JPH033870B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a compact thermal storage heater that uses abundant solar heat during the summer or mid-season as a heating heat source during the winter.

True energy-saving heating can be achieved by making it possible to use the abundant solar heat in the summer or mid-season as a heat source for heating and hot water in the winter. The purpose of the present invention is to achieve this ideal, and to configure this as a single compact device, and at the same time to enable the heating operation of this device to be appropriately controlled according to the load.

For this purpose, the present invention arranges in one box a pneumatic solar heat collector, a latent heat storage tank, and an air path through which air can be circulated to either or both of them, The present invention provides a heat storage heating device in which the latent heat storage tank is constituted by an assembly of cans filled with a substance that can undergo a phase change at the operating temperature. More specifically, as shown in the embodiment of the drawings, one box includes an air-type solar heat collector A, a latent heat storage tank B, and one or both of A and B with air switching. It is a heat storage heater which is arranged with air passages arranged to allow circulation, and the latent heat storage tank B is composed of an assembly of cans filled with a substance that can undergo a phase change at the operating temperature, and each can A fluid passageway (small cylinder 17 in the embodiment shown in the drawings) that passes through it in the axial direction.
The above-mentioned assembly consists of cylindrical units of the same shape with This invention provides a heat storage heater characterized in that it is constructed by stacking a plurality of units so that air can flow into it.

Further, the present invention provides a heating method using the regenerative heater configured as described above, which includes an air circulation path formed in the underfloor space of a building, and the pneumatic solar heat collector A and/or the latent heat storage tank B of the regenerative heater. The present invention provides a heating method in which a controlled amount of air is connected to circulate between the two.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The detailed structure of the heat storage heating device of the present invention will be specifically explained below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is an overall view of the apparatus of the present invention having the appearance of a vertically long rectangular parallelepiped. A, a latent heat storage tank B, and an air passage connecting these are provided.

Fig. 2 shows a cross section taken along the line -' in Fig. 1, and shows one vertical pneumatic solar collector A (hereinafter simply referred to as collector A) in one of the vertically long rectangular boxes. A latent heat storage tank B is installed in the box on the back side of the heat collector A.
As will be described in detail later, this heat storage tank B is a collection of a large number of special-shaped can bodies filled with a substance that can undergo a phase change at the operating temperature.

A chamber 1 for air communication of the heat collector A and a chamber 2 for the air circulation circuit of the heat storage tank B are provided on the ceiling of the box. The planar arrangement of chambers 1 and 2 is shown in FIG.
Chamber 2 consists of 2a to 2d. Further, the planar arrangement of the heat collector A and the heat storage tank B is shown in FIG. 5 (cross-sectional view taken in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 1). On the other hand, below the heat collector A and the heat storage tank B, an air communication chamber 3 of the heat collector A and an air circulation chamber 4 of the heat storage tank B are provided, and their planar arrangement is as follows. It is shown in FIG. 6 (a cross section taken in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 1), and chamber 3 is 3a and 3b, and chamber 4 is
consists of 4a to 4d. A machine room 5 is provided below this lower chamber, and a blower 6 and flow path switching dampers 7 to 10 are installed in the arrangement shown in FIG. 7 (cross section taken in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 1). There is. The lower chambers 3a, 3b communicate with the chambers 3a, 3b of the machine room 5.

