JP2762683B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument such as an electronic organ or an electronic piano having musical tone control operators (keys of a keyboard, etc.), and in particular, expresses emotions of a player. The present invention relates to a means for causing a subtle operation of an operator to accurately appear in a performance musical tone.

[Summary of the Invention]

The present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument having a musical tone control operation device, comprising: an operation amount expansion device for expanding the operation amount of the operation device; and a signal generation device for generating a signal corresponding to the movement over the entire movement range. Means for changing the tone control parameter in a number of steps in accordance with the signal, so that a complex emotional expression based on how the player touches the operator can be performed finely over the entire stroke. It is like that.

[Conventional technology]

Electronic musical instruments, such as electronic organs and electronic pianos, basically control the sound by opening and closing a key switch by pressing a key. I can't play emotionally.

Therefore, various techniques have been developed to provide a so-called touch response function in order to change the sounding characteristics due to the difference in force at the time of key depression and to enable emotional expression.

This touch response function applies a touch control by controlling the volume, pitch, tone color, etc. of the generated musical tone in accordance with the rise of the key and the movement of the player's finger in the sustained state of the sound after the key is pressed. That is.

For this purpose, as shown in, for example, Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 54-6421, a magnet and a coil are relatively displaced by a keypress to generate an induced electromotive force, and the output is used as a touch response control signal. There is.

In addition, as seen in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 57-31331, a conductive elastic member is deformed in response to a key depression to sequentially short-circuit a plurality of fixed contacts arranged on a substrate to gradually reduce the resistance value. In some cases, this is converted to a voltage and used as a touch response control signal.

Further, as seen in JP-A-58-18812,
It is also considered that a digital disc signal generated by rotating a rotary disk-shaped movable contact by pressing a key and sequentially contacting a plurality of fixed contacts on a substrate has an effect on performance.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, each of these conventional techniques has the following problems.

The first and second devices each provide a touch response by analog signal processing, so that the hardware of the electronic musical instrument increases, leading to cost increase, and it is generally difficult to perform a stable operation. It is. In the second case, it is difficult to make the pitch of the fixed contact too small from the viewpoint of forming the contact and the enormous amount of wiring, so that detailed control is impossible.

The third one makes it possible to provide a touch response by a digital signal, so that it is particularly convenient to adopt it to an electronic musical instrument that generates a musical tone by digital signal processing using a microcomputer, which has recently become mainstream. Although good, the signal generation accuracy is also limited by the contact arrangement, and the number of output lines is required by the number of contacts. Also,
Not only is its structure complicated and its design freedom is limited,
There is also a problem in terms of durability.

In each of such conventional devices, a signal is directly generated by movement of a key which is an operation element, so that a movement stroke is small, and a signal corresponding to the movement is raised over the entire movement range. It has not been possible to realize complicated musical tone control by generating it with precision and faithful to subtle key operations.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to solve such a problem in a conventional electronic musical instrument, and to realize a fine-grained touch control according to a manner of operation by a player with high accuracy over the entire stroke of an operator. And

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention relates to an electronic musical instrument having a musical tone control operation device, wherein the detected portion is located at a position in which the distance from the rotation fulcrum is larger than the operation point of the operation device in conjunction with the operation of the operation device. Are provided at predetermined intervals to increase the amount of movement of the operation element, and a plurality of operation amount expansion means in accordance with the amount of movement of the operation amount expansion means in the entire movement range of the movement operation of the operation amount expansion means. Pulse generation means for sequentially generating pulses, movement information output means for counting pulses sequentially generated by the pulse generation means and outputting movement information in accordance with the number of pulses, and movement information of the movement information output means. Means for changing the tone control parameter in a number of steps in accordance with

This pulse generating means can be constituted by a magnetic change inducing means provided on one of the operation amount expanding means and its supporting member and a magnetic change detecting means provided on the other.

Alternatively, the pulse generating means may be constituted by an optical change inducing means provided on one of the operation amount expanding means and its support member and an optical change detecting means provided on the other. The "operator" in this specification is not only a key consisting of a white key and a black key of a keyboard in a so-called keyboard electronic musical instrument, but also a push button key, a tread plate of an expression pedal device, a knee lever, and a joy stick operator. And so on.
The "tone control parameters" include all tone control parameters such as volume, tone color, pitch, tempo, vibrato and tremolo depth and speed.

[Action]

In the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention, when an operation element for controlling a tone such as a key is operated, the operation amount expanding means expands the movement amount of the operation element in conjunction with the operation, and the entire movement operation of the expanded operation is performed. In the movement range, the pulse generation means sequentially generates a plurality of pulses corresponding to the movement, the movement information output means counts the pulses, outputs movement information according to the number of pulses, and outputs the movement information to the movement information. Accordingly, the tone control parameters can be changed in multiple stages.

In addition, digital signal processing using a microcomputer or the like makes it possible to easily change the musical tone control parameters in multiple stages according to the number of generated pulses.

Furthermore, if the above-mentioned magnetic change inducing means and magnetic change detecting means or the optical change inducing means and optical change detecting means are provided as the pulse generating means, a large number of non-contacts can be provided in accordance with the movement of the operation amount expanding means. A pulse can be generated.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, various embodiments will be described with respect to an operation amount expansion unit that expands the operation amount in conjunction with the operation of a key as an operator, and a unit that generates a signal corresponding to the movement over the entire movement range. explain.

First Embodiment FIGS. 1 to 12 are views for explaining a first embodiment of the present invention.

In this embodiment, the present invention is applied to a keyboard electronic musical instrument having an inertial mass such as an electronic piano.

First, a keyboard device of this embodiment will be briefly described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 1 shows a white key 1 and a black key 1 'as operators, but the black key 1' is different from the white key 1 only in shape and color. And so on are the same, and are collectively referred to as key 1 here.

The key 1 has a cylindrical inner surface concave surface 1a at a base end thereof.
1a is a keyboard frame (hereinafter simply referred to as “frame”) 2
And is in sliding contact with a cylindrical pin 3 fixed to the rear end of the slit 2a.

A cylindrical pin 4 is provided at the front end of the slit 2a of the frame 2.
Is fixed to the pin 4 and an interlocking member (hereinafter, referred to as a "hammer" for convenience) made of a crank-shaped mass (for example, iron) is attached to the pin 4.
A cylindrical inner surface concave surface 5a formed at the base end of the base 5 is slidably slidably contacted with a free end of a leaf spring 6 having the base end fixed to the pin 3 at the rear end step 5b. Then, the hammer 5 is urged in the clockwise direction in FIG.
Is also urged in the right-handed direction, giving each individual a return habit.

The hammer 5 is provided with an engagement pressing portion 5c which engages with a concave portion 1b provided at a lower portion of the side surface of the key 1. When the key 1 is pressed, the key 1 is swung downward so that the urging force of the leaf spring 6 is also exerted. Swing in the same direction against

At this time, there is a large difference in the distance from the engagement pressing portion 5c of the key 1 and the hammer 5 to the pins 3 and 4, which are the fulcrums (that is, the hammer 5 has the engagement pressing portion 5c and the fulcrum 4). Distance is short), the stroke of the hammer 5 can be enlarged several times by a slight stroke of the key 1, and a touch like a piano can be obtained.

As described above, a mechanism for expanding the operation amount of the key 1 and moving the hammer 5 is an operation amount expansion mechanism.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, a magnet pattern 5d is formed on the lower side surface of the hammer 5 by subdividing it into a fan shape centering on the pin 4 and vertically magnetizing N poles and S poles alternately. In addition to the inducing means, a resin frame 7 formed by injection molding is fixed to the lower surface of the frame 2 as shown in FIG. The portion of the pattern 5d is inserted so as to maintain a slight gap with both side walls.

When the frame 7 is molded, the fifth mold is placed in the molding die.
A flexible substrate 8 having a plurality of (for example, one octave of the hammer 5) conductive patterns 8a as shown in FIG.
After the conductive pattern 8a is bent and fitted so that the conductive pattern 8a is in the state shown in FIG. 6, resin is injected.

