JPH0411925A - Air cleaning apparatus for submarine boat - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To stably and continuously treat the polluted air by providing a CO2 separation unit which dissolves CO2 in the CO contg. air in a cabin into sea water, an air circulation flow passage through which the cleaned air is returned to the cabin, and a sea water circulation flow passage. CONSTITUTION:The polluted air in the cabin is entered into a membrane separation unit 3 through a compressor 1 and a gas holder 2, and CO2 is removed here and the cleaned air is returned to the cabin. The sea water in the outside is introduced into the membrane separation unit 3 to dissolve CO2 and then is discharge to the outside of boat by a pump, while a compressor 1 is controlled according to the pressure of sea water in the outside to continuously keep the cleanliness in a set value. The membrane separation unit 3 consists of the modules in which hollow threads of hydrophobic porous membrane are made into a bundle, and the polluted air is flowed through the inside of the hollow threads and the sea water is allowed to flow around the outer peripheries to dissolve the CO2 in the polluted air into the sea water trough the hollow thread, and thus CO2 is separated. By this method, polluted air is stably and continuously treated with a comparatively simple apparatus.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] The present invention relates to an air purification device for a submarine.

[Conventional technology]

The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is approximately 350 ppm, but on a submersible, the concentration increases to approximately 11,000 ppm due to the breathing of the crew.
Since it reaches 0pp, an air purification system is installed to remove CO2Mt and purify the cabin air! Is it installed?

That is, as shown in the system diagram of FIG. 3, the basic equipment is a reaction tower 02 filled with an adsorbent 01, and the air purification process using this is roughly divided into an adsorption process and a desorption/regeneration process.

In the adsorption process, contaminated air in the cabin is guided through the blower 03 to the reaction tower 02, where CO2 is adsorbed and removed by the adsorbent 01, and the purified air from which CO2 has been removed is sent to the gas exhaust pipe 04.
The desorption and regeneration process is a process of desorbing CO2 adsorbed by reaction and regenerating the adsorbent.Heated steam is sent into the reaction tower through the steam introduction pipe 05, and the CO2 is separated from the adsorbent by heat. The desorbed high-concentration CO2 gas is either directly depressurized during surfacing, or is pressurized by the compressor 07 during irrigation and discharged into the sea outside the vessel.

Here, the adsorption and desorption reaction of CO□ by an adsorbent generally utilizes the following changes.

2 (R-N13) (amine adsorbent) + CO2 + H20*
”j, Wr(R-NHs)zC(h (Amine with CO2 adsorbed) [Problem to be solved by the invention] However, with such a device, the air contaminated by CO2 emitted by the crew in the cabin is It is not possible to purify in continuous operation.This is because two or three reaction columns
This is because it is a batch or semi-continuous method in which COz is adsorbed in one reaction tower while another adsorption tower (in which COz is saturated) is regenerated.

Although it has been technically possible to use the adsorption/desorption operation while switching between them, it is not practical because the equipment becomes complicated and the regeneration requires heating and regeneration using steam, which requires a large heat source. do not have.

The present invention has been proposed in view of the above circumstances, and aims to provide a practical air purification device for a submersible vessel that can stably and continuously treat contaminated air with a relatively simple device. purpose.

[Means for Solving the Problems] To this end, the present invention provides that when CO2-containing air is introduced into one side of a container partitioned through a plurality of hydrophobic thin films, seawater is introduced into the other side, and the thin film A CO2 separator that dissolves the CO2 that passes through the seawater into seawater, and a CO2 separator that dissolves the CO2 that passes through
2. An air circulation channel that pressurizes the air containing air, cleans it through the COz separator, and returns it to the cabin; and a seawater circulation channel that returns external seawater to the outside via a pump, via the CO2 separator. It is characterized by having the following.

[Effect]

According to such a configuration, contaminated air from the cabin enters the membrane separation device via the compressor and gas holder, where CO2 in the contaminated air is removed and clean air returns to the cabin.

On the other hand, external seawater is introduced into a membrane separation device, dissolves CO2, and then is pumped out of the ship. During this time, the compressor is controlled in conjunction with the water pressure of the external seawater, continuously maintaining the cleanliness of the cabin air. to the set value.

It consists of a module made up of a bundle of hollow fibers with a diameter of 200 μm and an inner diameter of approximately 180 μm. When contaminated air flows through the hollow fiber holes, seawater flows around the outer periphery of the module, and COz in the contaminated air passes through the hollow fibers. It is separated by dissolving it in seawater.

〔Example〕

An embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an overall system diagram thereof, and FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the principle of the membrane separation apparatus of FIG. 1.

First, in FIG. 1, contaminated air in the cabin is pressurized by a compressor and temporarily stored in a gas holder 2, introduced into a membrane separator 3 to remove CO2, and then returned to the cabin.

The membrane separation device 3 has a large number of hollow fibers 111f4 filled therein, which are fixed at both ends and housed in a case, and contaminated air may be passed either inside or outside the hollow fiber membranes.
In this embodiment, a structure is adopted in which the inside is allowed to flow. On the other hand, seawater is introduced into the membrane separator 3 from outside the ship through the seawater inlet pipe 5, passes through the hollow fiber membrane 4, and the seawater that has absorbed CO2 is pumped through the outer shell 9 to the outside of the ship using the pump 6. Discharge.

