JPH0348292A - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable complicate musical sound control faithfully to key operation by varying musical sound control parameters in steps according the signal generated by a signal generating means corresponding to the movement of an operation element over the entire movement range. CONSTITUTION:A key operation pulse detecting circuit 100, a key depression detecting circuit 110, a key depression end detecting circuit 120, and a touch data generating circuit 130 are provided for each key. The key operation pulse detecting circuit 100 detects a pulse signal generated by a pulse generation part PG provided for each key to generate a waveform. Then when an operation element for musical sound control such as a key is operated, the movement quantity of the operation element is increased associatively with the operation and the signal generating means PG generates the signal corresponding to the movement over the entire movement range, thereby varying the musical sound control parameters in a number of steps according to the signal. Consequently, the player can play a musical sound with delicate feeling.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to electronic musical instruments such as electronic organs and electronic pianos that have musical tone control operators (III! keys, etc.), and in particular to The present invention relates to a means for accurately making subtle operator operations based on expressions appear in musical tones.

[Summary of the invention]

The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument having an operator for controlling musical tones, which includes an operation amount expanding means for expanding the operation amount of the operator, and a signal generating means for generating a signal in response to the movement over the entire movement range of the operator. , and means for changing musical tone control parameters in multiple stages according to the signal.
This allows the performer to express complex emotions in a detailed way over the entire stroke by changing the way the player touches the controls.

[Conventional technology]

Electronic musical instruments such as electronic organs and pianos have basically been designed to control the sound produced by opening and closing key switches by pressing keys, but the sound production characteristics are monotonous if only these keys are pressed.
Unlike the piano, it is not possible to perform a performance that expresses the performer's emotions. Therefore, various technologies have been developed to provide a so-called touch response function in order to allow emotional expression by changing the pronunciation characteristics depending on the force applied when pressing a key. This touch response function responds to the movement of the performer's fingers at the onset of the key press and during the sustained state of the sound after the key press.
Touch control is used to control the volume, pitch, timbre, etc. of the musical sounds generated. For this purpose, for example, as seen in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 54-6421, there is a device that generates an induced electromotive force by relatively displacing a magnet and a coil by pressing a key, and uses the output as a control signal for touch response. ．． In addition, as seen in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 57-31331, a conductive elastic member is deformed in response to a key press, and a plurality of fixed contacts arranged in a row on a board are successively short-circuited to gradually change the resistance value. There are also devices that change the voltage to a voltage and use it as a touch response control signal.

Furthermore, as seen in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-18812, a rotary disk-shaped movable contact rotates when a key is pressed, and digital signals generated by sequentially contacting multiple fixed contacts on a board are used to generate musical performances. It is also thought that it may have an effect.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, each of these conventional techniques has the following problems. The first and second methods both provide touch response through analog signal processing, which increases the hardware required for electronic musical instruments, leading to increased costs, and it is generally difficult to ensure stable operation. be.
In addition, in the second case, it is difficult to reduce the pitch of the fixed contacts too much, both because of the size of the contacts and because the wiring becomes enormous, so detailed control is impossible. The third method is particularly convenient for use in electronic musical instruments that generate musical tones through digital signal processing using microcomputers, which have become mainstream in recent years, since it is possible to provide touch responses using digital signals. However, the signal generation accuracy is still limited by the contact arrangement, and the number of output lines required is equal to the number of contacts. Also, its structure is complex. Not only is it complicated and limits the degree of freedom in design, but
There are also problems in terms of durability. Since all of these conventional devices generate signals directly by the movement of the key, which is the operator, the movement stroke is small, and the signal corresponding to the movement can be generated with high precision over the entire movement range. It was not possible to realize complex musical tone control faithfully to the subtle fly operations. The purpose of this invention is to solve these problems with conventional electronic musical instruments, and to enable fine-grained touch control to be achieved with high precision over the entire stroke of the controller, depending on the player's operating method. Suppose that [Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an electronic musical instrument having an operator for controlling musical tones, an operation that expands the amount of operation of the operator in conjunction with the operation of the operator. an amount enlarging means, a signal generating means for generating a signal corresponding to the movement of the operation amount enlarging means over the entire movement range, and a musical tone control parameter in a plurality of stages in response to the signal generated by the signal generating means. It is equipped with a means for changing. Further, the signal generating means is a pulse generating means that generates a large number of pulses corresponding to the movement of the operation amount expanding means over the entire movement range, and the musical tone is controlled according to the number of pulses generated by this pulse generating means. It is preferable to change the parameters in multiple steps.

This pulse generating means can be constituted by a magnetic change inducing means provided on one of the operation amount enlarging means and its support member, and a magnetic change detecting means provided on the other.

Alternatively, the pulse generating means may be constituted by an optical change inducing means provided on one of the operation amount enlarging means and its support member, and an optical change detecting means provided on the other. In this specification, the term "operator" refers not only to the white and black keys of a keyboard in a so-called keyboard electronic musical instrument, but also to pushbutton keys, the treadle of an expression pedal device, a lever, a joystick operator, etc. include. Also, "musical tone control parameters" are
It includes all musical sound control parameters such as volume, timbre, pitch, tempo, depth and speed of vibrato and tremolo.

[For production]

In the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention, when an operator for controlling a musical tone such as a key is operated, the operation amount expanding means expands the amount of movement of the operator in conjunction with the operation, and covers the entire expanded movement range. The signal generating means generates a signal in response to the movement, and the musical tone control parameter can be changed in many stages in response to the signal. Furthermore, when a pulse generating means is provided as the signal generating means, the musical tone control parameters can be easily changed in multiple stages according to the number of generated pulses by digital signal processing using a microcomputer, etc. If the above-mentioned magnetic change inducing means and magnetic change detecting means, or optical change inducing means and optical change detecting means are provided as the pulse generating means, a large number of pulses can be generated in a non-contact manner according to the movement of the operation amount expanding means. can be generated.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, various embodiments will be described regarding an operation amount expanding means that expands the operation amount in conjunction with the operation of a key as an operator, and a means for generating a signal in response to the movement over the entire movement range. explain.

Figures 1 to 12 are diagrams for explaining the first embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the present invention is applied to an electronic keyboard musical instrument having an inertial mass body, such as an electronic piano. First, the keyboard device of this embodiment will be briefly explained using FIGS. 1 and 2.

In Figure 1, the controls are white fla1 and black! 11' is shown here, but the black #11' differs from the white III only in shape and color, but its mounting condition and relationship with the interlocking member 5, which will be described later, are the same, so here they will be collectively referred to as keys. It is called 1.

11 has a concave surface 1a having a cylindrical inner surface shape at the base end, and this concave surface 1a serves as a keyboard frame (hereinafter simply referred to as "r frame").
It is slidably in sliding contact with a cylindrical pin 3 fixed to the rear end of the slit 2a of No. 2.

A cylindrical bottle 4 is provided at the front end of the slit 2a of the frame 2.
is fixedly attached to this pin 4, and an interlocking member (hereinafter referred to as a "hammer" for convenience) consisting of a crank-shaped mass body (for example, iron) is attached to the pin 4.
A concave surface 5a having a cylindrical inner surface formed at the base end of the spring 5 slides freely in sliding contact, and a free end of a leaf spring 6 whose base end is fixed to the bottle 3 is engaged with the rear end step 5b. The hammer 5 is biased in the clockwise direction as shown in FIG. 2, and the key 1 is also biased in the clockwise direction near the base end of the leaf spring 6, giving each a return habit. The hammer 5 is provided with an engagement pressing portion 5c that engages with a recess 1b provided at the lower side of the key 1. When the key is pressed, the hammer 5 is also pushed by the biasing force of the leaf spring 6 due to the downward swinging of the key 1. oscillates in the same direction against the

At this time, since there is a large difference in the distance from the engagement pressing part 5c of the key 1 and the hammer 5 to the pins 3 and 4 that are the respective fulcrums (that is, the hammer 5 has a larger distance between the engagement pressing part 5c and the fulcrum 4).
), due to the slight stroke of @1,
The stroke of hammer 5 can be expanded several times, providing a piano-like touch. in this way. A mechanism for expanding the operation amount of the hammer 111 and moving the hammer 5 is the operation amount expansion mechanism.