Then, the side wall surfaces 7b, 7 surrounding the narrow space 7a of the molded frame 7 are formed.
A conductive pattern 8a as shown in FIG. 6 is disposed on c and 7d so that the conductive pattern 8a on both side walls 7b and 7d coincides with the radiation direction from the pin 4 of the frame 2 (FIG. 2), A magnetic change detecting means is provided so that the conductive patterns on both side walls 7b and 7d are shifted by one pitch of the magnet pattern 5d provided on the hammer 5.

Here, the manufacturing method of the hammer 5 will be briefly described. As shown in FIG. 7, the hammer 5 has a tip 5e, an intermediate portion 5f, and a base 5g.
The steel sheet is divided into three parts, each of which is formed of an iron material, and a cutout 5h as shown in, for example, an intermediate part 5f shown in FIG. After both side surfaces of the portion 5f are magnetized in layers, the resin layer 5i is outsert into the notch 5h.

In the same manner, the resin is outsert to the ridge portion also at the tip portion 5e and the base portion 5g, and they are integrally assembled as shown in FIG.

This is to prevent burrs or the like at the ridges of the hammer 5 from coming into contact with the inner surface of the frame body 7. The thinner the resin layer, the greater the change in the lines of magnetic force.

Therefore, outsert this resin,
It is most desirable to deburr the ridge of the hammer 5.

In order to magnetize the intermediate portion 5f of the hammer 5, as shown in FIG. 9, an automatic magnetizing machine equipped with a strong electromagnet Mg is used to move the partial magnetization of the surface relative to each other with a predetermined pitch. When the magnetization of the front surface ends, the back surface is similarly magnetized.

Thereby, rows of N poles and S poles can be formed on both front and back surfaces of the intermediate portion 5f.

If the magnetic poles of the automatic magnetizing machine are respectively opposed to both surfaces of the intermediate portion 5f, it is possible to simultaneously magnetize both surfaces.

According to this embodiment, when the key 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 is swung downward with the center of the pin 3 as a fulcrum by pressing the key, the hammer 5 is moved from the key 1 with the center of the pin 4 as a fulcrum. It swings downward at high speed, and its magnet pattern 5d becomes conductive pattern 8a.
Pass across.

At this time, a current flows through the conductive pattern 8a. The relationship between the conductive pattern 8a and the magnet pattern 5d is developed in a plane and schematically shown in FIG. 10, and the principle thereof will be described.

When the magnet pattern 5d is in the state shown in the figure, the magnetic field from the north pole to the south pole causes the conductive pattern 8b to show arrows Y and Y '.
However, when the magnet pattern 5d moves one pitch in the direction indicated by the arrow X, the direction of the magnetic field is reversed, so that the direction of the current is also reversed. Positive and negative pulses are obtained by this current change.

Since the conductive pattern 8a is formed by connecting portions orthogonal to the moving direction of the magnet pattern 5d to form a repetitive pattern, the pattern length becomes long, and a large pulse can be generated in a small space.

Now, the pattern length of the conductive pattern 8a is l, and the magnet pattern
Assuming that the moving speed of 8a is υ and the magnetic flux density is B, the induced electromotive force E generated in the conductive pattern 8a can be expressed by the following equation.

E = υBl In this embodiment, the conductive pattern 8a is arranged on both sides of the magnet pattern 5d, but the principle is exactly the same as the operation according to FIG. 10 described above. It can be seen that an electromotive force is obtained.

Although the number of pulses generated in this embodiment is inversely proportional to the pitch of the magnet pattern 5d, the magnetization pitch may not be too small due to the relationship with the magnetic flux density.

This problem can be solved by changing the shape of the conductive pattern. FIG. 11 shows an example of the conductive pattern.

This is at the center of one side of the conductive pattern 8c,
The pitch is shifted by an amount corresponding to 1/2 of the pitch of the magnet pattern 5d, and the other surface is similarly shifted by an amount corresponding to 1/2 of the pitch of the magnet pattern 5d.

As described above, the conductive pattern 8c is set to a half of the magnet pattern 5d.
By shifting the pitch in the X direction (vertical direction),
The pitch of the change in the magnetic field received by the portion of the conductive pattern 8c perpendicular to the arrow X is halved, and twice as many pulses can be generated for the same amount of movement of the magnet pattern 5d.

Instead of changing the conductive pattern in this way, the magnet pattern of the hammer 5 is moved from the center in the longitudinal direction to both sides as shown in FIG. 12 while the conductive pattern is kept as shown in FIG. The same effect can be obtained even if the pitch is shifted by 1/2 pitch in the indicated X direction (vertical direction).

Since the number of pulses generated per unit time according to this embodiment is proportional to the key pressing speed, that is, the key pressing strength, by changing the above-described musical tone control parameter in a number of steps corresponding to the number of pulses, the player's It is possible to arbitrarily generate an intended musical sound.

Second Embodiment Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

Also in this embodiment, the configuration of the key 1 attached to the keyboard frame 2 and the hammer 5 which expands and moves in conjunction with the key 1 are the same as those in the first embodiment.

In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 13, a plate-shaped permanent magnet as a magnetic change inducing means is provided with N-poles and S-poles vertically inside the tip of the hammer 5 protruding above the frame 2. One magnetic pole surface of the laminated magnets 18 stacked so as to be alternately fixed is fixed, and the other magnetic pole surface 18a of the laminated magnet 18 is connected to the N-pole along a cylindrical surface centered on the rotation fulcrum of the hammer 5. The S pole is formed by being protruded so as to be depressed.

A printed circuit board 9 is adhered to the surface of the frame 2, and slits 9 a are formed on the printed circuit board 9 at the same interval as the key 1.
The coil 10 is printed and formed around each slit 9a. One end of each coil 10 is divided into one octave and guided to the connection terminal, and the other end is collectively connected by one octave and connected to the ground side. ing.

A yoke piece 13 made of an iron plate is placed on the upper part of the printed circuit board 9 with an insulating adhesive sheet layer 12 interposed therebetween.
a is inserted into the slit 9a of the printed circuit board 9 and is brought into contact with the surface of the frame 2 (see FIG. 14), and the other end is provided between the magnetic pole surface 18a of the laminated magnet 18 provided on the key 1 side. They face each other with a slight gap.

In this state, a non-magnetic common support cover 14 made of a synthetic resin, an aluminum plate, or the like is covered from above and fixed with a set screw (not shown) to prevent the yoke piece 13 from being displaced and to bend the bent portion. 13a is pressed against frame 2.

Thus, the magnetic change detecting means is configured.
It is preferable that the tip of the yoke piece 13 is formed with a slope 13b so as to be sharp in order to reduce the loss of magnetic flux.

Instead of pressing the bent portion 13a of the yoke piece 13 against the frame 2, the yoke piece 13 'is formed in a flat plate shape as shown in FIG. 2a may be brought into close contact with the yoke piece 13 '.

Next, the operation of the second embodiment configured as described above will be described.

Referring to FIG. 13, the magnetic path of the laminated magnet 18 is
A magnetic closed circuit that returns to the laminated magnet 8 through the yoke piece 13, the keyboard frame 2, and the rising piece 7 is formed.

Now, when the key is depressed from the state shown in FIG. 13, the hammer 5 rotates in the direction of arrow A about its fulcrum in conjunction with the rotation of a key (not shown), and the laminated magnet 18 also moves with the hammer 5. Since they move downward in the figure together, the direction of the lines of magnetic force passing through the yoke piece 13 is opposite when the N pole faces the Y pole piece 13 and when the S pole faces it, and the magnetic flux of the magnetic closed circuit described above is intermittent. Suddenly change.

As a result, the induced current alternately changes the direction of the coil 10 formed around the yoke piece 13 and flows in a pulse shape. Accordingly, a large number of pulses can be generated in a non-contact manner in accordance with the movement amount of the hammer 5 in which the key operation amount is enlarged.

