JPH04114985A - Production of odorless compost composed of livestock manure or fish meal and a composition containing polyphenol component - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve deodorizing effect by adding a raw material containing polyphenol component such as tea to livestock manure or fish meal. CONSTITUTION:Tea leaf is a material composed mainly of tea polyphenols consisting of tea catechins of formula I (R1 is H or OH; R2 is H or group of formula II), tea theaflavins of formula III (R3 and R4 are H or group of formula II) and thearubigin. The tea leaf or extraction residue of tea is mixed with livestock manure such as poultry manure, pig manure and cattle manure or fish meal at a dry weight ratio of 1/(0.5-2.0), preferably about 1/(0.8-1.2) and turned over at intervals. The odor is eliminated after the lapse of a prescribed period when the temperature of the mixture is raised above the ambient temperature by about 5-10 deg.C, the mixture is agglomerated by the turn-over and the color of the mixture is changed to black color by the progress of fermentation. When the whole mixture is completely blackened and the odor is eliminated, the mixture is dried in the sun to obtain an odorless compost having excellent fertilizing effect.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method for producing odorless compost, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing odorless compost, and more specifically, it uses a polyphenol component to eliminate the ammonia odor of livestock manure or fish meal.
Regarding the method of producing compost that eliminates amine odor etc.
In particular, it is characterized by using tea confectionery or tea extraction residue as a polyphenol component.

[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention] Among the various organic fertilizers that have been used for the cultivation of vegetables, flower petals, gardening, tea, lawns, etc., chicken manure is one of them.

Pig manure, fish meal, etc. have a great fertilization effect, but from an environmental perspective, they have an ammonia odor and other strange odors, so the process of turning beef tallow and fertilizers not only poses problems as odor pollution in the neighborhood, but also
Even when applying fertilizer, the range of application has been limited because of the return odor caused by water addition.

For this reason, some livestock farmers try to mix in wood chips during the composting process, but this has little effect on odor control.

As described above, for poultry and pig farmers, fish meal processors, etc., the problem of bad odors in the processing process including composting of livestock excrement, fish meal, etc., along with the problem of fly outbreaks, etc., requires a fundamental solution. This is a challenge.

[Means to solve the problem]

Therefore, the present inventors decided to deodorize the ammonia odor and other odors of livestock manure such as chicken manure, pig manure, and fish meal by using chemical compounds (rather than deodorizing the ammonia odor and other odors of livestock manure such as chicken manure and pig manure, and fish meal by mixing with natural materials containing polyphenol components. In particular, it is mixed with natural materials that have not been fully utilized in the past, such as industrial extraction residues (used tea leaves) of black tea, green tea, oolong tea, etc., tea confections discarded from tea plantations, and powdered tea produced during tea manufacturing and remanufacturing operations. By this, a remarkable deodorizing effect can be obtained.Furthermore, by depositing, fermenting and drying this mixture, there is no sensual odor, and the action of pectin and wax derived from tea confectionery makes it easy to aggregate dried products. He discovered that the compost obtained in this way has much better fertilizing effect than compost without the addition of tea ingredients, and that the concentrated liquid extracted from this compost with boiling water becomes a highly concentrated liquid fertilizer. Completed the invention.

That is, the present invention relates to a method for producing odorless compost made from livestock manure or fish meal, which is characterized by adding a material containing a polyphenol component.

The main components of the material used in the present invention are polyphenols, and in the case of tea polyphenols, they are tea catechins represented by the following general formula I, and tea theaflavins and thearubigins represented by the general formula (2).

General formula % Formula % (In general formula I, R, = H, R2 = H) (-) Epigallocatechin (In general formula ■, R, = OH, R2 = H) (-) Shrimp catechin galley-1. Song (-) Epigallocatechin gallate Theaflavin monogallate A General formula % Formula % Theaflavin digallate (In the general formula ①, specific examples of theaflavins include the following.

Free theaflavin (in general formula (1), R3=H, R4=H) The above-mentioned tea polyphenols can be manufactured using tea confectionery as a raw material, and the manufacturing method thereof is disclosed in JP-A-59219384 and JP-A-60-13780.

It is described in Publication No. 61-130285 and the like.

Tea confectionery is usually used as the material containing the polyphenol component used for producing the odorless compost of the present invention. here,
Tea confectionery includes the above-mentioned used tea leaves, tea confectionery harvested from tea plantations, powdered tea produced during the tea manufacturing process and remanufacturing work, etc.
These can be used alone or in appropriate combinations. In addition, as long as the tea confectionery contains the above-mentioned polyphenol components, it does not matter how much the content is. The dry matter ratio with the lees may be any suitable ratio, and in actual production, the mixture is piled up and fermented with a moisture content of around 70%, and the mixture is turned over as appropriate.

The blending ratio of materials containing polyphenol components and livestock manure or fish meal may be determined as appropriate by taking into consideration the polyphenol content as described above, or is usually the former: latter - 1: 0.5 on a dry weight basis. 2.0, preferably 10.8~
Approximately 1.2 or so.

The end of fermentation can be easily determined by sensually observing the temperature, color change, and odor of the tea cake while depositing and fermenting the mixture.

That is, fermentation is complete when the temperature stops rising, the tea confectionery changes color, and the unique ammonia odor and other unusual odors disappear, and usually takes about 1 to 2 weeks. The fermented compost of the present invention may be used as it is, may be dried to improve its storage life, or may be further extracted with hot water to convert the soluble content into liquid fertilizer.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be explained below based on examples.

