JPH04105831A - Composite machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a composite machine tool capable of milling and drilling and added with the function of lathe turning as well, by providing a tail stock and head stock freely movable in the moving direction of a table independently from the table, on the table of a gate type machine tool. CONSTITUTION:A cross rail 12 is supported freely movably in the vertical direction between a pair of columns 11 erected on a base 10, and a ram 14 is supported freely movably vertically on a head 13 provided freely movably in the cross rail axial direction on the cross rail 12. On this ram 14 a pentahedral head 15 for processing five faces is fitted. A table 17 is provided movably in the axial direction of the ram 14 on the table head 16 provided on the base 10, and a tail stock 18 is provided at one end on the table 17 of the column 11 side, a rotation driving mechanism and a dividing mechanism, etc., are incorporated in the head stock 19 provided in opposition to the tail stock 18, also, the head stock 19 has a chuck 21 which holds a work.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a machine tool, and more particularly to a compound machine tool whose basic configuration is a concave machine tool such as a plano mirror.

[Background technology]

For example, a plano mirror is used when processing a large square workpiece. In this plano mirror, various attachment heads are replaceably attached to the ram, and processing such as milling and drilling is performed using various tools attached to the attachment heads and movement of the table.

On the other hand, lathes are used to turn shaft workpieces.

Therefore, when performing milling processing such as keyway processing or drilling processing such as hole drilling on a shaft workpiece, -1.
After performing external processing on a lathe, the shaft workpiece is transferred to a table such as a plano mirror, held with a jig such as a rest, and then milled or drilled using a five-sided machining head. Ta. In this case, a rolling mechanism has generally been used to move a jig such as a rest that holds the workpiece.

In other words, rollers that can move in and out are provided on the jig side, while guide rails are laid on the table side. When moving the jig, the rollers on the jig are pushed out with a cylinder or the like and are connected to the guide rails on the table side. By engaging the guide rail and the rollers, the load on the jig during movement is reduced.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, when milling or drilling a shaft workpiece, it is necessary to first process the shaft workpiece using a lathe and then transport the workpiece and attach it to a machine tool such as a plano mirror. Therefore, it takes a lot of setup work and time to move from turning to milling, etc., such as removing the workpiece on the lathe, transporting it from the lathe to the plano mirror, etc., and installing it on the plano mirror. Because I was spending so much, my productivity was bad.

Furthermore, according to the conventional method, there is always a risk that the workpiece will be dropped or scratched while the workpiece is being transported.

Further, conventionally, a rolling mechanism is used to move a jig such as a rest on a table such as a plano mirror. However, it is necessary to provide a roller and a cylinder for making the roller appear and retract on the jig side, and at the same time, a guide rail or the like that engages with the roller must be provided on the table side. As a result, when using this rolling mechanism, the jig becomes large, and since rollers, guide rails, cylinders, etc. are used, there is a problem that the overall cost is high.

Furthermore, when a rolling mechanism is used, oil lubrication is required for guide rails and the like. However, the tailstock and the like placed on the table are constantly exposed to coolant during workpiece processing. Therefore, coolant and oil are mixed,
Even if an attempt was made to circulate the coolant, etc., there was a problem in that it was not possible to separate and recover the coolant and the like.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a multi-purpose machine tool that is capable of milling and drilling, and is also loaded with turning functions. Another object of the present invention is to provide a compound machine tool that allows the headstock, workpiece holder, etc. to be easily and lightly moved on the table of such a machine tool.

[Means to solve the problem]

The present invention provides a cross rail that is supported by a pair of columns so as to be movable in the vertical direction, a saddle that is vertically perpendicular to the cross rail and supported so as to be movable in the horizontal direction along the cross rail axis; a ram supported to be movable in the vertical direction and to which a processing head can be attached; a table bed provided passing through between the columns; and a ram provided on the table bed to be movable in the horizontal direction orthogonal to the axis of the cross rail. A compound machine tool is constructed by providing a tailstock and a headstock that are movable in the direction of movement of the table independently of the table on the table of a recessed machine tool equipped with a table.

Further, it is preferable that this compound machine tool is configured to include a fluid-based static pressure support means between the table, the tailstock, and the headstock.

Furthermore, it is preferred that the liquid used as the hydrostatic support means is part of the processing coolant.

