JPH0135967B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a device for melting snow or preventing freezing of elevated roads or elevated tracks, and more specifically, the present invention relates to a device for melting snow or preventing freezing of elevated roads or elevated tracks, and more particularly, the present invention relates to a device for melting snow or preventing freezing of elevated roads or elevated tracks. This invention relates to a device that can be powered by solar heat.

Measures to melt snow and prevent ice on elevated roads and tracks in cold regions are important technical issues, but it is no exaggeration to say that the measures taken so far are only symptomatic, and require a lot of power or labor. There is. The proposed equipment also requires a large amount of heat or water source, and the thermal energy and power energy required for snow melting or freezing prevention are extremely large.

In view of these circumstances, the present invention aims to store the enormous amount of solar heat that is provided throughout the year until the winter, and to use it as a heat source for snow melting or freezing prevention in winter, in order to truly save energy. In this project, the walls that double as soundproof walls along the railroad tracks are used as solar heat collection surfaces, and the space under the elevated tracks is used as a heat storage tank, so that a large amount of solar heat can be stored throughout the year in the form of latent heat storage in materials. We provide equipment that has In other words, the present invention will be described in detail later based on drawings, but its basic configuration includes a solar heat collector placed along an elevated road or elevated track, and a heat storage tank installed in a space under the elevated track. A heat medium circulation path is formed in between to store solar heat in a heat storage tank, and air heated using this stored heat is injected onto the road from air blowing nozzles placed along the elevated road or elevated track. In this device, the heat storage tank is composed of a large number of heat storage units in which a heat storage material is sealed, and each of the heat storage units is melted by the heat collected by the solar heat collector. It consists of a container in which a possible heat storage material is sealed, and is characterized in that a passage is formed in the container for flowing a heat transfer fluid.

The device of the present invention is used to melt snow or prevent freezing of elevated road surfaces by injecting high-temperature air toward the road surface from air blowing nozzles placed along the road surface. It utilizes solar heat. That is,
The enormous amount of heat required to melt snow or prevent freezing is stored in the space under the elevated tracks from solar heat throughout the year. For example, a heat storage tank capable of storing a large capacity of solar heat accumulated during the summer or mid-season for several months to more than half a year will be installed in the space under the elevated tracks. In order to store heat in a large capacity and over a long period of time, the device of the present invention uses latent heat storage. In other words, in the device of the present invention, the heat collected by the long solar collectors installed along the elevated tracks so as to function as soundproof walls is stored in the latent heat storage tank under the elevated tracks, and this heat is stored at high temperatures in winter. The main feature of this system is that it uses a special heat storage tank that can store solar heat in the form of latent heat for a large amount of time and take it out as needed. be.

First, we will explain the principle and structure of the heat storage device according to the present invention, which stores solar heat in a large capacity for a long period of time and can take it out as needed.Then, we will sequentially explain the overall structure of the elevated snow melting or freezing prevention system of the present invention. I will explain.

The heat storage materials for storing heat in the form of latent heat used in the heat storage device of the present invention include various hydrated salts and hydrated salt mixtures, such as CaCl ₂ .6H ₂ O, Na ₂ SO ₄ .
10H ₂ O, Na ₂ S ₂ O ₃・5H ₂ O, Na ₂ HPO ₄ −
Substances with relatively low melting points and relatively large latent heat such as NaH ₂ PO ₄ -KH ₂ PO ₄ -H ₂ O mixtures, organic compounds such as ethylenediamine, or oils and fats such as paraffin and silicone oil are suitable. Although it has long been known in principle that it is advantageous to store heat by utilizing latent heat during phase transformation between solid and liquid phases of a substance, a practical scale device for this has not yet appeared. In other words, the practical application of a heat storage device using latent heat that can repeatedly store a large amount of heat and recover it will enable heat exchange between the heating medium and the entire large-capacity heat storage material without causing transformation or deterioration of the heat storage material. Moreover, it was considered to be extremely difficult to do so without causing the problem of contamination by heat storage substances because it is technically difficult. In the present invention, such latent heat storage is carried out by confining it in the structure of the space under the elevated railway.
For this purpose, a heat storage tank for enclosing this heat storage material is constituted by an assembly of special heat storage units.