Therefore, as shown in FIG.
A magnet pattern 5d with alternately magnetized poles is provided to serve as a magnetic change inducing means, and a resin frame 7 shaped by injection molding as shown in FIG. 4 is fixed to the lower surface of the frame 2. The magnet patterns 5d of the hammer 5 are inserted into each of the gaps 7a of the frame 7 with a slight gap between them and both side walls. When molding the frame 7, a flexible substrate 8 having a plurality of conductive patterns 8a (for example, one octave of the hammer 5) as shown in FIG. 5 is placed in the mold.
After bending and inserting the conductive pattern 8a into the state shown in FIG. 6, resin is injected. And the thin 1 of the molded frame 7! A conductive pattern 8a as shown in FIG. 6 is provided on side wall surfaces 7b, 7c, and 7d surrounding Jt7a, and the conductive pattern 8a on both side wall surfaces 7b and 7d emits radiation from pin 4 of frame 2 (FIG. 2). The conductive patterns on both side walls 7b and 7d are shifted by one pitch of the magnet pattern 5d provided on the hammer 5, thereby forming a magnetic change detecting means. Here, to briefly explain the manufacturing method of the hammer 5, the hammer 5 has a tip portion 5, an intermediate portion 5f, and a
, the base 5g is divided into three parts, each made of iron material, and a notch 5h as shown, for example, in the middle part 5f shown in FIG. After magnetizing both sides of this intermediate portion 5f in a layered manner, a resin layer 51 is outcircuited into this notch portion 5h.

In the same manner, resin is applied to the ridges of the tip 5e and base 5g, and they are assembled together as shown in Fig. 7. This is to prevent the edges of the hammer 5 from coming into contact with the inner surface of the frame 7, but the thinner the resin layer is, the greater the change in the lines of magnetic force can be. Therefore, it is most desirable to eliminate this resin outsert and flatten the ridgeline portion of the hammer 5. In order to magnetize the intermediate portion 5f of the hammer 5, a powerful electromagnet M. Using an automatic magnetization machine equipped with an automatic magnetization machine, partial magnetization of the front surface is performed while moving the two relative to each other at a predetermined pitch, and when the magnetization of the front surface is completed, the back surface is similarly magnetized. Thereby, rows of N and S poles can be formed on both the front and back surfaces of the intermediate portion 5f.

In addition, if the magnetic poles of the automatic magnetizer are respectively opposed to both sides of the intermediate part 5f, it is possible to magnetize both the front and back sides at the same time. According to this embodiment, when the lIa1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 swings downward using the center of the pin 3 as a fulcrum by pressing a key, the hammer 5 moves at a higher speed than @1 using the center of the pin 4 as a fulcrum. The magnet pattern 5d then passes across the conductive pattern 8a. At this time, a current flows through the conductive pattern 8a, and the relationship between the conductive pattern 8a and the magnet pattern 5d is schematically shown in FIG. 10 in a plan view, and its principle will be explained. When the magnet pattern 5d is in the state shown in the figure, the magnetic field directed from the north pole to the south pole causes the conductive pattern 8b to move as shown by arrows Y,
The current flows in the Y' direction, but the magnet pattern 5d is aligned with the arrow X.
If you move one pitch in the direction, the direction of the magnetic field will be reversed, so
The direction of the current is also reversed. Positive and negative pulses are obtained by this current change.

Since the conductive pattern 8a is formed by connecting the portions perpendicular to the moving direction of the magnet pattern 5d to form a repeating pattern, the pattern length becomes long and a large pulse can be generated in a small space.

Now, assuming that the pattern length of the conductive pattern 8a is g, the moving speed of the magnet pattern 8a is υ, and m flux density is B, the induced electromotive force E generated in the conductive pattern 8a can be expressed by the following equation.

E=uBj2 In this embodiment, the conductive patterns 8a are arranged on both sides of the magnet pattern 5d, but the principle is exactly the same as that shown in FIG. 10 above, and by increasing the pattern length of the conductive patterns 8a, It can be seen that an electromotive force is obtained.

Although the number of pulses generated in this embodiment is inversely proportional to the pitch of the magnet pattern 5d, the magnetization pitch may not be able to be made very small due to the relationship with the magnetic flux density. This problem can be solved by changing the shape of the conductive pattern. FIG. 11 shows an example of the conductive pattern.

This occurs at the center of one side of the conductive pattern 8c.
The pitch is shifted by an amount equivalent to 172 of the pitch of the magnet pattern 5d, and correspondingly, the other side is similarly shifted by 1/2 pitch.

In this way, the conductive pattern 8c is connected to one of the magnet patterns 5d.
By shifting the conductive pattern 8c in the direction of the arrow X (vertical direction) by 2 pitches, the pitch of the magnetic field change that the portion of the conductive pattern 8c perpendicular to the arrow X receives becomes 172. iii stone pattern 5
Twice as many pulses can be generated for the same amount of movement d.

Alternatively, instead of changing the conductive pattern in this way, the conductive pattern remains as shown in FIG. A similar effect can be obtained by shifting the pitch by 1/2 pitch in the X direction (vertical direction). The number of pulses generated per unit time according to this embodiment is proportional to the key pressing speed, that is, the key pressing strength, so by changing the above-mentioned musical tone control parameters in multiple stages corresponding to this number of pulses, the player's It is possible to generate any desired musical tone.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIGS. 13 to 16.

In this embodiment as well, the configurations of the key 1 attached to the keyboard frame 2 and the hammer 5 which expands and moves in conjunction with the key 1 are the same as in the first embodiment.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13, a plate-shaped permanent magnet is installed inside the tip of the hammer 5 that protrudes above the frame 2 as a magnetic change inducing means, with N and S poles arranged vertically. Laminated magnets 18 stacked so as to appear alternately
One magnetic pole surface of the laminated magnet 18 is fixed, and the other magnetic pole surface 18a of the laminated magnet 18 is shaped by making the N pole protrude and the S pole recessed along a cylindrical surface centered on the rotational fulcrum of the hammer 5. It's intimidating. In addition, a printed circuit board 9 is attached to the surface of the frame 2,
Slits 9a are provided on this printed circuit board 9 at the same intervals as the key 1, and coils 10 are printed over each slit 9a, and the ends of each coil 10 are divided into 1 octave sections and guided to connection terminals. At the same time, the other end of each octave is connected to the ground side.

A yoke piece 13 made of a steel plate is placed on top of this printed circuit board 9 via an insulating adhesive sheet layer 12, and its bent portion 13a is inserted through the slit 9a of the printed circuit board 9 and touches the surface of the frame 2. (see Figure 14) and
The other end is opposed to the magnetic pole face 18a of the laminated magnet 18 provided on the @1 side with a slight gap therebetween.

In this state, a common support cover 14 made of a non-magnetic material made of resin, aluminum plate, etc. is placed over the top and fixed with a set screw (not shown) to prevent the yoke piece 13 from shifting and bending it. The portion 13a is pressed against the frame 2.

In this way, the magnetic change detection means is configured. In order to reduce the loss of magnetic flux, it is preferable that the tip of the yoke piece 13 be sharpened by shaping the sloped portion 13b.

Also, instead of pressing the bent portion 13a of the yoke piece 13 against the frame 2, the yoke piece 13' is made into a flat plate shape, and the bent portion 2a is provided on the frame 2, as shown in FIG. 2a may be placed in close contact with the yoke piece 13'. Next, the operation of the second embodiment configured as described above will be explained. Referring to FIG. 13, the magnetic path by the laminated magnet 18 forms a magnetic closed circuit that returns to the laminated magnet 8 via the yoke piece 13, the II board frame 2, and the rising piece 7.

