JP2002263909A - Machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a machine tool allowing various shapes of works to be automatically attached to and detached from a headstock without additionally installing a work attaching/detaching device having a swingable work holding part. SOLUTION: This 2-spindle type composite machining lathe comprises a first headstock 12 and a second headstock 13 for installing a work W therein, a swingable tool headstock 17 for installing a tool therein, and an automatic tool changer(ATC) for attaching and detaching the tool stored in a tool magazine on and from the tool headstock 17. A clamp member 18 installed in the tool headstock 17 by the ATC is stored in the tool magazine. The clamp member 18 installed in the tool headstock 17 holds the work W, and the work W is removed from the first headstock 12. The tool headstock 17 is properly turned to coincide with the axis of the machining end of the work W to the axis of the spindle of the second headstock 13. Then the work can be installed in the second headstock 13.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a headstock on which a workpiece is mounted, a revolvable tool headstock on which tools are mounted, and a tool housed in a tool magazine, such as a compound machining lathe. The present invention relates to a machine tool including an automatic tool changer that is attached to and detached from a tool headstock.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, some compound machining lathes capable of performing milling, drilling, etc., in addition to turning, are capable of performing oblique hole machining and the like. A tool headstock that can be turned in the B-axis direction and has various tools housed in the magazine that can be attached and detached by an automatic tool changer (ATC).

[0003] Further, this type of combined machining lathe includes a first headstock fixedly installed and a second headstock movably mounted in the Z-axis direction so as to face the first headstock. In such a two-spindle combined machining lathe, first, one end of a work mounted on a first headstock is processed, and then one end of the work is mounted on a second headstock. The other end side of the workpiece clamped by the chuck of the first headstock can be subsequently processed.

As described above, when a workpiece is continuously processed using two headstocks, the work is normally transferred between the first headstock and the second headstock as follows. Is done automatically. As shown in FIG. 8A, at the time when the processing of the other end of the work W mounted on the first headstock 51 is completed, as shown in FIG.
Moves to the first headstock 51 side. And the first headstock 5
The other end of the workpiece W mounted on the first headstock 52 is
Of the first headstock 51 after the chuck 52a of
Chuck 51a unclamps one end of the work W, and the second headstock 52 retreats to the original position as shown in FIG.
The work W is automatically transferred from the first headstock 51 to the second headstock 52 by directly gripping the work W with the headstock 52.

[0005]

In the case where the workpiece W to be processed has, for example, an elbow shape with its axis center bent as shown in FIG. 9, FIG.
As shown in (a), the workpiece W is placed on the first headstock 5 so that the axis of one end to be machined coincides with the axis of the spindle.
In this state, one end is machined in a state of being attached to the first spindle, and then, as shown in FIG. Even if the second headstock 52 approaches the first headstock 51 side to be mounted on the base 52, the shaft center Sw on the other end side of the work W mounted on the first headstock 51 is changed to the second headstock. Since the workpiece W does not coincide with the axis Ss of the main spindle 52, simply changing the grip of the workpiece W between the chuck 51a of the first spindle head 51 and the chuck 52a of the second spindle head 52 does The workpiece W cannot be mounted on the second headstock 52 in a workable state in which the end axis coincides with the axis of the spindle.

Therefore, when processing a workpiece W having such an elbow shape, when the processing of one end side of the workpiece W mounted on the first headstock 51 is completed, the operator is required. The work W must be manually removed from the first headstock 51 and attached to the second headstock 52, and the work W is mounted despite the two headstocks 51 and 52 being mounted.
Cannot be continuously and efficiently processed.

[0007] A similar problem also occurs when a workpiece having the above-mentioned elbow shape is machined by a one-spindle type compound machining lathe on which one headstock is mounted.

In order to solve such a problem, a work attachment / detachment device which can enter a machining area from outside the machine and automatically attaches / detaches the work W to / from the headstock and can rotate the work holding portion is provided. However, if such a work attaching / detaching device is attached, a new problem such as an increase in initial cost and an increase in the size of the entire machine tool occurs.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to automatically attach / detach various shapes of work to / from the headstock without separately providing a work attaching / detaching device capable of turning the work holding portion as described above. To provide a machine tool.