1 to 19 show the structure and arrangement of this heat storage unit.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing one embodiment of the basic type of the heat storage unit of the present invention. In Figure 1, 1
is a cylindrical can body, and an upper lid 2 and a lower lid 2' are airtightly attached to the upper and lower sides of this can body 1. A small cylinder 3 coaxial with the can body 1 is airtightly attached to the center of the upper cover 2 and lower cover 2', and a coil 4 is arranged to surround the small cylinder 3.
One end of the coil 4 projects below the can body 1, and the other end projects above the can body 1, and the connection of the coil end to the can body 1 is also maintained airtight. 5 is a heat storage material injection port, 6 is a heat storage material discharge port,
After filling with the heat storage material, the injection port 5 and the discharge port 6 are kept blind. In this way, a container for enclosing the heat storage material is formed, and a passage for flowing the heat transfer fluid, that is, a small cylinder 3 and a coil 4, is formed in this container. As will be described later, this small cylinder 3 is used as a passage for a gas such as air to flow, and the coil 4 is used as a passage for a liquid such as water to flow. The heat storage unit shown in this figure is substantially symmetrical vertically and horizontally, and appears to have the same shape even if it is upside down in the position shown in the figure. The outlet of the small cylinder 3' in the device unit is aligned with and connected to the inlet of the small cylinder 3 shown by the solid line, and similarly, the outlet and inlet of the coil 4 are connected by piping.

Figure 2 shows a state in which eight heat storage units in Figure 1 are combined to form one unit of heat storage tank, and Figure 3 shows a state in which one unit of heat storage tank made up of these eight heat storage units is further assembled. are shown diagrammatically.

As shown in Figure 2, one unit of heat storage tank consists of four hollow pipes a to d assembled at the four corners of a rectangle, and these hollow pipes a to b, b to c, c to
Eight heat storage units are placed in two stages in a framework consisting of four hollow pipes A to D arranged on the center sides between d and d to a, and one hollow pipe CP located in the center. It is composed of the following: Among these hollow pipes, the peripheral ones except for the central pipe CP are shared with the adjacent tanks when one unit of heat storage tanks is assembled next to each other.

In this state, as shown in the arrangement in Fig. 3, the corner pipes a to d of one unit of heat storage tank Ui act as the corner pipes of the adjacent unit heat storage tank in a certain direction (in the vertical direction of the paper in the figure). Although it is shared, in a certain direction (in the left and right directions on the paper in the figure), it is shared as a side pipe of adjacent unit heat storage tanks. All of these pipes a to d, a to d, and CP serve not only as supports for assembling and fixing the heat storage units, but also as coils 4 arranged inside each heat storage unit (Fig. 1). are connected to each other to function as heat medium piping for circulating heat medium liquid. In each unit heat storage tank, the pipes are positioned relative to each other using three support plates 7 as shown in FIG. 4, and the nine pipes positioned in this way and the three support plates , eight heat storage units are joined two by two along the axis to form four cylinders, and these four cylinders constitute one unit of heat storage tank. By joining along this axis, the small cylinders 3 (FIG. 1) are aligned and connected to each other, and the heat transfer gas is passed therethrough.

