【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]
本発明はパークロルエチレン等の有機溶剤を使
用するドライクリーニング機械において、被洗物
から洗浄液を除去する脱液方法の改良に関するも
のである。
第１図を用いて、ドライクリーニング工程を概
説する。先ずドア１から衣料２を投入し、ドア１
を閉じて運転を開始すると、一般には次の順序で
工程が進行する。
溶剤タンク３から溶剤４を、バルブ５を介し
てポンプ６で汲揚げ、バルブ７、フイルタ８か
ら成る経路またはバルブ９から成る経路によつ
て、処理槽１０に溶剤４を必要量送り込む。
処理ドラム１１をゆつくり回し、溶剤４を処
理槽１０、ボタントラツプ１２、バルブ１３、
ポンプ６、バルブ７、フイルタ８、またはバル
ブ９から成る回路で循環して、衣料２を洗浄す
る。
処理槽１０、ボタントラツプ１２、バルブ１
３、ポンプ６、バルブ１４、蒸留器１５の径路
で排液し、つづいて処理ドラム１１が高速回転
して衣料２中の溶剤４を遠心分離し、同様に排
液する。
前記項、項の工程をくりかえす。
処理槽１０、ボタントラツプ１２、バルブ１
３、バルブ５の経路で溶剤タンク３に排液し、
つづいて処理ドラム１１が高速回転して衣料２
中の溶剤４を遠心分離し、排液する。
再び処理ドラム１１をゆつくり回し、フアン
１６、エアクーラ１７、エアヒータ１８から成
るリカバリエアダクト１９と、処理槽１０の間
を矢印２０の向きでエアを循環し、衣料２を乾
燥する。衣料２から蒸発した溶剤ガスは、エア
クーラ１７で凝縮し、回収経路２１を経て水分
離器２２に入り、溶剤配管２３を通つてクリン
タンク２４に入る。
乾燥が終了すると、ダンパ２５，２６が破線
の如く開き、ダンパ２５から新鮮な空気をとり
入れて、ダンパ２６からエアクーラ１７では回
収できない未凝縮溶剤ガスを排気し、衣料２中
の溶剤臭を脱臭する。
前記項の工程で蒸留器１５に入つた溶剤４
は、蒸発してコンデンサ２７で凝縮回収され、
水分離器２２、溶剤配管２３を通つてクリンタ
ンク２４に入り、オーバフロー付仕切板２８か
ら、溶剤タンク３に戻る。なお、水分離器２２
で分離した水は、水配管２９によつて系外へ排
出する。
次に脱液方法について詳細に説明する。先ず前
記項において処理ドラム１１を高速回転する
と、溶剤４を多量に含んだ衣料２は、遠心力の作
用により処理ドラム１１内周部に押付けられ、固
定される。次いで衣料２中に含まれる溶剤４が
次々に分離される。
溶剤４の衣料２からの分離量は、処理ドラム１
１の回転数、直径、回転時間により決定されるの
が、経済的理由により平均的には50％程度（衣料
重量に対する残留溶剤量比率で残液率と称す）と
なつているのが一般的である。処理量により異る
が１回転の処理に数点〜数拾点の衣料が処理され
ており、脱液後の衣料を詳細に点検すると、処理
ドラム内に押付けられた位置により残液率が大巾
に異る。
即ち、処理ドラム１１の外周は、第２図に示す
如く溶剤除去を容易にするため多孔板で構成され
ており、脱液中の衣料２に含まれる溶剤４は遠心
力の作用により、第３図の矢印で示される如く衣
料２中を移動し、処理ドラム１１の穴より除去さ
れる。従つて処理ドラムに近い衣料程残液率が大
きくなる。特に処理ドラム１１に接触している部
分の内、穴のない個所に接触している部分はドラ
ム壁に妨害されて残液率が大きくなる。
そのため平均的には50％程度の残液率でも、衣
料１点１点を見ると、処理ドラムに近い位置で脱
液された衣料は、残液率70〜100％と異常に大き
い残液率となることがあり、溶剤含有量の多い衣
料が、次の乾燥工程で乾燥されることになる。乾
燥工程での衣料２からの溶剤の蒸発は、溶剤含有
量の少ない薄地部分が優先され、同薄地部分の溶
剤がなくなると、滲透現象によつて蒸発のおくれ
ている厚地部分の溶剤が薄地部分に移動し、薄地
部分で蒸発して乾燥される。
従つて蒸発の早い薄地部分では、多くの溶剤が
蒸発したことになる。溶剤中には衣料２中より除
去した汚れ成分、および洗浄力向上のため、洗浄
工程で添加した洗剤成分が溶解しているため、こ
れらが薄地部分に残渣として残留し、地図状のシ
ミとなる、所謂輪じみが発生する。輪じみは背広
の裏地等に多く発生し、商品価値を著しく低下さ
せるが、前記の理由から残液率の大きい衣料程顕
著である。また残液率は、脱液時の衣料位置によ
り大巾に異るため、輪じみが予想しない所に発生
し、ドライクリーニング業者からその防止を強く
要求されていた。
本発明は前記従来の欠点を解消するために提案
されたもので、脱液のため処理ドラムを高速回転
させた時、衣料が処理ドラム内の同一場所で最後
まで脱液されることのないように、脱液のための
高速回転、排液或いは乾燥工程におけるドラム回
転速度と同等で被洗物がドラム内で落下し得る低
速回転を繰返して脱液することにより、異常に残
液率の大きい衣料をなくすことができ、それによ
り乾燥時衣料中に含まれる溶剤量（汚れ成分、洗
剤成分含有）過多による輪じみ発生を防止するこ
