JPH0388688A - Elevator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To improve transporting efficiency by providing passages for up and down operation exclusive use in an enlarged single shaft and a cable or a chain for operation so that a plurality of sets of cages are operated simultaneously further respectively independently in the single shaft. CONSTITUTION:A cage 3 rises in a left up-operation path to reach the uppermost part, when the cage 3 passes through a gate provided in a guide rail, a coupler 11 is detached from a cable 8 by an electric motor or the like with the cage 3 possible to freely move, and the cage 3 is slided on the guide rail 5 and moved to a location of a guide rail 2 for down-operation in the right side. This movement is performed by a motor or the like mounted to the cage 3. When the cage 3 is moved to a right down-operation path from the left up-operation path, the coupler 11 is actuated to connect the cable 8 to the cage 3 in that position, then preparation of down-operation for the cage 3 is completed. The cage 3, which reaches the bottom end, is automatically moved to the left by a guide rail 7 and circulated in a single shaft 1.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (a) Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to an elevator that vertically moves people, cargo, earth and sand, etc. , concerning an elevator suitable for transporting people, etc.

(Ill) Prior Art Conventionally, one cage was moved up and down for each elevator shaft (hereinafter referred to as shaft).

Alternatively, a large number of cages were continuously circulated in two shafts at a constant speed without stopping.

(c) Problems to be Solved by the Invention Conventional elevators have basically moved one cage up and down within one shaft, so the time required for one cage to make one round trip within the shaft is It was not possible to operate at shorter intervals. For this reason, in elevators with long travels such as those used in skyscrapers, it was not possible to shorten the interval between operations for each shaft, resulting in poor transportation efficiency. Furthermore, when a large number of shafts were installed to increase transportation capacity, a so-called synchronization phenomenon occurred in which cages were concentrated on the same floor at almost the same time, resulting in unnecessary operation and increased waiting time.

Another disadvantage was that the required floor space was large.

Conventional track-type elevators accommodate a large number of cages in one shaft, but because of their slow moving speed, they have the drawback of requiring a long time to go up and down in skyscrapers. This is the same drawback that escalators have.

(d) Means for solving the problem: The two shafts of a conventional elevator are used as a set, and one enlarged shaft is provided with a passage exclusively for upward movement and a passage exclusively for downward movement. A moving cable or chain is provided so that the cages on the stand can be moved simultaneously and independently. A switching point is provided for automatically switching the cage to the other passage when the cage reaches the upper end or the lower end using one passage. A switching path will be provided at the switching point. A switching gate is also provided at the upper switching point.

The cage is provided with a coupler that connects and disconnects the cable from the cage. A rack and pinion are provided on the wall and cage as a means of providing power during starting and stopping.

A motor is provided to move the pinion.

The rack is divided into small gaps to prevent the propagation of sound generated during rack and pinion movement.

(f) Operation A cage connected by a coupler to a constantly moving cable is operated independently of other cages.

Since the upward and downward routes are each one-way, a plurality of cages can be operated on each.

When the cage reaches one end of the aisle and moves from one aisle to the other, uncouple the cable from the cage, allowing the cage to move freely, and then Move the coupler to couple the moving cable in the passageway with the cage, making the cage movable again.

The rack that moves the cage is divided into parts, which prevents sound from propagating and allows for quiet operation.

(f) Embodiments The invention will be described in detail according to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a simplified cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a vertical cross-sectional view and (b) is a plan cross-sectional view.

In Figure 1, l is the shaft, 2 is the guide rail of the cage, and 3
4 is a cage, and 4 is a cage 3 that moves on the guide rail 2.
5 is a guide rail that constitutes the upper switching point, 6 is a rotating gate provided on the guide rail 5, 7 is a guide rail that constitutes the lower switching point, 8 is a cage. A movable cable; 9 is a power source for moving the cable; IO is a coupler attached to the side of the cage and formed to be freely coupled and releasable with the cable 9; 11 is a rack firmly fixed to the wall of the shaft; 12 is rack 1 attached to cage 3
1 is a pinion that meshes with the motor 1, 13 is a motor connected to the pinion via a gear, and 14 is a brake attached to the motor 13.

In Figure 1, shaft 1 is a single shaft with a size larger than two normal elevator shafts, and the interior is wide enough for two cages to pass each other. It forms a cage passage.