Example 1 7 kg of dried chicken manure and 20 kg of green tea extraction residue (moisture 70%)
After mixing and depositing, sometimes cut back. In about a week, the temperature will rise by 5 to 10 degrees Celsius above the surrounding outside temperature.
The mixture turns into fingertip-sized granules by turning and turns black as fermentation progresses. As the color progresses, the unique odor of chicken manure disappears. After about two weeks, it is confirmed that the whole piece has completely turned black and the odor has disappeared, and then it is dried in the sun.

The ammonia concentration of the compost of the present invention thus obtained was compared with that of the untreated chicken manure plot using a vacuum method gas sampling device AP.
-1 type (manufactured by Komei Rikagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.). The results are shown in Table 1.

Example 2 7 kg of dried chicken manure and 20 kg of black tea extraction residue (moisture 70%)
were mixed and deposited, and composted in the same manner as in Example 1. In this case as well, the same process as in Example 1 was followed, and the ammonia odor sensually disappeared in 1 to 2 days, and after 11 days, the entire product turned black and fermentation was completed.

The ammonia concentration of the thus obtained compost of the present invention was measured in the same manner as in Example I in comparison with untreated chicken manure. The results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1 It was bright. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

Table 2 Table 3 Example 3 Raw chicken manure and used tea leaves (green tea or black tea, each with 70% moisture) in a weight ratio of 1. 100 g of the mixture was placed in a conical beaker at 200 mA, and fermentation and drying were performed in a greenhouse.

The odor components (ammonia, methyl mercaptan) were measured using the same detection tube as in Example 1 after sealing the top of the conical beaker with plastic wrap for 30 minutes. In addition, untreated raw chicken manure was used in Example 1. Compost was produced according to Example 1 by blending lettuce leaves and chicken manure in a dry weight ratio of 1:1. Cultivation soil was prepared by mixing this compost with Akadama soil at a volume ratio of 1=2. In addition, commercially available chicken manure and commercially available compost.

In the case of only used tea leaves, the cultivation soil was mixed with Akadama soil at a volume ratio of 1.4.

Cultivation is in the area treated with the inventive compost (green tea or black tea).

The tests were carried out in areas treated with commercially available chicken manure, areas treated with commercially available compost, and areas with no treatment using only Akadama soil. In the area treated with chicken manure, the leaves began to wither about 5 days after planting, but in the area treated with the compost of the present invention, the green of the leaves became darker compared to other treatment areas from about 1 week after planting. It was observed whether it was coming. Furthermore, when the roots were pulled out on the 144th day after planting, root rot was noticeable in the chicken manure treatment area, and no such symptoms were observed in the other treatment areas.

Application example 2 Shiva It was mixed under the same conditions as Application Example 1 and used as a base fertilizer.

Cultivation is in the area treated with the inventive compost (green tea or black tea).

The test was carried out in a commercially available Shiba fertilizer plot and in an untreated plot. Height 16.
Each fertilizer was deposited on the bottom of a 5cm large planter (50cm x 29cm), and a thick layer of Akadama soil was placed on top of it.
Korai grass was spread loosely on the surface. From about two weeks after planting, the leaves in the compost treated plots of the present invention became darker green than the other treated plots, and the growth was much more vigorous, preventing the invasion of other weeds.

On the other hand, in the commercially available Shiba fertilizer plot and in the untreated plot, leaves turned red due to Shiba rust were observed, indicating a poor condition.

After 70 days of cultivation (no additional fertilizer was applied during this period), the above-ground parts were harvested, air-dried at 70°C for 36 hours, and weighed. The results shown in Table 4 were obtained.

Application Example 3 Potato cultivation was carried out in the same manner as in Application Example 1 in the inventive compost (green tea, black tea) plot, the commercially available chicken manure plot, the tea leaves only plot, and the untreated plot.

As a result, the growth of the above-ground part was much better in the compost plot of the present invention than in the plot from the beginning of germination. In addition, the yield and soil pH (H2O) in each treatment plot in the third month of cultivation were measured. The results are shown in Table 5.

As is clear from the table, the pH of the soil was 5.3 in the untreated area.
In contrast, the number rose to 75 in the area treated with commercial chicken manure. On the other hand, the pH of the compost area of the present invention was lower than that of the commercially available chicken manure treatment area, and from this it is thought that the increase in soil pH can be suppressed by mixing used tea leaves with chicken manure.

〔Effect of the invention〕

The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for producing odorless compost from livestock manure and fish meal, and the fertilizer obtained by the present invention is not only odorless but also exhibits remarkable fertilizing effects. In other words, it is an odorless treatment area.

When various crops are cultivated in areas fertilized with commercially available chicken manure, commercially available compost, or only used tea leaves, the area fertilized with the product of the present invention has a far superior effect on the crops compared to other areas.

Patent applicant Mitsui Norin Co., Ltd. Application Example 4 Eggplant cultivation was carried out in the same manner as in Application Example 1 in the inventive compost area, commercially available compost area, and commercially available chicken manure area.

As a result, three weeks after planting, the growth conditions in each plot were extremely different. If the commercially available compost plot was used as a standard, the commercially available chicken manure plot was shorter and smaller than that, and the inventive compost plot was shorter in terms of tree height, leaf area, etc. Both were more than twice as large, indicating extremely vigorous tree vigor.

Procedural amendment (voluntary) September 27, 1990

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) A method for producing odorless compost from livestock manure or fish meal, which is characterized by adding a material containing a polyphenol component. (2) The method according to claim 1, wherein the material containing the polyphenol component is tea. (3) The method according to claim 1, wherein the livestock manure is any one of chicken manure, pig manure, and cow manure.