In the example shown, collector A is the same unit.
An example is shown in which two A ₁ and A ₂ are placed side by side, and heat storage tank B has eight air passages made of rectangular parallelepipeds extending in the vertical direction, and each air passage has a heat storage tank as described below. An example in which the device units are stacked is shown. To explain the air flow in this example, first, in a heat storage operation in which air collected by heat collector A is circulated to heat storage tank B, dampers 7 and 9 are opened, damper 8
and 10 are closed to drive the blower 6. This allows heat collector A ₁ to be removed from chamber 3a of the machine room.
Air enters upwards, connects from upper chamber 1a to 1b, enters downwardly into the heat collector _A2 side and descends, and then flows from the lower chamber 3b in Fig. 6 to the lower chamber 4d of the heat storage tank. to go into. The air thus heated after passing through the heat collectors A ₁ and A ₂ enters the heat storage tank B, which is made up of vertically long mutually independent chambers (see Fig. 5) as described above. The heat accumulator units are stacked in the chambers (1 to 1), and first enter the chamber A in FIG. 5 from the lower chamber 4d. After ascending through this chamber A, it enters the upper chamber 2c, and then descends from this chamber 2c to chamber R. After descending from chamber B, it connects to chamber C via the lower chamber 4b, ascends through chamber H and enters upper chamber 2a, and enters chamber 2 from this 2a, and so on. Chamber (rise) → 2b
→ H chamber (descending) → 4c → D chamber (ascending) → 2 d → C chamber (descending) The air that first enters chamber A passes through all chambers I to I and enters the final chamber H. It's coming down. As a result, the air heated in the heat collector A gives its heat to the heat storage material in the heat storage tank B. The air that has descended from the last chamber enters the machine chamber via the open damper 9 and is recirculated again by the blower 6 in the same manner as described above. This air circulation system will be better understood from the diagrammatic representation of FIG.

Next, to explain the air passage when the heat dissipation operation of this heat storage heater is performed, that is, when the heat stored in the heat storage tank B is dissipated to the load (13 in Fig. 3), dampers 7 and 9 are closed, dampers 8, 10 and 11 are opened to drive the blower 6. As a result, the air that enters the machine room from the load 13 via the inlet 12 directly enters the heat storage tank chamber by the blower 6, circulates inside the heat storage tank as described above, and flows from the outlet 14 to the load 13. Return to this heat storage heater again and repeat the cycle. In addition,
Open the damper 7 and close the damper 10 to activate the heat collector →
A heat storage tank → load → heat collector circuit is also possible.

In this way, the heat storage heater of the present invention has a pneumatic solar heat collector A and a latent heat storage tank B in one box, and air can be circulated to one or both of A and B in a switchable manner. It has a structure in which air passages are arranged in this way, and a major feature is that this latent heat storage tank is composed of an assembly of cans filled with a substance that can undergo a phase change at the operating temperature. The detailed configuration of this latent heat storage tank will be described in detail below.

Constructing a heat storage device using the latent heat of melting or condensation of a substance is advantageous because the amount of heat stored per unit volume can be increased. Such a heat storage device generally has a heat storage substance sealed in a closed container, and heat is exchanged with a heat transfer fluid such as water or air through the wall of the container. When storing heat using such phase transformation, heat storage substances include various hydrated salts such as CaCl ₂ 6H ₂ O,
Na ₂ SO ₄ .10H ₂ O, Na ₂ S ₂ O ₃ .5H ₂ O, or a hydrous phosphate mixture such as Na ₂ HPO ₄ −
NaH ₂ PO ₄ -KH ₂ PO ₄ -H ₂ O, organic compounds such as ethylenediamine, or fats and oils such as paraffin have been proposed. The melting points of these substances are different, but if a substance with an appropriate melting point is selected according to the difference in heat receiving temperature, and the substance is sealed in a sealed container to store heat in the form of latent heat, a large amount of heat can be stored per unit volume. It is possible to repeat heat dissipation and heat storage many times. In general, when storing the same amount of heat, such a latent heat storage body has a weight ratio of 1/5 of water and 1/25 of rock, and a volume ratio of about 1/8 of water and 1/17 of rock. It is said that

However, even though heat storage in the form of latent heat is advantageous in principle, there are various problems in putting it into practical use. These problems can be divided into problems of metamorphosis and deterioration of the heat storage material itself and problems with the structure of the heat storage device. In the former case, metamorphosis and deterioration of the heat storage material can be virtually avoided if the heat storage material is completely enclosed in the container while avoiding air and water intrusion, but this complete encapsulation is not possible in large-scale heat storage containers on a practical scale. It is not easy to do this, and in this case, the efficiency of heat exchange with the heat transfer fluid is inevitably reduced. In the latter case, the problem is that it is not easy to construct a device that can efficiently respond to fluctuations in the amount of heat received for heat storage and fluctuations in the amount of heat required to be recovered when recovering the stored heat. .