Two sets of guide rails 2, one for upward movement and one for downward movement, are provided inside the shaft 1. This guide rail 2 is firmly supported by the wall of the shaft 1.

The cage 3 is provided with at least eight idle rollers 4, which move on guide rails 2, on the top, bottom, left and right sides of the cage 3.

Although three cages are shown in FIG. 1 inside the shaft 1, this number can be increased or decreased depending on the required transport capacity.

A guide rail 5 is provided at the upper end of the guide rail 2 and forms a switching point.

The guide rail 5 is provided with a gate 6 that can be opened and closed by electric or hydraulic power, and before the cage 3 reaches the top, it rotates to the position indicated by the dotted line in Fig. 1 and the guide roller 4 moves to this point. allow free passage through.

When all the guide rollers 4 of the cage 3 have passed through this gate 6 and the cage 3 reaches the top, the gate 6 rotates and returns to the position shown by the solid line, and the guide roller 4 can no longer pass through the original path. .

Assuming that the cage 3 ascends the upward path on the left and reaches the top on the diagram of the younger brother 1, when the cage 3 finishes passing through the gate 6 and the gate 6 is at the position of the solid line, the coupler 11 is powered by an electric or other power source. The cage 3 is separated from the cable 8 by the cable 8 and can move freely. The cage 3 then moves along the guide rail 5 on the right side of the descending guide rail 2. This movement may be performed by a motor attached to the cage 3, or the cage 3 may be moved from the outside. It may be pushed by power. Alternatively, the guide rail 5 may be formed downward to the right and moved by gravity.

When the cage 3 moves from the left ascending path to the right descending path, the coupler 11 moves to couple the cable 8 and the cage 3 at that position. In this way, the lower *S of the cage 3 is arranged.

In this state, the gate 6 is opened and the cage 3 can now descend through the guide rail 2 on the descending path.

The cage 3 that has completed its upward movement in this manner is automatically guided to the downward path and begins its downward movement.

The cage 3 that has reached the lower end is now moved to the left by the guide rail 7 and automatically enters the upward path. Movement in this case is the same as when entering a downward path from an upward path, and is performed by electric power or the like.

The cable 8 is powered by a power source 9 on top. This power source is the same as that of a conventional elevator.

The coupler 11 is disconnected from the operating cable 8 when at the switching point 5 or 7 at the upper end of the upward path and the lower end of the downward path.

In this way, in the present invention, when the car 3 goes up and down, it passes through a passageway exclusively for going up and a passage only for going down. Three or more cages 3 can be operated with a floor space equivalent to two shafts.

The cable 8 is formed into an endless ring shape,
It is constantly moved in a constant direction at a constant speed by a power source 9.

The cage 3 is coupled to the cable 8 by a coupler IO and moves upwards or downwards at the same speed as the cable 8. At this time, the pinion i2 engaged with the rack 11 is rotating, and therefore the motor 13 is also idling.

When the car 3 stops for passengers to get on and off, the coupler lO
is separated from the cable 8.

At this time, if the cage 3 suddenly stops, it will give an unpleasant feeling to the passengers, so at the same time as the coupler lO separates from the cable 8, electricity is sent to the motor 13 to send the cage 3 upward during the upward movement. While adjusting the speed, the cage 3 gradually slows down and when it comes to a standstill, the motor 13 is stopped by the brake 14, and the pinion 12 also stops, and the cage 3 is moved to the rack 11 by the stopped pinion 12.
Stop at one point above.

In order to keep the cage 3 stationary when the cage 3 is moving downward, the coupler 10 is accelerated downward by gravity from the time the cable 8 is released, so in order to prevent this from happening, the motor 13 is used to move the cage 3 upward by a force slightly greater than the weight of the cage 3. The cage 3 is gradually brought to a standstill by applying an upward force, and when it comes to a standstill, the cage 3 is stopped by the brake I4.

Since it is the rack 11 and pinion 12 that support the braised gyuto at this time, mechanically strong materials are naturally used for these.

Instead of applying upward force by the motor 13, it is also possible to gradually stop the vehicle by using the braking force of the brake 14.

When moving the stationary cage 3 while ascending and connecting it to the cable 8, move it gradually so as not to cause sudden acceleration at startup and cause discomfort to the passengers, or to give a shock to the coupler lO and the power source 9. Need to accelerate. Normally, the time required for this acceleration is about 1 to 3 seconds.

