JP2734177B2 - Electronic musical instrument - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a keyboard device used for an electronic organ, an electronic piano, a portable keyboard electronic musical instrument, various keyboards, and the like. The present invention relates to a keyboard device provided with a means for accurately displaying a key operation in a musical tone.

[Summary of the Invention]

According to the present invention, in an electronic musical instrument having an operator, a surface coil is provided on one of the operator and the operator support member,
On the other side, an inductance change inducing means is provided correspondingly,
The surface coil and the surface of the inductance change inducing means are:
In the entire stroke of the operation of moving the operation element, the operation element includes a plurality of parts facing each other along the pressing direction of the operation element and a direction orthogonal to the operation direction, and incorporates the surface coil as a part of the oscillation element of the oscillator. The oscillation frequency of the oscillator is changed in accordance with the change in the distance and area facing the surface of the inductance change inducing means, and the number of oscillation pulses from the oscillator is counted at the time of moving the operation element, and the counted value is calculated. To control the change of the musical tone control parameter. Thereby, the musical tone can be controlled in accordance with both the pressing operation and the swinging operation of the operating element, and it is also possible to easily apply an effect such as vibrato to the musical tone being produced.

[Conventional technology]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, various electronic musical instruments such as electronic organs are provided with a large number of operators such as keys, pedals, keys, buttons, levers, and the like. Each of the operators is movably supported by a support member. The sound is controlled by opening and closing the switch by an operation (key depression or the like).

However, the sound characteristics are monotonous by itself, and the performance cannot express the emotion of the player like a piano. Various techniques for providing a so-called touch response function have been developed.

The touch response function controls the volume, pitch, tone, etc. of the generated musical tone according to the movement of the player's finger in the rising state at the time of operation and the sustained state of the sound after the operation. is there.

In order to add such a touch response function,
For example, as shown in Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open No. 58-42890, a conductive plate is attached to each key serving as an operating element, and a coil to which a signal of a constant frequency is input to the primary side is arranged on the key support member side opposed thereto. And changing the inductance of the coil by a key press operation, detecting the output voltage of the secondary side,
There is a key touch sensor that detects the key pressing speed and the key pressing time based on the output time of each voltage value at the point where the key starts to be pressed and at the point where the key is pressed to a predetermined depth.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, such a conventional key touch sensor,
Since the key pressing speed and the like are detected at a predetermined stroke at the initial stage of key pressing, there is a possibility that the key operation may not be detected when the key operation is weak and fast, such as a tremolo performance.

In addition, for analog processing by voltage detection, it is not possible to use a microcomputer to generate various touch data during the entire key operation and arbitrarily control various tone control parameters based on the data. However, there was also a problem that the control was limited to relatively simple control.

The present invention has been made in view of such a conventional problem, and no matter how the operator is operated, data for the operation method is reliably obtained, and the data is reflected on the musical tone generated. It is an object of the present invention to make it possible to perform processing by a microcomputer by making the data available as digital values.

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an electronic musical instrument having an operator and an operator support member that movably supports the operator, wherein a surface coil is provided on one of the operator and the operator support member. On the other hand, an inductance change inducing means is provided correspondingly, and the surface coil and the surface of the inductance change inducing means are arranged so that the surface coil and the surface of the inductance change inducing means are moved in the entire direction of the moving operation of the operation element in a pressing direction of the operation element and a direction orthogonal to the direction. The surface coil is built in as a part of the oscillation element, and the oscillation frequency is changed according to the change of the facing distance and the facing area between the surface coil and the surface of the inductance change inducing means. A changing oscillator, a counting means for counting the number of oscillation pulses from the oscillator when the operating element is moved, and a tone control parameter based on the counted value. It is provided with a means for changing control of the motor.

In addition to this, there is provided first watching means for monitoring the oscillation frequency of the oscillator and detecting when the moving speed of the operation element reaches a preset initial speed, and detecting the initial speed by the means. The counting means may count the number of oscillation pulses from the oscillator in a unit time.

Also, the oscillation frequency of the above oscillator is watched,
A second monitoring means is provided for detecting when the speed reaches a preset end of movement value after the operation element starts moving, and after the operation element starts moving, the second monitoring means is provided. The counting means may count the number of oscillation pulses from the oscillator until the end of the movement is detected.

Further, the above-mentioned first and second watching means are provided, and after detecting the initial velocity by the first watching means, the number of oscillated pulses from the oscillator in a unit time is counted by the counting means, Means for selecting whether the counting means should count the number of oscillation pulses from the oscillator until the watching means detects the end of movement.

[Action]

In the electronic musical instrument according to the present invention, since the surface coil and the surface of the inductance inducing member have the portions opposing each other along the pressing direction of the operating element and the direction orthogonal thereto, the operating element can be operated. Then, the opposing distance and the opposing area between the surface coil and the surface of the inductance inducing member change according to the operation, and the oscillation frequency of the oscillator changes by changing the inductance of the surface coil.

Therefore, since the count value of the counting means for counting the number of oscillation pulses changes, various tone control parameters can be controlled by the count value.

For example, the oscillation frequency of the oscillator is changed by both the pressing operation and the swinging operation of the operating element, and the count value of the counting means is changed. Can also be easily done.

That is, no matter how the operator is operated, data corresponding to the manner of operation can be reliably obtained as a count value, so that processing by the microcomputer can be easily performed.

In addition, count value data within a unit time at the beginning of operation, count value data over almost the entire operation stroke, etc.
It is also possible to control the tone control parameters by obtaining different types of count value data according to the purpose.

〔Example〕

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

1 is a perspective view of a keyboard device used in an electronic organ or the like according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. explain.

FIG. 1 is a partially sectional side view of the keyboard mechanism, and FIG.
The figure is an exploded perspective view.

Reference numeral 1 denotes a white key as an operation element, which is integrally formed of, for example, synthetic resin, provided with an engagement projection 1a on a lower surface of a rear end portion, and provided with an L-shaped stopper piece 1b on a lower surface in the vicinity of a key depression portion. A key guide member holding portion 1c having a hollow shape with a lower surface opened immediately behind the protrusion is provided.

Although 1 'is a black key, it is configured in substantially the same manner as the white key 1 except that the key depression portion does not extend toward the front but protrudes upward, so that it is particularly distinguished in the following description. If there is no need, these are collectively referred to as key 1.