By the way, the pressure of seawater changes depending on the diving depth of the submersible, so the pressure detector 7 detects the seawater pressure, adjusts the compression pressure of the compressor 1, and works in conjunction with the pressure regulator 8 to perform membrane separation of contaminated air. The inlet pressure to the device is controlled to ensure that the hollow fiber membranes are not damaged by pressure differentials. If the diving depth is small, a low pressure blower may be used instead of the compressor 10.

Now, to explain the principle of membrane separation equipment, as shown in the model diagram in Figure 2, polypropylene is used.

When contaminated air is flowed on one side of a permeable thin film made of polyethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, silicone rubber, etc., seawater is flowed on the other side, and the partial pressure of CO2 on the air side is Pl, and the partial pressure of CO2 on the seawater side is Let Pl be Pl, then Pl is C in equilibrium with the atmosphere (1atl)
It indicates the dissolution partial pressure of O2, and this value is small. Also, if seawater flows at a high velocity, the partial pressure of CO2 in seawater will not increase.
In reality, CO in the air is generated using the partial pressure of P1 to P2 as a driving force.
2 will gradually dissolve into seawater.

This is because the above-mentioned permeable thin membrane is a hydrophobic porous polymer membrane with a pore size of 0.01 to 0.1 μm, and has the characteristic that molecular gases permeate through the permeable membrane, but water does not. Since the permeation driving force can be larger than that of N2.0□ in contaminated air, CO2 can be selectively separated using this.

If the amount of C02 to be dissolved is Q, then Q=K −A(P1
~P2), where K is the permeability coefficient of CO2 and A
represents the area of the membrane, and for the membrane separation device as a whole, A is the total area of the membrane, and P and -Pl are the average partial pressure differences between the inlet and outlet of the membrane.

On the other hand, the concentration of N2.02 in the cabin remains constant at 1 atm, just like in the outside world, since there is no factor to increase it. Since the N2.02 in the seawater is dissolved by the equilibrium partial pressure of the atmosphere 1 at+n, there is no partial pressure difference for the N2.02 in the cabin exhaust air to be dissolved in the seawater. Therefore, only the CO2 that has increased in concentration inside the cabin can be dissolved in seawater through the permeable membrane and selectively separated.

In this example, the outer diameter of the permeable membrane is 200 μm.

A module with a bundle of hollow fibers with an inner diameter of 180 μm is used, and by flowing contaminated air inside the hollow fibers and flowing seawater outside, the air coming out of the module is clean air from which CO2 has been removed (N2 and 02) to return to the cabin again. On the other hand, external seawater taken in from outside the ship dissolves the Co2 that has passed through the module and is discharged outside the ship.

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to such a device, the CO2 partial pressure of the cabin contaminated air is high and there is a pressure difference between it and the CO□ equilibrium partial pressure of the external seawater, and the pressure difference of other gases (N2.O□) is high. CO't can be selectively separated by the pressure difference, and by using a large amount of irrigation water, a large CO2 partial pressure difference can be maintained, so the membrane separation function can be fully demonstrated.

Such measures overcome the complexity of the equipment, the need for a heat source, and the problems associated with continuous operation.

In short, according to the present invention, when CO□-containing air is introduced into one example of a container partitioned through a plurality of hydrophobic thin films, irrigation water is also introduced into the other side, and the CO2 that permeates through the thin films is dissolved in the dry water. CO2 separator and CO2 in the submarine cabin
An air circulation flow path that pressurizes the air containing 2 and returns it to the cabin after being purified through the COZ separator, and a seawater circulation flow that returns external seawater to the outside via a pump via the CO2 separation device. By providing a practical air purifying device for a submersible vessel that can stably and continuously treat contaminated air with a relatively simple device,
The present invention is extremely useful industrially.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall system diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram explaining the principle of the membrane separation apparatus shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a system diagram showing a known air purifying device for a submarine. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Compressor, 2... Gas holder 3... Membrane separation device, 4... Hollow fiber membrane, 5... Seawater introduction pipe, 6...
... Pump, 7... Pressure detector, 8... Pressure regulator, 9... Outer shell, 11... Adsorbent, 12... Reaction tower, 13... Blower, 14...・Gas exhaust pipe, 15...
・Steam introduction pipe, 16... Carbon dioxide gas discharge pipe, 17...
Compressor, agent, patent attorney Masaru Tsukamoto 7 people's bathing water diagram Takukan I7 H Kankan 4'f-1 company

Claims (1)

[Claims] CO on one side of the container separated by multiple hydrophobic thin films.
When the _2-containing air is introduced, seawater is introduced to the other side, and the CO_2 separation device that dissolves the CO_2 that permeates through the thin membrane into seawater, and the CO_2-containing air in the submarine cabin is pressurized and purified through the above-mentioned CO_2 separation device. An air purification device for a submersible vessel, comprising: an air circulation channel that returns the CO_2 to the cabin after CO_2 separation, and a seawater circulation channel that returns external seawater to the outside via a pump and the CO_2 separator. .