JPH0336472A - Open type heat pump - Google Patents
Open type heat pumpInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0336472A JPH0336472A JP16913589A JP16913589A JPH0336472A JP H0336472 A JPH0336472 A JP H0336472A JP 16913589 A JP16913589 A JP 16913589A JP 16913589 A JP16913589 A JP 16913589A JP H0336472 A JPH0336472 A JP H0336472A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- hot water
- refrigerant
- condenser
- heat pump
- liquid level
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000000453 Skin Neoplasms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000000849 skin cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は冷媒として水を使用するオープン型ヒートポン
プに関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to an open type heat pump that uses water as a refrigerant.
従来この種のヒートポンプは、第４図に示すように、蒸
発器１、圧縮機２、凝縮器３及び膨張弁４を具備し、該
機器間を冷媒が通る冷媒通路で接続している。As shown in FIG. 4, a conventional heat pump of this type includes an evaporator 1, a compressor 2, a condenser 3, and an expansion valve 4, and these devices are connected by a refrigerant passage through which refrigerant passes.
上記構成のヒートポンプにおいては、冷媒としてフロン
を使用するものが一般的であった。そしてユーザに供給
される温水Ｃは凝縮器３の伝熱管の中を通過することに
より加熱される。Heat pumps having the above configuration generally use Freon as a refrigerant. The hot water C supplied to the user is heated by passing through the heat transfer tube of the condenser 3.
なお、５は液位調節器であり、膨張弁４を制御して、蒸
発器１の液位を調整する。Note that 5 is a liquid level regulator, which controls the expansion valve 4 to adjust the liquid level of the evaporator 1.
また、水を冷媒とするとヒートポンプの一種にＶ ＲＣ
（Ｖａｐｏｒ Ｒｅ Ｃｏｍｐｒｅｓｓｉｏｎ ）など
の名称で従来から使用されてきたものがある。これは各
種水溶液の濃縮を主目的としたものであり、第５図に示
すように、蒸発器と凝縮器は一体化された蒸発器兼凝縮
器２１となっており、排出されるドレンＧは通常は比較
的少量であり、温水としてユーザに供給できるようなも
のではない。Also, when water is used as a refrigerant, V RC is a type of heat pump.
(Vapor Re Compression). The main purpose of this is to concentrate various aqueous solutions, and as shown in Figure 5, the evaporator and condenser are integrated into an evaporator/condenser 21, and the drain G that is discharged is It is usually in relatively small amounts and cannot be supplied to users as hot water.
ここで第５図のヒートポンプを説明する。希溶液Ｅは蒸
発器兼凝縮器２１に供給される。この蒸発器兼凝縮器２
１は水蒸気圧縮機２２により引かれているため、希溶液
から水分が蒸発する。その水蒸気Ｆは水蒸気圧縮機２２
に吸引され該水蒸気圧縮機２２のチューブ側に吐出され
る。ここで圧力が上って水蒸気が希溶液Ｅを加熱すると
同時に自分自身は冷却されドレンＧとなり排水される。Here, the heat pump shown in FIG. 5 will be explained. The dilute solution E is supplied to the evaporator/condenser 21. This evaporator/condenser 2
1 is drawn by the steam compressor 22, so water evaporates from the dilute solution. The water vapor F is transferred to the water vapor compressor 22
The water is sucked into the steam compressor 22 and discharged to the tube side of the steam compressor 22. Here, the pressure increases and the water vapor heats the dilute solution E, while at the same time cooling itself and forming a drain G to be drained.
希溶液Ｅは水分を奪われ、濃溶液Ｈとなり、流出する。The dilute solution E is dehydrated and becomes a concentrated solution H, which flows out.
現在地球の温暖化の防止やエネルギー資源の枯渇防止の
ためエネルギーの節減が益々重要になっている。その意
味で省エネルギー効果の高いヒートポンプは益々重要な
存在となりつつあるが、上記従来のヒートポンプではこ
の要望に充分対応できなかった。Currently, saving energy is becoming increasingly important in order to prevent global warming and the depletion of energy resources. In this sense, heat pumps with high energy-saving effects are becoming increasingly important, but the conventional heat pumps described above have not been able to adequately meet this demand.
一方、従来のヒートポンプで使用されているフロンの内
、特定フロンと呼ばれるものは安定性が高く長期間に渡
って分解されないため、大気に漏出すると地球を包むオ
ゾン層に達し、これを破壊するといわれている。ここで
特定フロンとは、フロンの内、水素原子を含まず一般に
Ｃ，Ｃ１，Ｆ。On the other hand, among the fluorocarbons used in conventional heat pumps, certain fluorocarbons are highly stable and do not decompose over long periods of time, so if they leak into the atmosphere, they reach the ozone layer that surrounds the earth and are said to destroy it. ing. Here, the specific fluorocarbons generally refer to C, C1, and F among fluorocarbons that do not contain hydrogen atoms.
