JPH03502842A - switching system - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] switching system The present invention is composed of a switch member, a module, and a bus, and the module is , by one or several elements interconnected by a bus and a switch member. It relates to a switching system which is a physical device formed by Here, what is a bus? , means some external channels for connecting elements to each other.

In this context, "element" refers to similar and/or dissimilar processors, storage, gates, channels or similar members or devices, at least in pairs. It means something that can be switched at the same time. The element can e.g. connected to the system, where the elements differ considerably over a wide range. They can be connected to each other in combination. These connectable elements are generally It can perform mechanical, optical, acoustic, etc. operations.

In a versatile multiprocessor computer system, the basis for this The fundamental requirement is to easily implement all logically possible switches between all used elements. It must be possible to form a combination of tings. This request is often can be somewhat relaxed since the elements of are the same. However, one step Achieving a flexible switching system with multiple steps requires many interconnected elements. This is extremely difficult because the Some of today's multiprocessor systems In a system, its switching system is the largest contributor to the overall system. It forms the largest and most expensive part. However, the switching system It can also be implemented as a hierarchical system with several switching steps.

The purpose of the invention is to realize a new switching system based on a hierarchical system and this object is achieved by the novel features of the invention as claimed. achieved.

According to the invention, this switching system includes a switch member, a module and a and a bus, and the module is formed by one or several elements. It is a physical device that is connected to each other by a bus and a switch member. Book A feature of the invention is that the switch member is a controllable switch; and controlled by at least one control device; , at least two switch groups are arranged for each module, the first The switch group is connected between the module and the bus, and the module is connected through this switch group. The desired linkage channel of the module is connected to the bus, which connects the module. are connected to each other, while the second set of switches are connected to the bus and thereby A bus channel allows the first switch group and the module to communicate with each other via a bus. It is divided so that it can be connected.

Modules generally have several separate elements, so each module has It is advantageous to arrange a third group of switches accordingly. This third group of switches interface channel of the module, and thereby the internal switch of the module. The matching is performed by connecting the linked channels together, and also by connecting the desired linked channels. A channel is connected to the first switch group and other modules through it. .

One of the effects brought about by the switching system according to the present invention is that the system The system can be easily extended. The number of switch groups depends on the processor or The number is comparable to the number of response modules. The number of modules includes additional modules and required The number of switches can be increased by connecting necessary switch groups to the system.

Control of a group of switches can be performed by either local control or central control. Ru.

Moreover, the system is extremely fault tolerant and requires only one switch element or Even if a failure occurs in one part of the switch group, the module and the entire system will continue to operate. will not hinder.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, said switch group is a switch matrix. It has a form. The advantage of a switch matrix is that between its input pole and output field It is possible to form arbitrary switching. In addition, it is generally Since the channel is said to have duplex communication, the input pole and output field are the same. Yes, they are mutually compatible.

Various embodiments of the invention include, for example, switch vectors and triangular switches. The use of various variations of switch matrices such as matrix It is possible.

Moreover, the switch group, or at least a portion thereof, may be modular in size. can be configured to be smaller than the number of federated channels within. This allows the switch The number of input and output poles of the group can be reduced.

According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that at least two of said groups of switches are They can be combined to form one common switch group. switch like this The group can be realized, for example, as a switch matrix, so that the required external inputs and outputs The number of poles can be significantly reduced. The common switch group area can be categorized in any desired manner. can be done. Relatively small requirements for external linkage poles are due to most switching This is because the process is performed inside the switch group.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail based on the drawings, but here, FIG. 1 shows a module with 16 external linkage channels; FIG. 2A is a diagram showing the switch matrix and its control device, and FIG. 2B is a diagram showing the switch matrix and its control device. Figure 3 is a diagram showing symbols representing switch vectors, Figure 4 is a diagram showing symbols representing linear A diagram showing a switching system comprising a bus, FIG. 5 shows that switch groups S1 and 83 are combined to form one common switch group. Figure 6, which shows the rollers, combines switch groups S1 and S2 into one common switch. Figure 7 shows how all switch groups are combined into one group. A diagram showing the formation of a common switch group, FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a coupling switch matrix, and FIG. 9 shows a two-dimensional bus. Diagram showing a switching system, Figure 10 shows another switching system, also with a two-dimensional bus. be.