[0010]

Means for Solving the Problems and Their Effects To solve the above problems, the invention according to claim 1 comprises a headstock on which a work is mounted, a pivotable tool headstock on which a tool is mounted, and An automatic tool changer for attaching and detaching a tool housed in a tool magazine to and from the tool headstock, wherein a clamp member mounted on the tool headstock by the automatic tool changer is housed in the tool magazine. The clamp member mounted on the tool headstock grips the work, thereby attaching and detaching the work to and from the headstock.

[0011] The machine tool configured as described above uses a clamp member mounted on a revolvable tool headstock.
Since the work is attached to and detached from the headstock, when gripping the work with the clamp member and mounting the work on the headstock, the tool headstock on which the clamp member is mounted is appropriately turned to rotate the axis of the work. Can be arbitrarily changed.

The clamp member housed in the tool magazine and automatically attached to and detached from the tool headstock by the automatic tool changer can be handled in the same manner as a tool. Is incorporated in the machining program, the operation of the clamp member can be controlled in a series of machining steps.

Therefore, even when the workpiece to be machined has, for example, an elbow shape with a bent axis, the axis of the end to be machined can easily be made to coincide with the axis of the main spindle. It is possible to automatically mount the work on the headstock in a workable state.Therefore, unlike the conventional machine tool, the work holding part has the problem of high initial cost and large size. Work can be efficiently processed without separately providing a pivotable work attachment / detachment device.

Further, as in the machine tool according to claim 2,
In the one in which the clamp member mounted on the tool headstock is configured to rotate, by rotating the clamp member, it is possible to easily reverse the work held by the clamp member, Even with a one-spindle type machine tool, the machined end of the work can be automatically replaced with respect to the headstock.

In particular, as in the machine tool according to claim 3,
It has two headstocks disposed so as to face each other, and a clamp member attached to the tool headstock holds the work, thereby receiving the work from one of the headstocks and receiving the work from the other. In the machine tool having the two headstocks, the workpiece can be continuously processed using the two headstocks regardless of the shape of the work. Can be operated efficiently.

[0016]

Embodiments will be described below with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, in the combined machining lathe 1, a first headstock 12 is fixedly installed at one end of a bed 11, and the other end of the bed 11 is opposed to the first headstock 12. A two-spindle type compound machining lathe in which a second headstock 13 is movably mounted in the Z-axis direction on the side, and a workpiece is mounted on each of the first headstock 12 and the second headstock 13. It has become.

A saddle 14 that moves on the bed 11 in the Z-axis direction is provided between the first headstock 12 and the second headstock 13.
The saddle 14 is provided with a column 15 that can move in the front-rear direction of the bed 11. A support base 16 of a tool headstock 17 is installed on the inclined surface of the column 15 so as to be movable in the X-axis direction. The tool headstock 17 is rotatable in the B-axis direction.
It is supported by.

Therefore, in the combined machining lathe 1, the tool spindle can be set at an arbitrary angle with respect to the spindle by turning the tool spindle 17 in the B-axis direction. The work attached to the headstock 13 can be subjected to oblique hole processing and the like.

Although not shown in the figure, the combined machining lathe 1 is equipped with a tool magazine containing a plurality of tools mounted on the tool headstock 17, and the tool magazine stored in the tool magazine is provided. Are automatically mounted on the tool headstock 17 by an automatic tool changer (ATC).

FIG. 2A shows the tool magazine.
As shown in (b), a clamp member 18 capable of gripping the work W is housed together with a processing tool, and like the tool, this clamp member 18 is automatically attached to the tool headstock 17 by ATC. It is designed to be attached. Therefore, the tool holder H is mounted on the clamp member 18 in advance similarly to the tool.

As shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 3B and FIG. 3A, a pair of bent front ends is provided so that the work W mounted on the first headstock 12 or the second headstock 13 can be gripped from an obliquely upper side. An opening / closing arm 19 is provided.
Is always urged in the opening direction by a spring (not shown).

When the clamp member 18 is mounted on the tool headstock 17, compressed air is supplied to the opening / closing mechanism of the opening / closing arm 19 via a coolant supply passage formed in the tool headstock 17. The opening and closing operation of the opening and closing arm 19 is performed by the compressed air.

In this combined machining lathe 1, the first headstock 12
Alternatively, when processing a work mounted on the second headstock 13, a tool is mounted on the tool headstock 17, but the work mounted on the first headstock 12 is removed and mounted on the second headstock 13. At this time, a clamp member 18 is attached to the tool headstock 17, and the work is attached to and detached from the first headstock 12 and the second headstock 13 by the clamp member 18 attached to the tool headstock 17. Done.