（ここでｋは正の整数、ｍ及びｎは０又は正の整数）の
分子式で表わされるものをいう。オゾン層が破壊される
と、太陽からの有害な紫外線がそのまま地表に達し、皮
膚癌を発生させたり、フロンそのものによる温室効果の
ため地球の温暖が進行し、生態系を変えてしまう恐れが
ある。そこで近年、上記特定フロンの使用合理化、排出
抑制が強くさけばれている。(where k is a positive integer, m and n are 0 or positive integers). If the ozone layer is destroyed, harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun will reach the earth's surface, causing skin cancer, and the greenhouse effect caused by the fluorocarbons themselves will cause global warming, potentially changing the ecosystem. . Therefore, in recent years, efforts have been made to rationalize the use and suppress emissions of the above-mentioned specific fluorocarbons.
また、従来のヒートポンプでは、第４図に示さイ員り
れるように、凝縮器３において冷媒から水量に間接的に
熱を伝えるため、両者間に一定の温度差が存在しなけれ
ばならず、ヒートポンプシステムの効率を低下させる原
因となついる。In addition, in conventional heat pumps, as shown in Fig. 4, heat is transferred indirectly from the refrigerant to the water in the condenser 3, so a certain temperature difference must exist between the two. This causes a decrease in the efficiency of the heat pump system.
また、オープン型ヒートポンプにおいては、１００°Ｃ
未満の温水製造用に使用する場合、直接接触接触式凝縮
器を含めた系内は真空側になるため、オープンとした部
分の弁の漏洩などにより系内に空気が流入し性能低下な
どの不具合が生じる。本発明は上述の点に鑑みてなされ
たもので、上記問題点を除去し、冷媒としてオゾン層を
破壊する上記特定フロンを使用することなく、伝熱効率
が良く、省エネルギー効果が高く、安定で且つ安価なヒ
ートポンプを提供することにある。In addition, in open type heat pumps, 100°C
When used to produce hot water with a temperature of less than occurs. The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned points, and eliminates the above-mentioned problems, and does not use the above-mentioned specified CFCs that destroy the ozone layer as a refrigerant, has good heat transfer efficiency, high energy-saving effect, is stable, and Our goal is to provide inexpensive heat pumps.
上記課題を解決するため本発明は、オープン型ヒートポ
ンプを下記の如く（第１図、第２図、第３図参照）構成
した。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention has configured an open type heat pump as follows (see FIGS. 1, 2, and 3).
蒸発器１、圧縮＠２、凝縮器３及び膨張弁４を具備し、
該機器間を冷媒を通す冷媒通路で接続してなる圧縮式ヒ
ートポンプにおいて、冷媒Ｂとして水を使用し、凝縮器
３はユーザに供給する温水Ｃと冷媒Ｂとが直接接触する
直接接触式であり、温水Ｃの一部は給湯り等として消費
されるオープン型ヒートポンプとして構成し、凝縮器３
と蒸発器１の少なくとも一方に冷媒液位調節器５又は６
を備え、冷媒液位の低下に応じて、蒸発器に冷媒たる水
を補給することを特徴とする。Comprising an evaporator 1, a compressor @ 2, a condenser 3 and an expansion valve 4,
In a compression type heat pump in which the devices are connected by a refrigerant passage through which refrigerant passes, water is used as the refrigerant B, and the condenser 3 is a direct contact type in which the hot water C supplied to the user and the refrigerant B are in direct contact. , a part of the hot water C is configured as an open type heat pump that is consumed as hot water supply, etc.
and a refrigerant level regulator 5 or 6 in at least one of the evaporator 1 and the evaporator 1.
The evaporator is characterized in that water, which is a refrigerant, is replenished into the evaporator in response to a decrease in the refrigerant liquid level.
また、蒸発器１、圧縮機２、凝縮器３及び膨張弁４を具
備し、該機器間を冷媒を通す冷媒通路で接続してなる圧
縮式ヒートポンプにおいて、冷媒Ｂとして水を使用し、
凝縮器３はユーザに供給する温水Ｃと冷媒Ｂとが直接接
触する直接接触式であり、温水Ｃの一部は給湯り等とし
て消費されるオープン型ヒートポンプとして構成し、凝
縮器３から送り出す温水供給ポンプ９の吐出圧力調節器
１２を備え、温水供給回路１５、温水戻り回路１６、又
は給湯回路１７に閉止装置１３．１４を備え、該閉止装
置１３．１４は、温水供給ポンプ９の吐出圧力が大気圧
以上の場合に限って温水系をオープン回路とし、大気圧
を越えない場合は温水系をクローズ回路とすることを特
徴とする。In addition, in a compression heat pump comprising an evaporator 1, a compressor 2, a condenser 3, and an expansion valve 4, and in which the devices are connected by a refrigerant passage through which a refrigerant passes, water is used as the refrigerant B,
The condenser 3 is a direct contact type in which the hot water C supplied to the user and the refrigerant B are in direct contact, and a part of the hot water C is configured as an open type heat pump that is consumed for hot water supply etc., and the hot water sent out from the condenser 3 is A discharge pressure regulator 12 of the supply pump 9 is provided, and a closure device 13.14 is provided in the hot water supply circuit 15, the hot water return circuit 16 or the hot water supply circuit 17, the closure device 13.14 adjusting the discharge pressure of the hot water supply pump 9. The hot water system is an open circuit only when the pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure, and the hot water system is a closed circuit when the atmospheric pressure is not exceeded.