The number of pulses generated per unit time by this coil 10 is also
Since the tone is proportional to the key pressing speed, that is, the key pressing strength, the tone control parameter is changed in a number of steps corresponding to the number of pulses in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment, so that the tone intended by the player is arbitrarily generated. It is possible.

The output line of the pulse signal from each coil 10 is
Only a common ground line for each key and one signal line for each key are required.

Here, various embodiments of the laminated magnet 18 will be described with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 6 (a), the magnetic pole surface 18a is formed into a cylindrical surface centered on the fulcrum of the hammer 5, and N
The poles and the south poles are provided alternately, and the induced current generated in the coil 10 changes gradually in a sine curve.

Such N-pole and S-pole pitches can be magnetized on the order of microns.

As shown in FIG. 13 (b), like the laminated magnet 18 of the embodiment shown in FIG. 13, the surface is formed stepwise by alternately providing a height for each of N pole and S pole. This configuration is advantageous in that the rise and fall of the induced current generated in the coil 10 becomes steep, and a pulse having a high peak can be obtained.

1C has the same shape as that shown in FIG. 2B, and the entire stepped magnetic pole surface facing the yoke piece 13 is an N pole (or S pole). The entire flat magnetic pole surface on the opposite side is an S pole (or N pole).

The above three types of laminated magnets generate similar pulses when the hammer 5 moves forward (descent) and when the hammer 5 moves upward (during the rise). Therefore, when it is desired to use only the pulses generated during the forward movement, the other pulses are used. A signal for discriminating the forward movement and the backward movement of the hammer 5 must be generated by means, or complicated signal processing must be performed.

The one shown in Figure (d) is an improvement of this point.
The laminated magnet 18 is formed by forming a high step portion (N pole in this example) of the magnetic pole surface facing the yoke 13 in a sawtooth shape.

In this way, it is possible to make the positive rising pulse large in the forward movement and the negative falling pulse small, and to make the positive rising pulse small and the negative falling pulse large in the backward movement. By setting the threshold level higher than the positive rising pulse, it is possible to easily extract only the pulse generated during the forward movement.

Third Embodiment Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 to 23.

In this embodiment, a pulse is generated photoelectrically by movement of a hammer which is a key interlocking member.

That is, a hammer 25 is provided as shown in FIG. 17 in place of the hammer 5 of the first embodiment, and a cylindrical surface 25a centered on the pin 4 as a fulcrum is formed at the tip of the hammer 25. A pattern plate in which a horizontal stripe pattern 26a composed of a horizontal black and white stripe pattern as shown in FIG. 18 (a) is adhered to the surface 25a, or a pattern created by directly applying the jet ink to the horizontal stripe pattern 26a. The surface 26b is formed.

The frame 2 is provided with a support 27 protruding from the pattern surface 26b with a slight gap therebetween.
The opposing surface 27a (shown in the opposite direction in the figure) shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 19, the light emitted from the light emitting element 28a of the reflection type photosensor 28 is reflected by the pattern surface 26b and received by the light receiving element 28b.

This embodiment has such a structure. When the pattern surface 26b swings downward around the center of the pin 4 by pressing a key, the light receiving element 28b intermittently receives light and photoelectrically exchanges it. Generates many pulses.

In this embodiment, a printed circuit board 30 having a coil 30a disposed around the hammer insertion hole 2b is attached to the frame 2 as shown in FIG. The magnet pattern 29 is formed at a position just passing through the coil 30a just before the step (c).

Thereby, a pulse signal can be generated in the coil 30a immediately before the key 1 returns.

Also, if a magnet pattern similar to the magnet pattern 5d shown in FIG. 3 is formed on both side surfaces of the hammer 25 over the entire stroke of the portion moving in the hammer insertion hole 2b,
When the key 1 is operated, an alternating current can be generated in the coil 30a by moving the hammer 25, so that it can be rectified and used as a power source for the photo sensor 28.

In this way, a pulse corresponding to a key operation can be generated photoelectrically without receiving power supply from outside the keyboard.

Further, as shown in FIG. 21, a metal plate 55 such as iron or aluminum is adhered to the inside of the front end face 1a of the key 1, and a printed board 56 is fixed to the rising portion 2c of the frame 2, and the printed board is fixed.
A coil 57 is printed on the surface of the metal plate 55 facing the metal plate 55, and if a current is applied to the coil 57, the coil 57 flows when the metal plate 55 is displaced relative to the coil 57 by the displacement of the key 1. The current changes.

By detecting this change in current by the current change detection circuit 58, a key-off (K OFF) signal can be obtained when the key 1 is restored.

In the third embodiment, exactly the same pulse is generated by the photo sensor 28 when the hammer 25 reciprocates, so that the pulse cannot be distinguished.

In order to make it possible to determine the moving direction of the hammer, for example, a horizontal stripe pattern formed on the cylindrical surface 25a of the hammer 25 is divided by 1/2 pitch from the center as shown in FIG. 26 _a and 26 _B, so as to face each to the respective portions, disposing the pair of reflective photo sensor 28 _a, 28 _B at the same height.

Thus, in the forward path of the hammer 25 two photo sensor 28 _A, 28 _B of the output A, B, for example, FIG. 23 (b) as shown in B is from A [pi / 2 by the phase is delayed waveform , And on the return path, it becomes as shown in FIG.
The waveform is delayed only by the phase.

Therefore, from the lead and lag of the phases of the outputs A and B,
The forward movement and the backward movement of the hammer 25, that is, the forward movement and the backward movement of the key 1 can be determined.

It should be noted that the pair of photo sensors 28A and 28B may be shifted vertically by half a pitch of the horizontal stripe pattern without shifting the horizontal stripe pattern.

Fourth Embodiment Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

In this embodiment, a support frame 31 is protruded from the lower surface of the tip of the hammer 5 as in the first embodiment, and an opaque horizontal stripe pattern is printed on a transparent film with a fine pitch on the support frame 31. Is formed along the longitudinal direction of the hammer 5 to constitute an optical change inducing means.

On the other hand, the frame 2 and a printed circuit board disposed thereon
H-shaped slits 2d and 40a, through which the support frame 31 and the pattern plate 32 can be inserted, are provided for each key, and light emitting portions are provided on both sides of the slit 40a on the printed circuit board 40. The transmission type photo sensor 33 provided with the light receiving portion 33b facing the light receiving portion 33a constitutes an optical change detecting means.

Reference numeral 45 denotes a lower limit stopper of the hammer 5, which is formed of a buffer material such as felt.

Further, in the figure, the pattern plate 32 and the transmission type photo sensor 33 are shown separately, but actually, even when the key is not pressed, the pattern plate 32 is kept in the light emitting portion 33a and the light receiving portion 33b of the transmission type photo sensor 33.
It is in a position facing between.

In this embodiment, when the hammer 5 is now moved in the direction of arrow A by the key depression and the pattern plate 32 passes between the light emitting portion 33a and the light receiving portion 33b of the photo sensor 33, the received light beam is formed by the opaque horizontal stripe pattern. It is interrupted intermittently, and a current flows to the light receiving section 33b every time the transparent section passes.

Therefore, a large number of pulses can be generated in a non-contact manner in accordance with the amount of key movement operation.

Fifth Embodiment Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 25 and 26. This embodiment also generates a pulse photoelectrically by moving the hammer.

In this embodiment, similarly to the above-described fourth embodiment, a support frame 41 is protruded from the lower surface of the tip of the hammer 5 and the support frame 41 is provided.
A pattern plate 4 having a pattern surface 42a in which a black horizontal stripe pattern is formed on a white plate with fine pitches by printing or the like.
2 is held along the longitudinal direction of the hammer 5 to constitute an optical change inducing means.

On the other hand, on the printed circuit board 40 shown in FIG. 24, instead of the transmission type photo sensor, a reflection type photo sensor 34 is provided for each key so as to oppose the pattern surface 42a to constitute an optical change detection unit. I have.

This reflection type photo sensor 34 is shown in FIGS.
As shown in the figure, a light emitting element (LED) 34a, condenser lenses 34b and 34c
And a light emitting unit 34 _A made of a reflecting surface 34d, the light receiving element (photodiode or phototransistor) 34e, the light receiving lens
34f, and a light receiving portion 34 _B consisting of 34g and the reflecting surface 34h.