On the other hand, reference numeral 2 denotes a keyboard frame (hereinafter, simply referred to as a "frame") as an operator support member, which is integrally formed with each key by an iron plate or the like, and is formed with an engaging projection 1a of the key 1.
And the through holes 2a and 2b into which the stopper pieces 1b are respectively fitted are arranged in line corresponding to the mounting positions of the respective keys.

Then, the engaging projection 1a of the key 1 is fitted into the through hole 2a, and the rear end rising portion 2c of the frame 2 is moved by the clip-like leaf spring 3.
, The key 1 is pivotally attached to the frame 2 irremovably, and is supported so as to be rotatable about the fulcrum shaft C (FIG. 1).

Further, a leaf spring 4 is engaged between the key 1 and the frame 2 to urge the free end (key pressing part) side of the key 1 upward,
By the upper surface of the bent portion 1b ₁ of a stop piece 1b comes into contact with the upper a stop 5 by like felt that adhered to the lower surface of the frame 2, the upper limit position of the key 1 is restricted.

When the key is pressed, the lower surface of the stopper 1b is
The lower limit of the key 1, that is, the operation stroke, is restricted by contacting the lower limit stopper 6 made of felt or the like attached to the upper surface of the low step portion 2 d bent and formed on the front side of the key 1.

In this way, a large number of white keys 1 and black keys 1 'are supported on the frame 2 in a predetermined arrangement with their top surfaces aligned.

Then, a key guide guide cap 7 as shown in an enlarged manner in FIG. 3 is pressed into the key guide member holding portion 1c of each key 1 and fixedly held therein.

This key guide cap 7 is made of iron (Fe), nickel (N
i) or a non-magnetic metal plate such as aluminum (Al) is formed in a horizontally long rectangular tube shape (box shape) with the lower surface 7a opened, and in the example shown in FIG. A plurality of ventilation holes 7b are provided.

The key guide cap 7 serves both as a key guide member and inductance change inducing means.

On the other hand, on the frame 2, a printed circuit board 8 constituting an oscillation circuit, a signal processing circuit, and the like to be described later is mounted.
In addition, as clearly shown in FIG. 2, a key guide block is provided at a position corresponding to the above-described key guide cap 7 of each key 1.
There are 10 rows.

The key guide block 10 is formed into a rectangular parallelepiped shape by using an insulating material such as a synthetic resin, and is arranged on both sides (front and rear sides in FIG. 3) arranged in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the key 1 as shown in FIG. Guide ridges 11 are provided at the front and rear end edges of the front side) over the entire length in the vertical direction.

Normally, as shown in FIG.
Is inserted into the key guide cap 7 only.
At the time of key press and key release, the key guide cap 7
The inner surface parallel to the longitudinal direction of the key 1 has a key guide block 10.
Lightly slidingly contact each guide ridge 11 to guide the vertical movement of the key 1 while restricting the horizontal deflection of the key 1.

A slight gap is provided between the inner surface on the front side (left side in FIG. 1) and the inner surface on the rear side (same right side) of the key guide cap 7 and the front end surface and the rear end surface of the key guide block 10 facing it. When the key 1 rotates from the horizontal state shown by the solid line in FIG. 1 to the lower limit position shown by the imaginary line by the key pressing operation, the key 1 interferes with the key guide block 10 even if the key guide cap 7 is slightly inclined. Without turning, it can rotate smoothly.

As shown in FIG. 3, the key guide block 10 has a first surface coil pattern 12a on both sides parallel to the longitudinal direction and the key pressing direction of the key 1, and a front end surface and a rear end surface. The second surface coil pattern 12b has a third surface coil pattern 12c on the upper surface along a direction orthogonal to the key pressing direction.
Are printed as independent surface coils (each surface coil pattern is also formed on the opposite surface which is not visible in FIG. 3).

Therefore, the key guide block 10 serves as both a key guide member and an inductance change detecting means.

The key guide block 10 and the key guide cap 7 constitute an operator displacement sensing means capable of sensing the entire stroke of the key 1 moving operation.

When the key guide block 10 is inserted into the key guide cap 7, the surface coils formed with the respective surface coil patterns 12a, 12b, 12c face the respective inner surfaces of the key guide cap 7, and the key press / key release operation is performed. , The facing area or interval changes.

Since the key guide cap 7 is made of metal, each surface coil pattern is changed in accordance with the amount of change in the facing area or the interval.
Change the magnetic permeability of the magnetic field for 12a, 12b, 12c (Fe
In the case of (1), an eddy current is generated (in the case of Al), so that the inductance of each surface coil pattern 12a, 12b, 12c as a surface coil changes.

In particular, since the pair of surface coil patterns 12a, 12a does not change the distance between the inner surface of the key guide cap 7 and the opposing area thereof by the key pressing and releasing operations, only the opposing area changes substantially linearly. Thus, the relationship between the key operation stroke and the change in inductance becomes substantially linear.

Therefore, even if there is an error in mounting or operation for each key, there is no influence as compared with the conventional key touch sensor in which the relationship between the key operation stroke and the change in inductance is a quadratic curve. The level of the touch output extracted from the coil pattern 12a has almost no variation for each key.

The details of this characteristic and other surface coil patterns 12b,
Regarding the inductance change characteristics and the like of 12c, the description corresponding to the other examples will be described in detail, and the description is omitted here.

The surface coil patterns 12a, 12b, and 12c are directly connected to the oscillation circuit on the printed circuit board 8, and are used to change the oscillation frequency by changing the inductance and change the control parameters of the musical tone. The circuit will be described later.

Second Example Next, a second example of the operation element displacement sensing means (this is not an embodiment of the present invention), which is partially modified from the first example described above, will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5. I do.

The operating element displacement sensing means includes a key guide / inductance change detecting means, which is a key guide block 10 of the first example.
The key guide plate 20 is made of a double-sided board having the same thickness and the same material as the printed board 8, and a surface coil pattern 22 is printed on both sides thereof as shown in FIG. Guide ridges 21 are provided in the respective sections.

On the other hand, a key guide member holding portion 1c 'formed on the lower surface of the key 1
Then, a key guide channel 17 also serving as an inductance change inducing means formed by bending a metal plate into a U-shape is press-fitted and held therein. In between, the key guide plate 20 is inserted. .

Other configurations and operations are the same as those of the above-described first example, and a description thereof will be omitted. However, according to this example, since a double-sided board is used as the key guide plate 20 also serving as an inductance change detection unit, the surface coil The formation of the pattern 22 is easy and can be implemented at low cost.

