JPH0354327Y2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] The present invention relates to a heating and hot water supply system that effectively utilizes solar heat throughout the year, in which, for example, heating and hot water energy in the winter can be covered by solar heat stored in the summer and intermediate seasons.

The solar systems offered on the market so far are not systems that store solar heat throughout the year.
For this reason, it cannot be said that it is an attempt to make effective use of true solar heat. The purpose of this invention is to provide a system that uses solar heat to store energy for heating and hot water in a house before the winter season. For example, in snowy regions, lifestyles have long been designed to store firewood and charcoal before snowfall and use this as winter fuel.
This old method can ultimately be said to be a way to store solar heat in a different form. This invention is similar to this old method, but instead of the indirect method that used plants and animals as mediators, it provides a device that directly stores solar heat. It is stored in form.

By configuring a thermal device that stores and radiates heat by utilizing latent heat during melting or solidification of a specific substance, the amount of heat stored per unit volume can be increased. Based on this principle, conventionally proposed heat storage devices enclose a heat storage material in a closed container, and exchange heat with a heat transfer fluid such as water or air through the wall of the container. In addition, this type of latent heat storage material that has been proposed so far includes:
CaCl ₂・6H ₂ O, Na ₂ SO ₄・10H ₂ O, Na ₂ S ₂ O ₃・
Hydrated salts such as 5H ₂ O, Na ₂ HPO ₄ −NaH ₂ PO ₄ −
Hydrous phosphate mixtures such as KH ₂ PO ₄ −H ₂ O system,
Examples include organic compounds such as ethylenediamine, and fats and oils such as paraffin and silicone oil.

However, even though it is known in principle that it is advantageous to use such materials to store heat in the form of latent heat, there were several problems in implementing this into a practical device that utilizes solar heat. These problems can be broadly divided into problems of metamorphosis and deterioration of the heat storage material itself, and problems with the structure of the heat storage device. The former transformation and deterioration of the heat storage material can be practically avoided by completely enclosing the heat storage material in the container and avoiding contact with air and water, but in a large heat storage container on a practical scale, it is difficult to maintain good contact with the heat transfer fluid. It is not easy to achieve complete encapsulation while desiring high heat exchange efficiency. In addition, in the case of the latter, it is not easy to construct a large-scale device that can respond responsively to changes in the amount of solar heat received and changes in the amount of heat required to be recovered when recovering stored heat. That's a problem.

Therefore, the purpose of the present invention is to solve these problems while also using energy for heating and hot water supply not only from solar heat at that time, but also from solar heat.
To efficiently store and store heat when using a latent heat storage material so that it can be obtained from solar heat during earlier hotter seasons, to be able to efficiently extract the stored heat, and to generate a large amount of latent heat. Even if a heat storage material is used, the purpose is to ensure that the entire amount undergoes good heat exchange with the heating medium, thereby making it possible to utilize solar heat effectively throughout the year.

The present invention aims to achieve this objective by forming an air circulation path between the pneumatic solar collector and the heat storage tank, and forming a heat transfer path between the heat storage tank and the heating or hot water supply equipment in the building. A heating and hot water supply system using solar heat that stores solar heat before the season when heating is required in the heat storage tank and uses this as a heat source for heating or hot water supply, and is housed in a small container made of a material with good thermal conductivity. A large number of heat storage units are formed by airtightly enclosing a heat storage material that can be melted by air heated by a solar heat collector, and the airflow inside the tank and the heat storage material inside the container generate heat through the walls of each container. The above-mentioned heat storage tank is configured by being replaceably arranged in a three-dimensional direction within the tank, and the air flow in the tank is switched and circulated to the pneumatic solar heat collector or inside the building, and the The present invention is characterized in that a liquid passing coil is disposed within a small container of the heat storage unit.