また、ヒートポンプは多段型であり、低段側ヒートポン
プの冷媒には水銀外の物質を用い、高段側のヒートポン
プには上記オープン型ヒートポンプを用いることを特徴
とする。Further, the heat pump is of a multistage type, and is characterized in that a substance other than mercury is used as a refrigerant in the lower stage heat pump, and the open type heat pump is used in the higher stage heat pump.
ヒートポンプを上記の如く構成することにより、冷媒た
る水は、蒸発器１で熱源流体Ａから熱を得て、蒸発し、
水蒸気Ｂになり、この水蒸気Ｂは圧縮機２により圧縮さ
れ、凝縮器３に吐出される。ここで凝縮器３は温水Ｃと
冷媒Ｂとが直接接触する直接接触式である。即ち、凝縮
器３に溜った液体冷媒たる水は冷媒ポンプ８により、凝
縮器３内で散布され、圧縮機２から吐出された水蒸気は
該散布されている水と直接的に接触して、これに凝縮混
入する。逆にいえば、散布されている水は水蒸気から顕
熱及び潜熱を得て加熱され、こうして得られた温水Ｃは
ユーザに供給される。従って伝熱効率が良く、且つ熱交
換器のコストの多くを占める高価な伝熱チューブが不要
となる。By configuring the heat pump as described above, water as a refrigerant obtains heat from the heat source fluid A in the evaporator 1 and evaporates.
The water vapor B becomes water vapor B, which is compressed by the compressor 2 and discharged to the condenser 3. Here, the condenser 3 is of a direct contact type in which hot water C and refrigerant B are in direct contact with each other. That is, water, which is a liquid refrigerant accumulated in the condenser 3, is dispersed within the condenser 3 by the refrigerant pump 8, and the water vapor discharged from the compressor 2 comes into direct contact with the dispersed water and is dispersed. It is condensed and mixed into. Conversely, the water being sprayed is heated by obtaining sensible heat and latent heat from the water vapor, and the hot water C thus obtained is supplied to the user. Therefore, heat transfer efficiency is good, and expensive heat transfer tubes that account for most of the cost of the heat exchanger are not required.
また、温水がユーザにおいて、単に熱交換され温度が低
下しただけで全量戻ってくるシステムもあるが、一部は
給湯用として、消費されるオープン型ヒートポンプとし
て使用されるシステムにおいては、凝縮器３から膨張弁
４を経て蒸発器１に戻る冷媒たる水は、蒸発器１から圧
縮機２に吸引された量より少ない、その差は外部から補
給水Ｉとして補給される。この場合補給木工は一般に低
温であるため、これを凝縮器３に補給すると温水Ｃの温
度を低下させてしまうが、本発明で蒸発器１に補給する
ので、エネルギー損失を最小限に抑制することができる
。In addition, there are systems in which the hot water is simply exchanged with the user and the entire amount is returned after the temperature has decreased, but in systems used as open heat pumps where some of the hot water is consumed for hot water supply, the condenser 3 The amount of refrigerant water that returns to the evaporator 1 via the expansion valve 4 is smaller than the amount sucked into the compressor 2 from the evaporator 1, and the difference is replenished as make-up water I from the outside. In this case, since the replenishing woodwork is generally at a low temperature, replenishing it to the condenser 3 would lower the temperature of the hot water C. However, in the present invention, it is replenished to the evaporator 1, so energy loss can be suppressed to a minimum. I can do it.
また、−給湯回路に閉止装置を備え、該閉止回路は温水
用ポンプの吐出圧力が大気圧以上の場合に限って温水系
をオープン回路とし、大気圧を越えない場合は温水系を
クローズ回路とするから、ヒートポンプ系内が真空サイ
ドになったときにも空気の流入を避け、ヒートポンプの
性能低下を大変効果的に防止することができる。In addition, - a closing device is provided in the hot water supply circuit, and the closing circuit makes the hot water system an open circuit only when the discharge pressure of the hot water pump is equal to or higher than atmospheric pressure, and closes the hot water system when the discharge pressure does not exceed atmospheric pressure. Therefore, even when the inside of the heat pump system is on the vacuum side, the inflow of air can be avoided, and a decrease in the performance of the heat pump can be very effectively prevented.