Furthermore, in the static pressure support means, one of the table, the tailstock, and the headstock is provided with a convex portion along the moving direction of the table, and the other is provided with a concave portion that engages with the convex portion. , the static pressure support means includes a plurality of fluid pockets provided opposite to the table horizontal plane of the tailstock and the headstock, and both sides of the convex part or four parts, and among these fluid pockets, the part of the convex part or the concave part The fluid pocket facing one side may be provided with a circuit that constantly supplies fluid, and the remaining fluid pots may be provided with circuits via supply/cutoff switching valves.

[Effect]

In the present invention, the shaft workpiece is gripped by the headstock, tailstock, and rest on the table.

Then, turning of the shaft workpiece is performed using a tool of an attachment such as a three-sided head mounted on the ram, feeding by movement of the table, and rotation of the workpiece by the headstock.

For a shaft workpiece that has been turned, the rotation of the workpiece by the headstock is stopped, and the tool attached to the three-sided head etc. is moved and rotated in the X, Y, and 2-axis directions, and the feed by moving the table, etc. Milling and drilling processes are performed.

If a fluid-based static pressure support means is provided between the table, the headstock, and the tailstock, the position of the headstock, tailstock, etc. cannot be moved during setup work such as mounting a workpiece on a machine tool. This is done smoothly due to the action of the static pressure support means.

Furthermore, if a part of the processing coolant is used as the fluid for the static pressure support means, the static pressure support means can be constructed by simply branching a part of the processing coolant circuit. Due to the action of the static pressure support means using this coolant, the headstock,
The position of the tailstock etc. is moved.

Further, in the hydrostatic support means, a fluid pocket is provided;
If fluid is constantly supplied to one of the fluid pockets and a circuit is provided to the remaining fluid pots via supply/shutoff switching valves, the headstock, tailstock, etc. will float only when moving. to move smoothly.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an overall side view of the compound machine tool of this embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line ■--■ in FIG. 1, respectively.

As shown in both figures, a pair of columns 11 are mounted on a base 10.
．． 11 is erected, and this pair of columns 11.11
A cross rail 12 is supported in between so as to be movable in the vertical (Y-axis) direction. The pair of columns 11, 11 and the cross rail]2 make the compound machine tool 1 as a whole gate-shaped.

The crossrail 12 has a crossrail axis, that is,
The head 13 is movable in the horizontal (X-axis) direction perpendicular to the Y-axis.
A ram 14 is further supported on the head 13 so as to be vertically movable.

A three-sided head 15 for three-sided machining is attached to this ram 14. Of course, the ram 14 is not limited to the three-sided head 15, and various attachment heads can be attached thereto. These various attachment heads can be automatically replaced by an unillustrated attachment head replacement device provided at one end of the base 10.

A table bed 16 is provided on the base 10,
This table bed 16 extends so as to pass through a gate-shaped structure made up of a pair of columns 11, 11, a cross rail 12, and the like.

A table 17 is provided on the table bed 16 so as to be movable in the horizontal (Z-axis) direction perpendicular to the axial direction of the ram 14, that is, the Y-axis and the cross rail axis (X-axis), by a drive mechanism (not shown).

On the top surface of the table 17, a guide groove 17A is formed in the longitudinal direction, and a normal T groove 17B is also formed (see Fig. 4).
A tailstock 18 having a center is provided at one end of the table 17 on the formed column 11.11 side.

At the other end of the table 17, a headstock 19 is provided opposite the tailstock 18. This headstock 19 has a built-in circuit rotation drive mechanism, an indexing mechanism, etc., and is connected to a motor 20 serving as a drive source for these. Further, the headstock 19 has a chuck 21 that grips a workpiece.

A cylinder 22 for moving the headstock 19 is provided behind the headstock 19. Also, table 17
A rest 23 is provided above to support a long shaft workpiece. A pair of opposing movable claws 24,24 constituting the rest 23 are horizontally installed on a vertical portion of a base 25 formed in an L shape. The pair of movable claws 24, 24 have V-shaped surfaces facing each other, and are configured to easily grip the workpiece.

The pair of moving claws 24 are connected to a drive bolt 26 so as to move toward and away from the workpiece.

This drive bolt 26 has a left-right symmetrical thread, and one end of the drive bolt 26 is connected to a motor 27.

The rest 23 is composed of the pair of movable claws 24, 24, the base 25, the drive bolt 26, the motor 27, and the like.

Note that hook portions 25A and 18B are formed on the lower side surfaces of these rests 23 and tailstock 18. The hook portions 25A, 18B are engaged with moving pins of a circuit attached to the three-sided head 15 when the rest 23 and the tailstock 18 are moved.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the bottom surface of the tailstock 18 has pockets 39, 40, 42 and a guide rail 1.
8A is formed.