The present invention solves this problem and configures the heat storage tank B, in which the tank that accommodates the heat storage material is configured by a collection of small units (can bodies), and the heat storage material in each unit can is This allows for effective heat exchange between the heat exchanger and the heat medium (air).

FIGS. 8 to 22 show the structure of a can housing a latent heat storage material according to the present invention and an example of its assembly. This will be explained step by step below.

FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of the basic type of the heat storage unit (can body) of the present invention.
and 16' have a small cylinder 1 coaxial with the cylinder 15.
7 is attached airtight, cylinder 15, lid 16, 1
A latent heat storage material whose phase changes at the operating temperature is hermetically sealed in an airtight space surrounded by the cylinder 6' and the small cylinder 17. Fig. 9 shows a state in which four of these units are arranged side by side in the same direction.This becomes a single layer when housed in each chamber 1 to 1 in Fig. 5, and when these are stacked in the vertical direction, A collective state within each chamber is formed. As shown in FIG. 9, when air is flowed in the vertical direction through this single layer, air flows into the small cylinder 17 of each unit and the gap between each unit (cylindrical 15
Air will flow between the outside of the

Figure 10 shows a joining method that further increases heat exchange by mixing air flows when units are stacked vertically, and a special ring joint 19 is used for stacking. be. As shown in FIG. 11, this ring joint 19 has an opening 20 through which gas passes between the upper and lower rings 21 and 22.
and 22, fit the ends of the heat storage units to be stacked. Then, the support plate 23 (first
4) is supported at the center of this ring joint 19. 24 indicates a projecting piece for receiving this support plate 23. If this support plate 23 is used and the connections between the small cylinders are slightly separated when stacking the heat storage units, the small cylinders 17
A part of the gas flowing from the to the small cylinder 17 flows out to the outside of the can through the opening 20, and conversely, the gas flowing outside the can collides with the support plate 23 (this support plate 23 acts as a buttful plate). As a result, an airflow flows into the small cylinder from this opening 20, and the airflow flows through the outside and inside of the can body (small cylinder) while mixing, and this gas and the heat storage material are mixed. Heat exchange takes place effectively throughout the heat storage material within each heat storage unit.

Next, the unit shown in FIG. 12 has a coil for circulating water built into the unit shown in FIG. In addition to this, hot water for hot water supply and other purposes can also be obtained at the same time. That is, the unit shown in FIG. 12 includes a coil 2 that surrounds the small cylinder 17.
6 is placed. One end of the coil 26 projects below the can body, and the other end projects above the can body, and the connection of the coil end to the can body is also maintained airtight. Reference numeral 26 indicates an inlet for the heat storage material, and 27 indicates an outlet for the heat storage material, and after filling the heat storage material, the inlet 26 and the outlet 27 are left blind. In this way, a container for enclosing the heat storage material is formed, and a passage for flowing the heat transfer medium, that is, the small cylinder 17 and the coil 26, are formed in this container. The small cylinder 17 is used as a passage for a gas such as air, and the coil 26 is used as a passage for a liquid such as water. The illustrated heat storage unit is substantially symmetrical in the vertical and horizontal directions, and appears to have the same shape even if the illustrated position is turned upside down. The outlet of the small cylinder 17' in the device unit is aligned with and connected to the inlet of the small cylinder 17 shown by the solid line, and similarly the outlet and inlet of the coil 26 are connected by piping.