The heating and hot water supply system using solar heat of the present invention is a combination of an air-type solar collector and a heat storage tank using latent heat, and the heat storage tank using latent heat is an aggregate of a number of heat storage units with a specific shape and structure. 1 at a point
There are two characteristics. First, the heat storage unit according to the present invention will be explained, and then the configuration of the entire device will be explained.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a typical example of a unit heat storage unit for configuring the latent heat storage tank of the present invention. It shows a container for enclosing a heat storage material. In the example of firewood mentioned above, this container is equivalent to one bundle of firewood, and has a volume of about 1 can, which was the unit of fire in the past. In Fig. 1, 1 is a cylindrical case;
An upper lid 2 and a lower lid 2' are airtightly attached to the upper and lower sides of the. A coil 4 is placed in the center of the upper cover 2 and lower cover 2' so as to surround a small cylinder 3 coaxial with the housing 1.
is placed. One end of the coil 4 projects below the housing 1, and the other end projects above the housing 1, and the connection of the coil end to the housing 1 is also kept airtight. A heat storage substance is sealed inside the container constructed in this way, and the housing 1, upper lid 2, lower lid 2', small cylinder 3, etc. that make up this container have good thermal conductivity. It is made by processing a metal plate such as a surface-treated steel plate, so that the heat storage substance sealed therein can perform good heat exchange with the surrounding atmosphere through the container wall.
Synthetic resins or the like can also be used instead of metal materials as long as they have good thermal conductivity. The coil 4 is also made of a material with good thermal conductivity. Reference numeral 5 indicates an inlet for the heat storage material, and numeral 6 indicates an outlet for the heat storage material, and after filling the heat storage material, the inlet 5 and the outlet 6 are kept blind. In this way, a container for enclosing the heat storage material is formed, and a passage for flowing the heat transfer fluid, that is, a small cylinder 3 and a coil 4, are formed in this container. As will be described later, the small cylinder 3 is used as a passage for a gas such as air, and the coil 4 is used as a passage for a liquid such as water. The heat storage unit shown in this figure is substantially symmetrical vertically and horizontally, and appears to have the same shape even if the illustrated position is turned upside down. The outlet of the small cylinder 3' in the heat storage unit is aligned with and connected to the inlet of the small cylinder 3 shown by the solid line, and similarly the outlet and inlet of the coil 4 are connected by piping.

Figure 2 shows a state in which eight heat storage units in Figure 1 are combined to form one unit of heat storage tank, and Figure 3 shows a state in which one unit of heat storage tank made up of these eight heat storage units is further assembled. are shown diagrammatically.

As shown in Figure 2, one unit of heat storage tank consists of four vertical hollow pipes a to d assembled at the four corners of a rectangle, and these hollow pipes a to b, b to c, and c.
In a framework consisting of four vertical hollow pipes I to D placed on the center sides between ~d and d~a, and one vertical hollow pipe CP located in the center,
It is constructed by housing eight heat storage units in two stages. Among these hollow pipes, the peripheral ones except for the central pipe CP are shared with the adjacent tanks when one unit of heat storage tanks is assembled next to each other.

This state is as shown in the planar arrangement of Fig. 3.
Corner pipes a to d in unit heat storage tank (Ui)
is shared as a corner pipe of adjacent unit heat storage tanks in a certain direction (up and down direction of the paper in the figure),
In a certain direction (in the figure, the horizontal direction on the paper surface), it is commonly used as a side pipe of adjacent unit heat storage tanks. And all of these pipes (a-d, i-d, CP)
In addition to serving as a support for assembling and fixing the heat storage unit, it also serves as a heat medium pipe for connecting the coils 4 (Fig. 1) arranged inside each heat storage unit to each other and circulating the heat medium liquid. It is designed to function as In each unit heat storage tank, each pipe is positioned relative to each other using a total of three horizontal support plates 7 (top, middle, and bottom) as shown in FIG. Eight heat storage units can be connected to two
There are four cylinders stacked one on top of the other along the axis, and these four cylinders form one unit of heat storage tank. By being stacked along this axis, the small cylinders 3 (FIG. 1) are aligned and connected to each other, through which the heat transfer gas is passed.

