JPH0357158A - Hydrogen storage electrode for alkaline storage battery - Google Patents
Hydrogen storage electrode for alkaline storage batteryInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0357158A JPH0357158A JP1192979A JP19297989A JPH0357158A JP H0357158 A JPH0357158 A JP H0357158A JP 1192979 A JP1192979 A JP 1192979A JP 19297989 A JP19297989 A JP 19297989A JP H0357158 A JPH0357158 A JP H0357158A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen storage
- alloy
- alkaline
- hydrogen
- storage battery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910001122 Mischmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910004269 CaCu5 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000878 H alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910007966 Li-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910008295 Li—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、アルカリ蓄電池の負極として用いられ、水素
を可逆的に吸蔵、放出する水素吸蔵合金から成るアルカ
リ蓄電池用水素吸蔵電極に関する，
〔従来の技術〕
従来、各種の電気又は電子応用機器の電源と１
３
してアルカリ蓄電池が広く用いられている。該アルカリ
蓄電池のうち、最も広く使用されているのは、ニッケル
ーカドミウム蓄電池であるが、更に、高エネルギー密度
を有し、無公害の新しい二次電池として、最近、水素を
可及的に吸蔵、放出する水素吸蔵合金を負極として用い
るアルカリ蓄電池が開発されている．この水素吸蔵合金
は、カドミウムと同じ取り扱いで電池の＠極として楕成
でき、実際の放電可能な容量密度をカドミウムよりも大
きくできることから、高エネルギー密度で無公害のアル
カリ蓄電池として有望である．この種の水素吸蔵合金電
極として、ＬａＮ＋ｓ合金、ＬａＮ＋２ＣＯｓ合金など
の水素吸蔵合金を用いたものは公知である．
〔発明が解決しようとする課題〕
上記の合金を水素吸蔵合金をアルカリ蓄電池の負極とし
て用いた場合、サイクル寿命が短い欠点がある．
〔課題を解決するための手段〕
本発明は、力ｈる上記従来のアルカリＷ電池用水索吸蔵
電極を改善（、サイクル寿命の著しく増大したアルカリ
蓄電池用水素吸蔵電極を提供するもので、一般式Ｈｆｆ
ｉＮｉ． Ｃｏｂ Ａ． Ｂ．＋ （但し、Ｍｎはミ
ッシュメタル、Ａは＾１、Ｓｉ及びＣｒから成る群より
撰ばれた少なくとも一種、ＢはＷ及びＧｅから成る群よ
り撰ばれた少なくとも一種、且つ４．５≦ａ＋ｂ＋ｃ＋
ｄ≦５．５、０＜ｃ≦１、０＜ｄ≦Ｏ、５）で表される
水素吸蔵合金から戊る．上記の構成の水素吸蔵合金電極
をアルカリ蓄電池の負極として用いるときは、合金腐食
による特性劣化か小さく、サイクル寿命の長いアルカリ
蓄電池をもたらす。[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a hydrogen storage electrode for an alkaline storage battery, which is used as a negative electrode of an alkaline storage battery and is made of a hydrogen storage alloy that reversibly stores and releases hydrogen. [Technology] Conventionally, alkaline storage batteries have been widely used as power sources for various electrical or electronic applied devices. Among these alkaline storage batteries, the most widely used is the nickel-cadmium storage battery, but recently, as a new secondary battery that has high energy density and is non-polluting, it has been developed to absorb as much hydrogen as possible. Alkaline storage batteries have been developed that use hydrogen-absorbing alloys as negative electrodes. This hydrogen-absorbing alloy can be used in the same way as cadmium to form an ellipsoid as the @ electrode of a battery, and the actual dischargeable capacity density can be made larger than that of cadmium, making it promising as a high-energy-density, pollution-free alkaline storage battery. As this type of hydrogen storage alloy electrode, electrodes using hydrogen storage alloys such as LaN+s alloy and LaN+2COs alloy are known. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] When the above hydrogen storage alloy is used as the negative electrode of an alkaline storage battery, there is a drawback that the cycle life is short. [Means for Solving the Problems] The present invention provides a hydrogen storage electrode for alkaline storage batteries that improves the above-mentioned conventional water storage electrode for alkaline W batteries and has a significantly increased cycle life. Hff
iNi. Cob A. B. + (However, Mn is misch metal, A is ^1, at least one selected from the group consisting of Si and Cr, B is at least one selected from the group consisting of W and Ge, and 4.5≦a+b+c+
d≦5.5, 0<c≦1, 0<d≦O, 5). When the hydrogen storage alloy electrode having the above structure is used as a negative electrode of an alkaline storage battery, an alkaline storage battery with a long cycle life and less property deterioration due to alloy corrosion is produced.