FIG. 13 schematically shows a state in which eight heat storage units shown in FIG. 12 are combined to form one unit of heat storage tank. This one unit heat storage tank is
As shown in Figure 13, there are four vertical hollow pipes a to d assembled at the four corners of a rectangle, and the spaces between these hollow pipes a to d, b to c, c to d, and d to a. Four vertical hollow pipes placed on the center side of ~
2 and one vertical hollow pipe located in the center
It is constructed by housing eight heat storage units in two stages within a framework consisting of a CP. Of these hollow pipes, the central pipe
Surroundings except for the CP are shared with the adjacent tanks when this one unit of heat storage tanks is assembled next to each other. When stacking each unit, it is preferable to use the ring joint 19 shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 and the buffle plate 23 shown in FIG. 14.

FIG. 15 shows an example of the planar arrangement of the air and water circulation units shown in FIGS. 12 and 13.
Corner pipe a in one unit of heat storage tank (Ui)
d is shared as a pipe for adjacent unit heat storage tanks in a certain direction (in the figure, the vertical direction of the page), but
In a certain direction (in the figure, the horizontal direction on the paper surface), it is commonly used as a side pipe of adjacent unit heat storage tanks. And all of these pipes (a-d, i-d,
In addition to its role as a support for assembling and fixing heat storage units, CP) also serves as a heat medium pipe for connecting the coils 26 (Fig. 12) arranged inside each heat storage unit to each other and circulating water. It is designed to function as In each unit heat storage tank, each pipe is positioned relative to each other using a total of three horizontal support plates 23 (top, middle, and bottom) as shown in FIG. With the support plates, the eight heat storage units become four cylinders stacked two each along the axis, and these four cylinders constitute one unit of heat storage tank. By being stacked along this axis, the small cylinders 17 (FIG. 12) are aligned and connected to each other, allowing air to pass therethrough.

Next, a more preferable heat storage unit according to the present invention will be explained with reference to FIGS. 16 to 22.
In this unit, packs of ring-shaped containers are further stacked inside a closed can body as shown in FIGS. 8 and 12, and a latent heat storage material is sealed in each ring-shaped pack. FIG. 18 is an external view of this ring-shaped pack, and conceptually shows a state in which individual ring-shaped containers 32 are stacked concentrically as shown in the figure, and this stacked body is, for example, a can body as shown in FIG. 8. enclosed inside.

FIG. 17 is a sectional view taken along a plane passing through the central axis of this annular container 32, and a heat storage material 31 as described above for latent heat storage is sealed inside this donut-shaped annular container 32. When enclosing the heat storage material 31, it is preferable to mix a separation preventing agent such as glass wool, metal molding such as aluminum or stainless steel, or synthetic fiber filter media together with the heat storage material. The annular container 32 may be made of a metal plate, but if a synthetic resin film or sheet is used, it can be easily manufactured and the heat storage material can be easily enclosed therein. Reference numeral 36 indicates a lid, and when this lid 36 is used, it is hermetically connected to the main body to ensure a complete seal.

FIG. 18 is an enlarged view of part A in FIG.
An example of the configuration is shown below. With such a corrugated surface 37, the heat transfer area of the annular container 32 can be greatly increased, and the outside atmosphere of the annular container 32 and the heat storage material 3 inside the annular container 32 can be greatly increased.
1, the heat transfer between the two is improved.

FIG. 19 is a longitudinal section showing an example of a unit in which the annular container 32 is loaded into the can body, and FIG.
This figure shows a cross section taken along the X' line, and shows the annular container 3 filled with a heat storage material 31 as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17.
2 are stacked and loaded into a can body 15 having an air passage 33 along the axis in the center. The can body 15 is, for example, a cylindrical drum having a volume of about 100 cans, and a coaxial small cylinder 17 is attached to the center thereof passing through the bottom plate 16' and the top lid 16. The bottom plate 16', the top lid 16, and the outer peripheral body of the can are hermetically joined to each other. Can body 15 formed in this way
Packs of ring-shaped containers 32 are stacked and loaded into the double cylindrical space of the container, and a transmission material is inserted into the gaps between the packs and the gap (space) between the packs and the can body. As this heat transfer material, it is preferable to use a material that is always in a liquid state at the operating temperature of this unit. Enclosure of this liquid improves heat transfer between the annular container and the can body, and also serves to prevent leakage when the heat storage material is in a molten state. The latent heat storage unit configured in this manner effectively transfers heat to the atmosphere outside the can body 15 (for example, air flow) and the air flow in the air passage 33, so that a large number of these units can be used. By connecting or gathering them together, it is possible to construct a heat storage tank that has an extremely large amount of heat storage and heat radiation per unit volume, and can also store the heat for a long period of time, from summer to winter. can.