Now, when the key is pressed from the state shown in FIG. 13, the hammer 5 rotates in the direction of arrow A around its fulcrum in conjunction with the rotation of the key (not shown), and the laminated magnet 18 also moves with the hammer 5. Since it moves downward in the figure as a unit, there is no N on the yoke piece 13.
When the poles are opposite and when the S poles are opposite, the direction of the magnetic lines of force passing through the yoke piece 13 is opposite, and the magnetic flux of the above-mentioned magnetic closed circuit changes rapidly intermittently. As a result, an induced current flows in the coil 10 formed around the yoke piece 13 in a pulsed manner while changing its direction alternately. Therefore, it is possible to generate a large number of pulses without contact, corresponding to the movement amount of the hammer 5 with the key operation amount expanded. The number of pulses generated per unit time by the coil 10 is also proportional to the key pressing speed, that is, the key pressing strength, so the musical tone control parameters can be changed in multiple steps corresponding to this number of pulses, as in the above embodiment. By,
It is possible to arbitrarily generate musical tones intended by the performer.

Note that the output line of the pulse signal from each coil 10 is as follows:
All that is required is a common ground line for each key and one signal line for each key.

Here, various aspects of one day of the laminated magnet will be explained using FIG. 16.

The magnetic pole face 18a shown in FIG.
The coil 10 has alternating poles and south poles, and the induced current generated in the coil 10 changes gently in a sine curve shape.

It is also possible to magnetize such a pitch between N and S poles on the order of microns. The one shown in the same figure (opening) is one in which the surface is formed into steps with alternating heights for each N pole and S pole, like the laminated magnet 18 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 13. This configuration is advantageous because the induced current generated in the coil 10 rises and falls sharply, making it possible to obtain pulses with high peaks. The one shown in the same figure (c) has the same shape as the one shown in the same figure (opening), and the entire stepped magnetic pole face facing the yoke piece 13 is the N pole (or S pole). The entire flat magnetic pole surface on the opposite side is the S pole (or N pole). The above three types of laminated magnets generate similar pulses when the hammer 5 moves forward (downward) and backward (upward), so if you want to use only the pulses generated during forward movement,
It is necessary to generate a signal to distinguish between forward and backward movement of the hammer 5 by other means, or to perform complicated signal processing. The one shown in FIG. 2 (2) is an improved version of this point, and the laminated magnet 18 has a high step part (in this example, the N pole) of the magnetic pole face facing the yoke 13 formed in a sawtooth shape. .

In this way, it is possible to make the positive rising pulse large and the negative falling pulse small during forward movement, and to make the positive rising pulse small and the negative falling pulse large during backward movement. By setting a threshold level higher than the positive rising pulse, it is possible to easily extract only the pulses that occur during forward movement.
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 to 23.

In this embodiment, pulses are generated photoelectrically by the movement of a hammer, which is an interlocking member of the key.

That is, a hammer 25 is provided in place of the hammer 5 of the first embodiment as shown in FIG. A pattern plate with a horizontal stripe pattern 26a consisting of horizontal black and white stripes as shown in FIG. A patterned surface 26b is formed.

A support stand 27 is protruded from the frame 2 and faces the pattern surface 28b with a slight gap therebetween. A reflective photosensor 28 and its wiring storage groove 27b are provided in the reflective photosensor 28 and its wiring storage groove 27b, and as shown in FIG. 28b.

This embodiment has such a configuration, and when the pattern surface 26b swings downward around the center of the pin 4 when a key is pressed, the light receiving element 28b intermittently receives light, which is then photoelectrically exchanged. Generates many pulses. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 20, a printed circuit board 30 having a coil 30a arranged around the hammer insertion hole 2b is attached to the frame 2, and the upper limit of the hammer 25 is This coil 30 just before the position
A magnet pattern 29 is formed at a position passing through a.

Thereby, a pulse signal can be generated in the coil 30a immediately before the key 1 returns.

In addition, if a magnet pattern similar to the magnet pattern 5d shown in FIG. 3 is formed on both sides of the hammer 25 over the entire stroke of the part that moves in the hammer insertion hole 2b, it is possible to Since alternating current can be generated in the coil 30a by the movement of the hammer 25, it is also possible to rectify the alternating current and use it as a power source for the photosensor 28.

In this way, it is possible to photoelectrically generate pulses in response to key operations without receiving power from outside the keyboard.

Further, as shown in FIG. 21, a metal plate 55 made of iron, aluminum, etc. is pasted on the inside of the front end surface 1a of the key 1, and the frame 2
If a printed circuit board 56 is fixed on the rising portion 2c of the printed circuit board 56, a coil 57 is printed on the surface facing the metal plate 55 on the fifth day of the printed circuit board, and a current is passed through the coil 57, the displacement of the key 1 causes When the metal plate 55 is displaced relative to the coil 57, the current flowing through the coil 57 changes.

By detecting this change in current by the current change detection circuit 58, a key-off (KOFF) signal can be obtained when 81 returns.

In this third embodiment, since the photosensor 28 generates exactly the same pulses when the hammer 25 moves back and forth, it is impossible to distinguish between them. In order to be able to determine the moving direction of the hammer, for example, the horizontal stripe pattern formed on the cylindrical surface 25a of the hammer 25 is divided into two parts from the center as shown in FIG.
The patterns 28A and 28B are shifted by a pitch, and a pair of reflective photosensors 28A and 28B are arranged at the same height in each part so as to face each other.

In this way, on the outward path of the hammer 25, the outputs A and B of the two photosensors 28A and 28B are, for example, as shown in FIG.
As shown in A), B becomes a waveform with a phase delay of A by π/2, and on the return trip, as shown in the same figure (opening), A becomes a waveform with a phase delay of B by π/2. .

Therefore, from the phase lead/lag of the outputs A and B, it is possible to determine whether the hammer 25 is moving forward or backward, that is, the forward movement or backward movement of @1.

Note that the pair of photosensors 28A and 28B may be arranged vertically shifted by 1/2 pitch of the horizontal stripe pattern without shifting the horizontal stripe pattern. Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, a support frame 31 is provided protruding from the lower surface of the tip of the hammer 5 similar to the first embodiment, and an opaque horizontal stripe pattern is printed on a transparent film at a fine pitch on this support frame 31. A shaped pattern plate 32 is held along the longitudinal direction of the hammer 5, and constitutes an optical change inducing means.

On the other hand, the frame 2 and the printed circuit board 4 arranged on it
0, H-shaped slits 2d and 40a through which the above-mentioned support frame 31 and pattern board 32 can be inserted are provided corresponding to each key, and a light emitting section is placed on both sides of the printed circuit board 40 with the slit 40a in between. A transmission type photosensor 33 is provided with a light receiving section 35a and a light receiving section 33b facing each other to constitute an optical change detecting means. Note that 45 is the lower limit stopper of the hammer 5, which is made of a cushioning material such as felt. Furthermore, although the pattern plate 32 and the transmissive photosensor 33 are shown separated in the figure, in reality the pattern plate 32 is connected to the light emitting portion 55 of the transmissive photosensor 33 even when the key is not pressed. and light receiving section 3ESb
It is located in the middle of the In this embodiment, when the key is pressed, the hammer 5 is moved to the arrow A.
When the pattern plate 32 moves in the direction and passes between the light emitting part 3'5a and the light receiving part 3E5b of the photosensor 35, the received light beam is intermittently blocked by the opaque horizontal striped pattern, and each time the transparent part passes A current flows through the light receiving section 35b. Therefore, a large number of pulses can be generated in accordance with the amount of movement of the key without contact.

Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIGS. 25 and 26. This embodiment also generates pulses photoelectrically by moving the hammer. In this embodiment, the hammer 5 is similar to the fourth embodiment described above.
A support frame 41 is provided protrudingly from the lower surface of the tip of the support frame 41.
In addition, a pattern plate 42 having a pattern surface 42a on which a black horizontal stripe pattern is formed at fine pitches by printing or the like on a white plate is held along the longitudinal direction of the hammer 5, and constitutes an optical change inducing means. .

On the other hand, instead of the transmission type photosensor, a reflection type photosensor 34 is disposed on the printed circuit board 40 of FIG. 24, facing the pattern surface 42a for each key, thereby configuring an optical change detection means. are doing.