This is done by accelerating the cage 3 by the motor 13 for a few seconds so that when it approaches the speed of the cable 8 it is coupled to the cable 8 by the coupler 10.

At this time, the output of the motor 13 needs to be large, but since it operates at the rated value for a short time, a relatively small motor 13 can achieve the desired purpose.

Of course, the motor 13 can be operated without the help of the cable 8 and the power source 9.
Although it is possible to raise the cage 3 continuously using just the force of , the motor i3 must be used at its continuous rating at this time, so this is not recommended unless the speed of the cage 3 can be slow.

Instead of starting with the force of the motor 13, the coupler 10 can have a buffering effect to soften the impact during acceleration.

FIG. 2 shows an example of such a coupler.

In Figure 2, (a) is a side view and (b) is a plan view, 15 is a coupling joint that firmly grips the cable 8 to prevent it from slipping, and 16 is a guide groove that allows the coupling joint to slide up and down. It is fixed on the side of 3. 17 is a cable connected to the coupling joint 15, 18 is a wheel for guiding the cable 17, and 19 is a spring that applies tension to the cable 17.

The coupling joint 15 in the guide groove 16 on the side of the cage 3 is constantly pulled by the cable 17, and normally the guide groove 1
It is located at the lower position of 6, on the side of the wheel 18, as shown by the solid line in FIG.

If the coupling joint 15 of the cage 3, which is now stationary, grabs the cable 8 which is moving upward, the cage 3 cannot suddenly move due to its mass, so 1. Only the coupling joint 15 begins to move upwards. Then, the cable 17 is pulled out against the force of the spring 19.

If the tension of the spring 19 is now left greater than the weight of the cage 3, the cage 3 will receive an upward force greater than its weight via the cable 17, and the cage 3 will begin to move upward. The magnitude of the acceleration at this time is determined by how the tension of the spring 19 is selected. When transporting a load, the acceleration may be large, so this tension is equal to 1.0% of the weight of the cage 3.
2 to 1.6 times would be sufficient. 1 if carrying a human
．． 1 to 1.2 times is appropriate.

The cable 17 continues to stretch until the speed of the cage 3, which has started moving upward, becomes equal to the speed of the cable 8. The growth stops when the velocities become equal.

This point is shown by the dotted line in Figure 2. At this point, the cable 17 is stretched, so acceleration continues to be applied to the cage 3.
The speed of the cage 3 becomes faster than the speed of the cable 8, and the cable 17 begins to shrink. Then, when the coupling joint 15 is in its original position, that is, at the new position just before the wheel 18, where the cable 17 is the most compressed, the upward speed of the cage 3 is maximum, and now the cage 3 is Since the cable 8 is faster than the cable 8, the coupling joint 15 moves below the center of the guide groove, and the cage 3 is decelerated by the cable 17.

That is, the speed of the cage 3 is in an oscillating state around the speed of the cable 8. This state will continue as long as there is no loss in the system. That is, the speed of the cage 3 oscillates between O and 2υ with the speed of the cable 8 being υ. Since this is inconvenient, braking is applied by the motor 13. That is, after the speed of the cage 3 slightly exceeds υ, the motor 13 causes the speed of the cage 3 to maintain a value slightly exceeding υ for a while.

The speed of the cage 3 is made equal to the speed υ of the cable 8 when the length of the cable 17 is shrunk to the minimum position.

This is shown in FIG.

In FIG. 3(a), the time t is plotted on the X-axis, and the elongation e of the cable 17 is plotted on the Y-axis, and in FIG. 3(b), the time t is plotted on the X-axis, and the speed of the cage 3 is plotted on the Y-axis. υ indicates the speed of the cable 8. The time axes are aligned at a and b.

As shown in FIG. 3, the energy stored in the spring 19 is gradually expended by the braking action of the motor 13 to prevent vibrations in the speed of the cage 3.

To couple this, the speed of the cage 3 is detected and the motor 3
control the braking force.

This is possible in a known manner.

A mainspring is suitable for the spring 19.

The above describes two methods when the cage 3 starts moving upward from a stopped state, namely, the method using the motor 13 and the method using the joint operation of the buffer type coupler 10 and the motor 13.

Next, I will explain how to start moving downward.