21 and 22 show an example of a unit for latent heat storage which is advantageous when using both gas (e.g. air) and liquid (e.g. water) as the heat medium. As shown in FIG. 22, the can body 17 shown in FIG. It is loaded inside. In other words, the small-diameter annular container 32b, which has an outer diameter smaller than the inner diameter of the large-diameter annular container 32a, is replaced with the large-diameter annular container 3.
2a concentrically and connect it to the air passage 33.
They are stacked and loaded in a can body 17 having a diameter. Therefore, in the can body 17, an outer ring laminate consisting of the large-diameter annular container 32a and an inner ring laminate consisting of the small-diameter annular container 32b are formed. A coil 26 for flowing a liquid heat medium into the gap 41 between the outer ring laminate and the inner ring laminate.
is located. Except for forming this double inner and outer ring laminate and arranging the coil 26,
This is the same as explained in FIG. 20, and it can be effectively used even when gas (air) is used as a heat medium. Furthermore, by filling the voids in the can 17 in which the annular containers 32a and 32b and the coil 26 are placed with a liquid heat transfer material, the same effects as in the case of FIGS. 19 and 20 can be obtained.

The heat storage unit shown in FIGS. 16 to 22 also
They can be joined or stacked together in the same manner as described for the heat storage units shown in FIGS. 8 to 12, thereby forming the heat storage tank B of the present invention.

The heat storage heater of the present invention is provided with a heat storage tank B consisting of an aggregate of heat storage units as described above.
It can store the abundant solar heat during the summer and mid-season for a long period of time. In other words, if the heat storage operation described above is performed during the season of strong solar radiation and the heat storage material in each unit in the heat storage tank B is melted, unless the heat medium flow is actively conducted, more specifically, the second ~3. If the blower 6 in Fig. 7 is stopped and the dampers at various locations are closed, and if a water circulation mechanism is also installed for hot water supply, if the water circulation is stopped, this heat storage material can be removed. It can maintain its molten state for a long period of time, and although some of the solidification heat is used to keep the system warm, most of it can be used for heating or hot water supply in the winter.

Next, a heating method using this latent heat storage will be explained. The heat storage heating device of the present invention is particularly suitable for general residential use, and one or more devices are installed in each house, and its heat storage capacity is used as part or all of the heating heat source during the coldest season. In this case, in order to avoid wasting the amount of latent heat radiated and to radiate a controlled amount of heat according to the load, it is preferable to use an underfloor hot air circulation system. That is, a closed air circulation path is formed in the underfloor space of the building, and the air path of the heat storage heater of the present invention described above is connected to this underfloor air circulation path, and the heat collector A and/or the heat storage tank B and this underfloor air circulation path are connected. It is preferable to circulate a controlled amount of air through the air circulation path.

FIG. 23 schematically shows an example of this heating method, and shows an example of controlled operation using a microcomputer μ. In the figure, 45 is an under-floor air outgoing path, and 46 is an under-floor air return path, and virtually all of the air that has circulated from this under-floor air outgoing path 45 to the living room, bedroom, kitchen, and other under-floor paths 45a to 45c is Returning to the underfloor air return path 46, the air blower 6 causes closed circulation between the heat storage heater and the underfloor air path. Reference symbols A, B, and 6 to 14 in the figure indicate the same elements as those in Figures 2 to 7, and 47 to 49 indicate a switch mechanism consisting of a temperature sensor and a relay that follows it;
Reference numerals 50 to 52 indicate automatic dampers that are turned on and off by means of 47 to 49, and temperature sensors 53 to 54 of the heat storage tank B. The blower 6 has a variable speed motor that can adjust the air volume, and the air volume is controlled according to the load using commands 47 to 49. Also, even during heat storage operation, 53~
Capacity control operation is performed by command 54. During heating operation, the microcomputer μ controls dampers 7 to 11 according to the required load of each room.
, the closing/opening control of the dampers 50 to 52, and the rotational speed control of the blower monitor are calculated appropriately, and the control is automatically performed based on these calculations.