In the composite machining lathe 1 configured as described above, the other end is mounted on the first headstock 12 with one end clamped to a chuck in order to machine one end.
A work W having an elbow shape as shown in FIG. 9 is detached from the first headstock 12 by the clamp member 18 mounted on the tool headstock 17 and is attached to and detached from the second headstock 13. Will be described below. The first headstock 12 and the second headstock 13 are previously attached with a chuck having a special shape capable of clamping an elbow-shaped work as described above.

When the processing of one end of the workpiece W mounted on the first headstock 12 is completed, first, the clamp member 18 is mounted on the tool headstock 17, and the bent end of the opening / closing arm 19 becomes substantially vertical. As shown in FIG. 3A, the bending portion of the work W mounted on the first headstock 12 is gripped by the opening / closing arm 19 while the tool headstock 17 is turned.

Next, when the chuck 12a of the first headstock 12 unclamps the work W, the tool headstock 17 is moved in a direction away from the first headstock 12, as shown in FIG. By pulling out the work W from the chuck 12a of the first headstock 12, and moving the tool headstock 17 in the vertical direction while turning the tool headstock 17 in the direction indicated by the arrow in the same figure, as shown in FIG. The axis Sw of the other end of the work W clamped by the chuck 12a of the first headstock 12 is made to coincide with the axis Ss of the main spindle of the second headstock 13.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 2D, the tool head 17 is moved in a direction approaching the second head stock 13 so that one end of the work W is unclamped by the second head stock 13. Is inserted into the chuck 13a in the state, and the chuck 13a of the second headstock 13 clamps the workpiece W,
The workpiece W is mounted on the second headstock 13 in a workable state in which the axis Sw of the other end of the workpiece W coincides with the axis Ss of the spindle of the second headstock 13.

In this way, the work W is moved to the second headstock 1
When the work W is mounted on the work W, the clamp member 18 mounted on the tool headstock 17 is replaced with a predetermined tool, and the other end of the work W is machined following the one end of the work W.

As described above, in this combined machining lathe 1,
Clamp member 1 mounted on pivotable tool headstock 17
8, the workpiece W is detached from the first headstock 12 and attached to the second headstock 13, so that even if the workpiece W to be machined has the elbow shape as described above, the clamp W By rotating the tool headstock 17 in a state where the workpiece W is gripped by the member 18, the axis Sw of the other end of the workpiece W which is the unprocessed end is swung.
Workpiece W can be machined in such a way that it matches the axis Ss of the spindle.
Can be automatically mounted on the second headstock 13. Therefore, continuous machining of the work W can be efficiently performed without separately providing a work attaching / detaching device capable of rotating the gripping portion of the work unlike a conventional combined machining lathe.

FIGS. 4 to 6 show another embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 4, the combined machining lathe 2 is a one-spindle combined machining lathe in which a tailstock 23 is installed in place of the second headstock 13 of the combined machining lathe 1 described above. As shown, it has basically the same configuration as the combined machining lathe 1 described above, except that the clamp member 18 mounted on the tool headstock 17 can rotate around the tool spindle. Therefore, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.

It is mounted on the headstock 12 with the other end clamped to a chuck in order to machine one end.
One end of the work W is attached to the headstock so that the work W having an elbow shape as shown in FIG. 9 can be once removed by the clamp member 18 attached to the tool headstock 17 and the other end can be machined. The operation of attaching and detaching the work W when re-attaching the work 12 will be described below.

When the machining of one end of the work W mounted on the headstock 12 is completed, first, the clamp member 18 is mounted on the tool headstock 17 and the tool headstock is set so that the tip of the opening / closing arm 19 is vertical. FIG.
As shown in (a), the work W mounted on the headstock 12
Is held by the opening / closing arm 19.

Next, when the chuck 12a of the headstock 12 unclamps the work W, as shown in FIG.
By moving the tool headstock 17 in a direction away from the headstock 12, the work W is extracted from the chuck 12a of the headstock 12, and moved vertically while turning the tool headstock 17 in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. As a result, the shaft center Sw on the other end side of the workpiece W clamped by the chuck of the headstock 17 is moved to the headstock 12 as shown in FIG.
To the axis Ss of the main shaft.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 2D, the work W held by the clamp member 18 is turned over by rotating the clamp member 18 mounted on the tool headstock 17 by 180 degrees. By moving the tool headstock 17 in a direction approaching the headstock 12, one end of the work W is inserted into the unclamped chuck 12a of the headstock 12, as shown in FIG. When the chuck 12a of the table 12 clamps the work W, the work W is mounted on the headstock 12 again in a workable state in which the axis Sw of the other end of the work W matches the axis Ss of the spindle.