The heat medium liquid flows through each hollow pipe a to d, i to
D. The heat is circulated to the coils of each heat storage unit using the CP, and this connection relationship is shown by the arrows in the layout of FIG. For example, if we look at the unit heat storage tank Ui in Figure 3, the heat medium liquid is connected to the central pipe CP so that it flows out from each internal coil, and the heat medium liquid flows from the side pipes A and B to each internal coil. connected so that it flows into the
On the other hand, in the unit heat storage tank to the right of this Ui,
The connection with the central pipe CP is the same as Ui, but
In Ui, the corner pipes a to d function as side pipes i to d, and the heat medium liquid begins to flow in from now on. In other words, by shifting one heat storage unit adjacent to the unit heat storage tank, pipes that are not used for liquid circulation in the adjacent unit heat storage tank can be used for liquid circulation in the adjacent unit heat storage tank. When viewed individually as a unit circulation tank, the connection position between each pipe and the coil in each unit can remain unchanged. Unit heat storage tanks can be assembled infinitely while maintaining this unchanging connection relationship, and in fact, the degree of this collection can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the heat capacity for heat reception or heat radiation. In addition, in the case of this set, in addition to the spreading direction as shown in FIG. 3, connections in the vertical direction are also optional, and a heat storage tank structure having an arbitrary three-dimensional structure can be constructed. In the constructed heat storage tank, if the heat medium gas is made to pass through the small cylinder of each heat storage unit and also through the gap between each heat storage unit, that is, the outside of the can body 1, each heat storage The heat storage material within the heat exchanger unit has a further increased heat exchange area with the heat transfer gas, and its heat exchange efficiency is improved. In actual operation, it is preferable to use the heat medium gas for heat storage and the heat medium liquid passed through the coil for heat radiation, but the opposite operation may be performed depending on the case.

Below, other ways of using the heat storage unit of the present invention and other examples of shapes and structures will be shown.

FIG. 5 shows an example in which a ring joint 9 is used to connect heat storage units in the axial direction. As shown in Fig. 6, this ring joint 9 is
The opening 10 through which gas passes is located between the upper and lower rings 11 and 12.
The ends of the heat storage unit to be connected are fitted into the rings 11 and 12. Then, the support plate 7 shown in FIG. 4 is supported at the center of this ring joint 9. 1
3 indicates a projecting piece for receiving this support plate 7. If this support plate 7 is used and the connections between the small cylinders are slightly separated when joining the heat storage unit, a portion of the gas flowing from one small cylinder to the other will flow out through the openings 10 to the outside of the can body. death,
Conversely, the gas flowing outside the can collides with the support plate 7 (this support plate 7 functions as a buffer plate), creating an air flow that flows into the small cylinder from the opening 10, and the can The airflow flows in a mixed manner between the outside and inside of the body (small cylinder), and heat exchange between this gas and the heat storage material is effectively performed over the entire area of the heat storage material in each heat storage unit.

FIG. 7 is a layout diagram in which the heat storage unit of FIG. 1 is arranged in the most compact manner. In this case, two pipes are used for one heat storage unit.
4 and 15 are used, one of which is used as an inlet pipe for introducing the heat transfer liquid into the coil in the regenerator unit, and the other as an outlet pipe for causing the heat transfer liquid to flow out of the coil. The connections in the axial direction of each heat storage unit are stacked while maintaining the arrangement shown in Figure 7, but the pipe that was used as an outflow pipe in one heat storage unit can be connected as an outflow pipe. You may do so. That is, the coils of each heat storage unit may be connected to the pipes 14 and 15 in series. Whether to connect in series or in parallel is determined by the heat receiving capacity, the amount of heat medium fluid, and the type and amount of heat storage material. In this lamination, it is also possible to use a ring joint as shown in FIG. 6, and it is also possible to flow the heat transfer gas to the outside and inside (small cylinder) of the can. However, in the arrangement shown in FIG. 7, the gaps between the heat accumulator units are smaller than in the arrangement shown in FIG. 3, so it is not necessarily necessary to use the buffle plate as shown in FIG. 4.