Third Example Next, a third example of the operating element displacement sensing means according to the present invention in which the structure of the key guide block and the key guide cap in the first example described above is further modified will be described.
This will be described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 13.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a main part of the operator displacement sensing means, showing a key guide cap 27 also serving as an inductance change inducing means, and a key guide block 30 fitted in the key guide cap and serving as an inductance change detecting means. .

Like the key guide cap 7 of the first embodiment, the key guide cap 27 is formed in a slightly vertically long rectangular cylindrical shape with the lower surface 27a opened by a metal plate such as iron (Fe) or aluminum (Al). , Three vent holes 7b are provided on the front surface.

Also, the lower edge is slightly widened to form a flange portion 27c to facilitate insertion of the key guide block 30, and a cushion material 27d such as felt or foam rubber is provided on the inner upper surface.
Is adhered to provide a cushioning material for the key guide block 30 and an elastic material for facilitating after-control after key depression.

On the other hand, the key guide block 30 is composed of a coil sheet 31 and a coil bobbin 32 as clearly shown in FIG.

The coil sheet 31 is formed by cutting a sheet made of a thermoplastic resin or the like as shown in FIG. 7 (a) so that the coil forming surfaces 31a to 31e and the terminal surfaces 31f, which form the five surfaces of the rectangular cylinder, are developed. Notches 31g are provided at both ends of a connection portion (a bending line shown by a broken line) on each surface to facilitate bending, and a coil sheet support portion 32a of a coil bobbin 32 to be described later.
And the guide ridge 32b can be easily inserted into the gap.

On each of the coil forming surfaces 31a to 31e, for example, a surface coil pattern made of copper foil is formed as an independent surface coil by a method similar to the wiring pattern of a flexible printed circuit board (FPC).

Both ends of each surface coil pattern are appropriately connected through the back surface side, and are led out to a plurality (four in the illustrated example) of through-hole terminals 31h formed on the terminal surface 31f.

As shown in FIGS. 7 (c) and 8, the coil bobbin 32 has a rectangular cylindrical coil sheet supporting portion 32 having an open bottom surface.
And a guide ridge portion 32b projecting in an arrow shape or an angle shape when viewed from above along the ridge portion of each peripheral side surface,
A hollow core 32c formed integrally with soft vinyl chloride or oil-impregnated rubber or the like, and molded with hard plastic is fitted inside.

The outer surface of the respective guide protrusions 32b, as best shown in FIG. 9, to enhance the flexibility to form a plurality of pleats 32 b ₁ extending in the vertical direction.

Then, the coil sheet 31 shown in FIG. 7 (a) is heated to some extent to make it easier to bend, and is bent into a rectangular tube shape as shown in FIG. 7 (b), and the coil bobbin shown in FIG.
After inserting the coil forming surfaces 31a to 31e from above into the gaps between the guide projections 32b along the coil sheet support portions 32a from above, the terminal surfaces 31f are bent and fixed by bonding or the like, When the temperature is lowered, the shape is maintained as shown in FIG.

Further, the core 32c of the coil bobbin 32 passes through a through-hole terminal 31h formed on the terminal surface 31f of the coil sheet 31.
If a plurality of pins 33 are implanted on the lower end surface of each of the pins 33 and the pins 33 are soldered to the through-hole terminals 31h, the key guide block can be attached to the printed circuit board 8 shown in FIG. Can be fixed by the pins 33, and at the same time, each surface coil can be electrically connected to an oscillation circuit described later.

When the key guide block 30 constructed as described above is fitted into the key guide cap 27 attached to the key 1 shown in FIG. 10 in the same manner as in the first embodiment, as shown in the cross sectional view of FIG. Then, each guide ridge 32b of the coil bobbin 32 comes into contact with each inner surface of the key guide cap 27 to guide the movement of the key 1 in the vertical direction (the Z direction shown in FIG. 10).

However, the space between the key guide block 30 and the key guide cap 27 can change due to the elasticity and the action of the guide ridges 32b of the key guide block 30, so that the key 1 by pressing the key can be changed.
And the key 1 can be slightly moved in the left-right direction and the front-back direction (X direction and Y direction shown in FIG. 10).

For this reason, the attachment portion to the keyboard frame, which is the pivot of the key 1, is preferably made of a flexible material and shape that allows a slight movement in the left-right direction and the front-back direction.

Then, by the displacement of the key 1 in the vertical direction (Z direction),
The facing area between the coil forming surfaces 31b to 31e of the key guide block 30 and the inner surfaces of the key guide cap 27 changes, and the distance between the coil forming surface 31a and the inner upper surface of the key guide cap 27 changes.

In addition, the displacement of the key 1 in the left-right direction (X direction) changes the distance between the coil forming surfaces 31d and 31e and the opposing surfaces of the key guide cap 27, and the displacement of the key 1 in the front-rear direction (Y direction). Accordingly, the distance between the coil forming surfaces 31b and 31c and the opposing surfaces of the key guide cap 27 changes.

Due to the change in the area of these opposing surfaces, the inductance of the surface coil formed on each coil forming surface changes substantially linearly, and according to the change in the interval, it changes quadratically.

The key operation direction and the change in inductance of each surface coil due to the key operation direction will be described more specifically with reference to FIGS. 11 to 13.

Figures 11 (a) and (b) show key guide blocks 30 respectively.
Each coil forming surface 31a of the coil sheet 31 described above
For the ~ 31e, the position viewed from the front side of the key 1 is displayed in the three-dimensional view and the development view, and the upper, front, rear, right, and left surfaces are respectively designated as A, B, C, D, E surfaces. I do. Z, X, and Y shown in (a) are the tenth
The moving direction of the key 1 is shown as in the figure.

Also, the surface coils formed on the A, B, C, D, and E surfaces are referred to as La, Lb, Lc, Ld, and Le, respectively.

FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing the operation direction of the key 1 and the above-described respective surfaces of the key guide block 30, and FIG. 13 is a diagram showing inductance change characteristics of each coil.

Z direction (key stroke) As shown in FIG. 12 (a), when the key is pressed in the Z direction, the area facing the key guide cap 27 overlapping the left and right (E, D) surfaces of the key guide block 30 is reduced. Increases almost linearly with stroke.

As a result, the inductances of the surface coils Le and Ld change as shown in FIG. That is, when the key guide cap 27 is made of iron (Fe), it increases almost linearly according to the stroke, and when it is made of aluminum (Al), it decreases almost linearly.