次に、本発明の実施例につき説明する．市販のｔｕｇ（
例えば、Ｌａ：３０重量％、Ｃｅ：４５重量％、Ｎｄ：
１５重量％、Ｐｒ：５重量％他） Ｎｉ．Ｃｏの他に、
Ａ１とＷを撰択し、下記第１表に列挙する夫々の組成成
分と組戒比で夫々秤量、配合し、次でアルゴンアーク溶
解炉で加熱溶融して１１種類の合金を得た．これらの合
金を夫々機械的に３２μｍ以下に粉砕し、夫々の組戊或
分と原子数比をもつ各種組或の１１種類の水素吸蔵合金
粉末を得た．これら１１種類の合金粉末の夫々について
、導電材として旧粉を２０重量％、結着剤としてフッ素
樹脂粉末を５重量％添加し、混合してフッ素樹脂繊維化
させた後、粉砕して得られた各混合物を、ニッゲル金網
上に均一な厚さに積層し、ｉｔ／ａＪで加圧或形し、夫
々の水素吸蔵合金電極板を作製した．このようにして得
られた１１種類の水素吸蔵合金電極板の夫々を負極とし
、これに放電容量が１０００１ＩＡＨの公知の焼結式ニ
ッケル電極板を正極として組み合わせ、アルカリ電解液
として水酸化カリウム水溶液を用いて１１種類の密閉型
セルＮＯ１〜ｌｌＱ１１を作製した。Next, examples of the present invention will be explained. Commercially available tug (
For example, La: 30% by weight, Ce: 45% by weight, Nd:
15% by weight, Pr: 5% by weight, etc.) Ni. In addition to Co.
A1 and W were selected, weighed and blended according to the respective composition components and composition ratios listed in Table 1 below, and then heated and melted in an argon arc melting furnace to obtain 11 types of alloys. Each of these alloys was mechanically crushed to a size of 32 μm or less to obtain 11 types of hydrogen-absorbing alloy powders with various compositions and atomic ratios. For each of these 11 types of alloy powder, 20% by weight of the old powder as a conductive material and 5% by weight of fluororesin powder as a binder were added, mixed to form fluororesin fibers, and then crushed. Each of the mixtures was layered to a uniform thickness on a Niggel wire mesh, and pressed and shaped at it/aJ to produce each hydrogen storage alloy electrode plate. Each of the 11 types of hydrogen storage alloy electrode plates obtained in this way was used as a negative electrode, and a known sintered nickel electrode plate with a discharge capacity of 10001 IAH was combined as a positive electrode, and a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution was added as an alkaline electrolyte. Using this method, 11 types of closed cells NO1 to 11Q11 were produced.
これらのセルＮＱ１〜Ｎ０１１につき、０．２０の電流
で６時間充電した後、０，５Ｃの電流でセル電圧が１．
ＯＶになるまで放電するという条件で充放電サイクル試
験を行い、初期容量の６０％までの低下で寿命とするサ
イクル寿命を調べた，セルＮＱ１〜Ｎｌｌ１１の各セル
の初期の放電容量（ ｎＡＨ／１）とサイクル寿命（回
冫を下記第１表に示す．第１表
これから明らかなように、セルＮＱ６〜馳９のサイクル
寿命は２００回以上であったに対し、従来の組成をもつ