Figures 8 to 12 show an example of a heat storage unit having a rectangular (rectangular) external shape. Figure 8 shows a case in which one small cylinder 3 is attached to the longitudinal center of the rectangular parallelepiped can body 1. Figure 9 also shows 4 in the longitudinal direction.
A small cylinder 3 of books is shown attached in parallel. The heat storage material is sealed around a small cylinder 3 in the can body 1, and by passing a heat medium fluid such as air through the small cylinder that passes through the can body 1 in the longitudinal direction, the heat medium fluid and the heat storage material are separated. Heat exchange takes place. 8th
In each of FIGS. and 9, a heat storage tank of a desired capacity can be constructed by assembling pieces of the same shape adjacently so that the small cylinders are connected to each other.
Fig. 10 shows a case in which two independent curved passages are provided in the can body 1, so that the passages spread throughout the entire area of the heat storage material sealed in the can body 1, and the heat transfer fluid This is an example in which the entrances and exits are concentrated on one side. That is, in Figure 10, 16 ₁ and 1
6 ₂ is the entrance and exit of one passage, 17 ₁ and 17 ₂ are the entrance and exit of the other passage, and these four ports are all concentrated on one side of the can body 1. 11th
The figure shows an example of a combination of one bent passage similar to Fig. 10 and a small cylinder 3 similar to Fig. 8, and Fig. 12 shows an example of a combination of one bent passage similar to Fig. 10 and a small cylinder 3 similar to Fig. 9. An example is shown in which four small cylinders 3 are combined. In FIGS. 10 to 12, it is preferable that the bent passages pass a liquid heat medium and the small cylinders pass a gas heat medium.

The devices shown in FIGS. 8 to 12 can be connected and stacked by connecting the same type of devices to the inlet of the heat medium path of another device by connecting the outlet of the heat medium path to the inlet of the heat medium path of the other device.

Figures 13 to 19 show a further improved heat storage unit used in the heat storage tank of the device of the present invention, and the external shape is similar to that of Figure 1, with a small air passageway in the center of the cylindrical can body. This figure shows an example of a heat storage unit having a cylindrical can body, in which a pack of ring-shaped containers is stacked, and a heat storage material is sealed in the pack. In the following, this improved heat storage unit will be briefly explained, but this unit can also be used in the same manner as explained in FIGS. 2-7.

FIG. 13 is an external view of a ring-shaped container pack for enclosing a heat storage material therein, and conceptually shows a state in which individual ring-shaped containers 22 are stacked concentrically.

FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view taken along a plane passing through the central axis of this annular container 22, and a heat storage material 21 as described above for latent heat storage is sealed inside this donut-shaped annular container 22. When enclosing the heat storage material 21, it is preferable to mix a separation preventing agent such as glass wool, metal molding such as aluminum or stainless steel, or synthetic fiber filter media with the heat storage material. The annular container 22 may be made of a metal plate, but if a synthetic resin film or sheet is used, it can be easily manufactured and the heat storage material can be easily enclosed therein. Reference numeral 26 indicates a lid, and when this lid 26 is used, it is hermetically connected to the main body to ensure a complete seal.

FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of part A in FIG.
An example of the configuration is shown below. By forming such a corrugated surface 27, the heat transfer area of the annular container 22 can be greatly increased, and the outer atmosphere of the annular container 22 and the heat storage material 2 inside the annular container 22 can be greatly increased.
1, the heat transfer between the two is improved.

Fig. 16 shows a longitudinal cross-section of the entire unit of this example, and Fig. 17 shows a cross-section taken along the line V-V'.
The ring-shaped containers 22 filled with the heat storage material 21 as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 are stacked and loaded in a can body 24 having an air passage 23 along the axis in the center. . The can body 24 is, for example, a cylindrical drum having a volume of about the size of a 1-ton can, and a coaxial small cylinder 28 is attached to the center thereof passing through a bottom plate 29 and an upper lid 30. The bottom plate 29, the top lid 30, and the outer peripheral body of the can body are hermetically joined to each other. A ring-shaped container 22 is placed inside the double cylindrical space of the can body 24 formed in this way.
The packs are stacked and loaded, and a heat transfer material is inserted into the gaps between the packs and the gaps (gaps) between the packs and the can body. As this heat transfer material, it is preferable to use a material that is always in a liquid state at the operating temperature of this unit. Enclosure of this liquid improves heat transfer between the annular container and the can body, and also serves to prevent leakage when the heat storage material is in a molten state. The latent heat storage unit configured in this way has a can body 24.
atmosphere outside (e.g. air flow) and air passages 23
By connecting or aggregating a large number of these units, the amount of heat storage and heat radiation per unit volume is extremely large, and the storage period of the heat storage is shortened. It is also possible to configure a heat storage tank that can be used for a long period of time, such as from summer to winter.