The heat medium liquid flows through each hollow pipe a to d, i to
D. The heat is circulated to the coils of each heat storage unit using the CP, and this connection relationship is shown by the arrows in the planar arrangement of FIG. For example, Ui in Figure 3
Regarding the unit heat storage tank, the four units in the upper stage and the four units in the lower stage are similarly connected to the central pipe CP so that the heat medium liquid flows out from each internal coil, and the pipes on the sides are and (b) are connected such that a heat transfer liquid flows into each internal coil. On the other hand, in the unit heat storage tank to the right of this Ui, the connection with the center pipe CP is the same as in Ui, but in Ui, the pipes that functioned as corner pipes (a to d) are now connected to the side pipes ( (i) to (d), and the heat transfer liquid will now flow in. In other words, by shifting one heat storage unit adjacent to the unit heat storage tank, pipes that are not used for liquid circulation in the adjacent unit heat storage tank can be used for liquid circulation in the adjacent unit heat storage tank. When viewed individually as a unit heat storage tank, the connection position between each pipe and the coil in each unit can remain unchanged. Unit heat storage tanks can be assembled infinitely while maintaining this unchanging connection relationship, and in fact, the degree of this collection can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the heat capacity for heat reception or heat radiation. In addition, in the case of this set, in addition to the planar expansion as shown in FIG. 3, connection in the vertical direction is also optional, and a heat storage tank structure having an arbitrary three-dimensional structure can be constructed. In the constructed heat storage tank, if the heat medium gas is made to pass through the small cylinder of each heat storage unit and also through the gap between each heat storage unit, that is, the outside of the housing 1, each heat storage The heat storage material within the heat exchanger unit has a further increased heat exchange area with the heat transfer gas, and its heat exchange efficiency is improved. In actual operation, it is preferable to use the heat medium gas for heat storage and the heat medium liquid passed through the coil for heat radiation, but the opposite operation may be performed depending on the case.

Other ways of using the heat storage unit of the present invention and other examples of shapes and structures will be shown below.

FIG. 5 shows an example in which a ring joint 9 is used to vertically stack heat storage units.
As shown in FIG. 6, this ring joint 9 has an opening 10 through which gas passes through the upper and lower rings 11 and 12.
The ends of the heat storage units to be stacked are fitted into the upper and lower rings 11 and 12. Then, the support plate 7 shown in FIG. 4 is supported at the center of this ring joint 9.
Reference numeral 13 indicates a projecting piece for receiving this support plate 7. If this support plate 7 is used and the connections between the small cylinders are slightly separated when stacking the heat storage units, a portion of the gas flowing from one small cylinder to the other will flow out through the openings 10 to the outside of the housing. However, conversely, the gas flowing outside the housing collides with the support plate 7 (this support plate 7 functions as a buffer plate), and an air flow is generated that flows into the small cylinder from this opening 10. , the airflow flows through the outside and inside (small cylinder) of the housing while being mixed, and heat exchange between this gas and the heat storage material is performed effectively over the entire area of the heat storage material in each heat storage unit. .

FIG. 7 is a plan layout diagram in which the heat storage unit of FIG. 1 is arranged in the most compact manner. In this case, two vertical pipes 14 and 15 are used for one regenerator unit, one of which is an inlet pipe for introducing the heat transfer liquid into the coils in the regenerator unit, and the other is an inlet pipe for introducing the heat transfer liquid into the coils in the regenerator unit. Used as an outflow tube for outflow from the coil. When stacking in the vertical direction, they are stacked while maintaining the arrangement shown in Figure 7, but the pipe that is the outflow pipe in the heat storage unit one stage below can be connected as an outflow pipe. It is also possible to connect the coils of each longitudinal regenerator unit to the pipes 14 and 15 in series. Whether to connect in series or in parallel is determined by the heat receiving capacity, the amount of heat medium fluid, and the type and amount of heat storage material. In this lamination, the 6th
It is also possible to use a ring joint as shown in the figure.
It is also possible to make the heat transfer gas flow on the outside and inside (small cylinder) of the housing. However, in the arrangement shown in FIG. 7, the gaps between the heat accumulator units are smaller than in the arrangement shown in FIG. 3, so it is not necessarily necessary to use the buffle plate as shown in FIG. 4.