At this time, when the brake 14 is released while the coupler 10 and the cable 8 are separated, the cage 3 is subjected to downward acceleration due to gravity. In this state, a sudden start will occur, causing discomfort to the passengers, so the motor 13 applies an upward force slightly smaller than the car's own weight to the cage 3, reducing the acceleration due to gravity and gradually moving it downward. Make it accelerate. The downward speed of the cage 3 is made to be approximately the same as the speed of the cable 8 for about 1 to 2 seconds, and at that point the cable 8 is gripped by the coupler 10. Thereafter, it travels downward at the speed of cable 8.

It is also possible to adjust the speed to be gradually accelerated by the braking force of the brake 14 instead of the motor 13.

In both the case of the motor 13 and the brake t4, the speed or acceleration is detected by a speed sensor or an acceleration sensor, and the motor 13 and the brake 14 are controlled.

In the above explanation, cable 8 is used to transmit power to cage 3.
However, an endless chain may be used instead of a cable.

When the vertical transport distance is changed, such as when transporting earth and sand at a civil engineering site, chains are recommended because the length can be adjusted more easily.

The rack 11 in Fig. 1 is strongly supported by a wall, but in order to prevent the noise generated when the pinion rotates from being transmitted up and down the rack, a rack is installed as shown in Fig. 4! 1 is divided into sections of appropriate length in the vertical direction, for example, every few meters. FIG. 4 shows the divided parts. In FIG. 4, 20 is a cushioning material sandwiched between the two racks 11.

Two racks 11 divided as shown in FIG.
A cushioning material made of plastic, rubber, or the like and having a thickness of several millimeters is inserted between the two.

By doing this, the rack will prevent the noise from traveling far and becoming noisy. Furthermore, the problem of expansion and contraction due to temperature differences in summer and winter can also be avoided.

(G) Effects of the Invention The present invention is applied to an elevator, etc., in which an upward path and a downward path for elevator cars are exclusively provided, and a plurality of cars are circulated in these two paths, and the following effects can be achieved. Demonstrate.

(L) A large number of cages can be operated in conjunction with a single drive system that is separated from cables or chains and a power source, increasing the transportation efficiency of elevators and the like.

(2) It is possible to eliminate the discomfort caused by sudden acceleration and deceleration when starting and stopping.

(3) Since no impulse is applied to the cable, chain, or cage when starting or stopping, the incidence of failure is reduced and long-term safe operation is possible.

(4) The motor attached to the cage can be a small motor with a short-time rating.

(5) Reduces noise from racks for quiet operation.

(6> By using a chain, the operating height of a mobile elevator can be easily adjusted.

As described above, the present invention produces many effects and has great economic effects.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present invention, in which (a) is a vertical sectional view;
(b) is a plan sectional view, FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the coupler of the present invention, (a) is a side view, (b) is a plan view, and FIG. FIG. 4, which is a diagram showing the relationship between speeds, is a side view of a divided portion of the sound deadening rack. 1... Shaft 3... Cage 8... Cable 9... Power source lO... Coupler 11... Rack 12... Pinion 13... Motor 14... Brake 15...・Joining joint 17...cable 19...spring 20...buffer material

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) A shaft having a pair of cage passages exclusively for ascending and exclusively for descending that are connected to each other, a plurality of cages provided in the cage passages, an endless ring-shaped moving means, and the moving means a power source for driving the cage in a certain direction; a coupler provided on the cage and configured to be freely coupled and releasable with the moving means for moving the cage; and a rack fixed to the wall of the shaft. An elevator comprising: a pinion that engages with the rack and is provided on the cage; a motor that rotationally drives the pinion; and a brake that is attached to the motor. (2) The elevator according to claim 1, wherein the rack is divided into a plurality of parts, and a cushioning material is inserted into the divided parts. (3) A shaft having a pair of cage passages exclusively for ascending and exclusively for descending that are connected to each other, a plurality of cages provided in the cage passages, an endless ring-shaped moving means, and the moving means a power source that drives the cage in a certain direction; and a coupler provided on the cage and configured to be freely coupled and releasable with the moving means to move the cage, the coupler being provided on the moving means. What is claimed is: 1. An elevator comprising: a coupling joint for gripping the coupling joint; a cable having one end connected to the coupling joint; and a spring means connected to the other end of the cable and applying tension to the cable. (4) The elevator according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the moving means comprises a cable or a chain.