また、蒸発器１と凝縮器３の少なくとも一方に備えられ
た液位調節器５又は６により、凝縮器３から蒸発器１に
流出する冷媒量を制御し、蒸発器１の液位変動により、
ヒートポンプ系の冷媒量の減少を検知し、液位調節器６
又は５で冷媒量を調節することにより、ヒートポンプ系
内の液位バランスを良好に保つことができる。In addition, the amount of refrigerant flowing out from the condenser 3 to the evaporator 1 is controlled by a liquid level regulator 5 or 6 provided in at least one of the evaporator 1 and the condenser 3, and the liquid level of the evaporator 1 is varied.
Detects a decrease in the amount of refrigerant in the heat pump system and activates the liquid level regulator 6.
Alternatively, by adjusting the amount of refrigerant in step 5, it is possible to maintain a good liquid level balance within the heat pump system.
また、温水系統に閉止装置を備えた場合は、必要に応じ
てこれをオープン回路としたりクローズ回路としたりで
きる。Furthermore, if the hot water system is equipped with a closing device, this can be made into an open circuit or a closed circuit as necessary.
以下、本発明の一実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。 Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.
第１図は本発明に係るオープン型ヒートポンプの構成を
示す図で、図示するように、蒸発器１、圧縮機２、凝縮
器３及び膨張弁４を具備し、該機器間を冷媒が通る冷媒
通路で接続されている。凝縮器３はユーザに供給する温
水Ｃと冷媒との直接接触する直接接触式の凝縮器である
。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of an open type heat pump according to the present invention, and as shown in the figure, it is equipped with an evaporator 1, a compressor 2, a condenser 3, and an expansion valve 4, and a refrigerant passes between the devices. connected by a passage. The condenser 3 is a direct contact type condenser in which the hot water C supplied to the user comes into direct contact with the refrigerant.
上記構成のオープン型ヒートポンプにおいて、冷媒たる
水は、蒸発器１で熱源流体Ａから熱を得て、蒸発し、水
蒸気Ｂになる。この水蒸気Ｂは圧縮機２により圧縮され
、該圧縮機２より凝縮器３に吐出される。In the open type heat pump configured as described above, water, which is a refrigerant, obtains heat from the heat source fluid A in the evaporator 1, evaporates, and becomes water vapor B. This water vapor B is compressed by a compressor 2 and discharged from the compressor 2 to a condenser 3.
蒸発器１には液位調節器５が設けられ、該液位調節器５
は凝縮器３から蒸発器１へ戻る冷媒の通る冷媒通路に設
けられた膨張弁４を調整し、蒸発器１内の液面高さが一
定の値になるように制御する。凝縮器３には液位調節器
６が設けられ、該液位調節器６は補給水用調節弁７を調
節することにより凝縮器３の液位量が所定の位置になる
ように制御する。即ち、ヒートポンプ系内の冷媒たる水
を所定量維持するようにする。The evaporator 1 is provided with a liquid level regulator 5, and the liquid level regulator 5
adjusts the expansion valve 4 provided in the refrigerant passage through which the refrigerant returns from the condenser 3 to the evaporator 1, and controls the liquid level in the evaporator 1 to a constant value. The condenser 3 is provided with a liquid level regulator 6, and the liquid level regulator 6 controls the liquid level of the condenser 3 to a predetermined position by adjusting the make-up water control valve 7. That is, a predetermined amount of water as a refrigerant in the heat pump system is maintained.
凝縮器３で加熱された温水Ｃは温水供給ポンプ９により
ユーザに供給され、温水負荷（熱交換器）１０において
、熱を奪われ温度が下がった温水Ｃとして凝縮器３に戻
る。一方、温水Ｃの一部が給湯調節弁１１を介しで給湯
りとして供給されるため、ヒートポンプ系内の冷媒は消
費されるが、それを前記補給水用調節弁７を通して、蒸
発器１に補給する。The hot water C heated in the condenser 3 is supplied to the user by a hot water supply pump 9, and returns to the condenser 3 as hot water C whose temperature has been reduced by removing heat in a hot water load (heat exchanger) 10. On the other hand, since a part of the hot water C is supplied as hot water via the hot water supply control valve 11, the refrigerant in the heat pump system is consumed, but it is supplied to the evaporator 1 through the makeup water control valve 7. do.
ここで凝縮器３は上述のように、直接接触式であり、こ
の凝縮器３に溜った液体冷媒たる水は、冷媒ポンプ８に
より、凝縮器３内で散布される。Here, the condenser 3 is of the direct contact type, as described above, and water, which is a liquid refrigerant accumulated in the condenser 3, is dispersed within the condenser 3 by the refrigerant pump 8.