That is, although FIGS. 3 and 4 show the relationship between the table 17 and the pockets of the moving body such as the tailstock 18, rest 23, and headstock 19, the description will proceed as the tailstock 18.

On the lower surface of the tailstock 18, a total of six plane pockets 39 are formed, one each facing the horizontal surface of the table 17, and three at the front and back in the direction of movement of the tailstock 18. Furthermore, two side pockets 40 and two side pockets 42 are formed through wedges 41 on the side surfaces of the guide rail 18A projecting from the bottom surface of the tailstock 18. A portion of the coolant used during workpiece machining is supplied to these pockets 39, 40, 42 through oil passages, which will be described later.

The pockets 39, 40, 42 are square recesses. Now, let the pocket pressure of one pocket 39 be Pl,
The source pressure of the coolant sent to this pocket 39 is P. Then, the stiffest pocket depth and surface area are determined.

In addition, the wedge 41 is shown in FIG. 4(A), (
B) By inserting and removing table 1 in the direction perpendicular to the inner paper surface.
7 and the side surface of the guide groove 17A is adjusted.

Like the tailstock 18, the headstock 19 also has a guide rail formed on its lower surface. The headstock 19 is also connected to the concave groove 17 on the table 17 via this guide rail. It is movable along A in the Z-axis direction. In addition, the headstock 19
A plane pocket and a side surface blur similar to those of the tailstock 18 are also formed on the lower surface.

Furthermore, like the tailstock 18, the rest 23 also has a guide rail formed on the lower surface of the base. And rest 2
3 is also movable in the Z-axis direction along the groove 17A on the table 17 via this guide rail. Further, a plane pocket and a side pocket similar to those of the tailstock 18 are formed on the lower surface of the rest 23 as well.

Here, the flat pocket 39 of the tailstock 18, the side pockets 40, 42, and the flat pocket of the headstock 19,
The side pockets, the plane pockets of the rest 23, the side pockets, etc. each constitute a static pressure support means 3.

FIG. 4 shows a circuit diagram of the coolant supplied to the pockets 39, 40.degree. 42 of the tailstock 18, and FIG. 5 shows the entire coolant circuit diagram. The coolant circuit will be explained based on both figures.

A portion of the coolant supplied from the coolant tank 30 is used through a branched circuit 31 to push out chips on the table 17 produced by machining. A portion passes through the filter 32 and is further branched into a tool side circuit 33 and a lathe side circuit 34, that is, the static pressure support means side, and is supplied to each of them.

The coolant supplied to the tool side circuit 33 is used as a shower coolant near the five-sided head 15, a milling spindle as a horizontal spindle, a turning spindle, a vertical spindle, etc.

The coolant branched to the lathe side circuit 34 passes through the filter 3
5 and the oil passage 51, the tailstock 18 includes a static pressure support means. Two sets of rests 23 23 and the tailstock 1
9 through oil passages 52, 45° 46.4.7, respectively.

Here, the oil passage 52 that is supplied to the tailstock 18 will be described in detail.

The oil passage 52 is provided with a variable throttle valve 36 that controls the entire flow rate, and further has a variable throttle valve 36 that controls the entire flow rate.
A solenoid valve 37, which is a one-point and two-position switching valve, is provided. This oil passage 52 is further provided with a throttle valve 38 so that the coolant that has passed through the throttle valve 38 is sent to three sets of plane pockets 39 and one set of side pockets 40 on the tailstock side. It has become.

The coolant sent to the wedge pockets 42 of the set of kite rails 18A on the tailstock 18 side passes through the variable throttle valve 36 from the oil passage 52, and then passes through the oil passage 44, which is branched before the solenoid valve 37, to the throttle valve. 43. Therefore, coolant is constantly supplied to the pocket 42 regardless of whether or not the solenoid valve 37 is operated. As a result, when coolant is not supplied to the pocket 40 on the opposite side of the guide rail 18A, the coolant on the pocket 42 side moves the guide rail 18A into the guide groove 17 of the table 17.
It is pressed against the surface of A on the pocket 40 side.

Oil passages having such a configuration are also provided to the two rests 23° 23 and the headstock 19 side.

That is, an oil passage 51 branched from the lathe side circuit 34 includes an oil passage 45 to the rest 23 on the tailstock 18 side, an oil passage 46 to the rest 23 on the headstock 19 side, and an oil passage 47 to the headstock 19. ,
Each is connected.

Further, a solenoid valve 48 is provided in the oil passage 45, a solenoid valve 49 is provided in the oil passage 46, and a solenoid valve 50 is provided in the oil passage 47, respectively.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be explained assuming that a large shaft workpiece is to be machined.