As described above, when the work W is mounted on the headstock 12, the clamp member 18 mounted on the tool headstock 17 is replaced with a predetermined tool, and the work W is continuously connected to one end of the work W. Is processed on the other end side.

As described above, in this combined machining lathe 2,
Since the clamp member 18 attached to the tool headstock 17 can rotate around the tool spindle, the work W held by the clamp member 18 can be easily inverted, and Even with a one-spindle type compound machining lathe, the work W
Can be automatically replaced.

Therefore, after machining one end of the work, it is more efficient to machine the other end of the work than in the conventional combined machining lathe in which the work must be manually attached to and detached from the headstock. Work W can be continuously processed well.

When machining a columnar work or the like in which the axial centers of both ends are coincident, the tool headstock 17 is not necessarily required.
It is not necessary to rotate the workpiece, but in consideration of reversing the work, it is desirable to use a clamp member whose tip is not bent.

Further, in the machine tool of the present invention, a work whose one axis is inclined with respect to the other axis, such as the above-mentioned elbow-shaped work W, is attached to and detached from the headstock. This is particularly effective in the case, for example, as shown in FIG.
Needless to say, this is also effective when the work W1 in which the shaft center on one end is eccentric with respect to the shaft center on the other end is detached from the headstock.

In the above-described embodiment, the case where the workpiece W is attached to and detached from the first headstock 12 and the second headstock 13 by the clamp member 18 mounted on the tool headstock 17 has been described. Instead of using the clamp member 18 for attaching / detaching the work, for the work whose axes are coincident at both ends, the work mounted on the first headstock 12 is replaced with the second work as in the related art. The work is attached and detached by directly clamping the chuck 13a of the headstock 13.

In the above-described embodiment, the case where the work is attached to and detached from the headstock has been described. However, the clamp member 18 can also be used when removing the processed work from the headstock and discharging the work. Can do this,
The effect is obtained that the work can be reliably discharged.

In each of the embodiments described above, the two-spindle type or one-spindle type multi-tasking lathe has been described. However, the machine tool of the present invention is not limited to such a multi-tasking lathe. The present invention can be applied to various machine tools having a tool headstock, a tool magazine, and an ATC.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an embodiment of a combined machining lathe according to the present invention.

FIG. 2A is a front view showing a clamp member mounted on the combined machining lathe of the above, and FIG. 2B is a side view showing the clamp member of the same.

FIGS. 3 (a) to 3 (d) show operations for explaining a work attaching / detaching operation when a work mounted on a first headstock is removed and mounted on a second headstock in the combined machining lathe. FIG.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a combined machining lathe according to another embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a side view showing a clamp member mounted on the combined machining lathe according to the first embodiment.

FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (e) are operation explanatory views for explaining a work attaching / detaching operation when a machining end of a work is exchanged with respect to a headstock in the above-mentioned combined machining lathe.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing one form of a work.

8 (a) to 8 (c) are views for explaining a work attaching / detaching operation when a work mounted on a first headstock is removed and mounted on a second headstock in a conventional combined machining lathe. FIG.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the work.

FIGS. 10A and 10B are explanatory diagrams for explaining a problem of a conventional combined machining lathe.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 2 Combined machining lathe 12 1st headstock (headstock) 13 2nd headstock 17 Tool headstock 18 Clamping member 19 Opening / closing arm Ss Main shaft axis Sw Work axis W Work

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A headstock on which a workpiece is mounted, a revolvable tool headstock on which a tool is mounted, and an automatic tool changer for attaching and detaching a tool housed in a tool magazine to and from the tool headstock. In the machine tool, a clamp member mounted on the tool headstock by the automatic tool changer is housed in the tool magazine, and the clamp member mounted on the tool headstock grips the workpiece, A machine tool wherein the work is attached to and detached from the headstock. 2. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the clamp member mounted on the tool headstock rotates. 3. The apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising: two headstocks disposed so as to face each other, wherein a clamp member mounted on the tool headstock grips the work, thereby allowing the one headstock to be moved from one of the headstocks. 3. The machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the workpiece is received and delivered to the other headstock.