ここに吐出された水蒸気は散布されている水と直接的に
接触して、これに凝縮混入する。逆にいえば、散布され
ている水は水蒸気から顕熱及び潜熱を得て加熱され、こ
うして得られた温水Ｃはユーザに供給される。The steam discharged here comes into direct contact with the sprayed water and condenses there. Conversely, the water being sprayed is heated by obtaining sensible heat and latent heat from the water vapor, and the hot water C thus obtained is supplied to the user.
この場合、温水がユーザにおいて、単に熱交換され温度
が低下しただけで全量戻ってくるシステムもあるが、本
実施例では一部は給湯調節弁１１を介して給湯りとして
、消費されるオープン型ヒートポンプとして使用される
システムである。In this case, there is a system in which the hot water is simply exchanged with the user and the entire amount is returned after the temperature has decreased, but in this embodiment, a part of the hot water is returned to the user via the hot water supply control valve 11 as hot water and is consumed as hot water. This system is used as a heat pump.
このようなシステムにおいては、凝縮器３から膨張弁４
を経て蒸発器１に戻る冷媒たる水は、蒸発器１から圧縮
機２に吸引された量より少ない、その差は外部から補給
水Ｉとして補給される。この補給水量は凝縮器３に備え
られた、液位調節器６により補給水用調節弁７を制御し
て調整される。In such a system, from the condenser 3 to the expansion valve 4
The amount of water as a refrigerant that returns to the evaporator 1 via the evaporator 1 is smaller than the amount sucked into the compressor 2 from the evaporator 1, and the difference is replenished as make-up water I from the outside. The amount of make-up water is adjusted by controlling a make-up water control valve 7 by a liquid level regulator 6 provided in the condenser 3.
また、凝縮器３の液位調節器６により、凝縮器３から蒸
発器１に流出する冷媒量を制御し、蒸発器１の液位変動
により、ヒートポンプ系の冷媒量を減少を検知し、蒸発
器１の液位調節器５で冷媒量を調節することにより、ヒ
ートポンプ系内の液位バランスを良好に保つことができ
る。In addition, the liquid level controller 6 of the condenser 3 controls the amount of refrigerant flowing out from the condenser 3 to the evaporator 1, and detects a decrease in the amount of refrigerant in the heat pump system due to fluctuations in the liquid level of the evaporator 1. By adjusting the amount of refrigerant with the liquid level regulator 5 of the heat pump system 1, it is possible to maintain a good liquid level balance within the heat pump system.
第２図は本発明に係る他のオープン型ヒートポンプの構
成を示す図である。本実施例では、凝縮器３に設は液位
調節器６は膨張弁４を調節するようになっており、これ
により、凝縮器３の液面高さが一定に制御される。また
、蒸発器１に設けられた液位調節器５は補給水用調節弁
７を調節することにより、蒸発器１の液面を一定に制御
するが、これにより第１図に示す構成のヒートポンプと
同様に給湯により消費された冷媒をヒートポンプ系内に
補給することができる。ここでも冷媒である補給水Ｉは
蒸発器１に供給される。FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of another open type heat pump according to the present invention. In this embodiment, a liquid level regulator 6 installed in the condenser 3 is adapted to adjust the expansion valve 4, so that the liquid level in the condenser 3 is controlled to be constant. In addition, the liquid level regulator 5 provided in the evaporator 1 controls the liquid level of the evaporator 1 to a constant level by adjusting the make-up water control valve 7. Similarly, the refrigerant consumed by hot water supply can be replenished into the heat pump system. Also here, make-up water I, which is a refrigerant, is supplied to the evaporator 1.
第３図（ａ）、（ｂ）はそれぞれ本発明に係る他（７）
オープン型ヒー゛トボンブの構成を示す図である。第３
Ｑ（ａ）ヒートポンプでは温水供給ポンプ９の吐出圧力
調節器１２により、温水供給回路１５、温水戻り回路１
６に設けられた温水系閉止装置１３．１４を操作するよ
うに構成されている。吐出圧力が大気圧を下回るときに
は温水系止装置１３．１４が働き、ユーザへの温水供給
を−切おこなわず、凝縮器３内で冷媒が循環するだけで
ある。従って、温水系閉止装置１３．１４が働き温水供
給を断ったときは、蓄熱運転がされていることになる。FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) each relate to the present invention (7)
1 is a diagram showing the configuration of an open type heat bomb. Third
Q(a) In the heat pump, the discharge pressure regulator 12 of the hot water supply pump 9 controls the hot water supply circuit 15 and the hot water return circuit 1.
It is configured to operate a hot water system closure device 13.14 provided at 6. When the discharge pressure is below atmospheric pressure, the hot water system shutoff devices 13 and 14 operate, and the refrigerant only circulates within the condenser 3 without cutting off the hot water supply to the user. Therefore, when the hot water system shutoff devices 13 and 14 act to cut off the supply of hot water, it means that heat storage operation is being performed.