The switching system according to the invention is based on a hierarchical principle. can be switched The elements are arranged into appropriate groups, or physical units. Below, we will model this physical device. It's called Joule. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a module M, and this module M is 1 It has 6 external communication channels. For simplicity, modules are identical to each other and have an equal number of elements. However, in reality, the module are different from each other and/or may have a different number of elements Please pay attention to this point. In addition, each module has one or several linked modules. Assume that you have a channel. The channel may be duplex or simplex. Alternatively, it may have both properties, and this point should be considered in the switch control rules. only considered. In fact, channels are, for example, galvanic, optical, or means a bus for transmitting information. Moreover, linked channels can be used for serial or parallel transmission. can include one or several physical buses operating on the basis of . All or some of the module signals can be entered into the file. In the latter case, some permanent switching is running inside the module.

For switching, appropriate switch groups are used. Switching is Formed between elements located at least in separate modules, but in the same module They may also be formed between elements within a module. A group of switches allows the module to The desired switching is created between the input channel and the output channel. Swish A switch group consists of several controllable switch members, and thereby allows the signal to be Transmission occurs when the switch is turned on, and signal transmission is stopped when the switch is turned off. be able to. Setting the mode (on, off) of the switch member by the control device and will be monitored.

An advantageous example of a group of switches is a cross-connect matrix, a switch with a size of This is a schematic diagram of a matrix, and FIG. 2B is a diagram showing symbols representing it.

The four input poles t are connected to the output rod 1 via a switch member k. tX One switch member is located at the intersection of the matrix and is activated by the control device O. controlled. The black triangle in the diagram represents a switch in the on state. There is. This switch matrix allows the connection between the human power pole of the matrix and the output rod. You can freely switch between them. Additionally, it is generally possible to switch The channel is said to have dual communication, so the input and output poles are the same. are mutually compatible. Of course, switches realized in other forms can be used, among other things. can be considered as various types of polyphase switches. In addition, control of the local switch group Control device 0 can be switched simultaneously in preparation for global control.

Modules that are switched simultaneously are connected by a bus. For bus use Therefore, it is necessary to optimize between local switching and wide-area switching. is important. Regarding this point, as will be clear from what will be explained later, This is accomplished by controlling bus usage using a group of switches.

FIG. 4 shows a switching system according to the invention, in which a module M is connected to a bus V This shows the case where the switches can be switched at the same time. For each module M , three switch groups S1, S2, and S3 are provided. By switch group S1 Then, the channel of the module M whose communication with the bus V is to be maintained is selected. Swish Channel group S2 is used for bus commands, so that the bus channel in question Depending on the placement distance of one or several modules that can be switched into a channel Divided into sections of varying lengths.

The second switch group S2 is composed of switch vectors as schematically shown in Fig. 3. It is advantageous to do so. Input poles t1, t2,..., tn are 1, k2 to the switch , . . . kn are connected to the output rods 11.12, . . . , 1n. That space The switch is controlled by control device 02. 1,k for each switch element 2, . . . , kn, each channel 1.2, . It can be turned off with the switch position.

Switch group S3 is used to perform internal switching within the module. I can stay. A third group of switches is not always necessary, and In some cases, the structure is simple and no internal switching is required, or in cases where the internal switching is fixed. This third group of switches is not required if the method is implemented in this way.

Each of the switch groups S1, S2, and S3 has a dedicated control device 01.02.03. (not shown) and one common local controller.

Switch group S3 is a triangular switch with half of the matrix switch and a diagonal element missing. It can be realized as a patch matrix. This is possible because the switch This is because the matching is performed by unspecified pairs.

The size of switch group S3 should be smaller than the total number of input/output channels of the module. be able to. For example, it may be half of the total number. Such a large The size setting is possible when assigning functions to modules. modules whose connection channels are always on different sides of the switch group. be.

By combining the two switch groups into one common switch group, achieved. Figure 5 shows how these two switch groups can be combined into the same switch matrix. It shows how to The size of the switch matrix is determined by the module It can be equal to the number n of connection channels in M. In some cases, another large A group of small switches can also be used. Similarly, local switches and global switches The ratio between the two groups can be set to other than n/2 shown in the figure.

Also, instead of the switch vector, the switch group S2 can be used as a switch vector as shown in FIG. It can also be realized as a patch matrix. In this case, more switches However, it is necessary to carry out this procedure advantageously when linking the functions of a group of switches. Can be done.

The functions of switch groups S1 and 82 are connectable, and when these switch groups are combined, to form one common switch group.

Figure 6 shows how to combine these switch groups into the same switch matrix. is schematically shown.

The functions of all switch groups S-1, S2, and S3 are connected to the same switch group. be able to. Figure 7 shows how all these switch groups are combined into the same switch block. This diagram schematically shows how to make tricks. In this case, the switch matrix must be large enough.