FIG. 8 shows an example of a collection of unit heat storage tanks shown in FIG. 2, and shows an example of arrangement in which air as a heat medium can effectively flow throughout the tanks. That is, the unit heat storage tank is arranged between an air inlet chamber 16 and an air outlet chamber 17 that are shared with other unit heat storage tanks, and air is fed into the air inlet chamber 16 from the air inlet communication box 18, and the air outlet is connected to the air inlet chamber 16. Air is sent from the chamber 17 to the air outlet communication box 19. The air inlet chamber 16 and the air outlet chamber 17 have a two-dimensional extent, and between them are unit heat storage tanks, and a number of small cylinders 3 are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the chamber surface. It is located. In addition, Ui and Uj in Figure 8
2 shows a unit heat storage tank consisting of eight heat storage units in FIG. 2, and 9 is a ring joint as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. Although piping for the liquid heat medium is omitted in FIG. 8, the piping for the liquid heat medium can also be arbitrarily arranged as explained in FIG. 3 or FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a device comprising a solar heat collector and a heat storage tank according to the present invention. In Fig. 9, 20 is a pneumatic solar heat collector, 21 is an underground concrete structure, Ui and Uj are unit heat storage tanks consisting of a plurality of heat storage units, 22 is a blower, 23 is an air chamber, and 24 is a switching damper. , 25 is an air supply port, 26 is a return air port, 28 to 31 are liquid pipes, 32
indicates a liquid tank. As shown in the figure, this solar heat storage device is installed in an underground structure directly below an air-type solar heat collector 20 placed on the solar radiation surface of the earth's surface.
This is a collective arrangement of heat storage units as described above. This collection of heat storage units is
For example, if the unit heat storage tank consisting of the eight heat storage units explained in Fig. 2 is rotated 90 degrees from the state shown in Fig. 2, that is, with the center axis of the case horizontally, They are stacked in the dimensional direction, and air is allowed to flow horizontally through the unit heat storage tanks Ui and Uj.

First, to explain the flow of air inside this heat storage device, during heat storage operation, the air discharged from the blower 22 enters the pneumatic solar heat collector 20 from the air chamber 23 via the switching damper 24, The heated air flows in a meandering manner from the upper and lower rows of unit heat storage tanks to the lower row of unit heat storage tanks, and after imparting heat to the heat storage material in each heat storage unit, it is finally released again. The air is sucked into the blower 22, and this cycle is repeated again. By continuing this heat storage operation, the heat storage material in the heat storage unit will melt, and most of the heat storage units will contain the molten heat storage material, especially in cases of strong solar radiation. Once the heat storage material has been melted, even if it partially begins to solidify when the flow of heat medium into the heat storage device is stopped, the inside of the device is maintained at a predetermined temperature due to the heat generated, so it will last for a long time. Most of it remains molten throughout.

In the heat dissipation operation, the switching damper 24 may be operated to guide the air in the air chamber 23 toward the air supply port 25 and the air from the return air port 26 to flow into the pneumatic solar heat collector 20. As a result, the return air from the return air port 26 is heated by the heat of solidification of the heat storage material by passing through the unit heat storage tank using only the power of the blower 22, and is supplied from the air supply port 25 to a predetermined heat requesting side. . Note that during solar radiation in the winter or mid-season, simultaneous operation of heat storage and heat radiation can be performed by adjusting the opening degree of the switching damper 24.