とができるドライクリーニング機における脱液方
法を提供せんとするものである。
以下本発明の実施例を図面について説明する
と、ここでは従来法との相違で説明する。第４図
イ，ロに脱液工程中の処理ドラム１１の回転数を
従来法との比較で示す。従来法では脱液工程中処
理ドラム１１は連続で高速回転するが、本発明方
式では高速回転、低速回転を繰返す。
処理ドラム１１を高速回転すると、前述の如く
衣料２の遠心力作用により処理ドラム１１の多孔
板上の任意の位置に押付けられ、衣料２中の溶剤
は多孔板の孔から排出される。次に処理ドラム１
１は低速回転に移り、遠心力の減少により衣料２
は処理ドラム１１内に落下する。
この低速回転は第４図ロに示す如く、排液或い
は乾燥工程における処理ドラム回転数と同等であ
る。
次に処理ドラム１１を再び高速回転させ、処理
ドラム１１上に落下した衣料２を再び多孔板上に
押付け脱液する。衣料２中の同一衣料が多孔板上
の同一位置に押付けられることは極めてまれで、
確率的に別の場所に押付けられるのが一般的であ
る。従つて残液率の大きい多孔板に接触した位置
のみで脱液される衣料がほとんどなくなる。
第５図に30cm×30cmの厚地羊毛と、薄地キユプ
ラを縫合せたテスト布30枚を衣料と共に従来の２
分連続脱液と、本方式による0.5分４回繰返し脱
液をした場合のテスト布の残液率を示す。同図よ
り本方式によれば、残液率の異常に大きいものが
皆無となるばかりでなく、平均残液率も大巾に改
善される。前記テスト布での輪じみ発生数を第１
表に示すと、第１表より輪じみ防止効果も顕著で
ある。また残留溶剤量が少ないため、次工程乾燥
所要時間、乾燥エネルギーを大巾に節減できる大
きなメリツトがある。
The present invention relates to an improvement in a method for removing cleaning liquid from items to be washed in dry cleaning machines that use organic solvents such as perchlorethylene. The dry cleaning process will be outlined using FIG. First, put clothing 2 through door 1, and then put clothing 2 through door 1.
After closing and starting operation, the steps generally proceed in the following order. The solvent 4 is pumped up from the solvent tank 3 through the valve 5 by the pump 6, and the required amount of the solvent 4 is sent into the processing tank 10 through the path consisting of the valve 7 and the filter 8 or the path consisting of the valve 9. Gently rotate the processing drum 11 and pour the solvent 4 into the processing tank 10, button trap 12, valve 13,
Clothes 2 are washed by circulation through a circuit consisting of pump 6, valve 7, filter 8, or valve 9. Processing tank 10, button trap 12, valve 1
3, the liquid is drained through the path of the pump 6, the valve 14, and the distiller 15, and then the processing drum 11 rotates at high speed to centrifugally separate the solvent 4 in the clothing 2, and the liquid is drained in the same way. Repeat the steps in the above sections. Processing tank 10, button trap 12, valve 1
3. Drain the liquid into the solvent tank 3 through the route of the valve 5,
Subsequently, the processing drum 11 rotates at high speed to remove the clothing 2.