As shown in FIGS. 26(a) to 26(c), this reflective photosensor 34 includes a light emitting section 3 that includes a light emitting element (LED) 34a, condensing lenses 34b and 54Q, and a reflecting surface 54d.
4A, and a light receiving section 34B consisting of a light receiving element (photodiode or phototransistor>54e, light receiving lenses 34f, 34g, and a reflecting surface 54h. The light emitting section 34A and the light receiving section 54B are configured in the same way. Therefore, Fig. 26 (c) is used for both, and the code of the light receiving part is written in parentheses.Then, the light emitting element 3
The light emitted from the light source 4a becomes a parallel beam of light by the condenser lens 34b, changes its direction at right angles by the reflective surface 34d, and then condenses onto the pattern surface 32b by the condenser lens 34c, and the reflected light from the pattern surface 32b is reflected by the light receiving lens. 34g, the light becomes a parallel beam of light, and after changing its direction at right angles at a reflecting surface 34h, the light is received by a light receiving lens 34f onto a light receiving element 34e. Therefore, when the hammer 5 rotates in the direction of arrow A by pressing the key and the pattern surface 42b of the pattern plate 42 moves in the same direction, the light emitted from the light emitting section 34A is transmitted to the light receiving section 34.
B intermittently receives light, performs photoelectric conversion, and generates a large number of electrical pulse signals corresponding to changes in the amount of received light.

Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIGS. 27 to 33. This embodiment is another example in which pulses are generated photoelectrically by utilizing the moiré phenomenon by moving a hammer in conjunction with key depression.

First, with reference to Figures 27 and 28, Figures 1 and 2.
In a keyboard device similar to the first embodiment shown in the figure, a recess 2e of the frame 2 is formed below the tip of the hammer 5, and the photoelectric change inducing means and the photoelectric change detection means of this embodiment are provided therein. A moiré sensor unit 80 is provided.

That is, a pair of frames 83,
85 are fixed at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the key 1. Two sets of grooves 81a, 8! are vertically parallel to the inner surface of the frame 83. lb, and the slide frame 84a of the slide member 84 is slidably inserted into the groove 8E5a on one side, and the magnet 84b is integrally fixed to the upper part of the slide member 84, and the upper surface of the magnet 84b is shaped like a cylinder. Formed into a planar shape,
It is attracted to the lower surface of the tip of the hammer 5 made of a magnetic material.

In the other groove 83b of the frame 83, a fixed pattern plate 85 having a striped pattern 85a in which transparent parts and opaque parts are alternately arranged at equal pitches P is stretched by heat sealing, as shown in FIG. A movable pattern plate 8 is equipped with a pattern frame 86, and a slide frame 84a has a striped pattern 87a tilted at a slight angle at the same pitch as the striped pattern 85a.
7 is similarly stretched almost parallel to the fixed pattern board 85.

Note that it is desirable that the opposing surfaces of the fixed pattern plate 85 and the movable pattern plate 87 be provided so close that they touch. For example, let Du=O. The light emitting section 8 of the transmission type photosensor 88 is placed between the fixed and movable pattern plates 85 and 87 on both sides.
8a and a light receiving section 88b are provided. According to this embodiment, when the hammer 5 rotates in the direction of arrow A in conjunction with the depression of the key 1, the slide member 84 attracted to it by the magnet 84b descends. At this time, the hammer 5 moves in an arc shape with the bin 4 as the center, and the slide member 84 moves towards the frame 83.
Since the magnet 84b is guided by the groove 8Sb, it moves linearly in the vertical direction, but since the upper surface of the magnet 84b is shaped into a cylindrical surface, it can move smoothly.

When the movable pattern plate 87 overlaps the fixed pattern plate 85 due to the descent of the slide member 84, thick moiré stripes 89 as shown in FIG. Moiré fringes 89 also move rapidly downward.

Here, if the pitch of the striped patterns 85a and 87a is P, the interval between the moiré fringes 89 is W, and the inclination angle of both patterns is θ, then the relationship P is established, and when the angle θ is sufficiently small, approximately ? W=■ (θ: radian) (2) θ.

Therefore, according to this method, the moire stripes 89 can be rapidly moved by a small amount of movement of the movable pattern plate 87, and tens to hundreds of moire stripes can be obtained with a small stroke of the hammer 5.

For example, the pitch of the striped pattern ssa, 87a is set to 0.1 m.
+, it is calculated that 100 lines can cross in a stroke of 10m+. By detecting this with the photo 1 sensor 88, a large number of pulses can be obtained. Incidentally, the inclination angle θ of both patterns is set so that the interval W between the moiré fringes is greater than or equal to the resolution of the photosensor 88. When the key 1 moves back, the magnet 84b of the winter ride member 84 is pulled by the hammer 5 and follows, so the movable pattern plate 87
also rises to the state shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 31, the slide frame 84a and the fixed pattern frame 8 are formed into an arc shape centered on the fulcrum C of the hammer 5, and the fixed pattern frame 84a and the fixed pattern frame 84 each have a striped pattern with equal pitch on both sides.
If both movable pattern plates 85b and 87b are tensioned, the inclination angles of both patterns are small at the beginning of the key press and become large at the end, so that the moire fringes that occur with the same amount of movement of the hammer 5 are reduced at the beginning. The number of final stages increases, and many pulses can be generated for a small amount of movement during after control.

Here, the principle that the moiré pattern crosses the photosensor as a key is pressed is explained in FIGS. 28, 30, and ! This will be explained in more detail based on FIG. 12 and FIG. 33. For convenience of explanation, the same parts are given the same reference numerals.

When the movable pattern plate 87 of FIG. 28 and the fixed pattern plate 85 are superimposed, the result is as shown in FIGS. 30, 32, and 33. FIG. 32 is an enlarged view of FIG. 30, and FIG. 33 is a further enlarged view of a part thereof.

In FIGS. 32 and 33, in order to explain the principle, the striped patterns ssa and asb are drawn with extremely thin lines.

As can be seen from Fig. 32, on the lines 91a-91b and 92a-92b connecting the points where the lines are black,
Lines and lines as indicated by O marks (85a and 87a in Figure 33)
The interval between is the widest.

Moreover, the distance between the lines is narrow between the lines 91a-9lb and the lines 92a-92b. A moiré pattern (opaque area) is created in this narrow area. In other words, if the line drawn in Fig. 32 is drawn as a thick line that is just slightly smaller than the pitch P, the narrow area mentioned above will become opaque, and the wide area marked with a circle (microscopically) will become opaque. Only the transparent part (diamond-shaped if you look at it) remains.

These transparent parts and opaque parts form a moiré pattern.

Here, in FIG. 33, it will be explained that a large number of moiré patterns are crossed by a small key press (movement distance).

In this figure, as explained above, the transparent portion of the moiré pattern is divided into lines 91a-9lb and 92. It can be done on -92b. Below, for convenience of explanation, we will focus on the transparent part. By moving the movable pattern plate 87 in the key depression direction DR, the intersection point PTI reaches the intersection point PT4 via the intersection point PTI'.

The fact that the intersection PTI moves to PT4 means that line 8
7a1 moves to line 87a2, so the moving distance of movable pattern plate 87 is D. That is, the moire pattern moves diagonally by the pattern width W with respect to the moving distance D.

Therefore, what is the movement magnification BY? BY=■ ・・・・・・・・・(3)D Also, in Fig. 33, the triangle PTI-PT2-PT3
If we pay attention to , we get P .

However, θl is an angle formed with the fixed pattern line 85a direction DR.

Then, from the above equations (1), (3), and (4), the key press 2Psin(θ/2) is obtained. Here, for reference, the intersection angle θ between pattern lines 85a and 87a is θ=2 degrees, θ1=45 degrees, and pattern line 85
If the pitch (stripe width) P of a, 87a is P=0.1mo+, the magnification BY is obtained from equation (5). That is, it appears to act as if there were a 20.95 (■) hammer stroke.

Also, from equation (1), the width W of the moire pattern is becomes.

Furthermore, the number N of moire patterns that cross the photo sensor
becomes as follows.

This is also confirmed by other considerations. In other words, the above number N is, and if θ+01 is 90 degrees, the previously considered 10
0C book].