Figures 18 and 19 show examples of latent heat storage units that are advantageous when using both gas (e.g., air) and liquid (e.g., water) as heat media. As shown in FIG. 19, the large-diameter annular container 22a filled with a heat storage material and the small-diameter annular container 22b filled with a heat storage material are stacked so as to form a double ring. It is loaded inside. In other words, the small-diameter annular container 22b having an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the large-diameter annular container 22a is replaced with the large-diameter annular container 22a.
a and are stacked and loaded in a can body 24 having an air passage 23. Therefore, in the can body 24, an outer ring laminate consisting of the large-diameter annular container 22a and an inner ring laminate consisting of the small-diameter annular container 22b are formed. A coil 25 for flowing a liquid heat medium is disposed in a gap 31 between the outer ring laminate and the inner ring laminate. Except for forming this double inner and outer ring laminate and arranging the coil 25, the 16th to 1st
This is the same as explained in FIG. 7, and it can be effectively used even when gas (air) is used as the heat medium. Furthermore, by filling the voids in the can body 24 in which the annular containers 22a and 22b and the coil 25 are placed, a liquid heat transfer substance is filled.
The same effect as in the case shown in the figure can be obtained.

The heat storage unit shown in Figs.
It can be constructed into a unit heat storage tank in the same manner as explained in FIGS.

The snow melting or freezing prevention device for an elevated road or elevated track according to the present invention installs a heat storage tank configured by collecting the latent heat storage units explained in FIGS. 1 to 19 in a space under an elevated track, and In addition, solar heat collectors placed along the railway line store solar heat collected during the summer or mid-season, and this stored heat is used to heat the high-temperature air through air blowing nozzles placed along the railway line. It is designed to be sprayed from.

FIG. 20 shows an example of a snow melting or antifreezing device for an elevated line according to the present invention. In FIG. 20, 33 is a heat storage tank body formed in the space under the elevated railway, 34 is an assembly of heat storage units explained in FIGS. 1 to 19, and 35 is solar heat collectors arranged on both sides of the elevated line. Reference numeral 36 indicates air blowing nozzles arranged on both sides of the elevated wire, and 37 indicates a blower.

The solar heat collectors 35 are arranged vertically along both sides of the elevated railway line, and also serve as a soundproof wall. In the illustrated example, the solar heat collector 35 uses air as a heat medium, but a liquid may also be used as the heat medium. This solar heat collector 35 is used throughout the year and stores the collected heat in the form of latent heat in the heat storage material of each heat storage unit in the heat storage tank. In the illustrated example, two heat storage tanks are formed symmetrically in the space under the elevated structure, and each can be driven independently.

First, to explain heat storage operation, damper 3
8 to 42, for example dampers 38 and 41
is closed, the dampers 39, 40, and 42 are opened, the blower 37 is driven, and the air taken in from the outside air intake port 44 is passed through the solar heat collector 35 and heated, and this heated air is stored as heat. Tank air chamber 4
5 and from the passage 46 to the unit heat storage tank assembly 34.
After passing through the heat storage unit and exchanging heat in the form of latent or sensible heat with the heat storage material in the heat storage unit, the air is discharged from the air blowing nozzle 36 through the air chambers 48 and 47. By performing this heat storage operation in the summer or mid-season when solar radiation is strong, most of the heat storage material can be melted, thereby allowing a large amount of heat storage to be stored until the winter season. That is,
Once melted, the heat storage material will begin to partially solidify when the flow of the heat medium is stopped, but the heat generated maintains the inside of the heat storage device at a predetermined temperature, so the size of the heat storage material decreases. The portion will remain molten for a long period of time.