In this way, according to the present invention, the object stated at the beginning is suitably achieved, and the excess solar heat in the summer or mid-season is utilized without wastage during heating in the winter.
Furthermore, the thermal storage heater of the present invention is manufactured as an independent device that can be transported, and the size of each unit of the device can be manufactured to match the scale of the house, or the unit devices can be combined to correspond to the load. It is convenient to manufacture and use, and greatly contributes to true energy-saving heating.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view showing an example of the device of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along the line -' in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 is an air passage system diagram of the device shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 4 is a plan sectional view of the part shown in Fig. 1, and Fig. 5 is the same. A plan sectional view of the part, Fig. 6 is a plan sectional view of the part, Fig. 7
The figure is a plan sectional view of the same part, FIG. 8 is an overall perspective view showing one example of a heat storage unit, and FIG.
FIG. 10 is a schematic sectional view showing an example of connecting the units shown in FIG. 8, FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing an example of a unit connection joint, and FIG. 12 is a heat storage unit. 13 is a perspective view showing an example of a combination of the units in FIG. 12, FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a buffer plate, and FIG. 15 is a planar arrangement of the units in FIG. 12. A plan view showing an example, Fig. 16 is a conceptual diagram of the lamination of the pack loaded in the heat storage unit, Fig. 17 is a sectional view of the pack, Fig. 18 is an enlarged view of part A in Fig. 17, and Fig. 19 is a heat storage 20 is a sectional view taken along the line X-X' in FIG. 19, FIG. 21 is a conceptual diagram of lamination showing another example of the pack, and FIG. 22 is a heat storage FIG. 23 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing another example of the heater unit, and is a control flow diagram for explaining the method of operating the regenerative heater of the present invention. A...Pneumatic solar heat collector, B...Latent heat storage tank, 1, 2...Upper chamber, 3, 4...Lower chamber, 5...Machine room, 6...Variable speed blower, 7-11... ...Damper, 14...Air outflow path,
12...Air inflow path, 13...Load, 45...Underfloor air outgoing path, 46...Underfloor air return path, 50-52
...damper, μ...microcomputer.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Pneumatic solar heat collector A in one box
, a latent heat storage tank B, and an air passage through which air can be circulated to one or both of A and B in a switchable manner, the latent heat storage tank B is composed of an assembly of cans enclosing a substance capable of phase change at the operating temperature, each of said cans consisting of a cylindrical unit of substantially the same shape with an axially penetrating fluid passage; This assembly of can bodies is made up of a plurality of units so that a space through which air can flow is formed between each can body, and air flows from the fluid passage of one can body to the fluid passage of another can body. A heat storage heater characterized by being constructed by laminating. 2 Pneumatic solar heat collector A in one box
, a latent heat storage tank B, and an air passage through which air can be circulated to one or both of A and B in a switchable manner, the latent heat storage tank B is composed of an assembly of cans enclosing a substance capable of phase change at the operating temperature, each of said cans consisting of a cylindrical unit of substantially the same shape with an axially penetrating fluid passage; This assembly of can bodies is made up of a plurality of units so that a space through which air can flow is formed between each can body, and air flows from the fluid passage of one can body to the fluid passage of another can body. When heating a building using a thermal storage heater characterized by being constructed by layering: An air circulation path is formed in the underfloor space of the building, The air passage of the regenerative heater is connected to circulate a controlled amount of air between the pneumatic solar heat collector A and/or the latent heat storage tank B of the regenerative heater and the underfloor air circulation path. Heating method.