Since the light emitting portion 34 _A light receiving portion 34 _B is configured in the same manner, FIG. 26 (c) are shared on both wrote in the sign of the light receiving portion ().

The light emitted from the light emitting element 34a is converted into a parallel light beam by the condenser lens 34b, and after changing its direction at a right angle on the reflection surface 34d, is condensed on the pattern surface 32b by the condenser lens 34c and reflected from the pattern surface 32b. The light is converted into a parallel light beam by the light receiving lens 34g, and after changing its direction at right angles on the reflection surface 34h, is received by the light receiving lens 34f on the light receiving element 34e.

Was but connexion, rotates the hammer 5 is in the direction of arrow A by the key depression, the pattern surface 42b of the pattern plate 42 is moved in the same direction, the light emitted from the light emitting portion 34 _A light receiving portion 34 _B is intermittently The received light is photoelectrically converted, and a number of electrical pulse signals are generated according to the change in the amount of received light.

Sixth Embodiment Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 27 to 33.

This embodiment is another example in which a pulse is generated photoelectrically by utilizing the moire phenomenon by the movement of a hammer in conjunction with key depression.

First, referring to FIGS. 27 and 28, in a keyboard device similar to the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a recess 2e of the frame 2 is formed below the tip of the hammer 5. The moiré sensor unit 80 serving as the photoelectric change inducing means and the photoelectric change detecting means of this embodiment is disposed there.

That is, a pair of frame members 83
Are fixed at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the key 1.

Then, two sets of grooves 83a and 83b are formed in the inner surface of the frame 83 in parallel in the vertical direction, and one of the grooves 83a is provided with a slide member 84.
The slide frame 84a is slidably fitted therein, and a magnet 84b is integrally fixed on the upper portion of the slide member 84, the upper surface of the magnet 84b is formed in a cylindrical shape, and the tip of the hammer 5 made of a magnetic material is formed. Adsorb to the lower surface of the unit.

In the other groove 83b of the frame 83, as shown in FIG. 29, a fixed pattern plate 85 having a stripe pattern 85a in which transparent portions and opaque portions are alternately arranged with equal pitches P is fixed by heat sealing. A pattern frame 86 is mounted, and a movable pattern plate 87 having a stripe pattern 87a inclined at a small angle with the same pitch as the stripe pattern 85a is fixed to the slide frame 84a by a fixed pattern plate 8.
It is installed in parallel in a similar manner to 5.

Note that the opposing surfaces of the fixed pattern plate 85 and the movable pattern plate 87 are desirably provided close enough to make contact. For example
D ₁₁ = 0.

A light emitting portion 88a and a light receiving portion 88b of the transmission type photo sensor 88 are disposed on both sides of the fixed and movable pattern plates 85 and 87.

According to this embodiment, the hammer 5 is interlocked with the depression of the key 1.
Is rotated in the direction of arrow A, the slide member 84 attracted to the magnet 84b is lowered. At this time, the hammer 5 moves in an arc shape with the pin 4 as a center, and the slide member 84 moves linearly in the vertical direction because it is guided by the groove 83b of the frame 83. However, the upper surface of the magnet 84b is formed in a cylindrical surface. It can move smoothly.

When the movable pattern plate 87 overlaps the fixed pattern plate 85 due to the lowering of the slide member 84, the 30th
A thick moiré fringe 89 as shown in the figure is generated, and the moiré fringe 89 moves rapidly downward as the movable pattern plate 87 descends.

Here, the pitch of the stripe patterns 85a and 87a is P, and the moire stripe 89
Where W is the distance between the two patterns and θ is the inclination angle of both patterns. Holds, and when the angle θ is sufficiently small, approximately Becomes

Therefore, according to this method, the moiré fringes 89 can be rapidly moved by a small moving amount of the movable pattern plate 87, and tens to hundreds of moiré fringes can be obtained with a slight stroke of the hammer 5. be able to.

For example, if the pitch of the stripe patterns 85a and 87a is set to 0.1 mm, 100 crosses can be made with a stroke of 10 mm. By detecting it with the photo sensor 88, a large number of pulses can be obtained.

The inclination angle θ of both patterns is set so that the interval W between the moire fringes is equal to or greater than the resolution of the photo sensor 88.

When the key 1 moves backward, the magnet 84b of the slide member 84 is pulled by the hammer 5 and follows the same, so that the movable pattern plate 87 also rises to the state shown in FIG.

As shown in FIG. 31, the slide frame 84a and the fixed pattern frame 86 are formed in an arc shape centering on the fulcrum C of the hammer 5, and both fixed and movable pattern plates 85b having equal pitch stripes on both frames. , 87b, the inclination angle of both patterns is small at the beginning of key depression and large at the end, so that moire fringes generated by the same amount of movement of the hammer 5 are small at the beginning and large at the end. Many pulses can be generated for a small movement amount during the after control.

Here, the principle that the moiré pattern crosses the photo sensor as the key is pressed will be described with reference to FIGS. 28 and 30 and FIGS. 32 and 33.
This will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings. For convenience of description, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals.

When the movable pattern plate 87 and the fixed pattern plate 85 shown in FIG. 28 are overlapped with each other, the state shown in FIGS. 30, 32 and 33 is obtained. FIG. 32 is an enlarged view of FIG. 30, and FIG. 33 is a partially enlarged view of FIG.

In FIGS. 32 and 33, the lines of the striped patterns 85a and 85b are drawn to be extremely thin in order to explain the principle.

As can be seen from FIG. 32, on the lines 91a-91b and 92a-92b connecting the points where the lines cross each other, as shown by the circles, the lines (85a and 87a in FIG. 33) Is the widest.

Further, between the lines 91a-91b and the lines 92a-92b, the distance between the lines is small. A moiré pattern (opaque portion) is formed in this narrow place.

That is, if the line drawn in FIG. 32 is drawn with a thick line slightly smaller than the pitch P, the above narrow portion becomes opaque, and the wide portion indicated by a circle (see microscopic view). (A rhombus), the transparent part remains.

 These transparent and opaque portions form a moire pattern.

Here, in FIG. 33, it will be explained that a large number of moiré patterns cross with a slight key depression (movement distance).

In this figure, the transparent portions of the moire pattern are formed on the lines 91a-91b and 92a-92b by the above description. Hereinafter, for the sake of explanation, the viewpoint is placed on the transparent part.

The intersection PT1 moves the movable pattern plate 87 in the key pressing direction DR, thereby reaching the intersection PT4 via the intersection PT1 '.

The movement of the intersection PT1 to PT4 means that the line 87a1 moves to the line 87a2, and the movement distance of the movable pattern plate 87 is D. That is, the moiré pattern moves obliquely by the pattern width W with respect to the moving distance D.

Therefore, the moving magnification BY is Focusing on the triangle PT1-PT2-PT3 in FIG. 33, Becomes

However, theta ₁ is a angle formed by the fixed pattern lines 85a and the key depression direction DR.

Then, from the above equations (1), (3) and (4), Becomes

Here, for reference, if the intersection angle θ between the pattern lines 85a and 87a is θ = 2 degrees, θ ₁ = 45 degrees, and the pitch (strip width) P of the pattern lines 85a and 87a is P = 0.1 mm, (5) From the formula, the magnification BY is Becomes

That is, it acts as if there is a hammer stroke of 20.95 [cm] in appearance.

From formula (1), the width W of the moire pattern is Becomes

Further, the number N of the moire patterns crossing the photo sensor is as follows.

This proves to be correct according to other considerations. That is, the number N is And if θ + θ ₁ is 90 degrees, the previously considered 100
It will be clear that this will be a [book].

Next, a description will be given of a signal processing circuit for changing various tone control parameters by using a large number of pulses generated when a key is pressed according to each of the above-described embodiments.

<First Circuit Example> FIG. 34 is a block diagram showing a first circuit example.