X direction (key left / right direction) As shown in FIG.
By swinging in the direction, the key guide block 30
D) The distance di, dp between the key guide cap 27 facing the surface is
Subtle (but relatively large) changes.

Therefore, the inductance of the surface coils Le and Ld changes as shown in FIG. This is the case when the key guide cap 27 is made of iron, and has the opposite characteristic when the key guide cap 27 is made of aluminum. This is the same in the following cases.

Y direction (key front-rear direction) As shown in FIG. 12 (c), by pressing the key 1 again and sliding it in the Y direction, the key facing the front (B, C) surface of the key guide block 30 Guide cap 27
The distance ds, dt changes slightly (but at a relatively large rate).

Therefore, the inductance of the surface coils Lc and Lb changes as shown in FIG.

Z direction (after touch) As shown in FIG. 12 (d), the cushion material 27d (FIG. 6) is further pushed in at the pushing end of the key stroke, so that the upper (A) surface of the key guide block 30 and the key are pressed. The distance dr from the upper surface of the guide cap 27 changes.

Therefore, the inductance of the surface coil La changes greatly as shown in FIG. Note that the broken line indicates the change in inductance of the surface coils Le and Ld in the stroke region.

The change in inductance of the surface coil La can be used as a touch signal. Also this surface coil
It is also possible to connect La in series with the surface coil Le or Ld and use it as part of the keystroke signal.

Oscillator An oscillator using an LC circuit is used to extract such a change in inductance of each surface coil.

FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram showing an example of such a circuit, in which an NPN transistor TR, capacitors C ₁ and C ₂ , coils L ₁ and L ₂ , resistors R ₁ ,
An emitter-tunable Hartley oscillator is constituted by R ₂ and R ₃ .

In this circuit, the power supply terminal a is grounded and a negative voltage (−V) is applied to b. However, on the balance of the entire circuit, a positive voltage (+ V) is applied to the power supply terminal a and b is grounded. No problem.

The oscillation frequency of this oscillator, that is, the frequency of the signal output from the output terminal OUT is (L ₁ and L _{2 in the} above equation represent the inductances of the coils L ₁ and L ₂ ).

Therefore, if the inductance of the coils L ₁ and L ₂ increases, the oscillation frequency decreases, and if the inductance decreases, the oscillation frequency increases.

Therefore, as the coils L ₁ and L ₂ as the oscillating elements, the surface coils Le and Ld formed on the coil sheet 31 of the key guide block 30 in the operation element displacement sensing means described above.
(The arrangement is shown schematically in Fig. 15)
As shown in FIG. 13A, when the inductance of the surface coils Le and Ld increases or decreases in proportion to the keystroke in the Z direction, the oscillation frequency decreases or increases.

For example, the volume can be changed as a tone control parameter depending on the degree of the frequency change of the output signal.

Also, as the coils L ₁ and L ₂ , a key guide block 30
If the surface coil La (shown schematically in FIG. 15) formed on the upper surface is connected with a middle tap, the change in the frequency of the output signal is detected as an aftertouch signal, and the aftercontrol is performed. Various effect control of musical sounds can be performed.

Further, as the surface coils L ₁ and L ₂ , the aforementioned coil Le or
If an oscillator connected with Ld at the center tap is provided separately, the operation of the key in the X direction can be detected, and the surface coil
If a separate oscillator connected with Lb or Lc with a middle tap is provided separately, operation of the key in the Y direction can be detected.
See Figure 15).

However, if the detection signals of the key stroke in the Z direction and the after stroke, or the key operation in the X direction or the Y direction are separately extracted, two to four oscillators are required for each key.

Accordingly, FIGS. 16 and 17 show circuit examples of an oscillator in which the detection of these key operations is shared by one oscillator. In these figures, only the main parts are shown, and the other parts are the same as the circuit in FIG.

FIG. 16 (a) shows that the surface coils Lb and Le shown in FIG. 15 are connected in series as the coils L ₁ and L ₂ of FIG. 14, and further the surface coil La is connected in series, This circuit is also used for detecting the key stroke and the after stroke in the Z direction.

FIG (B) is configured to connect the first 14 view of a coil L _1, L ₂ as a surface coil Lc and Ld shown in FIG. 15, it by connecting the surface coil Le in series, the key stroke in the Z-direction And X-direction key swing can be detected, and the surface coil Le
This is a circuit that can detect the sliding of the key in the Y direction by connecting the surface coil Lb instead of the circuit.

FIG. 3 (C) additionally connects the surface coils La in series so that the after stroke in the Z direction can also be detected. FIG. 4 (D) shows all the surface coils La to Le connected in series. This is a circuit that is also used for all.

FIGS. 17 (a) to 17 (c) show other circuit examples in which the surface coils La to Le are connected not only in series but also in parallel, and the operation is almost the same as that of each circuit in FIG. The description is omitted because it is the same.

When an oscillator is provided for each surface coil, or when two or more oscillators are provided for at least one key, sound volume control and various effect controls (depth / speed of vibrato, tremolo) Depth / speed, pitch fluctuation control, chorus effect control, sound spread control [Japanese Patent Application No. 62-14 / 1987]
0440] etc. can be performed separately, but in the case of a dual-purpose circuit, either of those controls is performed or different control parameters are changed depending on the detection timing.

FOURTH EXAMPLE OF OPERATOR DISPLACEMENT SENSING MEANS Next, only the key guide block of the fourth example of the operating element displacement sensing means used in the present invention will be described.
This will be described with reference to FIGS.

The key guide block which also serves as the inductance change detecting means in the actuator displacement sensing means is constructed by fitting a resin guide frame 46 to a ridge of a main body 40 formed in a dice shape as shown in FIG. I do.

FIGS. 19A to 19D are developed views showing different examples of the coil sheet used in this example.

The coil sheet 41 shown in (a) has an upper surface, a front surface, a left surface,
Surface coil patterns 41a to 41e are formed as independent surface coils on the right and rear surfaces, respectively, and the lower surface is used as a terminal surface 41f.
Both ends of each surface coil pattern are led to its respective terminal.

The coil sheet 42 shown in (b) has surface coil patterns as independent surface coils on the top, front, and right sides, respectively.
42a, 42b, and 42d are formed, and one coil is formed by the surface coil pattern 42c extending from the rear surface to the left surface, and these terminals are provided on the terminal surface 42f on the lower surface.