A moving pin is attached to the side of the five-sided head 15,
The tailstock 18 and the hook portion 18B of the rest 23.

The table 17 is moved to engage this pin with 25A.

On the other hand, in the tailstock 18, a solenoid valve 37 electrically connected to the operation panel is operated by pressing a switch or the like on the operation panel. When the solenoid of the electromagnetic valve 37 is energized, the coolant 16-land flows from the coolant tank 30 into the flat pocket 39 and one side pocket 40.
supplied to Note that coolant is constantly supplied to the pocket 42 of the wedge 41, and the wedge 41 is supported by static pressure. Therefore, the static pressures between the pockets 42 and 40 are balanced, and both the guide rail 18A and the guide groove 17A are in a floating state.

The coolant supplied to each pocket 39, 40, 42 causes the tailstock 18 to be slightly lifted from the upper surface of the table 17.

Next, the pin attached to the five-sided head 15 is inserted into the hook portion 18B of the tailstock 18 by moving the five-sided head 15 in the X and Y directions.

Then, the table 17 is moved in the Z-axis direction in this state. When the table 17 moves until the tailstock 18 comes to a position corresponding to the predetermined position of the workpiece, the table 1
Stop the movement of 7. Switch the solenoid valve 37 and open each pocket)
The supply of coolant to 39 and 40 is stopped, and the state of static pressure support is released. As a result, the guide rail 18A of the tailstock 18 is moved to the table 17 by the action of the pocket 42.
is pressed against the side surface of the guide groove 17A and fixed.

By moving the five-sided head 15 in the X-axis direction, the pin and the hook 18
Disengage from B.

Similarly, the rest 23 is also moved to a predetermined position and fixed.

Next, the pair of moving claws 24, 24 of the rest 23 are kept open by driving the motor.

When the work W is transported to the rest position by a predetermined transport means, it is lightly gripped by a pair of moving claws 24, 24, and one end is inserted into the chuck 21 of the headstock 19 and gripped.

Next, the pair of moving claws 24, 24 are closed to grip the workpiece W.

Note that if a center hole is not drilled on the end surface of the workpiece W, the workpiece W fixed by the chuck 21 and the rest 23 can be moved by moving the table 17 before moving the tailstock 18 to the workpiece W side. Bring it close to the five-sided head 15. By moving the head 15 in the X-axis direction and the ram 14 in the Y-axis direction,
A center hole drill attached to the front of the three-sided head 15 aligns the tool with the axis of the workpiece W. By rotating the tool and moving the table 17 forward in the X-axis direction, a center hole is drilled in the end surface of the workpiece.

Next, as described above, after the tailstock 18 is moved to the vicinity of the work W by the coolant static pressure, the coolant static pressure is stopped and clamped. Then, the center of the tailstock 18 is projected and inserted into the center hole of the workpiece W, and the workpiece W is supported by pressure.

When the workpiece W is set up in this manner, the rest 24 is opened, and the turning tool attached to the five-sided head 15 controlled in the X-axis and Y-axis directions and the workpiece W are moved by the headstock 19.
Turning, such as outer diameter machining, of the workpiece W is performed by the rotation of the table 17 and the feeding of the table 17.

Further, milling and drilling of the workpiece W are performed by a drill or a cutter attached to the five-sided head 15, indexing of the workpiece W by the headstock 19, feeding of the table 17, and the like.

When the predetermined processing is completed, the five-sided head 15 is evacuated to a safe position.

Next, the table 17 is moved to a position where it is easy to carry out the workpiece W.
to retreat. The workpiece W is grasped by the carry-out device in the enclosure. Subsequently, the center of the tailstock 18 is moved backward, while the chuck 21 of the headstock 19 is loosened.

If the workpiece W is particularly large and it is difficult to attach or remove the workpiece W without moving the headstock 19, loosen the chuck 21 on the headstock 19 and at the same time loosen the chuck 21 in the lathe side circuit 34. The solenoid of the electromagnetic valve 50 is energized. Coolant is supplied to each of the pockets on the plane and side surfaces of the lower surface of the headstock 19, and when the headstock 19 floats above the table 17, the cylinder 22 is driven to move the headstock 19 backward.

In this way, the free workpiece W is carried out by the carrying-out means. Thereafter, the same action will be repeated.

According to this embodiment as described above, the following effects are achieved.