Next, a signal processing circuit for changing various tone control parameters using a large number of pulses generated when a key is pressed according to each of the above-described embodiments will be described.

First circuit example FIG. 34 is a block diagram showing the first example of the circuit.

This circuit is roughly divided into a key operation pulse detection circuit 100,
It is composed of a key press detection circuit 110, a key press end detection circuit 120, a touch data type circuit 130, a multi-circuit 140, a musical tone signal generation circuit 150, and a sound system 180.

Among these circuits, the key operation pulse detection circuit 100,
A key press detection circuit 110, a key press end detection circuit 120, and a touch data formation circuit 130 are provided corresponding to each key of the keyboard.

The key operation pulse detection circuit 100 is a circuit that detects and shapes the pulse signal generated from the pulse generator PG provided for each key in the keyboard of each of the embodiments described above. As the part PG, one that generates pulses by magnetic means is used.

Therefore, the coils 10.4B. , 480, etc., which amplifies the pulse signal (first current) generated in the coil L and converts it into a voltage signal.The amplifier 101 differentiates and shapes the output of the pulse signal (first current) generated in the coil L corresponding to the coil L, and outputs a clock pulse CKo from the high-speed oscillation circuit 111, which will be described later. A waveform shaping circuit 102 outputs a key operation pulse CKt with a pulse width of .

In this case, if the shape of the magnetic pole face of the laminated magnet facing the yoke piece that guides the magnetic flux to the coil L is devised, for example, as shown in the example shown in FIG. 16 (2), the amplifier 101 When the key is pressed, the pulse signal Ps outputted from the key has a large rising pulse and a falling pulse becomes small, as shown in FIG. 35(a), and when the key is returned, as shown in FIG.
It is possible to make the falling pulse large and the rising pulse small, as shown in FIG.

Therefore, in the waveform shaping circuit 102, Vr
By setting a threshold level as shown in , and extracting and shaping the waveform of only the pulses that exceed the threshold level, the key operation pulse CK1 will not be output when the key is returned (when the key is raised). It's easy to do.

In addition, when a pulse generator PG that generates pulses by photoelectric means is used, the output of the photoelectric pulse generator PG, for example, the photosensors 28, 53, 34, 88 in each of the photoelectric embodiments described above. The output of a light-receiving circuit as shown in FIG. 36 built in the key operation pulse detection circuit 100 may be inputted to the waveform shaping circuit 102 of the key operation pulse detection circuit 100 described above.

The light-receiving circuit shown in FIG.
It consists of ltR2.

In this case, as in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, pulse signals with a phase shift of 90@ are generated from a pair of photosensors, and the direction of movement of the key can be determined based on the lead/lag relationship. The key operation pulse CK1 may be generated only when the key is pressed.

The key press detection circuit 110 includes a high-speed oscillation circuit 111 that constantly oscillates, a counter 112 that counts high-speed clock pulses CKo generated thereby, a latch circuit 113 that latches the count value, and a counter 112.
AND circuits al, OR circuits Gz, G for generating a reset signal and a latch signal for the latch circuit 113.
9, G4 and a D-type flip-flop circuit (hereinafter simply referred to as rFFJ) that serves as a delay circuit 1
14, a preset value setting circuit 115 that manually arbitrarily sets the preset value P1 using the volume VR1,
A input and latch circuit 1 that input the preset value P1
The comparator 116 compares the count value latched at 13 with the B input, sets the output to ``1'' when A) is B, and generates a keying signal.
The key press end detection circuit 120 includes a preset value setting circuit 121 that manually sets a preset value P2 arbitrarily using a volume VR2, and a circuit A that inputs the preset value P2.
A comparator 122 that compares the input with the B input that inputs the count value latched to the latch circuit 113, and when A<H, sets the output to ゛1゜ and generates a key press end detection signal.
It consists of

The touch data forming circuit 130 includes a counter 131 that counts the key operation pulse CK1 output from the key operation pulse detection circuit 100, a latch circuit 132 that latches and outputs the count value, and a reset signal for the counter 131 and a latch circuit. A set/reset type flip-flop circuit (hereinafter abbreviated as rFFJ) 133 and a differentiation circuit 13 for obtaining the latch signal of 132 from the output signals of the above-mentioned key press detection circuit 110 and key press end detection circuit 120.
4. Consists of a one-shot multivibrator (hereinafter referred to as "r/OS circuit") 135 with an inverted output and a changeover switch 136. Note that the /OS circuit 135 includes a one-shot multivibrator and a NO circuit that inverts its output.
It can be configured with a T circuit. Next, we will explain the operation of this circuit. The preset values P1 and P2 are normally the full count value CIJ^! of the counter 112! It is set to an arbitrary value close to .
(For example, when CMAI=100, P1=90, P2
=95. ) Before the key press starts, the key operation pulse detection cycle ls10 is of course
From 0 onwards, key operation pulse CK1 is not output. In the key press detection circuit 110, the counter 112 counts the clock pulse CKo from the high-speed oscillation circuit 111, and when it reaches the full count value C MAI, the AND circuit G1 is activated.
Since all the inputs of CMAI become ゜1゛, its output becomes ゜1゛, which gives a latch signal to the latch circuit 113 via the OR circuit G3, so the latch circuit 113 latches and outputs the full count value CMAI. .

Furthermore, when the output of the AND circuit Gl becomes 1°, the output of the OR circuit G2 also becomes 1°, and the reset signal, which is the output of the OR circuit G2, is delayed by one period of the clock pulse CKO by the FF114. 1°, the counter 112 is reset and starts counting the clock pulses CKo from rQJ again.

Therefore, the output of the latch circuit 113 after that is always the full count value CMAI, which is larger than the preset value PL by the preset value setting circuit 115, so the input of the converter 116 becomes A<H, so its output becomes ゜O゛. ing. On the other hand, the comparator 122 of the key press end detection circuit 120 receives the latch circuit 1 which is its B input.
Since the output of 13 is thicker than the preset value P2 which is the A input, since A<B, the output becomes ゛l゛, and F
Reset F133. As a result, the /Q (meaning inversion of Q) output of the FF 133 becomes 1°, which resets the counter 131 and puts it in a disabled state.

When the selector switch 136 of the touch data forming circuit 130 is switched to the a side as shown in the figure, a latch signal is given to the latch circuit 132 when the output of the comparator 122 reaches 1°, but the counter 131 is not counted and its output is "0", so
Since rQJ is latched, its output is also rQJ. Furthermore, when the output of the comparator 122 becomes ゛1゜, the counter 112 is also reset, but since the Q output becomes ゛O゜ due to the reset of the FF 133, the comparator 122 is disabled, and the FF 133 and the counter 112 are reset. Cancel the reset.

This state continues until the key is pressed, but when the key is pressed, a large number of key operation pulses CK are output from the key operation pulse detection circuit 100.
I is output sequentially. This key operation pulse CK1 is generated in accordance with the amount of key operation movement, and the pulse interval T
(time) is inversely proportional to the displacement speed of the key, as shown in Figure 37. This key operation pulse CKI is input to the counter 131 as a count pulse, and at the same time, a latch signal is given to the latch circuit 113 via the OR circuit G3, and the OR circuit G4
counter 112 via FF114 and OR circuit G2.
Give a reset signal to. However, since the displacement speed of the key is slow at the beginning of the key press, the interval T between the key operation pulses CK1 is long. Since the output from the comparator 116 is latched by the latch circuit 113, the input of the comparator 116 remains A<B, and its output remains at ゛O゜, so the FFI 33 also remains reset, and the counter 1
31 remains disabled. After that, when the displacement speed of the key becomes faster, counter 1
The next key operation pulse CKI is input while the count value CN of 12 is smaller than the preset value P1, and in order to cause the latch circuit 113 to latch the value, the comparator 116
When the input becomes A>B, the output becomes ゜1゜. This rising edge becomes a key press signal or a keying signal.

As a result, the FF 133 is set and its /Q output becomes °O°, and in order to release the reset of the counter 1, the counter 131 becomes enabled and starts counting the key operation pulse CK1. Further, when FF 1 3'; is set, its Q output becomes 1°, so the comparator 122 of the key press end detection circuit 120 is enabled.