また、第３図（ｂ）ヒートポンプでは、温水供給ポンプ
９の吐出圧力が大気圧を越えないときには吐出圧力調節
器１２により、給湯回路１７に設けられた温水系閉止装
置１３が働き給湯りが遮断されるので、この場合ヒート
ポンプはクローズ回路を形成し、温水負荷にのみ温水Ｃ
は供給されて循環する。In addition, in the heat pump shown in FIG. 3(b), when the discharge pressure of the hot water supply pump 9 does not exceed atmospheric pressure, the hot water system closing device 13 provided in the hot water supply circuit 17 is activated by the discharge pressure regulator 12 to shut off hot water supply. In this case, the heat pump forms a closed circuit and supplies hot water C only to the hot water load.
is supplied and circulated.
上記構成のオープン型ヒートポンプの場合は、冷媒たる
水の補給が必要となるが、補給水Ｉは一般に低温である
ために、これを凝縮器３に補給すると温水Ｃの温度を低
下させてしまうが、蒸発器１に補給することにより、エ
ネルギーの損失を最小限に制御することができる。In the case of an open type heat pump with the above configuration, it is necessary to replenish water as a refrigerant, but since the replenishment water I is generally low temperature, replenishing the condenser 3 with it will lower the temperature of hot water C. , energy loss can be controlled to a minimum by replenishing the evaporator 1.
なお、上記実施例のヒートポンプはいずれも１段のみの
ものを示したが、ヒートポンプを多段構成とし、低段側
ヒートポンプの冷媒には水銀外の物質を用い、高段側ヒ
ートポンプに、第１図乃至第３図に示すいずれかの構成
のヒートポンプを用いるように構成してもよいことは当
然である。Although the heat pumps in the above embodiments are all shown as having only one stage, the heat pumps have a multi-stage structure, a substance other than mercury is used as the refrigerant in the lower stage heat pump, and a material other than mercury is used in the higher stage heat pump. It goes without saying that a heat pump having any of the configurations shown in FIGS. 3 to 3 may be used.
〔発明の効果〕
以上説明したように本発明によれば下記のような優れた
効果が得られる。[Effects of the Invention] As explained above, according to the present invention, the following excellent effects can be obtained.
■冷媒が水であるため、無毒、無害であり且つ可燃性や
爆発性がない。■Since the refrigerant is water, it is non-toxic and harmless, and is not flammable or explosive.
■また、冷媒が水であること等から極めて安価である。■Also, because the refrigerant is water, it is extremely inexpensive.
■温水を１００°Ｃ以下又はその近辺で使用する限り真
空または低圧であるため安全で取扱が容易である。■As long as hot water is used at or near 100°C, it is safe and easy to handle because it is vacuum or low pressure.
■冷媒が安定物質であり、分解等の恐れがなく、またオ
ゾン層の破壊や温室効果の対象物質でもない。■The refrigerant is a stable substance, so there is no risk of decomposition, and it is not a substance that depletes the ozone layer or causes the greenhouse effect.
■蒸気の潜熱及び比熱が大きいから、比較的高温の温水
が容易にえられる。■Because the latent heat and specific heat of steam are large, relatively high-temperature hot water can be obtained easily.
■凝縮器が直接接触式であり、且つ冷媒は温水としてそ
のままユーザに供給することができるため、伝熱効率が
良く、熱交換器のコストの多くを占める高価な伝熱管チ
ューブが不要で経済性に優れたものとなる。■Since the condenser is a direct contact type and the refrigerant can be supplied to the user as hot water, it has good heat transfer efficiency and is economical as there is no need for expensive heat exchanger tubes that account for most of the cost of heat exchangers. It will be excellent.
■オープン型ヒートポンプにおいて必要な補給水は一般
に低温であるため、これを凝縮器３に補給すると温水温
度が低下させてしまうが、本発明では、蒸発器に補給す
るのでエネルギー損失を最小限に抑制することができる
。■The make-up water required in open type heat pumps is generally low-temperature, so replenishing it to the condenser 3 will lower the hot water temperature, but in the present invention, energy loss is minimized by replenishing it to the evaporator. can do.
■蒸発器の液位調節器により凝縮器から蒸発器に還流す
る冷媒量を制御し、凝縮器での液位低下により当該ヒー
トポンプ系の冷媒量の減少を検知し、凝縮器の液位調節
器で冷媒供給量を調整することにより、ヒートポンプ系
内各部の液位バランスを良好に保つことができる。■The evaporator's liquid level regulator controls the amount of refrigerant flowing back from the condenser to the evaporator, and detects a decrease in the amount of refrigerant in the heat pump system due to a decrease in the liquid level in the condenser, and the condenser's liquid level regulator By adjusting the amount of refrigerant supplied, it is possible to maintain a good liquid level balance in each part of the heat pump system.