The coil sheet 43 shown in (c) has surface coil patterns 43a and 43d as independent surface coils on the upper surface and the right surface, respectively.
The surface coil pattern that forms the rear, left, and front surfaces
One surface coil is formed by 42c, and these terminals are provided on a terminal surface 43f on the lower surface.

The coil sheet 44 shown in (d) has a surface coil pattern 44a formed as an independent surface coil only on the upper surface, and a surface coil pattern 42c covering the entire circumference of the rear surface, the left surface, the front surface, and the right surface.
To form one surface coil, and these terminals are provided on the terminal surface 44f on the lower surface.

The material of each of the coil sheets 41 to 44 and the method of forming the surface coil pattern are the same as those of the coil sheet 31 of the third embodiment described above.

These coil sheets 41 to 44 are heated to some extent and
As shown in FIG. 20 (a), each body is bent at each ridge line portion, adhered to each surface of a cubic coil bobbin 45 formed of resin, and then cooled to form a main body 40, as shown in FIG. The guide frame 46 is fitted to complete the key guide block.

If the coil sheet 42, 43 or 44 according to this embodiment is used, this key guide block is mounted on a printed circuit board and viewed from above, and the surface coil patterns 42c, 43c and 44c are seen.
However, as shown in Fig. 20 (b), (c), and (d),
The coil bobbin 45 is formed in an L-shape, a U-shape, or a R-shape over a plurality of surfaces that are at right angles to each other, and the maximum value of the area facing the key guide cap (not shown) can be increased. There is also an advantage that it can be large.

When these surface coils are provided with a center tap and used as the coils L ₁ and L ₂ of the oscillator shown in FIG. 14, a large frequency change of the output signal can be obtained by the key pressing operation.

Touch data formation and tone control circuit Next, based on the change in the oscillation frequency of the oscillator due to the change in the inductance of the coil generated in response to the key depression operation, each of the above-described operator displacement sensing means is used.
A circuit (signal processing circuit) for forming touch data and changing and controlling various tone control parameters will be described.

<First Circuit Example> FIG. 21 is a block diagram showing a first circuit example.
This circuit is roughly divided into an oscillator 100, a key pressing (keying) detecting circuit 110, a key pressing end detecting circuit 120, a touch data forming circuit 130, a multi-circuit 140, a data conversion table 145 and a data selector 146, Music signal generator 15
0 and a sound system 160.

Among these circuits, the oscillator 100, the key press detection circuit 110, the key press end detection circuit 120, and the touch data formation circuit 130
It is provided corresponding to each key of the keyboard device.

The oscillator 100 corresponds to FIG. 14 or FIG. 16 and FIG.
Is an oscillator shown in FIG. 7, the counter and the output signal CK ₁
Make 131 input.

In the following description, the key guide cap or key guide channel of each actuator displacement sensing means described above is made of aluminum, and the inductance of the surface coil pattern formed on the key guide block or key guide plate at the time of key depression is shown in FIG. (B) As shown in the characteristic curve of Al, the frequency decreases substantially linearly with the keystroke, and the oscillator 100
The frequency of the pulse signal CK ₁ output from the described example where increased accordingly.

It was but connexion, the period T ₁ of the pulse signal CK ₁ is normally a relatively long constant value, when the key depression is started is shortened in accordance with the stroke.

The key press detection circuit 110 is a first watching means that watches the oscillation frequency of the oscillator 100 and detects when the key press speed reaches a preset initial speed.

Then, a high-speed oscillation circuit 111 which oscillates at all times, a counter 112 for counting the clock pulse CK ₀ fast to be by connexion generated thereto, a latch circuit 113 which latches the count value, a reset signal of the counter 112 occurs a D-type flip-flop circuit (hereinafter simply abbreviated as "FF") 114 for causing, Purisetsuto value setting circuit 115 for setting arbitrarily Purisetsuto value P1 at Yotsute manually Boriyumu VR ₁
A input for inputting the preset value P1 and a latch circuit
A comparator (CMP) 116 which compares the count value latched at 113 with a B input to set the output to "1" when A> B and generates a key-pressing (keying) signal.

The key depression end detection circuit 120 monitors the oscillation frequency of the oscillator 100, and detects when the speed reaches a preset movement end value after the key depression is started.
Watching means.

Then, a Purisetsuto value setting circuit 121 for setting a Boriyumu VR ₂ optionally Purisetsuto value P2 at Yotsute manually, and B input for inputting a count value latched in the A input and the latch circuit 113 for inputting the Purisetsuto value P2 By comparing
When A> B, the comparator 122 outputs an output "1" and generates a key press end detection signal.

Tatsuchideta forming circuit 130 includes a counter 131 for counting a key operation pulses CK ₁ output from the oscillator 100, the counting means comprising a latch circuit 132 for outputting to latch the count value, inverts the output of the comparator 116 NOT circuit 133 for resetting the counter 131
A differentiating circuit 134 for obtaining a latch signal of the latch circuit 132 from an output signal of the comparator 116, a one-shot multivibrator (hereinafter abbreviated as "OS circuit") 135, a NOT circuit and an inverter 136 for inverting the output thereof, and selecting means. of two consecutive switching switch SW ₁ of, SW ₂ Prefecture of.

Next, the operation of this circuit will be described with reference to FIGS. 22 and 23.

The preset value P1 is usually the pulse signal CK ₁ when no key is pressed.
The count value of the counter 112 at the time of resetting in the cycle of i.e., the maximum value latched by the latch circuit 113 is represented by C
_{If MAX} is set, a slightly smaller value (for example, C _MAX = 1
(At 00, P1 = about 90-95).

On the other hand, the counter 112 when Purisetsuto value P2 is to be reset at a period of the pulse signal CK ₁ at the time of key depression stroke up
Is the minimum value latched by the latch circuit 113, Cmin is a slightly larger value at the end of key press (movement) (for example, when Cmin = 20, P2 = 25).
Set to

Key depression detecting circuit 110, a short clock pulse CK ₀ of the period counter 112 counts from high-speed oscillation circuit 111, the pulse signal CK ₁ from the oscillator 100 is inputted, the latch circuit 113 the count value C _N at that time latch and output, because the reset signal is the output of the FF114 only be delayed by one cycle of clock pulse CK ₀ becomes "1", starts counting clock pulses CK ₀ again from the counter 112 is reset to "0" I do.