This circuit is roughly divided into a key operation pulse detection circuit 100,
Key press (keying) detection circuit 110 and key press end detection circuit 1
20, a touch data forming circuit 130, a multi-circuit 140,
It comprises a tone signal generating circuit 150 and a sound system 160.

Among these circuits, a key operation pulse detection circuit 100, a key depression detection circuit 110, a key depression end detection circuit 120, and a touch data formation circuit 130 are provided corresponding to each key of the keyboard.

The key operation pulse detection circuit 100 is a circuit that detects a pulse signal generated from a pulse generation unit PG provided for each key on the keyboard of each of the above-described embodiments and shapes the waveform, and in this example, the pulse generation unit A PG that generates pulses by magnetic means is used.

Accordingly, an amplifier 101 for amplifying a pulse signal (current) generated in the coil L corresponding to the coils 10, 48a, 48c and the like in the embodiment having the above-described respective magnetic pulse generating means and converting it into a voltage signal; The output is differentiated to form a waveform, and a clock pulse CK ₀ from a high-speed oscillation circuit 111 described later is used.
Waveform shaping circuit 1 that outputs a key operation pulse CK ₁ with a pulse width of
02.

In this case, if the shape of the magnetic pole surface of the laminated magnet opposed to the yoke piece that guides the magnetic flux to the coil L is devised and formed, for example, as in the example shown in FIG. The output pulse signal Ps has a large rising pulse and a small falling pulse as shown in FIG. 35 (a) when the key is pressed, and a large rising pulse as shown in FIG. 35 (b) when returning. The pulse can be made smaller.

Thus, if the waveform shaping circuit 102 sets a threshold level as indicated by Vr in FIG. 35 and extracts only pulses exceeding the threshold level to shape the waveform, the key recovery (key rise) can easily be prevented from outputting a key operation pulses CK ₁ is in time).

When a pulse generating unit PG that generates pulses by photoelectric means is used, the output of the photoelectric pulse generating unit, for example, the photosensors 28, 33, 34, The output of the light receiving circuit as shown in FIG. 36 incorporated in 88 or the like may be input to the waveform shaping circuit 102 of the key operation pulse detecting circuit 100 described above.

Light receiving circuit illustrated in FIG. 36, consists of photodiode, light receiving element PD and the FET Q ₁ and resistors R _1, such as a phototransistor, R ₂ Prefecture.

In this case, as in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 22 and 23, a pair of photosensors generates pulse signals having a phase shift of 90 °, and the moving direction of the key can be determined based on the lead / lag relationship. and manner, may be generated a key operation pulses CK ₁ only when the key is pressed.

The key press detection circuit 110 is a high-speed oscillation circuit 1
11 and the resulting high-speed clock pulse CK
A counter 112 for counting ₀ , a latch circuit 113 for latching the count value, and an AND circuit G ₁ , OR circuits G ₂ , G ₃ , G for generating a reset signal for the counter 112 and a latch signal for the latch circuit 113. _A D-type flip-flop circuit (hereinafter simply referred to as "FF") 114 serving as a delay circuit and a delay value circuit; a preset value setting circuit 115 for manually setting a preset value P1 manually by the volume VR ₁ ;
A input for inputting the preset value P1 and a latch circuit 113
The input is compared with the B input for inputting the count value latched in the above. When A> B, the output is set to "1" and the key is pressed (keying).
And a comparator 116 for generating a signal.

Key depression end detecting circuit 120 includes a Purisetsuto value setting circuit 121 for setting arbitrarily Purisetsuto value P2 at Yotsute manually Boriyumu VR _2, A input and the latch circuit 113 to latch count value to enter the Purisetsuto value P2 And a comparator 122 which compares the input with the B input and sets the output to "1" when A <B to generate a key depression end detection signal.

The touch data forming circuit 130 is a key operation pulse detecting circuit 1
A counter 131 for counting a key operation pulses CK ₁ output from 00, the latch circuit 132 to output the latch the count value, the key depression detecting circuit described above a latch signal of the reset signal and the latch circuit 132 of the counter 131 A set / reset type flip-flop circuit (hereinafter abbreviated as "FF") 133 for obtaining from the output signals of the key 110 and the key-end detection circuit 120, a differentiating circuit 134, a one-shot multivibrator having an inverted output (hereinafter "/ OS"). 135) and a switching switch 136.

The / OS circuit 135 can be constituted by a one-shot multivibrator and a NOT circuit for inverting its output.

 Next, the operation of this circuit will be described.

Purisetsuto values P1 and P2 are normally set to any value closer to a full count value C _MAX of the counter 112. (For example,
When C _MAX = 100, P1 = 90 and P2 = 95. Before the key press starts, the key operation pulse detection circuit 100
Key operation pulse CK ₁ from has not been output.

When the counter 112 counts the clock pulse CK ₀ from the high-speed oscillation circuit 111 and the count reaches the full count value C _MAX , all the inputs of the AND circuit G ₁ become “1”. It becomes 1 ", because it gives a latch signal to the latch circuit 113 via the OR circuit G _3, latch 1
13 and outputs the latched its full count value C _MAX.

When the output of the AND circuit G ₁ is set to "1", the output of the OR circuit G ₂ becomes "1", is delayed by one cycle of Yotsute clock pulses CK ₀ to FF114, the OR circuit G ₂ output since the reset signal becomes "1" is, the counter 112 starts counting of the clock pulses CK ₀ from again being reset to "0".

It was but connexion, a subsequent full count value C _MAX output from each of the latch circuits 113, Purisetsuto value setting circuit 115
Is larger than the preset value P1 by
Since the input of 6 is A <B, its output is "0".

On the other hand, since the output of the latch circuit 113 serving as the B input is larger than the preset value P2 serving as the A input, the output of the comparator 122 of the key depressing end detecting circuit 120 becomes "1" because A <B. , Reset FF133.

As a result, when the / Q (meaning the inversion of Q) output of the FF 133 becomes "1", the counter 131 is reset to a disabled state.

When the switching switch 136 of the touch data forming circuit 130 is switched to the a side as shown in FIG.
When the output of 122 becomes "1", a latch signal is given to the latch circuit 132, but since the counter 131 does not count anything and its output is "0", it is necessary to latch "0". Therefore, the output is also “0”.

When the output of the comparator 122 becomes "1", the counter 112 is also reset, but the Q output becomes "0" by the reset of the FF133, so that the comparator 122 is disabled, and the FF133 and the counter are reset. Release the reset of 122.

Until this condition persists key is pressed, a number of key operations pulses CK ₁ When a key is pressed from the key operation pulse detection circuit 100 are sequentially output. This key operation pulses CK ₁ is generated in response to an operation amount of movement of the key, the pulse interval T (time) is inversely proportional to the displacement speed of the key as shown in FIG. 37.

With this key operation pulses CK ₁ is input to the counter 131 as a count pulse, latch 11 via the OR circuit G ₃
3 to give latch signal to provide a reset signal to the counter 112 via the OR circuit G ₄ and FF114 and OR circuit G _2.

However, since the key depression initial stage is the displacement speed of the key is slow, the spacing T of the key operating pulses CK ₁ is long, the count value C _N of the counter 112 is from Purisetsuto value P1 as a full count value C _MAX or city smaller than Since the latch circuit 113 is latched after the increase, the input of the comparator 116 is still A <B, and the output of the comparator 116 is still "0".
31 remains disabled.

After that, when the key displacement speed becomes faster, the counter
Next key operation pulses CK ₁ while the count value C _N is less than Purisetsuto value P1 of 112 is entered, the latch circuit 1 that value
13, the input of the comparator 116 is A>
At B, its output becomes "1". This rising becomes a key press signal or a keying signal.

And you go-between, FF133 is in the / Q output is "0" is excisional, in order to release the reset of the counter 1, counter 131 starts counting of a go-between key operation pulse CK ₁ to enable state.

When the FF 133 is set, the Q output thereof becomes "1", so that the comparator 122 of the key press end detection circuit 120 is enabled.