■給湯回路に閉止装置を備え、該閉止回路は温水用ポン
プの吐出圧力が大気圧以上の場合に限って温水系をオー
プン回路とし、大気圧を越えない場合は温水系をクロー
ズ回路とするから、ヒートポンプ系内が真空サイドにな
ったときにも空気の流入を避け、ヒートポンプの性能低
下を大変効果的に防止することができる。■The hot water supply circuit is equipped with a closing device, and the closing circuit makes the hot water system an open circuit only when the discharge pressure of the hot water pump is above atmospheric pressure, and when it does not exceed atmospheric pressure, the hot water system becomes a closed circuit. Even when the inside of the heat pump system is on the vacuum side, it is possible to avoid the inflow of air and very effectively prevent the performance of the heat pump from deteriorating.
第１図は本発明に係るオープン型ヒートポンプの構成を
示す図、第２図は本発明に係る他のオープン型ヒートポ
ンプの構成を示す図、第３図（ａ）は令蜘畢義本発明に
係る他のオープン型ヒートポンプの構成を示す図、同図
（ｂ）は給湯回路部分を示す図、第４図は従来のヒート
ポンプの構成を示す図、第５図はＶＲＣ濃縮装置の構成
を示す図である。
図中、１・・・・蒸発器、２・・・・圧縮機、３・・・
・凝縮器、４・・・・膨張弁、５・・・・液位調節器、
６・・・・液位調節器、７・・・・補給水用調節弁、８
・・・・冷媒ポンプ、９・・・・温水供給ポンプ、１０
・・・・温水負荷、１１・・・・給湯調節弁、１２・・
・・吐出圧力調節器、１３．１４・・・・温水系止装置
、Ａ・・・・熱源流体、Ｂ・・・・冷媒、Ｃ・・・・温
水、Ｄ・・・・給湯。Figure 1 is a diagram showing the configuration of an open type heat pump according to the present invention, Figure 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of another open type heat pump according to the present invention, and Figure 3 (a) is a diagram showing the configuration of an open type heat pump according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of another open type heat pump, FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the configuration of a conventional heat pump, and FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the configuration of a VRC concentrator. It is. In the figure, 1... evaporator, 2... compressor, 3...
・Condenser, 4... Expansion valve, 5... Liquid level regulator,
6...Liquid level regulator, 7...Makeup water control valve, 8
... Refrigerant pump, 9 ... Hot water supply pump, 10
...Hot water load, 11...Hot water supply control valve, 12...
...Discharge pressure regulator, 13.14...Hot water system stop device, A...Heat source fluid, B...Refrigerant, C...Hot water, D...Hot water supply.
Claims (3)
機器間を冷媒を通す冷媒通路で接続してなる圧縮式ヒー
トポンプにおいて、冷媒として水を使用し、前記凝縮器
はユーザに供給する温水と前記冷媒とが直接接触する直
接接触方式であり、前記温水の一部は給湯等として消費
されるオープン型ヒートポンプとして構成し、前記凝縮
器と蒸発器の少なくとも一方に冷媒液位を調整する冷媒
液位調節器を備え、冷媒液位の低下に応じて、前記蒸発
器に前記冷媒たる水を補給することを特徴とするオープ
ン型ヒートポンプ。(1) A compression heat pump that is equipped with an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion valve, and in which the devices are connected by a refrigerant passage through which a refrigerant passes.Water is used as the refrigerant, and the condenser is operated by the user. It is a direct contact method in which the supplied hot water and the refrigerant come into direct contact, and a part of the hot water is configured as an open type heat pump that is consumed as hot water supply etc., and the refrigerant liquid level is set in at least one of the condenser and the evaporator. An open type heat pump comprising a refrigerant level regulator for adjusting the refrigerant level, and replenishing the evaporator with water, which is the refrigerant, in accordance with a decrease in the refrigerant level.
機器間を冷媒を通す冷媒通路で接続してなる圧縮式ヒー
トポンプにおいて、冷媒として水を使用し、前記凝縮器
はユーザに供給する温水と前記冷媒とが直接接触する直
接接触式であり、前記温水の一部は給湯等として消費さ
れるオープン型ヒートポンプとして構成し、凝縮器から
送り出す温水用ポンプの吐出圧力調節器を備え、温水供
給回路、温水戻り回路、又は給湯回路に閉止装置を備え
、当該閉止装置は、温水用ポンプの吐出圧力が大気圧以
上の場合に限って温水系をオープン回路とし、大気圧を
越えない場合は該温水系をクローズ回路とすることを特
徴とするオープン型ヒートポンプ。(2) A compression heat pump that is equipped with an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion valve, and in which the devices are connected by a refrigerant passage through which a refrigerant passes.Water is used as the refrigerant, and the condenser is connected to the user. It is a direct contact type in which the hot water to be supplied and the refrigerant are in direct contact, and a part of the hot water is consumed as hot water etc. as an open type heat pump, and is equipped with a discharge pressure regulator for the hot water pump sent out from the condenser. , the hot water supply circuit, hot water return circuit, or hot water supply circuit is equipped with a closing device, and the closing device makes the hot water system an open circuit only when the discharge pressure of the hot water pump is equal to or higher than atmospheric pressure, and does not exceed atmospheric pressure. In this case, the hot water system is an open type heat pump characterized by having a closed circuit.