That is, the headstock 19 is placed on the table of a portal machine tool equipped with a five-sided head 15 and a ram 14 capable of three-sided machining.
, a tailstock 18, a rest 23, etc. are provided. If the shaft workpiece W is supported by these headstock 19, tailstock 18, rest 23, etc., and the feed by movement of table 17 is used,
With Kome machine tools, it is now possible to perform not only milling processing but also turning processing.

When performing milling etc. on the shaft workpiece W, the same
Can be performed in the machine following turning.

Therefore, a series of setup operations such as transferring and mounting the workpiece W machined on the lathe to the next machine is no longer necessary, resulting in a highly productive machine tool. Moreover, it is possible to eliminate errors in the attachment and detachment of the workpiece W, making it possible to perform highly accurate machining.

Also, for turning, the headstock 19 is placed on the table 17,
When moving the tailstock 18 etc., the table 17 and headstock 1
9. A static pressure support means using coolant is provided between the tailstock 18 and the like. Therefore, there is an effect that the headstock 19 etc. can be moved extremely easily and smoothly. Moreover, in order to move the headstock 19, etc., an engaging pin attached to the three-sided head 15 is engaged with the headstock 19, etc., and the table 17 is moved. Never.

Furthermore, as a result of using coolant for lubrication, there is no longer a risk that lubricating oil and coolant will mix. Therefore, the coolant can be used in circulation.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but includes the following modifications and the like.

That is, in this embodiment, the tailstock 18 is provided with three sets of plane pockets 39 and one set of side pockets 40 at the front and rear of the moving direction of the tailstock 18 as pockets that utilize switching of the electromagnetic valve 37. However, it is not limited to this. For example, two sets of plane pockets 39 may be provided in the front and rear, or they may be provided in three rows instead of in the front and back. In short, it is possible to support the movable body such as the tailstock 18 under static pressure.

In the above embodiments, the fluid is described as a coolant, but it may also be static pressure support means using pneumatic pressure. Alternatively, water or oil may be used.

In short, it is sufficient if the movable body such as the tailstock can be supported by static pressure.

Further, in the above embodiment, two rests 23 were provided for supporting the workpiece W, but the number of rests 23 may be one or three.Furthermore, if the workpiece W is small, the rests 23
does not need to be provided. In short, it is sufficient to support Miwork W in a well-balanced manner.

In addition, the specific structure, shape, etc. when implementing the present invention may be other structures as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, according to the multifunction machine tool of the present invention, milling and drilling can be performed, and
The effect is that turning processing can also be performed.

Further, in such a multifunction machine tool, if a fluid-based static pressure support means is provided between the table and the tailstock, the workpiece holder etc. can be easily and lightly moved on the table.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an overall view showing an embodiment of a multifunction machine tool according to the present invention, FIG. 2 is a view taken along the line ■-■ in FIG. 1, FIG. Figure (A) is the third
IV (A)-IV (A) cross section and coolant circuit diagram in figure 4 (B) is IV (B) in figure 3
-11V (13) Cross section and coolant circuit diagram, Figure 5 is the entire coolant circuit diagram. ■...Compound machine tool, 3...Static pressure support means, 11.
...Column, 14...Ram, 17...Table, 1
8... Tailstock, 19... Headstock, 23... Rest, 30... Coolant tank, 37, 48, 49.5
0...Solenoid valve. 39.40.42...Pocket.

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) A cross rail that is supported by a pair of columns so as to be movable in the vertical direction, a saddle that is perpendicular to the cross rail in the vertical direction and movable in the direction along the cross rail axis, and a ram supported movably in a direction and to which a processing head can be attached; a table bed provided penetrating between the columns; and a ram provided on the table bed movably in a direction orthogonal to the cross rail axis. 1. A composite machine tool, characterized in that a tailstock and a headstock which are movable in the direction of movement of the table independently of the table are provided on the table of the portal machine tool. (2) The compound machine tool according to claim 1, further comprising a fluid-based static pressure support means provided between the table, the tailstock, and the headstock. (3) The multifunction machine tool according to claim 2, wherein the fluid is a part of a machining coolant. (4) In claim 2 or 3, one of the table, the tailstock, and the headstock is provided with a convex portion along the moving direction of the table, and the other is provided with a concave portion that engages with the convex portion. The static pressure support means includes a plurality of fluid pockets provided opposite to the table horizontal plane of the tailstock and headstock, and both sides of the convex portion or concave portion, and among these fluid pockets, the convex portion or the concave portion A compound machine tool characterized in that a fluid pocket facing one side of the machine is provided with a circuit for constantly supplying fluid, and the remaining fluid pots are provided with circuits via supply/cutoff switching valves.