In addition, heat dissipation operation is performed using the coil 4 of each heat storage unit.
This can also be done by passing water through (Fig. 1). For example, a unit heat storage tank Ui is constructed by running hollow pipes a to d, a to d, and CP as shown in Figure 2, and these pipes are connected between unit heat storage tanks to create a series of continuous water pipes. No piping is required to allow water to flow through the coils of each heat storage unit. Water in the tank 32 may be circulated through these pipes by the pump 33 and supplied from the hot water supply pipe 31 to the heat requesting side. This heat dissipation operation using water as a heat medium is more efficient than the aforementioned heat dissipation operation using air in that a large amount of recovered heat can be collected in a short time.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a building heating system using the solar heat storage device shown in FIG. 9, showing the air supply port 25 in the heat transfer device shown in FIG.
5, and a return air duct that connects the air intake port 36 in the building with the return air port of the heat storage device, so that the building can be heated by storing solar heat. This is what I did.

FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a device in which an auxiliary heat source device is further added to the solar heat storage device of FIG. 9.
As shown in the figure, a gas burner 40 and a combustion chamber 41 are provided in the air circulation path so that this combustion air can be fed into the air chamber 23. 1st
In Figure 1, 42 is a fuel gas cylinder, 43 is a gas pipe, and 24 ₁ to 24 ₆ are switching dampers, which perform heat storage operation using solar heat alone, heat storage operation using solar heat and combustion gas, and radiate heat stored in the heat storage unit. operation, operation in which combustion air is further mixed into this heat dissipation operation, operation in which these operations are further combined, furthermore, operation in partial time of the heat storage tank, etc. can be performed by controlling the opening degree of the switching dampers 24 ₁ to 24 ₆ . This is what I did. Although the blower and fluid piping are not shown in the figure, they are arranged in the same way as in Figure 9, and are operated in the same way as in Figure 9 except that an auxiliary heat source is introduced as appropriate. There is no change in the method of storing heat.

FIG. 12 shows a heat storage device 45 consisting of a collection of heat storage units described above placed in the basement of a building, and an air-type solar heat collector 20 installed on a balcony or other outdoor area to heat the building. An example is shown. The heat storage device 45 is shown in FIG. 8, 9 or 11.
The device has the configuration shown in the figure, and by circulating air between the solar heat collector 20 and each heat storage unit in the device, heat is stored in the heat storage material in the form of latent heat. Similarly, hot air is blown out from the blow-off port 35 and returned to the heat storage device 45 from the suction port 36.

FIG. 13 is an air system diagram of FIG. 12, in which heat storage operation and heat radiation operation are switched by switching dampers 46 to 51. That is, in heat storage operation, dampers 46 and 47 are opened, and damper 48 is opened.
〜51 should be closed, and damper 4 should be closed during heat dissipation operation.
6 and 47 and open dampers 48 to 51, or
The dampers 46 and 47 may be half-opened, the dampers 50 and 51 may be half-opened, and the dampers 48 and 49 may be opened.

FIG. 14 is a system diagram showing an example of a hot water supply system. Similarly, FIG. In addition to being able to carry out heat dissipation operation with the heat storage device 45, hot water can also be supplied by heat dissipation operation by passing water through the coil 4 (FIG. 1) of the heat storage unit. That is, the latent heat or sensible heat of the heat storage material stored by solar heat is recovered by passing water through the heat medium liquid passage explained in FIGS. 1 to 7,
In order to use this water for hot water supply, the circulation pump 33 transfers this circulating water to a storage tank 55.
The water in the tank 55 is heated indirectly. In FIG. 14, 56 is a city water supply pipe, 57 is a hot water supply pipe, and 58 is a gas water heater for auxiliary heating. It is set to be automatically controlled.

According to the present invention, the above-mentioned objectives can be achieved and the following effects can be achieved.

(1) Since an air-type solar heat collector is used, solar heat can be collected and transported to the heat storage tank using air, which is the cheapest, widely available, and easy to handle, as a heat medium. Air has a smaller heat capacity and density than water, which is disadvantageous for heat extraction and heat transfer, but in the case of this invention, it is possible to use excess solar heat during the period before winter when heating is not normally required. Since it takes time to build and collect heat, even air-type solar collectors can fully achieve the purpose.