Further, at the rising edge of the Q output, the differentiating circuit 134 outputs a differential pulse to trigger the / OS circuit 135, so that the output changes from "1" to "0" and returns to "1" after a certain time.

Therefore, if the switching switch 136 is switched to the b side, the latch circuit 132 latches the count value of the counter 131 at the rising edge of the output of the / OS circuit 135 and outputs it as touch data.

That is, Tatsuchideta this case, a key depression signal as described above is generated, the counter 131 is a count value within a predetermined time from the start of counting of the key operating pulses CK _1, the displacement speed of the key ( The value increases as the key pressing speed) increases, that is, as the key touch increases.

On the other hand, when the switching switch 136 is switched to the a side as shown in the figure, the key depression end detection circuit 120
When the output of the comparator 122 rises from "0" to "1", the latch circuit 132 latches the count value of the counter 131 and outputs it as touch data.

That is, without only pressed halfway for or weak Tatsuchi key is pressed to the lower limit position, the displacement speed of the key is very small, the interval T of the key operating pulses CK ₁ becomes long, latch 113 is latched counter since 112 of the count value C _N is greater than Purisetsuto value P2 of the key depression end detection circuit 120, it'll connexion comparator 122 is set to "1" to output.

Therefore, the touch data in this case is the counter 13
After 1 starts counting of the key operating pulses CK _1, a count value immediately before the movement of the key stops, a value corresponding to the depth of the depressed key.

When the output of the comparator 122 becomes “1”, the counter 112
Is reset, and the counter 131 is reset to a disabled state after a delay of the inversion time of the FF 133, and the comparator 122 itself is also disabled as described above.

Here, prevented by setting slightly smaller than the full count value C _MAX of the counter 112 Purisetsuto value P1, the Tatsuchideta from malfunction unstable or summer by depression initial or slight movement after key depression .

In addition, dead zones are provided at the beginning and end of key press by the preset values P1 and P2, and the widths thereof can be freely changed by changing these set values.

Here, the operation at the initial stage of key depression will be described in more detail. It is assumed that the switching switch 136 is switched to the a side as shown in the figure.

Counter 112 from being connexion reset such full count value C _MAX, the time from the timing of the initial key operation pulses CK ₁ is inputted as t, the count value C _N is Purisetsuto value
Assuming that the time required to reach P1 is T ₁ and the time required to reach the preset value P2 is T ₂ (T ₁ <T ₂ ), the following three cases can be considered as the relationship between these timings.

(1) <Since latch 113 while the count value C _N is less than Purisetsuto value P1 in the case of T ₁ counter 112 latches it, comparator 116 A> t outputs "1" since the B. And I connexion, FF133 is to enable the counter 131 is excisional sometimes initial key operation pulses CK ₁ is counted.

At this time, since naturally t <T _2, the output of the comparator 122 is "0", in FF133 is not reset, latch 1
Since the latch operation is not performed in 32, its output remains "0".

(2) for T ₁ <t <count value C _N is latch 113 from greater Do connexion than Purisetsuto value P1 in the case of T ₂ counter 112 latches it, its output since the comparator 116 becomes A <B is The counter 131 remains disabled, and the counter 131 remains disabled.

Since the output of A <B of the comparator 122 is also “0”,
The latch circuit 132 does not latch.

(3) When t> T ₂ The output of the comparator 116 is “0”, the counter 131 remains disabled, and the input of the comparator 122 is A <B
However, since the Q output of the FF 133 is "0", the output is kept "0" because the Q output of the FF 133 is disabled and the latch circuit 132 does not latch.

As described above, in the case (1) and the cases (2) and (3), an error of “1” occurs in the count value of the counter 1, but the number of pulses generated at one key press is 50 to 50. If there are about 100, there is almost no effect.

The circuits described above are provided corresponding to each key, and the touch data output from the latch circuit 132 of each touch data forming circuit 130 is input to a multi-circuit (multiplexer) 140, and the common output The signal is transmitted from the line to the tone signal generation circuit 150 in a time division manner.

The tone signal generation circuit 150 generates a tone signal having a pitch corresponding to the key to which the touch data has been input. At this time, the tone level is determined by the value of the touch data input (initial level and attack level of the envelope waveform). , Sustain level and time, etc.), tone, pitch fluctuation, tempo,
Various tone control parameters such as the depth and speed of vibrato or tremolo can be changed in a number of steps, whereby a tone signal faithfully responding to the player's emotional injection due to the strength and depth of the key depression. Can be generated.

Then, the tone signal generated by the tone signal generating circuit 150 is supplied to a sound system 160 including an amplifier 161 and a speaker 162 to perform electro-acoustic conversion to generate a tone.

According to this embodiment, when the key pressing speed reaches a constant speed, a key pressing (keying) signal is generated, and the counter 131 is pressed.
The key operation counting pulses CK ₁ so as to start, and summer the constant velocity value of Purisetsuto value P1 to be changed to by connexion optionally be variably set by.

This means that the threshold level of the dead zone in the initial stage of key depression can be set arbitrarily.

Accordingly, for example, when the volume level of a musical tone is controlled in accordance with the touch data obtained when the switching switch 136 is set to the a side, as shown in FIG. 50, the smaller the preset value P1, the smaller the touch force. Since the volume level of the sound becomes small and the volume level when the touch force is large does not become too low, the dynamic range is expanded.

That is, since when Tatsuchi force is small, the moving speed of the key is slow, the smaller the Purisetsuto value P1, the count start key operated pulse CK ₁ by the counter 131 depressed signal is generated from the start of key depression Is delayed and the number of uncounted pulses increases, so that the value of the touch data output from the latch circuit 132 decreases, and the volume level decreases.

However, since the key depression speed is high when Tatsuchi force is large, even if small Purisetsuto value P1, the count of the key operating pulses CK ₁ by the counter 131 depressed signal is generated is started immediately, count There are few pulses that are not performed.
Therefore, the value of the touch data does not change much according to the magnitude of the preset value, and the volume level does not decrease much.

Since the dynamic range can be varied in this manner, a performance device having any expressive power can be provided, and in particular, the degree of freedom in playing a trill is increased.

This feature can also be used for controlling the volume of an automatic performance piano.

For example, when the initial touch data is stored together with the pitch information and the note length information, the preset value P1 is set to the maximum value (full count value) immediately before the counter 112 overflows.
Or set to a relatively large value and play (automatic play)
Sometimes, if the value is set to a relatively small value, a note that does not have a certain touch force will not be pronounced even though the key moves, and the expressive power can be severely checked.

It has been described that a circuit for creating such touch data is provided for each key. However, only one set of this circuit is provided in common for each key, and this circuit is used in a time-division manner for each key. You may make it.

Further, all the functions of these circuits can be realized by program processing using a microcomputer.

<Second Circuit Example> Next, a second circuit example according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
This will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 39 shows a touch data forming circuit 130 of the first circuit example.
34 is a block diagram showing only a portion corresponding to FIG. 34, and other portions are the same as those in the first circuit example shown in FIG. 34, so illustration and description thereof are omitted.

The touch data forming circuit 230 includes a counter 131 and an FF13
3 and the differentiating circuit 134 are the same as the above-mentioned touch data forming circuit 130, but four latch circuits 132a to 132c are used as latch circuits.
132d is provided, and four / OS circuits 135a to 135d are used as / OS circuits.
Are connected in series, and the rising edge when the output of each / OS circuit changes from “0” to “1” is determined by the latch circuits 132a to 132a.
It is a 132d latch signal.

Furthermore, the value obtained by subtracting the A input from the B input (B−
A) are provided between the outputs of the latch circuits 132a and 132b, between the outputs of the latch circuits 132b and 132c, and between the outputs of the latch circuits 132c and 132d. Along with the output, the outputs of the subtraction circuits 137a to 137c are sent to the multi-circuit as touch data via AND gates 139a to 139c, respectively.