Therefore, when the key is not pressed, the output of the latch circuit 113 is a value close to the maximum value C _MAX , and the preset value setting circuit
Since the preset value P1 is larger than the preset value P1, the input of the comparator 116 is A <B, so that its output is "0".

On the other hand, since the output of the latch circuit 113 serving as the B input is larger than the preset value P2 serving as the A input, the output of the comparator 122 of the key depressing end detection circuit 120 becomes "0" because A> B does not hold. ing.

While the output of the comparator 116 is "0", the output of the NOT circuit 133 becomes "1" and the counter 131 continues to be reset.
Therefore, no touch data is output.

Therefore, the switching switch S of the touch data forming circuit 130
When key depression is started in a state where W ₁ and SW ₂ are switched to the a side as shown in the figure, the period T ₁ of the pulse signal CK ₁ input from the oscillator 100 is gradually shortened. Before the count value C _N reaches the maximum value C _MAX , the latch circuit 11
After being latched to 3, it will be reset.

Then, the count value C _N of the counter 112 is equal to the preset value P.
If the latch circuit 113 is latched before it is smaller than 1, the input of the comparator 116 becomes A> B, and the output becomes "1" as shown in FIG. 22 (a). This rising becomes a key press signal or a key-on signal.

And I connexion, the output of the NOT circuit 133 becomes "0", for releasing the reset of the counter 131, the counter 131 starts counting of a connexion pulse signal CK ₁ enabled.

At the rising edge of the output of the comparator 116, the differentiating circuit 134 outputs a differential pulse to trigger the OS circuit 135 as shown in FIG. 22 (b). to "1" from "0" as shown, back to the "0" after a certain period of time T _0.

Because NOT gate 136 inverts the output of the OS circuit 135 as shown in FIG. 2 (d), a predetermined time counter 131 from the start of counting of the pulse signals CK ₁ T ₀ later this NOT circuit 136
Output rises, it is applied to the latch 132 as the latch signal via the changeover switch SW _1. As a result, the latch circuit 132 latches the current count value of the counter 131 and outputs it as touch data.

That is, Tatsuchideta this case, a key depression signal as described above is generated, the counter 131 is Lee Western Yalta Tutsi data by the count value within a predetermined time from the start of counting of the pulse signal CK _1, the key The value increases as the displacement speed (key pressing speed) increases, that is, as the key touch increases.

On the other hand, when the switching switches SW ₁ and SW ₂ are switched to the b side, the comparator 122 of the key press end detection circuit 120
When the output of the switch rises from “0” to “1”, the latch circuit 13
2 latches the count value of the counter 131 and outputs it as touch data.

That is, when the key is pressed to the lower limit, the pulse signal
Period T ₁ of the CK ₁ becomes short, since the count value C _N of a counter 112 that latch 113 is latched becomes smaller than Purisetsuto value P2 of the key depression end detection circuit 120, a comparator as shown in Figure No. 22 (e) 122 becomes "1".

Therefore, the touch data in this case is the counter 13
1 is a count value from the start of counting of the pulse signal CK ₁ to immediately before the key stops moving.Assuming that the key pressing stroke is almost the same regardless of the strength of the key pressing, the key pressing speed becomes The faster the value, the smaller the value.

Key is being the period T ₁ of the pulse signal CK ₁ is increased again return, since the count value C _N, which is latched in the latch circuit 113 increases, first out of the comparator 122 returns to "0", eventually the comparator 116 Also returns to “0”.

As a result, the output of the NOT circuit 133 becomes "1", the counter 131 is reset, and the latch data of the latch circuit 132 is cleared.

Here, by setting the preset value P1 to be slightly smaller than the count value C _MAX of the counter 112 when the key is not pressed, the touch data becomes unstable or malfunctions due to a slight movement at the initial key press or after the key is pressed. Can be prevented.

In addition, dead zones are provided at the beginning and end of key press by the preset values P1 and P2, and the widths thereof can be freely changed by changing these set values.

The circuits described above are provided corresponding to each key, and the initial touch data output from the latch circuit 132 of each touch data forming circuit 130 is input to a multi-circuit (multiplexer) 140, and the common From the output line to the data conversion table 145 and the data secretor 146 by time division.

The data conversion table 145 stores the latch data (initial touch data) output from the multi-circuit 140 in the 23rd
As shown in the figure, it is a read-only memory (ROM) storing a table to be converted into data inversely proportional to its size.

The data selector 146 secretes the input 1 when the select signal S from the switching switch SW ₂ is “1” and outputs data from the multi-circuit, and selects the input 2 when the select signal is “0”. Then, the data from the data conversion table 145 is output.

Therefore, the switches SW ₁ and SW ₂ are switched to the a side, and
If the counter 131 has latch 132 and the count value at a predetermined time T ₀ after the start of counting of the pulse signal is output to the multi-circuit 140 and latches the data selector 146 that Lee Western Yalta Tutsi data from the multi-circuit 140 The signal is directly input to the musical tone control circuit 150 via the CPU.

On the other hand, after the switching switches SW ₁ and SW ₂ are switched to the b side and the counter 131 starts counting pulse signals, the output of the comparator 122 of the key press end detection circuit 120 becomes “1”. If the count value is latched by the latch circuit 132 and output to the multi-circuit 140 in the time T up to the time T, the relationship between the size of the initial touch data and the key pressing speed is inversely proportional. The data is converted into data proportional to the key pressing speed by the conversion table 145, and then input to the tone signal generation circuit 150 via the data selector 146.

The tone signal generation circuit 150 generates a tone signal having a pitch corresponding to the key to which the touch data has been input. At this time, the tone level is determined by the value of the touch data input (initial level and attack level of the envelope waveform). , Sustain level and time, etc.), tone, pitch fluctuation, tempo,
Various tone control parameters such as the depth and speed of vibrato or tremolo can be changed in a number of steps, whereby a tone signal faithfully responding to the player's emotional injection due to the strength and depth of the key depression. Can be generated.

Then, the tone signal generated by the tone signal generating circuit 150 is supplied to a sound system 160 including an amplifier 161 and a speaker 162 to perform electro-acoustic conversion to generate a tone.

It has been described that a circuit for creating such touch data is provided for each key. However, only one set of this circuit is provided in common for each key, and this circuit is used in a time-division manner for each key. You may make it.

Also, since all signal processing is performed digitally, it is easy to realize all the functions of these circuits by program processing using a microcomputer.