(2) A heat storage tank consists of a large number of heat storage units, each consisting of a small container made of a material with good thermal conductivity and a heat storage substance hermetically sealed in. The airflow inside the tank and the heat storage material inside the container are connected to each other through the walls of each container. Since the heat storage material is arranged three-dimensionally in the tank to enable heat exchange, even a large amount of heat storage material is divided into countless small units, resulting in a significantly large surface area. Since heat is exchanged with the air flowing through the heat storage tank over the entire surface thereof, the heat exchange area becomes large, the heat exchange efficiency is significantly increased, and the entire amount of the heat storage material can be sufficiently changed in phase. Furthermore, when storing heat, the air present in the heat storage tank forms a heat insulating layer and suppresses mutual heat transfer.

(3) The heat storage unit not only exchanges heat with the air through its surface, but is also equipped with a coil through which water can pass, so hot water can be directly supplied through this coil.

(4) The required heat storage capacity varies depending on the size of the building and how the building is used, and there are usually restrictions on the installation location of the heat storage tank for various reasons. Since this method divides a large amount of heat storage material into small heat storage units, it is possible to freely construct a heat storage tank of any size or space with any shape. The space inside the heat storage tank has a large number of heat storage units stationary in a three-dimensional direction and air, so there are no operational troubles such as breakdowns, and the equipment is extremely safe.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view showing a typical example of a heat storage unit according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing an example in which one unit of heat storage tank is constituted by eight heat storage units, and Fig. 3 is a unit heat storage unit. FIG. 4 is a plan view of the arrangement of tanks, FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a support plate (buffle plate) used in constructing a unit heat storage tank, FIG. 5 is a schematic front view showing the connection part of the heat storage unit, and FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a ring joint used in the connection part, FIG. 7 is a layout plan view showing another example of the arrangement of the heat storage unit, and FIG. 8 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of a collection of unit heat storage tanks. Figure 9 is a sectional view showing an example of the device configuration of an air type solar heat collector and a heat storage tank assembly, and Figure 10 is a
Layout system diagram showing the relationship between the equipment shown in the figure and the building, Part 1
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the device in Figure 10, Figure 12 is a schematic cross-sectional system diagram showing an example where the heat storage device is installed in the basement of a building, and Figure 13 is an air system showing the air system in Figure 12. 14 are equipment layout system diagrams showing the equipment arrangement for heating and hot water supply. 1... Housing, 2... Lid, 3... Small cylinder (heat medium gas passage), 4... Coil (heat medium liquid passage), 7...
Support plate (buttful plate), 9...Ring joint, 16...Air inlet chamber, 17...
Air outlet chamber, 20...Pneumatic solar heat collector, 22...Blower, 24...Switching damper, 25
... Air supply port, 26 ... Return air port, 33 ... Circulation pump, 35 ... Air outlet, 36 ... Suction port, 45 ...
Heat storage device, 55...Storage tank, Ui, Uj
...Unit heat storage device.

Claims (1)

[Scope of utility model registration request] An air circulation path is formed between the pneumatic solar heat collector and the heat storage tank, and a heat transfer path is formed between the heat storage tank and the heating or hot water supply equipment in the building, so that solar heat can be absorbed before the season when heating is required. A heating and hot water supply device using solar heat that stores heat in the heat storage tank and uses it as a heat source for heating or hot water supply, in which air heated by the solar heat collector is placed in a small container made of a material with good thermal conductivity. Therefore, a large number of heat storage units each having a meltable heat storage material hermetically sealed therein are arranged three-dimensionally within the tank so that heat can be exchanged between the air flow inside the tank and the heat storage material inside the container through the walls of each of the containers. The above-mentioned heat storage tank is constructed by switching the air flow in the tank to the air-type solar heat collector or the building and circulating it, and the fluid flow coil for hot water supply to the small container of the heat storage unit. A heating and hot water supply device that utilizes solar heat and is characterized by being placed inside.