水素合金１Ｋ極を使・用したセル社！及びＮＱ２は、そ
のサイクル寿命は僅か２０及び３０と著しく短い．又、
比較用の組或をもつ電極を用いたセルｌｌＱ３、馳４、
噛５、馳１０及び馳１１の夫々のサイクル寿命は、従来
のセルｌ１ｌｌ１及びＮＱ２よりは長いが、本発明の電
極を用いたセルね６〜ＮＱ９よりは著しく短いことが分
かる．即ち、本発明のセルＮＱ６〜隠９を対照セルＮα
３、ＮＱ４及びＮａ５と対比し明らかなように、Ｈｌｌ
−Ｎｉ−Ｃｏ−＾＋−Ｗの５成分系の水素吸蔵合金から
成るｔｉを用いたセルｌＩＧ６〜ＮＱ９は、サイクル寿
命の著しい延長が得られるに対し、＾１又はＷのいずれ
か１つの成分を欠いたＨａ−Ｌｉ−Ｃｏから或る３或分
又はＨｌ−Ｌｉ−Ｃｏ−ＡＩ又はＨＩＩ−Ｌｉ−Ｃｏ−
１４から戒る４ｒＩｊ．分から成る水素吸蔵合金電極を
用いた対照セルＮＱ ３、ね４及びＮＱ５は、そのサイ
クル寿命の著しい改善は見られないことが分かる．更に
、これら上記の５成分系の水素吸蔵合金電極であっても
、その組成式Ｍａｘｉ． Ｃｏｂ Ａｔ。Ｗ４において
、そのＣの値が１を越える場合（対照セルｋｌｏ） 、
或いは、そのｄの値が０．５を越える場合（対照セルＮ
Ｑ１１）は、サイクル寿命及び放電容量が低下すること
が分かる。即ち、セル：Ｎｏ． ｂ〜Ｎｏ． ９から明
らかなように、Ｃの値がＯくｃ≦１、ｄの値がＯｄｄ≦
０，５の範囲においてサイクル寿命の著しい改善が得ら
れることが分かる、
尚、長期に夏る多くの試験研究の結果、＾１に代えてＳ
ｉ及びＣｒを使用し’ｒｔＡ＋と同様の効果を得られる
ことが分かった，
又 Ｗに代えてＧｅを欧用しても同様の効果が得られる
ことが汁かった．
従って、本発明において＾１、Ｓｉ．Ｃｒｌ総括した群
をＡで表示し、ＷとＧｅを総括した群をＢで表示すると
、本発明の水素吸蔵合金から成る電極として優れた、特
に、サイクル寿命の著しい向上を得る７ｋ素吸蔵合金は
，一般式Ｈｉｌｌ． ＣＯｂＡゆＢｖの一般式で表され
、この場合、そのＡは旧、Ｓｉ及びＣ『から成る群から
撰ばれた少なくとも一種であり、ＢはＷ及び６ｅから或
る群から撰ばれた少なくとも一種であり、Ｃの値は０く
Ｃ≦１、ｄの値はＯ＜ｄ≦０．５の範囲であると特定さ
れる。更に、本発明の上記組成の水素吸蔵合金につき検
討してみた所、前記の一般式旧Ｎｉ． Ｃｏｂ ＡｅＢ
ａで示される合金は、ＣａＣｕ５ｕの六方品構造を持ち
、この六方晶′＃１遣を持つ合金では化学量論的にＣＯ
ｓ （但し、Ｃは上記組成式でＨＩ１を、又、ＤはＮ
ｉ−Ｃｏ−Ａ−ｂ合金を表す）から若干ずれた組成で
も六方晶構造を維持するが、Ｄの組成比が±１０％より
大きくずれるとこの構造を保てず、水素吸蔵合金として
の特性が損なわれることが分かった。よって、上記組或
式において、４．５≦ａ＋ｂ＋ｃ刊≦５．５の範囲とす
る必要がある．
〔発明の効果〕
このように本発明によるときは− Ｈｒ＃Ｎ＋． Ｃｏ
ｂＡ．Ｂ．なる一般組成式（但し、Ｍｎはミッシュメタ
ル、Ａは＾１、Ｓｉ及びＣ『から成る群より撰ばれた少
なくとも１７！、ＢはＷ及びＧｅから或る群より撰ばれ
た少なくとも１！！、且つ４．５≦ａ＋ｌ）＋ｃｏｄ≦
５．５ 、Ｏ＜ｃ≦１、０＜ｄ≦０．５）で表される合
金を、アルカリ蓄電池の負極として用いるときは、従来
のＬａＮ ｉ又はｌａＮｉ２Ｃｏ，に比し電池のサイク
ル寿命を著しく向上し得る効果を有ずる．After charging these cells NQ1 to N011 with a current of 0.20 for 6 hours, the cell voltage rose to 1.5C with a current of 0.5C.
A charge/discharge cycle test was conducted under the condition of discharging until OV, and the cycle life was determined as the life when the initial capacity decreased to 60%.The initial discharge capacity of each cell (nAH/1 ) and cycle life (cycles) are shown in Table 1 below.As is clear from Table 1, the cycle life of Cells NQ6 to Has9 was over 200 cycles, while that of hydrogen alloy 1K with the conventional composition. Cellsha! and NQ2, which use poles, have extremely short cycle lives of only 20 and 30.