Next, heat dissipation operation for snow melting or freezing prevention in winter is performed by, for example, the dampers 39, 40 and 4.
2 is closed, dampers 38 and 41 are opened, and blower 37 is driven. As a result, the outside air intake 4
The air circulated and introduced into the unit heat storage tank assembly 37 from 4 is heated by exchanging heat with the heat storage material, and this warm air is supplied from the air chamber 45 to the air blowing nozzle 36, and is sprayed onto the road surface as a jet of warm air. It's blown out.
In order to blow out this air, as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, air blowing nozzles 36 are arranged side by side with a predetermined gap on both sides of the railway line, and the blowing direction is set so that it crawls on the road surface. It is preferable to arrange the side nozzles in a staggered manner to form a zigzag air flow on the road surface. This results in
The solar heat collector 35 that doubles as a soundproof wall along the roadside also functions as an airflow shield, and due to the Coanda effect caused by the airflow flowing on the road surface, a stratified area of warm air is formed on the road surface, which prevents snow melting and freezing. Prevention is more effective.

In addition to the heat storage and heat dissipation operations described above, it is also possible to perform an operation in which the air heated by the solar heat collector 35 is directly injected onto the road surface without storing heat. In this case, for example, dampers 38 and 42
The blower 37 may be driven by closing the dampers 39, 40, and 41 and opening the dampers 39, 40, and 41. Although FIG. 20 shows an example in which the solar heat collector 35 performs heat storage operation using a gas (air) heat medium, it is also possible to perform heat storage operation using a liquid heat medium as shown in FIGS. 1 to 19. This will be understood from the way the unit is used. Furthermore, in case of a cold region where solar heat is insufficient throughout the year or in case of an emergency, combustion heat from an auxiliary heat source, such as a gas burner, can be used to store or radiate heat.

In this way, the device of the present invention is capable of melting snow and preventing freezing of elevated lines using only the circulating power of the heating medium, and achieves true energy savings in that it utilizes summer heat for this purpose. It can be said that this is a well-intended invention.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a typical example of a heat storage unit according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing an example in which one unit of heat storage tank is constituted by eight heat storage units, and Fig. 3 is a unit heat storage tank. Figure 4 is a perspective view of the support plate (bumpful plate) used to construct the unit heat storage tank, Figure 5 is a schematic front view showing the connection part of the heat storage unit, Figure 6 7 is a perspective view of the ring joint used for the connection, FIG. 7 is a layout diagram showing another example of the arrangement of the heat storage unit, and FIG.
Figures 1 to 12 are perspective views showing examples of heat storage units having a rectangular outer shape, and Figures 13 to 19 show examples of other heat storage units according to the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing an example of stacking annular containers;
4 is a sectional view of the annular container, FIG. 15 is an enlarged view of section A in FIG. 14, FIG. 16 is a sectional view showing an example of the latent heat storage unit according to the present invention, and FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing another laminated example of the annular container, FIG. 19 is a sectional view showing another example of the latent heat storage unit, and FIG. 20 is a sectional view taken along the line V'. FIG. 21 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a snow melting or freezing prevention device for an elevated line, FIG. 21 is a layout diagram of an air blowing nozzle, and FIG. 22 is a perspective view showing a portion of a solar heat collector and an air blowing nozzle. 33... Heat storage tank body, 34... Aggregate of heat storage unit, 35... Solar heat collector, 36... Air blowing nozzle, 37... Air blower, 1... Can body, 3,
23...Small cylinder (heat medium gas passage), 4, 25...
(heat medium liquid passage).

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 A heat medium circulation path is formed between a solar heat collector placed along an elevated road or an elevated track and a heat storage tank installed in the space under the elevated track, and solar heat is stored in the heat storage tank. A device that injects air heated using heat onto the road from air blowing nozzles arranged along an elevated road or elevated track, the heat storage tank being a number of heat storage units sealed with a heat storage material. Each heat storage unit consists of a container filled with a heat storage material that can be melted by the heat collected by the solar collector, and inside this container there is a heat storage material for flowing a heat medium fluid. A snow melting or antifreezing device for an elevated road or elevated track, characterized in that a passage is formed.