Further, at the rise of this Q output, the differentiating circuit 134 outputs a differential pulse to trigger the /OS circuit 135, so the output changes from ゜l゛ to ゜O゜, and returns to ゜1゜ after a certain period of time. Therefore, if the selector switch 136 is switched to the b side, the latch circuit 132 latches the count value of the counter 131 at the rising edge of the output of the /OS circuit 135 and outputs it as touch data.

That is, the touch data in this case is that the key press signal is generated as described above, and the counter 131 receives the key tl pulse CK.
This is the count value within a certain period of time after the start of counting I, and the faster the key displacement speed (key press speed), that is, the stronger the key touch, the larger the value becomes.

On the other hand, when the changeover switch 136 is switched to the a side as shown in the figure, the key press end detection circuit 12
When the output of the 0 comparator 122 rises from 0 to 1, the latch circuit 132 latches the count value of the counter 131 and outputs it as touch data. That is, when the key is pressed to the lower limit position or only halfway due to a weak touch, and the displacement speed of the key becomes extremely small, the interval T between the key operation pulses CK1 becomes longer, and the counter 112 latched by the latch circuit 113 increases. Since the count value CN becomes larger than the preset value P2 of the key press end detection circuit 120, the comparator 122 changes the output to 1 degree. Therefore, the touch data in this case is stored in the counter 13.
1 is the count value from the start of counting of the key operation pulses CK1 until just before the movement of the key stops, and the value corresponds to the depth of the key depression.

When the output of the comparator 122 reaches 1°, the counter 112 is reset, and the counter 131 is also reset with a delay of the inversion time of the FF 133 and becomes disabled, and as mentioned above, the comparator 122 itself also becomes disabled. That's right. Here, by setting the preset value P1 slightly smaller than the full count value CM^l of the counter 112, it is possible to prevent touch data from becoming unstable or malfunctioning due to slight movement at the beginning of a key press or after a key press. can. Furthermore, the preset values Pi and P2 provide a dead zone at the beginning and end of the key press, and the width of each dead zone can be freely changed by varying these set values. Here, the initial key press operation will be explained in more detail. It is assumed that the changeover switch 136 is switched to the a side as shown in the figure. The time from when the counter 112 reaches the full count value CMAI and is reset until the timing when the first key operation pulse CK1 is input is t, and the time from when the count value CN reaches the preset value P1 is TI. The time it takes to reach the preset value P2 is Tz
Assuming that (T1<Tz), the following three cases can be considered regarding the relationship between these timings.

(1) When t<T1, since the latch circuit 113 latches the count value CN of the counter 112 while it is smaller than the preset value P1, the comparator 11B outputs ゜1゜ since A>B. As a result, the FF 133 is set and the counter 131 is enabled, so that the first key operation pulse CK1 may be counted. At this time, since t<Tz, the output of the comparator 122 is 0°, and the FF1 33 is not reset.
Since the latch circuit 132 also does not perform a latch operation, its output remains at "0".

(2) In the case of T1<t<Tz, the latch circuit 113 latches the count value CN of the counter 112 after it becomes larger than the preset value P1, so the output of the comparator 116 becomes A<B, so its output becomes ゛0゜. The counter 131 remains disabled.

The output of the comparator 122 when A<B is also ゜O゜. Therefore, the latch circuit 132 also does not latch.

(3) When t>Tz, the output of the comparator 116 is ゜O゜, and the counter 131
remains disabled, and the input of the comparator 122 becomes A<B, but since the Q output of the FF 155 is in the disabled state due to °O゛, the output remains at °0 °, and the latch circuit 132 It also doesn't latch. In this way, case (1) and (2), (3)
In this case, an error of 11" will occur in the count value of counter 1, but the number of pulses generated when one key is pressed is 50 to 1.
If it is around 00, there is almost no effect. The circuit described above is provided corresponding to each key, and the touch data output from the latch circuit 132 of each touch data forming circuit 130 is connected to a multi-circuit (multiplexer).
140, and is sent to the musical tone signal generation circuit 150 in a time-division manner from the common output line. The musical tone signal generation circuit 150 generates a musical tone signal with a pitch corresponding to the key to which the touch data is input, but the volume level (initial level, attack level, sustain level of the envelope waveform) level and time, etc.), timbre, pitch fluctuation, tempo,
Various musical tone control parameters, such as the depth and speed of vibrato or tremolo, can be changed in multiple stages, thereby generating musical tone signals that faithfully respond to the player's emotion injected by the strength and depth of key presses. You can The musical tone signal generated by this musical tone signal generation circuit 150 is supplied to a sound system 160 consisting of an amplifier 161, a speaker 162, etc., where it undergoes electro-acoustic conversion and generates a musical tone.

According to this embodiment, a keying signal is generated when the keying speed reaches a constant speed, and the counter 131
key operation pulse CK. The constant speed can be changed arbitrarily by variably setting the preset value P1.

This means that the threshold level of the dead zone at the initial stage of key press can be set arbitrarily. Therefore, if the volume level of a musical tone is controlled, for example, according to the touch data obtained when the selector switch 136 is set to the a side, the preset value P1 is set as shown in FIG.
The smaller the , the lower the volume level when the touch force is small, and the less the volume level when the touch force is large, the more the dynamic range is expanded. That is, when the touch force is small, the movement speed of the key is slow, so the smaller the preset value P1 is, the sooner the key press signal is generated and the counter 131 starts counting the frog operation pulse CKI. is delayed and the number of uncounted pulses increases, so the value of the touch data output from the latch circuit 132 becomes smaller and the volume level decreases.

However, when the touch force is large, the key pressing speed is fast, so
Even if the preset value P1 is made small, a key press signal is immediately generated and the counter 131 starts counting the key operation pulses CKl, so there are fewer pulses that are not counted. Therefore, the value of the touch data does not change much depending on the magnitude of the preset value, and the volume level does not decrease much.

Since the dynamic range can be varied in this way, it is possible to provide a performance device with arbitrary spelling power, which particularly increases the degree of freedom in playing trills. This feature can also be used to control the volume of a player piano.

For example, when storing initial touch data together with sound product information and note length information, the preset l-value Pl is set to the overf of the counter 112 - the maximum of 4J! If you set it to i (Full Count] Ippani) or a relatively large Buddha, and set it to a relatively small value during playback (automatic performance), notes that do not have a certain touch force will move the keys but will not be sounded. This allows you to carefully check your expressiveness. Although we have explained that a circuit for creating such touch data is provided for each key, it is also possible to provide only a set of circuits for each key in common and use it for each key in a time-sharing manner. You may also do so.

It is also possible to realize all the functions of these circuits through program processing using a microcomputer.

Second Circuit Example> Next, a second circuit example according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 39 and 40.

FIG. 39 shows the touch data forming circuit 13 of the first circuit example.
This is a block diagram showing only the portion corresponding to 0, and the other portions are the same as the first circuit example shown in FIG.
Illustrations and explanations thereof will be omitted.

This touch data formation circuit 230 has the same counter 131, FF 133, and differentiation circuit 134 as the touch data formation circuit 130 described above, but has four latch circuits 132a to 132d as latch circuits, and four latch circuits 132a to 132d as latch circuits. /OS circuits 135a to 135d are connected in series, and the rise when the output of each /OS circuit changes from ゛O゜ to ゛1゜ is determined by each latch circuit 132a to 135d.
It is a 2d latch signal.

Furthermore, the value obtained by subtracting the A input from the B input (B-A
) between the outputs of the latch circuits 132a and 132b, the latch circuit 13
between the outputs of 2b and 1320, and between the latch circuits 132c and 1
32d, and sends the outputs of the subtraction circuits 137a to 137c together with the output of the latch circuit 132a to the multi-circuit as touch data via AND gates 139a to 139c, respectively.