<Second Circuit Example> Next, a second circuit example which is an application example of the present invention using the oscillation pulse of the oscillator 100 will be described with reference to FIGS. 24 and 25. FIG.

FIG. 24 is a block circuit diagram showing the first circuit.
Only the part corresponding to the touch data forming circuit 130 of the circuit example of FIG. 1 is greatly different, and the key depression end detection circuit 120, the data conversion table 145, and the data selector 146 are not required, and the other parts are not shown in FIG. Since it is the same as the first circuit example shown, its description is omitted, and the touch data forming circuit 23 is omitted.
Only 0 will be described.

The touch data forming circuit 230 can form not only initial touch data but also after touch data.

Therefore, the touch data forming circuit 230 includes a counter 231, a latch circuit 232, and a NOT circuit 233 similar to those described above.
Besides, the low-speed oscillator 234, a differentiating circuit that differentiates its output
235, OR circuit 238 for taking the OR of the differential output and the output of NOT circuit 233, and temporarily storing the count value of counter 231 2
Stage shift register 236, counter 23 at fixed time intervals
A change detection circuit 237 for detecting a change in the count value of 1 and two D-type flip-flop circuits (hereinafter simply referred to as "FF") 239A and 239B are provided.

The change detection circuit 237 calculates the difference | A−B | between the input A (current count value) from the preceding stage 236a of the shift register 236 and the input B (previous count value) from the subsequent stage 236a of the shift register 236 as a predetermined value C (C The output is set to "1" when the value exceeds a small value for preventing malfunction (for example, about 1 to 3). That is, a change in position (movement) of the key is detected.

Further, a divider 240 for calculating the ratio A / B of the input data from each stage 236a, 236b of the shift register 236, a multiplier 241 for multiplying the output data by the latch data of the latch circuit 232, And a data selector 242 for selecting and outputting any of the output data of the preceding stage 236a of the shift register 236.

Also in this example, the key guide cap in each example of the above-described operation element displacement sensing means is made of aluminum, the inductance of each surface coil pattern is reduced according to the keystroke, and the pulse signal CK ₁ output from the oscillator 100 is reduced. frequency increases, explaining the operation thereof in the example of when the period T ₁ is shortened.

Although this circuit uses three oscillators,
Assuming that the oscillation frequency of the oscillator 100 is ₁ , the oscillation frequency of the oscillator 111 is ₂ , and the oscillation frequency of the oscillator 234 is ₃ , ₂ >
There is a magnitude relation of ₁ > ₃ , ₂ is 1 MHz, ₁ is 10 KHz (for example, at the lowest pressing position of a keypress), and ₃ is about 100 Hz.

When a key pressing operation is started and the key is pressed down to a predetermined position at the initial stage, the output of the comparator 116 of the key pressing detecting circuit 110 becomes "0" as shown in FIG. Rises to “1”. This is the key-on signal.

And I connexion, the output of the NOT circuit 233 falls to "0" to "1" as shown in FIG. (B), to release the reset state of the counter 231, when to start the counting of the pulse signals CK ₁ At the same time, the reset state of the oscillator 234 is also released, so that the oscillator 234 outputs a pulse signal having a constant period as shown in FIG. 25 (c).

Using each rising edge of the pulse signal as a clock, the shift register 238 first stores the count value of the counter 231 (changes as shown in FIG. 25 (e)) in the preceding stage 236a and outputs it. At this time, this shift register 236
Since the latter stage 236b has been previously cleared, its output is "0".

The rising edge of this pulse signal is differentiated by a differentiating circuit 235, and the differentiated pulse shown in FIG. 25 (d) is input to the reset terminal of the counter 231 via the OR circuit 238,
Reset 31.

At this time, the change detection circuit 237 outputs | A−B |
In order to satisfy the condition of> C, the output is set to "1" as shown in FIG.

This becomes the latch signal of the latch circuit 232, and at the same time, the clock signal of the FF239A, 239B. The Q output of the FF239A becomes "1" because its D input is "1".
In the FF239B, since the D input is "0", the Q output remains "0".

Therefore, the data selector 242 selects the input 0 and outputs it to the latch circuit 232, and the latch circuit 232 latches the data of the count value stored in the previous stage 236a of the shift register 236 as it is, and FIG. ) Is output as level data (initial touch data).

Thereafter, at the next rising timing of the output signal of the oscillator 234, the count value stored in the former stage 236a of the shift register 236 is shifted to the latter stage 236b, and the new count value of the counter 231 is stored in the former stage 236a.

Also at this time, since the new count value should be larger, the inputs A and B of the change detection circuit 237 are | A−B |> C
However, since the output remains “1”, the latch circuit 23
The latch data of 2 does not change, and the states of FF239A and 239B do not change.

Such a state continues until the end of the key pressing stroke, and when the key pressing ends, the count value of the counter 231 for each cycle of the output signal of the oscillator 234 hardly changes, so that the front stage 236a and the rear stage 236b of the shift register 236. Are almost the same and the inputs A and B of the change detection circuit 237 are | A
−B |> C is no longer satisfied, and the output
It returns to "0" as shown in FIG.

This state continues as long as the key is at the maximum key-depressed position.
When the cushion material 27d shown in the figure is pressed and slightly depressed, the count value of the counter 231 within a certain time increases again, and the inputs A and B of the change detection circuit 237 satisfy the condition of | A−B |> C. As a result, the output becomes "1" again as shown in FIG.

Therefore, a clock signal is given to the FFs 239A and 239B. At this time, since the D input of the 239B is "1", the Q output, that is, the selector control signal becomes "1" as shown in FIG. 25 (g). Input 1 to select state of selector 242
Switch to.

Therefore, the divider 240 is connected to the previous stage 236a of the shift register 236.
And the ratio A / B of the input data A and B from the subsequent stage 236b is calculated, and the data obtained by multiplying the level data output from the latch circuit 232 by the multiplier 241 is output via the selector 242, and the latch Latched to circuit 232.

As a result, the level data output from the latch circuit 232 increases at a rate corresponding to the rate of change of the count value as shown in FIG. 25 (h). This is used as aftertouch data for tone control.

After that, when the key is released and rises and returns, the comparator
Output of 116 returns to “0” (key-off signal), NOT circuit 233
Becomes "1", the counter 231 is reset and the shift register 236 and the latch circuit 232 are cleared.

Therefore, all the parts return to the initial state as shown in FIG.