プの冷媒には水以外の物質を用い、高段側のヒートポン
プには前記請求項（１）又は（２）記載のオープン型ヒ
ートポンプを用いることを特徴とする多段型ヒートポン
プ。(3) The heat pump is of a multi-stage type, and the lower stage heat pump uses a substance other than water as a refrigerant, and the higher stage heat pump uses the open type heat pump according to claim (1) or (2). A multi-stage heat pump featuring:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16913589A JPH0765822B2 (en) | 1989-06-29 | 1989-06-29 | Open type heat pump |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16913589A JPH0765822B2 (en) | 1989-06-29 | 1989-06-29 | Open type heat pump |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0336472A true JPH0336472A (en) | 1991-02-18 |
| JPH0765822B2 JPH0765822B2 (en) | 1995-07-19 |
Family
ID=15880933
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP16913589A Expired - Fee Related JPH0765822B2 (en) | 1989-06-29 | 1989-06-29 | Open type heat pump |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0765822B2 (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001074336A (en) * | 1999-09-03 | 2001-03-23 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Heat pump |
| JP2002267299A (en) * | 2001-03-07 | 2002-09-18 | Sanken Setsubi Kogyo Co Ltd | Cold liquid extracting system of steam compression refrigerating machine used for refrigeration or ice making |
| JP2005308271A (en) * | 2004-04-20 | 2005-11-04 | Sanken Setsubi Kogyo Co Ltd | Operation control device for water vapor compression refrigerator and cold water bypass control method for water vapor compression refrigerator |
| CN102494427A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-06-13 | 陈穗 | Evaporation compression thermodynamic system for infiltrating and liquefying overheating steam before unloading thermal loads |
| WO2013073482A1 (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-23 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | Temperature control device, processing device, and temperature control method |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101317113B1 (en) | 2005-05-23 | 2013-10-11 | 존슨 컨트롤스 테크놀러지 컴퍼니 | Battery grid |
| MX2009009385A (en) | 2007-03-02 | 2009-10-12 | Johnson Controls Tech Co | Negative grid for battery. |
| EP2543100B1 (en) | 2010-03-03 | 2014-05-07 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Battery grids and methods for manufacturing same |
| DE102013111109A1 (en) | 2013-10-08 | 2015-04-09 | Johnson Controls Autobatterie Gmbh & Co. Kgaa | Grid arrangement for a plate-shaped battery electrode of an electrochemical accumulator and accumulator |
-
1989
- 1989-06-29 JP JP16913589A patent/JPH0765822B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001074336A (en) * | 1999-09-03 | 2001-03-23 | Daikin Ind Ltd | Heat pump |
| JP2002267299A (en) * | 2001-03-07 | 2002-09-18 | Sanken Setsubi Kogyo Co Ltd | Cold liquid extracting system of steam compression refrigerating machine used for refrigeration or ice making |
| JP4601190B2 (en) * | 2001-03-07 | 2010-12-22 | 三建設備工業株式会社 | Cold liquid extraction system for steam compression refrigerators used for freezing or ice making |
| JP2005308271A (en) * | 2004-04-20 | 2005-11-04 | Sanken Setsubi Kogyo Co Ltd | Operation control device for water vapor compression refrigerator and cold water bypass control method for water vapor compression refrigerator |
| JP4518544B2 (en) * | 2004-04-20 | 2010-08-04 | 三建設備工業株式会社 | Operation control device for steam compression refrigerator |
| WO2013073482A1 (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-23 | 東京エレクトロン株式会社 | Temperature control device, processing device, and temperature control method |
| JP2013105915A (en) * | 2011-11-14 | 2013-05-30 | Tokyo Electron Ltd | Temperature control device, plasma processing device, processing device, and temperature control method |
| US9791191B2 (en) | 2011-11-14 | 2017-10-17 | Tokyo Electron Limited | Temperature control apparatus, processing apparatus, and temperature control method |
| US10591194B2 (en) | 2011-11-14 | 2020-03-17 | Tokyo Electron Limited | Temperature control method |
| CN102494427A (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-06-13 | 陈穗 | Evaporation compression thermodynamic system for infiltrating and liquefying overheating steam before unloading thermal loads |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH0765822B2 (en) | 1995-07-19 |
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