Further, the output of the launch circuit 132a is set as 8 inputs, the output of the subtraction circuit 137a is set as B input, and the output is set to ゛l゜ when C<A-H (here, C is a certain positive value, for example, `` 3") is provided, and its output is inverted by a NOT circuit N1 and given to an AND circuit 139a as a prohibition signal, and when the prohibition signal is ゜O゜, the AND gate 139a is closed. We have measures in place to prohibit this. As a similar prohibition means, a subtraction comparison circuit 138b is provided between the outputs of the subtraction circuits 137a and 137b, and its output is
The subtraction comparison circuit 138c is provided between the outputs of the subtraction circuits 137b and 1370, and its output is inverted by a NOT circuit N3 to serve as a prohibition signal for the AND gate 139C.

According to this circuit, when the FF 133 is set by the key press signal when the output of the comparator 116 of the key press detection circuit 100 in FIG. 34 reaches 1 degree, its /Q output becomes 0 degree. Therefore, the counter 131 is enabled and starts counting the key operation pulses CK1.

At the same time, the differential circuit 134 generates a differential pulse at the rise of the Q output of the FF 133, which triggers the /OS circuit 135a. After that, the /OS circuit 1"55 is sequentially delayed by a predetermined time.
b, 135c, and 135d are triggered and sequentially provide latch signals (rising signals) to latch circuits 132a to 132d at predetermined time intervals.

Therefore, assuming that the delay time due to each of the /OS circuits is τ, each of the latch circuits 132a to 132d calculates the count value at times τ, 2τ, 3τ, and 4τ after the counter 131 starts counting the key operation pulse CKI. will be latched.

Then, the output of the latch circuit 132a is bound to the touch data, and the output of each subtraction circuit 137a to 137c is
Touch data ■ via ND gates 139a to 139c
, ■, ■ and send it to the multi-circuit. However, if the output of the latch circuit 132a or the value obtained by subtracting the output of the subsequent subtraction circuit from the output of the previous subtraction circuit becomes larger than the set value C, the output of the subtraction comparison circuit becomes 1 degree, and the output of the NOT circuit becomes Since it becomes ゜0゛, the AND gate closes and the output of the subtraction circuit is no longer output as touch data. , for example, latch circuits 132a, 132b, 132c .
The output of 132d is r2 2J r5 3Jr respectively
If it is 64J r64J, the touch data ■
becomes "22". Then, the output of each subtraction circuit 137a, 137b, 1157c becomes r31J ril''rOJ,
Since A-B of the subtraction comparison circuit 138a is "-9", C=
3, since C<A-B does not hold, its output is ゜O゜, and the output of NOT circuit N1 is ゜1゜, so AN
The D gate 139a is open and the output r of the subtraction circuit 137a
23'' becomes the touch data■. Also, since A-B of the subtraction comparison circuit 138b is "20", C<A-H, so its output becomes ゜l゜, and NO
Since the output of T circuit N2 becomes 0°, AND gate 13
9b is closed, and the output "11" of the subtraction circuit 137b is not output as touch data ■. The output of the subtraction circuit 137c is ``O'' and the AND gate 139c is also closed, so of course the touch data ■ is not output. By doing this, when the key is pressed relatively slowly, the key operation pulse CKI is input until the latch circuit 132d latches the count value of the counter 131, so that the case shown in FIG. 40(a) like l, 4
Accurately obtain two latch data.

However, when the key is pressed strongly, its displacement speed increases, so for example, as in case 2 shown in FIG. Since the key operation pulse CKI is no longer input when the key is finished, this subtraction circuit 137b
The output of is no longer the exact number of pulses during time τ, so its output is prohibited. In this case, the touch data ■ is, for example, the value of the touch data ■ plus the difference between ■ and ■ (in this example, 31
+9=40) may be corrected and used. According to this embodiment, the volume control such as the attack level of the envelope waveform can be performed using the touch data (■). In addition, by using the value of each touch data ■~n or the magnitude of the difference (corresponding to the key press acceleration), you can control the timbre, the sustain time of the envelope waveform, or the depth of pitch fluctuation, vibrato, and tremolo. It is also possible to control the speed, speed, etc.

Furthermore, it is also possible to control the timbre (combination of harmonic synthesis, etc.) of each of the following sections using touch data ① to n. In this way, according to this embodiment, touch data is obtained by counting key operation pulses for each of a plurality of time intervals during a key depression, and different musical tone control parameters are changed for each, making it possible to perform fine-grained musical tone control. This makes it easier for performers to inject their emotions. Note that if more latch circuits, /OS circuits, etc. are provided, one key press time can be divided into a larger number of time sections, and a larger number of touch data can be obtained.

Furthermore, if the counter is reset each time a latch circuit latches the count value of the counter 131 and starts counting the key operation pulses again, the subtraction circuits 137a to 137c are not necessary.

Further, the functions of this touch data type or circuit 230 can of course be realized by program processing using a microcomputer. <Third Circuit Example> Next, a third circuit example will be explained with reference to FIG. 41 and subsequent figures. FIG. 41 is a block diagram showing the third circuit example with the multi-circuit and subsequent parts in FIG. 34 omitted. In this circuit example, the key operation pulse detection circuit 100' is composed of an amplifier 101 and a waveform shaping circuit 102', similar to the circuit shown in FIG. The pulse signal generated in the photosensor is shaped to output a key operation pulse CKI.

The key press detection circuit 110 and the key press end detection circuit 120 are the 34th key press detection circuit 110 and the key press end detection circuit 120.
This circuit is similar to the circuit shown in the figure, and features of this circuit include a touch data type circuit 330 and a newly added key return signal detection circuit 170.

The touch data forming circuit 330 includes the same counter 131 and FF 153 as the touch data forming circuit 130 in FIG.
, a latch circuit 332 with a clear (CLR) terminal, a selector 333, a preset value setting circuit 334, a coincidence detection circuit 335, a set/reset type Fp33B, and two D-type transistors forming a 2-bit shift register. FF
357,338. It consists of an AND circuit 339. The key return signal detection circuit 170 is shown in FIGS. 17 and 20 described above.
Coil 30a shown in the figure, coil 57 shown in Fig. 21
, or other proximity sensor NS, generates a return pulse immediately before the key fully returns to the upward position, and is composed of a D-type FF 171, a NOT circuit 172, and an AND circuit 173. ．． When the key is operated, the proximity sensor NS, for example,
When a pulse signal a as shown in figure (a) is generated, the FF
171 outputs a pulse signal b which is delayed by one pulse of the clock pulse CKo, as shown in FIG. 2(b).

on the other hand. The NOT circuit 172 inverts the pulse signal a and outputs the pulse signal C shown in FIG.
performs an AND operation between the pulse signal C and the pulse signal b output from the FF 171, and outputs the key return pulse d shown in FIG. This key return pulse d corresponds to the lower limit position ■ when IK is pressed and the upper limit position III when returning, as shown in FIG.
, so that it occurs at a position (■) before the complete return to the upper limit position (■).

Then, this key return pulse d is used as a reset signal for the FF 33B', and the latch circuit 332 and FF 357, 3
3B clear signal, touch data type or circuit 330
I am inputting it to Therefore, before a key is pressed, FF55B is reset by the key return pulse from the previous key press.
The latch circuit 332 and FFs 337 and 315B are in a cleared state. The preset value P3 by the preset value setting circuit 334 is set to a small value, for example, about 12 to 4''. When the key press starts, as in the case of the circuit of Fig. 34,
A key operation pulse CK1 is output from the key operation pulse detection circuit 100' at a pulse interval inversely proportional to the displacement speed of the key,
When the displacement speed of the key exceeds the set value, the key press detection circuit 110
Since the converter 116 of FF makes the output ゜l゜
1 33 is set and the reset of the counter 131 is released. The counter 131 indicates the subsequent axis operation pulse cK1.
is counted, and when the count value reaches the preset value P3, the two inputs A and B of the coincidence detection circuit 335 become A=
Since it becomes H, its output becomes ゜1゜ and sets FF33B. As a result, one input of the AND circuit 339 and the D input of FF3'57 become 1°. By doing this, even if a key operation pulse is generated when the key vibrates or the player unintentionally lightly touches the key and is counted in the counter 131, As shown above, depending on the input timing of the key operation pulses, some of the key operation pulses may be counted before the key movement speed reaches the set value, but the count value in such a case is extremely small. It is possible to prevent malfunctions such as erroneously outputting it as initial touch data by preventing it from being latched. Thereafter, the counter 131 continues to count the key operation pulses CK1, but when the key reaches the most pressed position and stops, the output of the comparator 122 of the key press end detection circuit 120 becomes ``1''.
.degree., the latch signal output from the AND circuit 33 becomes .degree.l'', and the latch circuit 332 latches the count value of the counter 131 at that time.