The solvent 4 inside is centrifuged and drained. The processing drum 11 is slowly rotated again, and air is circulated in the direction of the arrow 20 between the recovery air duct 19 consisting of the fan 16, the air cooler 17, and the air heater 18 and the processing tank 10, thereby drying the clothes 2. The solvent gas evaporated from the clothing 2 is condensed in the air cooler 17, enters the water separator 22 through the recovery path 21, and enters the clean tank 24 through the solvent pipe 23. When drying is completed, the dampers 25 and 26 open as shown by the broken lines, fresh air is taken in from the damper 25, and uncondensed solvent gas that cannot be recovered by the air cooler 17 is exhausted from the damper 26, thereby deodorizing the solvent odor in the clothing 2. . The solvent 4 that entered the distiller 15 in the process of the previous section
is evaporated and condensed and recovered in the condenser 27,
It enters the clean tank 24 through the water separator 22 and the solvent pipe 23, and returns to the solvent tank 3 through the overflow partition plate 28. In addition, the water separator 22
The separated water is discharged to the outside of the system through a water pipe 29. Next, the liquid removal method will be explained in detail. First, as described in the above section, when the processing drum 11 is rotated at high speed, the clothing 2 containing a large amount of the solvent 4 is pressed against the inner peripheral part of the processing drum 11 by the action of centrifugal force and is fixed. Next, the solvent 4 contained in the clothing 2 is separated one after another. The amount of solvent 4 separated from clothing 2 is
It is determined by the rotation speed, diameter, and rotation time of 1, but for economic reasons, it is generally about 50% on average (the ratio of the amount of residual solvent to the weight of clothing, referred to as the residual liquid rate). It is. Depending on the amount of processing, several to several items of clothing are processed in one rotation, and when the clothing is inspected in detail after the liquid has been removed, it is found that the percentage of remaining liquid is large depending on the position pressed inside the processing drum. Different in width. That is, the outer periphery of the processing drum 11 is made of a perforated plate to facilitate the removal of the solvent, as shown in FIG. It moves through the garment 2 as shown by the arrow in the figure and is removed through the hole in the processing drum 11. Therefore, the closer the clothing is to the processing drum, the higher the percentage of remaining liquid will be. Particularly, among the parts that are in contact with the processing drum 11, the parts that are in contact with areas without holes are obstructed by the drum wall and have a large residual liquid ratio. Therefore, even if the residual liquid rate is about 50% on average, if you look at each item of clothing, the residual liquid rate of clothing that has been drained close to the processing drum is abnormally high, at 70 to 100%. This may result in clothing with a high solvent content being dried in the next drying process. During the drying process, solvent evaporation from the clothing 2 is prioritized in the thin fabric part with a low solvent content, and when the solvent in the thin fabric part runs out, the solvent in the thick fabric part, where evaporation is delayed due to the seepage phenomenon, is transferred to the thin fabric part. evaporated and dried in the thin areas. Therefore, a large amount of solvent evaporated in thin areas where evaporation occurs quickly. The dirt components removed from clothing 2 and the detergent components added during the cleaning process to improve cleaning power are dissolved in the solvent, so these remain as residue on thin fabric areas, resulting in map-shaped stains. , so-called ring bleeding occurs. Ring stains often occur on the lining of suits, etc., and significantly reduce the product value, but for the reasons mentioned above, they are more noticeable on clothing with a higher percentage of residual liquid. In addition, since the residual liquid rate varies widely depending on the position of the clothing when removing liquid, bleed-through occurs in unexpected places, and dry cleaning companies have strongly requested that prevention be achieved. The present invention has been proposed to solve the above-mentioned conventional drawbacks, and is designed to prevent clothing from being completely dehydrated at the same location in the processing drum when the processing drum is rotated at high speed to remove liquid. In addition, by repeating high-speed rotation for removing liquid and low-speed rotation that is equivalent to the drum rotation speed in the draining or drying process and allowing the items to be washed to fall in the drum, an abnormally high residual liquid ratio is generated. To provide a method for removing liquid in a dry cleaning machine, which can eliminate the need for clothing and thereby prevent the occurrence of bleeding due to an excessive amount of solvent (containing dirt components and detergent components) contained in clothing during drying. It is. Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings, and differences from the conventional method will be explained here. Figures 4A and 4B show the rotational speed of the processing drum 11 during the dewatering process in comparison with the conventional method. In the conventional method, the processing drum 11 rotates continuously at high speed during the deliquoring process, but in the method of the present invention, high speed rotation and low speed rotation are repeated. When the processing drum 11 is rotated at high speed, the centrifugal force of the clothing 2 presses it against any position on the perforated plate of the processing drum 11 as described above, and the solvent in the clothing 2 is discharged from the holes in the perforated plate. Next, processing drum 1
1 moves to low speed rotation, and clothing 2 changes due to the decrease in centrifugal force.