Implementing all switch groups in a single switch matrix is therefore It would be very advantageous if specially designed switch groups were provided. in this case, The number of external switch poles of the required component device can be significantly reduced. A switch like this One such matrix is shown in FIG. The linking pole of the module is bus V is connected to the pole ml of the switch matrix, and the bus V is connected to the input pole vs of that bus. and are respectively connected to the output column vu of that bus. This switch matrix is divided into sections, and local switching is performed in region 1 for channel entry selection. is performed in region 2, and bus channel expansion and separation are performed in region 3. will be carried out.

The switch matrix must be realized as a so-called generalized structure. do not have. In other words, it is best to use several switch members with the same row or column. Yes. In Figure 8, regions 1.2 and 3 of the switch matrix are The size can be selected to suit the specific application. this from the matrix These areas can be classified in a variety of different ways, and what is shown in the above drawing is simply that. This is just an example. A more complete combination matrix is shown in Figure 7, where In this case, the entry signal can be selected from two bus connectors. Especially pointed out One thing to keep in mind is that the switching of the coupling matrix does not have to be perfect. That's what I mean. In other words, it is absolutely necessary to have a switch at each intersection. In some cases, Sui-Sochi may be arranged in a triangular matrix, or even is even possible to place it diagonally only. A group of such combined switches A notable advantage is the relatively small number of external channel connectors required. However, most of the switching is done inside the switch matrix node. This is because it can be executed in the section.

In the above, the switching system of the present invention will be explained using a linear bus as an example. It explains. How to apply this switching system to a two-dimensional bus An example is shown in FIG. The switch group S connected to the module M is simple. Although it is represented as a single block for the purpose of Via, Vlb and V2aSV in both X and Y directions. 2bSV2c.

FIG. 10 shows how the switching system of the present invention connects to another two-dimensional bus. It shows how it will be modified to suit. Bus Via, Vlb and V2aSV A separate switch group S2 is arranged at the intersection of 2b. This switch group S2 Accordingly, each channel can perform one of the following processes. vinegar That is, the channels may be connected straight in the direction of the X or Y coordinates, or The direction can be changed from the direction to the Y direction or from the Y direction to the X direction, or , or blocked. In addition to this, the switch group S1 selects Modinir M can be connected to bus Vl via a desired linkage channel. Ru. The switch groups S1, S2 are connected in the same way as in the case of a linear bus, i.e. -vector or multi-stage switches -and/or combinations thereof This can be achieved by matching. Also, about the different types of irregular switches There is also room for consideration. Even in this case, a particularly practical solution is, for example , by applying the combination switch matrix of FIG. 7 or 8.

The switching system of the present invention provides three-dimensional module switching and/or Alternatively, it can be applied to connection with a three-dimensional bus structure. In addition, in higher dimensions Switching is also possible, but this is limited by the physical realization of multiprocessors, for example. As long as it does, it does not provide any additional advantage.

The present invention has been explained above by taking up some preferable specific examples, but the present invention It is clear that the invention is not limited to these specific examples. present invention covers many different types of switches within the spirit defined in the claims. It can be applied to the switching system.

Fig, 1 Fig 2A Fio, 2B ■...' international search report Ichigo Misaki Yu-I Ichibanmu Pass-1 Hitomi PII/PCT/Fl 89100027 International Investigation report PCT/Fl 89100027

Claims (7)

[Claims] 1. Consists of a switch member, a module, and a bus, and the module consists of one or a physical device formed by several elements, including a bus and a switch member. In the switching system in which the switch members are connected to each other, A controllable switch (K) arranged in a switch group (S) with at least one be controlled by the control device (0), and each module For the module (M), at least two switch groups (S1, S2) are arranged, The first one (S1) is connected between said module (M) and said bus (V). , through the first switch group (S1), a desired linkage channel of the module. the module is connected to the bus, by which the different modules are connected to each other. On the other hand, the second switch group (S2) is connected to the bus (V), thereby The first switch group (S1) and the module (M) A switch characterized by being divided into two parts so that they can be switched to each other. Ching system. 2. For each module (M), a third switch group (S3) is arranged. , it (S3) is connected to the association channel of said module and Therefore, the internal switching of the module is implemented by connecting the linkage channels. and the desired linkage channel is connected to the first switch group (S1) and its The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the system is connected to other modules through the stem. 3. The switch group (S1, S2, S3) is in the form of a switch matrix. 3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: 4. The second switch group (S2) is characterized in that it is in the form of a switch vector. 4. The system according to claim 3, wherein the system is characterized by: 5. The third switch group (S3) has a size equal to that of the module (M). The request is configured to be smaller than the number of linkage channels. The system according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4. 6. The third switch group (S3) is in the form of a triangular switch matrix. 5. The system according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that: 7. At least two of the switch groups (S1, S2; S1, S3; S1, S2, S3) are characterized in that they are combined to form one common switch group. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 6.