Also. Since pulses are input to the CK terminals of FFs 357 and 358, the Q output of FF2;37, whose D terminal is at 1°, becomes 1°, enabling the selector 333.

When the selector 333 is enabled, the latch circuit 33
Input the count value latched to 2 and send it to rQJ.
The third output line is the initial touch data from the side output line.
It outputs to the multi-circuit 140 in FIG.

Further, at this time, the FF 133 is reset and its /Q output becomes 1 degree, so that the counter 131 is reset with a delay of the inversion time of the FF 133 and enters the disabled state.

After that, when the key starts to rise, the key operation pulse CK.
occurs, and when the key press detection circuit 110 detects it, the counter 131 is released from reset and starts counting the key operation pulse CKI.

If the key is stopped again before it has risen to position 3 in FIG. Since the D terminal of 58 is set to 1°, when a pulse is input to the CK terminal, the Q output becomes 1° and provides a switching signal to the selector 333. As a result, the selector 333 causes the latch circuit 332 to latch. Input the counted value and output it as aftertouch data from the output line on the "1" side to the multi-circuit 140.After that, when the key is pressed and returned between positions ■ and ■ in Figure 43, counter 1 each time
31 counts the key operation pulses, the count value is latched in the latch circuit 332, and the selector 333
is output as aftertouch data. When the key returns to the position ■ or above, the key return pulse d is output from the key return signal detection circuit 170, so the latch circuit 332 and FF'517, 338 are cleared, and the selector 333 becomes disabled. The count value of the counter 131 up to that point is not output as aftertouch data. Therefore, if the key is returned to the upper limit after being pressed, only the initial touch data will be output.
Aftertouch data is not output.

Such a circuit is provided corresponding to each key, and the initial touch data and aftertouch data output from each touch data type input circuit 330 are sent to the multi-circuit 140.
The initial touch data and seven lid touch data are sent to the musical tone signal generation circuit 150 in a time-sharing manner for each key. Depending on the initial touch data, the attack level (volume) of the generated musical tone signal is determined as in the previous case.
Various musical tone control parameters can be controlled in multiple stages.

Furthermore, the aftertouch data allows after-control after the musical tone is generated, such as multi-level musical tone control using various parameters such as delay vibrato, tremolo, pitch change, timbre change, sustain waveform, etc.

According to this circuit, initial touch data and aftertouch data can be detected by a common circuit.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained above, according to the present invention, the amount of operation of a musical tone control operator such as a key is expanded, and a signal (preferably a pulse signal) corresponding to the movement thereof is generated over the entire stroke, Since various musical tone control parameters are controlled in multiple stages using these signals, it is possible to form musical tones that faithfully and precisely express the performer's emotions during a performance, making it possible to perform sophisticated performances with electronic musical instruments. become.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a perspective view showing the keyboard mechanism of the first embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a sectional view thereof, Fig. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the magnet pattern formed in the hammer, and Fig. 4 is its frame. Fig. 5 is a developed view of the flexible substrate, Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the conductive pattern formed on the flexible substrate, Fig. 7 is a front view showing the completed state of the hammer, and Fig. 8 is a perspective view of the hammer. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing the method of magnetizing the magnet pattern; FIG.
The figure is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the conductive pattern and the magnet pattern to explain the principle of pulse generation according to this embodiment. Figure 11 is an explanatory diagram showing different examples of the conductive pattern.
Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing different examples of magnet patterns formed on the hammer, Fig. 13 is a perspective view showing the main part of the second embodiment of the invention, and Figs. 14 and 15 are diagrams showing the relationship between the yoke and the frame. FIG. 16 is an explanatory diagram showing various aspects of the laminated magnet, FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing the keyboard mechanism of the third embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 18 is the same main part. 19 is a perspective view showing a reflective photosensor provided opposite to the pattern surface, and FIG. 20 is a perspective view showing a printed circuit board on which a coil is formed around the hammer insertion hole of the frame of this embodiment. Figure 21 is a cross-sectional view of the main part showing an example of a configuration for generating a key-off signal, Figure 22 is a horizontal striped pattern to distinguish between forward and backward movement of the hammer and key. Figure 23 (a) (opening) is an output waveform diagram of the pulse signal during forward and backward motion detected by the pattern, and Figure 24 is a perspective view showing the main part of the fourth embodiment of the present invention. Figure 25 is a side view showing the main parts of the fifth embodiment of the present invention, Figure 26 is an explanatory diagram showing the configuration of the reflective photosensor used in the embodiment shown in Figure 25, and Figure 27 is a side view showing the main part of the fifth embodiment of the present invention. 28 is a perspective view of the moire sensor unit 80, FIG. 29 is an exploded perspective view of the fixed pattern frame and the fixed pattern plate, FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram showing the state in which moire fringes are generated, FIG. 31 is an explanatory diagram of a modified embodiment in which a part of this embodiment is changed, and FIGS. 32 and 33 are diagrams showing the moire pattern according to the sixth embodiment. Fig. 34 is a block diagram of the first circuit example according to the present invention; Fig. 35 is a waveform diagram showing an example in which the pulse waveforms generated when the key is pressed and released are different; Fig. 36 is a photo A circuit diagram showing an example of a light receiving circuit of a sensor, FIG. 37 is a waveform diagram of a generated key operation pulse, FIG. 38 is a diagram showing dynamic range change characteristics by a preset value P1, and FIG. FIG. 40 is a block diagram of only the touch data creation section of the second circuit example; FIG. 40 is an explanatory diagram thereof; FIG. 41 is a block diagram of the third circuit example according to the present invention; FIG. 42 is a key return signal detection circuit thereof. FIG. 43 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the operation of this embodiment. 1...II 2...Keyboard frame 5, 25...Hammer (interlocking member) 9, 30.40...Printed circuit board 510...Coil 18...Laminated magnet 28.34...Reflection Type photosensor 32...Pattern plate 33.88...Transmission type photosensor 84...Slide member 84a...Slide frame 85...Fixed pattern plate 86...Fixed pattern frame 87...Movable Pattern board 8th...Moiré stripes 1
00,100'...Key operation pulse detection circuit 110...
・Key press detection circuit 120...Key press end cycle detection circuit 150, 230, 330...Touch data type circuit 1
40...Multi-circuit 150...Musical tone signal generation circuit 160...Sound system 170...Key return signal detection circuit

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. An electronic musical instrument having an operator for controlling a musical tone, comprising: an operation amount expanding means for expanding the operation amount of the operator in conjunction with the operation of the operator; and all of the operation amount expanding means. The present invention is characterized by comprising a signal generating means for generating a signal corresponding to the movement over a movement range, and a means for changing a musical tone control parameter in multiple stages in response to the signal generated by the signal generating means. electronic musical instrument. 2. In an electronic musical instrument having an operator for controlling musical tones, the operation amount expanding means expands the operation amount of the operator in conjunction with the operation of the operator, and the operation amount expanding means extends over the entire movement range of the operator. An electronic musical instrument comprising: pulse generating means for generating a large number of pulses in response to movement; and means for changing musical tone control parameters in multiple stages according to the number of pulses generated by the pulse generating means. 3. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 2, wherein the pulse generating means is constituted by a magnetic change inducing means provided on one of the operation amount enlarging means and its support member, and a magnetic change detecting means provided on the other. An electronic musical instrument characterized by 4. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 2, wherein the pulse generating means is formed by an optical change inducing means provided on one of the operation amount enlarging means and its support member, and an optical change detecting means provided on the other. An electronic musical instrument characterized by being constructed in the following manner. 5. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 4, wherein the optical change detection means is a transmission type photosensor. 6. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 4, wherein the optical change detection means is a reflective photosensor.