falls into the processing drum 11. As shown in FIG. 4B, this low speed rotation is equivalent to the processing drum rotation speed in the draining or drying process. Next, the processing drum 11 is rotated at high speed again, and the clothing 2 that has fallen onto the processing drum 11 is again pressed onto the perforated plate to remove liquid. It is extremely rare that the same garment in the garment 2 is pressed to the same position on the perforated plate.
Generally, it is pushed to a different location stochastically. Therefore, almost no clothing is drained only at the position where it contacts the perforated plate, which has a high residual liquid ratio. Figure 5 shows 30 pieces of test cloth sewn together with 30cm x 30cm thick wool and thin Kyupura together with conventional 2-piece cloth.
The percentage of remaining liquid on the test cloth is shown when continuous deliquency is carried out for 1 minute and when dehydration is repeated 4 times for 0.5 minutes using this method. As can be seen from the figure, according to this method, not only is there no abnormally large residual liquid ratio, but also the average residual liquid ratio is greatly improved. The number of ring smear occurrences on the test cloth is the first
As shown in Table 1, the effect of preventing ring bleed is also remarkable. Furthermore, since the amount of residual solvent is small, there is a great advantage that the time required for drying in the next step and the drying energy can be greatly reduced.
【表】
以上の如く本発明は、被洗物の脱液のために多
孔板で構成された円筒形洗濯ドラムの高速回転
と、排液或いは乾燥工程におけるドラム回転速度
と同等で被洗物がドラム内で落下し得る低速回転
を複数回繰返し行なうようにしたので、異常に残
液率の大きい被洗物を無くすことができ、それに
より乾燥時被洗物中に含まれる溶剤量（汚れ成
分、洗剤成分含有）過多による輪じみ発生を防止
することができる。[Table] As described above, the present invention utilizes a high-speed rotation of a cylindrical washing drum composed of a perforated plate for removing fluid from the laundry, and a speed that is equivalent to the rotation speed of the drum in the draining or drying process. By repeating the low-speed rotation multiple times that can cause the drum to fall, it is possible to eliminate items with an abnormally large residual liquid content, thereby reducing the amount of solvent (stain components) contained in the items when drying. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of smudges due to excessive detergent components (containing detergent components).
【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]
第１図は従来のドライクリーニング機のシステ
ム図、第２図は第１図における処理ドラムの側面
図、第３図は同正面図、第４図イ，ロは夫々従来
法と本発明法による脱液工程中の処理ドラムの回
転数を示す説明図、第５図は本発明と従来法での
各種テスト布に対する残液率を示す線図である。
図の主要部分の説明、２……衣料、１１……処
理ドラム。
Fig. 1 is a system diagram of a conventional dry cleaning machine, Fig. 2 is a side view of the processing drum in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is a front view of the same, and Fig. 4 A and B are the conventional method and the method of the present invention, respectively. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing the number of rotations of the processing drum during the liquid removal process, and FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the residual liquid ratio for various test cloths according to the present invention and the conventional method. Explanation of the main parts of the figure, 2...clothing, 11...processing drum.