Further, the output of the latch circuit 132a is set to the A input, the output of the subtraction circuit 137a is set to the B input, and the output is set to "1" when C <AB (where C is a positive numerical value, for example, " 3 ") is provided with a subtraction comparison circuit 138a, and its output is set to NO.
Inverted and in T circuits N ₁ given as inhibit signal to the AND circuit 139a,
Prohibition means is provided for closing the AND gate 139a when the prohibition signal is "0".

As similar prohibiting means, the subtraction comparison circuit 138b provided between the output of the subtraction circuit 137a and 137b, and the inhibition signal of the AND gate 139b inverts the output at the NOT circuit N _2, subtracting circuit 137b and 1
A subtraction and comparison circuit 138c is provided between the outputs of 37c, and the output is NOT
And the inhibition signal of the AND gate 139c inverts the circuit N _3.

According to this circuit, when FF133 is set by a keypress signal when the output of the comparator 116 of the keypress detection circuit 100 shown in FIG. 34 becomes "1", its / Q output becomes "0". And the counter 131 is enabled, and the key operation pulse CK ₁
Start counting.

At the same time, the differentiating circuit 134 generates a differential pulse at the rise of the Q output of the FF 133, and triggers the / OS circuit 135a. Thereafter, the / OS circuits 135b, 135c and 135d are sequentially triggered with a delay of a predetermined time, and a latch signal (rising signal) is sequentially applied to the latch circuits 132a to 132d at predetermined time intervals.

It was but connexion, when the delay time by each / OS circuits tau, each latch 132a~132d the time respectively from the counter 131 starts to count the key operation pulses CK ₁ tau, 2.tau,
The count values after 3τ and 4τ are latched.

Then, the output of the latch circuit 132a is used as touch data, and the outputs of the subtraction circuits 137a to 137c are respectively AND gate 1
The data is transmitted to the multi-circuit as touch data via 39a to 139c.

However, when the output of the latch circuit 132a or the value obtained by subtracting the output of the subsequent-stage subtraction circuit from the output of the preceding-stage subtraction circuit becomes larger than the set value C, the output of the subtraction-comparison circuit becomes “1” and the output of the NOT circuit becomes “1”. Since it becomes "0", the AND gate closes and the output of the subtraction circuit is not output as touch data.

For example, if the outputs of the latch circuits 132a, 132b, 132c, 132d are "22", "53", "64", and "64", respectively, the touch data is "22".

The outputs of the subtraction circuits 137a, 137b, and 137c are "31", "11", and "0", respectively.
Is so "-9", the output does not become When C = 3 to C <A-B is "0", the output of the NOT circuit N ₁ is "1"
Therefore, the AND gate 139a is opened, and the output "23" of the subtraction circuit 137a becomes the touch data.

Since AB of the subtraction / comparison circuit 138b is "20", C
<AB, so the output becomes “1” and the NOT circuit N ₂
Becomes "0", the AND gate 139b closes, and the output "11" of the subtraction circuit 137b is not output as touch data.

The output of the subtraction circuit 137c is "0" and the AND gate 139c
Of course, no touch data is output.

By doing so, when the key is pressed relatively Yutsukuri Since key operated pulse CK ₁ to latch 132d is latched the count value of the counter 131 is input to the Figure 40 (a) As shown in Case 1 shown, four latch data are accurately obtained.

However, when the key is pressed strongly, the displacement speed is increased. For example, as in case 2 shown in FIG. 40 (b) in the above-described example, the latch circuit 132c presses the key 131 before it latches the count value of the counter 131. The key ends and the key operation pulse CK ₁
Is not input, the output of the subtraction circuit 137b is not the exact number of pulses during the time τ, and the output is prohibited.

In this case, as the touch data, for example, a value obtained by adding a difference to the value of the touch data (in this example, 31
+ 9 = 40) may be used by interpolation.

According to this embodiment, volume control such as the attack level of the envelope waveform can be performed using the touch data.

Also, using the value of each touch data to n or the magnitude of the difference (corresponding to the key depression acceleration), controlling the tone color, controlling the sustain time of the envelope waveform, or controlling the pitch variation, vibrato, tremolo depth and the like. Speed and the like can also be controlled.

Further, it is possible to control the timbre (combination of harmonic synthesis, etc.) in the next section using the touch data to n.

As described above, according to this embodiment, it is possible to obtain touch data by counting key operation pulses for each of a plurality of time intervals during key depression and change different tone control parameters, thereby enabling fine-grained tone control. This makes it easier for the player to inject emotions.

If a large number of latch circuits and / OS circuits are provided, a large number of touch data can be obtained by dividing one key press time into a larger number of time sections.

If the count value of the counter 131 is reset every time one latch circuit is latched, and the count of the key operation pulse is started again, the subtraction circuit 13
7a to 137c become unnecessary.

Also, the function of the touch data forming circuit 230 can be realized by program processing using a micro computer.

<Third Circuit Example> Next, a third circuit example will be described with reference to FIG. 41 and subsequent figures.

FIG. 41 is a block diagram showing the third circuit example with the multi-circuit and subsequent circuits in FIG. 34 omitted.

In this circuit example, the key operation pulse detection circuit 100 'is composed of an amplifier 101 and a waveform shaping circuit 102', similarly to the circuit of FIG. 34. shape the pulse signal generated L or photo sensor so as to output a key operation pulses CK _1.

The key press detection circuit 110 and the key press end detection circuit 120 are the same as the circuit in FIG. 34, and the touch data formation circuit 330 and the newly provided key recovery signal detection circuit 170 are the features of this circuit. is there.

The touch data forming circuit 330 has the same counters 131 and FF 133 as the touch data forming circuit 130 of FIG.
A latch circuit 332 with an LR) terminal, a selector 333, a preset value setting circuit 334 and a coincidence detection circuit 335, a set / reset type FF 336, and two D-type FFs 337 and 338 constituting a 2-bit shift register. , And an AND circuit 339.

The key recovery signal detection circuit 170 is the same as that shown in FIGS.
A circuit for generating a return pulse immediately before the key completely returns, based on a signal generated by the coil 30a shown in the figure, the coil 57 shown in FIG. 21, or another proximity sensor NS, D-type FF171, NOT circuit 172, and AND circuit 173
It is constituted by.

Then, when the proximity sensor NS generates a pulse signal a as shown in FIG.
Outputs a pulse signal b which is delayed by one pulse of clock pulses CK ₀ it as shown in FIG. (B).

On the other hand, the NOT circuit 172 inverts the pulse signal a and outputs a pulse signal c shown in FIG. 9C, and the AND circuit 173 takes the AND of the pulse signal c and the pulse signal b output from the FF 171. , And outputs a key recovery pulse d shown in FIG.

The key return pulse d is generated between a lower limit position III when the key K is pressed and an upper limit position I when the key K shown in FIG. 43 is pressed, and at a position II just before returning to the upper limit position I completely. .

The key recovery pulse d is input to the touch data forming circuit 330 as a reset signal of the FF 336 and as a clear signal of the latch circuit 332 and the FFs 337 and 338.

Therefore, before the key is pressed, the FF 336 is reset by the key return pulse at the time of the previous key pressing, and the latch circuits 332 and FF 33 are reset.
7,338 has been cleared.

Then, as the preset value P3 by the preset value setting circuit 334, a small value such as "2 to 4" is set.

When the key press is started, similar to the circuit in FIG. 34,
A pulse interval inversely proportional from the key operation pulse detection circuit 100 'to the displacement speed of the key, is output key operation pulses CK _1, the comparator 116 of the key-depression detecting circuit 110 when the displacement speed of the key is greater than or equal to the specified value to output " To set it to 1 ", FF133 is set and the reset of the counter 131 is released.

Counter 131 counts the subsequent key operation pulses CK _1,
When the count value reaches the preset value P3, the two inputs A and B of the coincidence detection circuit 335 become A = B, so that the output becomes "1" and the FF 336 is set. Therefore, AND
One input of the circuit 339 and the D input of the FF 337 become “1”.