Cells 11Q3, 14, using electrodes with comparative sets
It can be seen that the cycle lives of cells 5, 10, and 11 are longer than conventional cells 11ll1 and NQ2, but significantly shorter than cells 6 to NQ9 using the electrodes of the present invention. That is, the cells NQ6 to Hidden 9 of the present invention are compared to the control cell Nα
3. As is clear from the comparison with NQ4 and Na5, Hll
Cells lIG6 to NQ9 using ti consisting of a five-component hydrogen storage alloy of -Ni-Co-^+-W have a markedly extended cycle life, whereas cells containing either ^1 or W from Ha-Li-Co lacking or Hl-Li-Co-AI or HII-Li-Co-
4rIj. It can be seen that the control cells NQ 3, NQ 4 and NQ 5, which used hydrogen storage alloy electrodes consisting of 50% hydrogen storage alloy electrodes, showed no significant improvement in their cycle lives. Furthermore, even in these five-component hydrogen storage alloy electrodes, the compositional formula Maxi. Cob At. In W4, if the value of C exceeds 1 (control cell klo),
Or, if the value of d exceeds 0.5 (control cell N
It can be seen that for Q11), the cycle life and discharge capacity decrease. That is, cell: No. b~No. 9, the value of C is O, c≦1, and the value of d is Odd≦
It can be seen that a significant improvement in cycle life can be obtained in the range of 0.5.As a result of many long-term test studies, S
It was found that the same effect as 'rtA+ could be obtained by using i and Cr, and it was also interesting to see that the same effect could be obtained by using Ge instead of W. Therefore, in the present invention, ^1, Si. When the Crl group is indicated by A, and the W and Ge group is indicated by B, the hydrogen storage alloy of the present invention is excellent as an electrode, and in particular, the 7k element storage alloy has a remarkable improvement in cycle life. , general formula Hill. It is represented by the general formula CObAyuBv, in which A is at least one member selected from the group consisting of old, Si, and C, and B is at least one member selected from the group consisting of W and 6e. It is specified that the value of C is in the range of 0 and C≦1, and the value of d is in the range of O<d≦0.5. Furthermore, when we investigated the hydrogen storage alloy of the present invention having the above composition, we found that the above general formula old Ni. Cob AeB
The alloy indicated by a has a hexagonal structure of CaCu5u, and the alloy with this hexagonal structure has a stoichiometric CO
s (However, C is HI1 in the above composition formula, and D is N
Although the hexagonal crystal structure is maintained even if the composition slightly deviates from the i-Co-A-b alloy), if the composition ratio of D deviates by more than ±10%, this structure cannot be maintained and the characteristics as a hydrogen storage alloy are lost. was found to be damaged. Therefore, in the above set formula, it is necessary to set the range of 4.5≦a+b+c publication≦5.5. [Effects of the Invention] As described above, according to the present invention - Hr#N+. Co
bA. B. (where Mn is a misch metal, A is ^1, at least 17 selected from the group consisting of Si and C', B is at least 1 selected from a group consisting of W and Ge), and 4.5≦a+l)+cod≦
5.5, O<c≦1, 0<d≦0.5), when used as the negative electrode of an alkaline storage battery, the cycle life of the battery is significantly increased compared to conventional LaNi or laNi2Co. It has the effect of improving.
Claims (1)
Ｍｎはミッシュメタル、ＡはＡｌ、Ｓｉ及びＣｒから成
る群より撰択された少なくとも１種、ＢはＷ及びＧｅか
ら成る群より撰択された少なくとも１種、且つ４．５≦
ａ＋ｂ＋ｃ＋ｄ≦５．５、０＜ｃ≦１、０＜ｄ≦０．５
）で表される水素吸蔵合金から成るアルカリ蓄電池用水
素吸蔵電極。1. General formula MnNi_aCO_bA_cB_d (however,
Mn is a misch metal, A is at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Si and Cr, B is at least one selected from the group consisting of W and Ge, and 4.5≦
a+b+c+d≦5.5, 0<c≦1, 0<d≦0.5
) A hydrogen storage electrode for alkaline storage batteries made of a hydrogen storage alloy.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1192979A JPH0750605B2 (en) | 1989-07-26 | 1989-07-26 | Hydrogen storage electrode for alkaline storage battery |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1192979A JPH0750605B2 (en) | 1989-07-26 | 1989-07-26 | Hydrogen storage electrode for alkaline storage battery |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0357158A true JPH0357158A (en) | 1991-03-12 |
| JPH0750605B2 JPH0750605B2 (en) | 1995-05-31 |
Family
ID=16300221
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1192979A Expired - Lifetime JPH0750605B2 (en) | 1989-07-26 | 1989-07-26 | Hydrogen storage electrode for alkaline storage battery |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0750605B2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0645003A (en) * | 1992-06-09 | 1994-02-18 | Furukawa Battery Co Ltd:The | Manufacture of sealed storage battery by using hydrogen storage electrode and hydrogen storage alloy for this electrode |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0268856A (en) * | 1988-09-01 | 1990-03-08 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Hydrogen occluded alloy electrode |
| JPH02220356A (en) * | 1989-02-21 | 1990-09-03 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Hydrogen storage alloy electrode for alkaline battery and manufacture thereof |
-
1989
- 1989-07-26 JP JP1192979A patent/JPH0750605B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0268856A (en) * | 1988-09-01 | 1990-03-08 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Hydrogen occluded alloy electrode |
| JPH02220356A (en) * | 1989-02-21 | 1990-09-03 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Hydrogen storage alloy electrode for alkaline battery and manufacture thereof |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0645003A (en) * | 1992-06-09 | 1994-02-18 | Furukawa Battery Co Ltd:The | Manufacture of sealed storage battery by using hydrogen storage electrode and hydrogen storage alloy for this electrode |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0750605B2 (en) | 1995-05-31 |
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