Such a circuit is provided for each key, and level data (including initial touch data and after touch data) output from each latch data forming circuit 230 is input to the multi-circuit 140, and each key is The signal is sent to the tone signal generation circuit 150 in a time-division manner.

In the same manner as described above, various tone control parameters such as the attack level (volume) of the generated tone signal can be controlled in multiple stages using the initial touch data.

Also, after-touch data can be used to perform after-tone control after tone generation, such as multi-step tone control using various parameters such as delay vibrato, tremolo, pitch change, tone color change, and sustain waveform.

According to this circuit, the initial touch data and the after touch data can be detected by a common circuit.

Furthermore, by using a combination of the various surface coils described above as a coil constituting the oscillator 100, it is possible to realize various effective and complex sound controls.

Each function of this circuit can be easily realized by using a microcomputer.

In addition, the present invention can be applied not only to a normal keyboard electronic musical instrument but also to a keyboard, a push-button type keyboard, or a pedal keyboard of various portable electronic musical instruments, and further to an expression pedal device, a knee lever device and the like.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to reliably detect the operation state of the manipulator in the electronic musical instrument, change and control various musical tone control parameters, and express the emotional expression of the player in the performance sound. It can be reflected finely.

For example, the oscillation frequency of the oscillator is changed by both the pressing operation and the swinging operation of the operating element, and the count value of the counting means is changed. Can also be easily done.

Further, it is also possible to control the musical tone control parameters by obtaining different types of count value data according to the purpose, such as count value data within a unit time at the beginning of the operation start and count value data over almost the entire operation stroke.

Further, since the touch data is obtained as digital data based on the count value, the processing by the microcomputer is easy.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cut-away side sectional view showing an example of a keyboard mechanism and its operating element sensing means according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view thereof, and FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view along a key width direction of a second example of the operation element displacement sensing means used in the present invention, FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing only the key guide plate, FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a third example of the actuator displacement sensing means used in the present invention, FIG. 7 is an assembly view of the key guide block, and FIG. 8 is a key guide cap fitted to the key guide block. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of FIG. 8 in an enlarged manner, and FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing a state in which the actuator displacement sensing means is similarly attached to a printed circuit board and a key. Fig. 11 shows the key FIGS. 12 (a) to 12 (d) are diagrams illustrating the operation of the third example, respectively, and FIGS. 13 (a) to 13 (d) are each a diagram of FIG. 12 (a). )-(D)
FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram showing an example of an oscillator using the coil, and FIG. 15 is a key guide block in a third example of the actuator displacement sensing means. 16 and 17 are main circuit diagrams of an application example in which the connection of the coil of the oscillator shown in FIG. 14 is different, and FIG. 18 is an operation element used in the present invention. 19 (a) to 19 (d) are perspective views showing only the key guide block of the fourth example of the displacement sensing means, FIGS. 19 (a) to 19 (d) are development views showing different examples of the coil sheet, and FIG. FIGS. 19 (b) to 19 (d) are perspective views in the course of attaching the coil sheet to the coil bobbin. FIGS. Coil pattern from above FIG. 21 is a block diagram of a first example of a touch data formation and tone control circuit according to the present invention, and FIG. 22 is a timing chart of output signals of respective parts for explaining the operation thereof. 23 is a diagram showing the conversion characteristics of the data conversion table in FIG. 21, FIG. 24 is a block diagram of a second circuit example which is an application example of the present invention, and FIG. 25 is a touch data forming circuit thereof. Timing charts of output signals of respective parts for explaining the operation of the keys, 1, 1 ': white key and black key (key), 2: keyboard frame 7, key guide cap, 8: printed circuit board 10, key guide block, 11 … Guide ridges 12a-12c… surface coil pattern 17… key guide channel, 20… key guide plate 22… surface coil pattern 27… key guide cap 30… key guide block, 31… coil sheet 31a-31e… coil forming surface 31f … Terminal surface, 3 2 ... Coil bobbin 32a ... Coil sheet support part 32b ... Guide ridge, 33 ... Pin 40 ... Key guide block body 41-44 ... Coil sheet 45 ... Coil bobbin, 46 ... Guide frame 100 ... Oscillator 110 ... Key press detection circuit (No. 1. Watching means (1) 120: End-of-key-press detection circuit (second watching means) 130, 230 ... Touch data forming circuit 140 ... Multi circuit 145 ... Data conversion table 146 ... Data selector 150 ... Music signal generating circuit 160 ... Sound system

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. An electronic musical instrument having an operation element and an operation element supporting member for movably supporting the operation element, wherein one of the operation element and the operation element supporting member has a surface coil, and the other has an inductance change inducing means. The surface coil and the surface of the inductance change inducing means are provided
In the entire stroke of the operation of moving the operation element, the operation element includes a plurality of portions facing each other along a pressing direction of the operation element and a direction orthogonal to the direction, and the surface coil is incorporated as a part of an oscillation element. An oscillator whose oscillation frequency changes in accordance with a change in a facing distance and a facing area between the surface coil and the surface of the inductance change inducing means; and a counting means for counting the number of oscillation pulses from the oscillator when the operating element is moved. And an electronic musical instrument provided with means for changing and controlling musical tone control parameters based on the count value. 2. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, further comprising a first means for monitoring the oscillation frequency of said oscillator, and detecting when the moving speed of said operator reaches a preset initial speed. An electronic musical instrument, wherein the counting means counts the number of oscillation pulses per unit time from the oscillator after the initial speed is detected by the means. 3. The electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein the oscillation frequency of said oscillator is watched, and when the speed of the manipulator has started moving has reached a predetermined end-of-movement value. A second watch means for detecting is provided, and the counting means counts the number of oscillation pulses from the oscillator until the second watch means detects the end of movement after the start of movement of the operating element. An electronic musical instrument characterized by the following. 4. An electronic musical instrument according to claim 1, wherein said oscillation frequency of said oscillator is watched, and when the moving speed of said operator reaches an initial speed set in advance, said first watching means is provided. A second monitoring means for monitoring the oscillation frequency of the oscillator, and detecting when the speed of the operation element has reached a preset end-of-movement value after the operation element has started to move; After the initial speed is detected by the watching means, the number of oscillation pulses from the oscillator in a unit time is counted by the counting means, or the number of oscillation pulses from the oscillator until the second watching means detects the end of movement. Means for selecting whether or not to count by the counting means.