By doing so, a key operation pulse is generated when the key vibrates or the player accidentally touches the key unintentionally, and even if it is counted by the counter 131, As described above, depending on the input timing of the key operation pulse, even if the key operation pulse is partially counted before the moving speed of the key reaches the set value, it is extremely small in such a case. By preventing the count value from being latched, it is possible to prevent a malfunction in which the count value is erroneously output as the initial touch data.

Although then counter 131 continues counting the key operation pulses CK _1, the key stops reaches the outermost pressed position, the output of the comparator 122 of key depression end detection circuit 120 becomes "1", the output of the AND circuit 339 , And the latch circuit 332 latches the count value of the counter 131 at that time.

Also, since a pulse is input to the CK terminal of FF337, 338,
The Q output of the FF 337 whose D terminal is “1” becomes “1”, and the selector 333 is enabled.

When enabled, the selector 333 inputs the latched count value to the latch circuit 332, and outputs the latched count value to the multi-circuit 140 of FIG. 34 from the output line on the "0" side as initial touch data.

Further, at this time, FF133 is reset and its / Q output becomes “1”, so that the counter 1 is delayed by the inversion time of FF133.
31 is reset to a disabled state.

Then, when the key starts to rise, again the key operation pulse CK ₁
There occurs, the key-depression detecting circuit 110 detects that the counter 131 starts counting of the key operating pulses CK ₁ is released reset.

Then, when the key is stopped again before the key has risen to the position II in FIG. 43, the latch circuit 332 again receives the pulse signal from the key-end detection circuit 120, and the counter 131 at that time.
And the D terminal of FF338 is "1", so that when a pulse is input to the CK terminal, the Q output becomes "1" and a switching signal is given to the selector 333.

As a result, the selector 333 inputs the count value latched by the latch circuit 332, and then inputs the count value from the output line on the “1” side as aftertouch data to the multi-circuit 140.
Output to

Thereafter, each time the key is pressed or returned between the positions II and III in FIG. 43, the key operation pulse is counted by the counter 131, and the count value is counted by the latch circuit 332.
Are output from the selector 333 as aftertouch data.

When the key returns to the position II or higher, the key recovery pulse d is output from the key recovery signal detection circuit 170, so that the latch circuit 332 and the FFs 337 and 338 are cleared, and the selector 333 is disabled. Are not output as aftertouch data.

Therefore, when the key is pressed and then returned to the upper limit, only the initial touch data is output, and the after touch data is not output.

Such a circuit is provided corresponding to each key, and the initial touch data and the after touch data output from each touch data forming circuit 330 are input to the multi-circuit 140, and the respective keys are time-divisionally initialized. The Yacht touch data and the after touch data are sent to the tone signal generation circuit 150.

In the same manner as described above, various tone control parameters such as the attack level (volume) of the generated tone signal can be controlled in multiple stages using the initial touch data.

Also, after-touch data can be used to perform after-tone control after tone generation, such as multi-step tone control using various parameters such as delay vibrato, tremolo, pitch change, tone color change, and sustain waveform.

According to this circuit, the initial touch data and the after touch data can be detected by a common circuit.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the present invention, the operation amount of the musical tone control operation element such as a key is enlarged, and a pulse corresponding to the movement is generated over the entire stroke, and the number of pulses is adjusted according to the number of pulses. Various musical tone control parameters are controlled in multiple stages based on the movement information, so that it is possible to form musical tones that can faithfully express the emotions of the performer at all times during the performance. Will be possible.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a keyboard mechanism according to a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the same, FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of a magnet pattern formed on the hammer, and FIG. 5, FIG. 5 is a development view of the flexible board, FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a conductive pattern formed on the flexible board, FIG. 7 is a front view showing a completed state of the hammer, FIG. FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a state before the outsert of an intermediate portion of the hammer. FIG. 9 is an explanatory view showing a magnetizing method of the magnet pattern. FIG. 10 is a conductive pattern and a magnet for explaining the principle of pulse generation according to this embodiment. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship with the pattern, FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a different example of the conductive pattern, FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram showing a different example of the magnet pattern formed on the hammer, and FIG. 13 is a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a main part of the embodiment, And FIG. 15 is a perspective view showing different aspects of the yoke and the frame, FIG. 16 is an explanatory view showing various aspects of the laminated magnet, and FIG. 17 shows a keyboard mechanism of a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing the main part of the same, FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing a reflection type photo sensor provided opposite to the pattern surface, and FIG. 20 is a hammer insertion hole of the frame of this embodiment. 21 is a front view showing a part of a printed circuit board forming a coil around, FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of a main part showing an example of a configuration for generating a key-off signal, and FIG. 22 is a forward movement and a backward movement of a hammer and a key. 23 (a) and (b) are output waveform diagrams of pulse signals at the time of forward movement and at the time of backward movement detected by the pattern, and FIG. FIG. 25 is a perspective view showing a main part of a fourth embodiment of the invention, and FIG. FIG. 26 is a side view showing a main part of the fifth embodiment, FIG. 26 is an explanatory view showing a configuration of a reflection type photosensor used in the embodiment of FIG. 25, and FIG. 27 is a keyboard mechanism of a sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 28 is a perspective view of the same moire sensor unit 80, FIG. 29 is a perspective view showing the fixed pattern frame and the fixed pattern plate in an exploded manner, and FIG. FIG. 31 is an explanatory view of a modified embodiment in which a part of this embodiment is modified. FIGS. 32 and 33 are explanatory views of the operation of the moiré pattern according to the sixth embodiment. FIG. 34 is the present invention. FIG. 35 is a block diagram of a first circuit example according to the present invention, FIG. 35 is a waveform diagram showing an example in which a pulse waveform generated when a key is depressed and when the key is restored, FIG. FIG. 37 is a waveform diagram of a generated key operation pulse, and FIG. 38 is based on a preset value P1. FIG. 39 is a diagram showing the dynamic range change characteristic, FIG. 39 is a block diagram of only the touch data generating unit of the second circuit example according to the present invention, FIG. 40 is the same explanatory diagram, and FIG. FIG. 42 is a block diagram of the circuit example of FIG. 3, FIG. 42 is a waveform diagram of each part for explaining the operation of the key recovery signal detection circuit, and FIG. 43 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the operation of this embodiment. 1 ... Key, 2 ... Keyboard frame 5,25 ... Hammer (interlocking member) 9,30,40 ... Printed circuit board 10 ... Coil, 18 ... Laminated magnet 28,34 ... Reflective photo sensor 32 ... Pattern plate 33,88 ... Transmissive type Photo sensor 84: Slide member, 84a: Slide frame 85: Fixed pattern plate, 86: Fixed pattern frame 87: Movable pattern plate, 89: Moiré fringe 100,100 '... Key operation pulse detection circuit 110 ... Key depression detection circuit 120 ... End of key depression Period detection circuit 130, 230, 330 ... touch data formation circuit 140 ... multi-circuit 150 ... tone signal generation circuit 160 ... sound system 170 ... key recovery signal detection circuit

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. An electronic musical instrument having a musical tone control operation device, wherein a detection target portion is provided at a predetermined interval at a position where a distance from a rotation fulcrum is larger than an operation point of the operation device in conjunction with an operation of the operation device. By providing, the operation amount expansion means for expanding the movement amount of the operation element, and in the entire movement range of the movement operation of the operation amount expansion means,
Pulse generation means for sequentially generating a plurality of pulses in accordance with the movement amount of the operation amount expansion means; movement information for counting the pulses sequentially generated by the pulse generation means and outputting movement information in accordance with the number of pulses An electronic musical instrument, comprising: output means; and means for changing a tone control parameter in a number of steps according to movement information of the movement information output means. 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein said pulse generating means is a magnetic change inducing means provided on one of an operation amount expanding means and a supporting member thereof and a magnetic change detecting means provided on the other. An electronic musical instrument characterized by comprising: 3. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein said pulse generating means is provided in one of an operation amount expanding means and a supporting member thereof, and an optical change inducing means is provided in the other. An electronic musical instrument characterized by comprising detection means. 4. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 3, wherein said optical change detecting means is a transmission type photo sensor. 5. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 3, wherein said optical change detecting means is a reflection type photo sensor.