JPH0324741B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0324741B2 JPH0324741B2 JP55155747A JP15574780A JPH0324741B2 JP H0324741 B2 JPH0324741 B2 JP H0324741B2 JP 55155747 A JP55155747 A JP 55155747A JP 15574780 A JP15574780 A JP 15574780A JP H0324741 B2 JPH0324741 B2 JP H0324741B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- type structure
- electrolyte
- oxide
- discharge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001615 alkaline earth metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010431 corundum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 36
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- -1 iron cation Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical class O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 3
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- HCQWRNRRURULEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium;potassium;dichloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-].[Cl-].[K+] HCQWRNRRURULEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008707 rearrangement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000873 Beta-alumina solid electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910003321 CoFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020068 MgAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000627951 Osteobrama cotio Species 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NRJQXKWCYLCOSW-UHFFFAOYSA-K [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[F-].[Cl-].[Br-] Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[F-].[Cl-].[Br-] NRJQXKWCYLCOSW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000573 alkali metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000941 alkaline earth metal alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052798 chalcogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001787 chalcogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013626 chemical specie Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000374 eutectic mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000026030 halogenation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005658 halogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical group O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QNRUKMBLUVIEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium;magnesium;dichloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] QNRUKMBLUVIEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- IEGSXYJGFBDOLI-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium;potassium;diiodide Chemical compound [Li+].[K+].[I-].[I-] IEGSXYJGFBDOLI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium chloride Inorganic materials [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellurium atom Chemical compound [Te] PORWMNRCUJJQNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001428 transition metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012808 vapor phase Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Description
æ¬çºæã¯åºçŸ©ã«ã¯é»æ°ååŠé»æ± ã«é¢ãããç¹ã«
æ¬çºæã¯äºæ¬¡é»æ± çšã«ãœãŒãã®è£œé æ¹æ³åã³ãã®
æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠè£œé ãããã«ãœãŒãã«é¢ããã æ¬çºæã®äºæ¬¡é»æ± çšã«ãœãŒãã®è£œé æ¹æ³ã¯ãäž
è¬åŒAB2O4åŒäžãåã¯ïŒ¢ã®å°ãªããšãïŒã€ã
é·ç§»éå±ã§ãããåã³ïŒ¢ã®åã ãTiïŒïŒ¶ïŒCrïŒ
MnïŒFeïŒCoïŒNiïŒCuïŒZnïŒMgåã³Alãããª
ã矀ããéžã°ããïŒäŸ¡ãïŒäŸ¡åã¯ïŒäŸ¡ã®éå±éœã€
ãªã³ïŒœã§ç€ºãããã¹ããã«ååã¯ãªããœã¹ããã«
åæ§é ãæããé žåç©ãé»æ°ååŠçãªå æŸé»ãµã€
ã¯ã«ã«ãããããšãããªããããã«ããåèšé žå
ç©ããå®å®ãªäžæ¬¡å 骚çµæ§é 圢æ ã®ã«ãœãŒããåŸ
ããã該æ§é ã¯ãé©åœãªé»è§£è³ªåã³é©åœãªéœæ¥µãš
å ±ã«äºæ¬¡é»æ°ååŠé»æ± ãšããŠäœ¿çšããå Žåãå¯é
çãªå é»ïŒæŸé»åå¿ãçèµ·ãåŸãä»ã®ç©ççåã¯
ååŠçæ§é å€åã«é¢ããŠå®å®ã§ããïŒä»¥äžãäžèš
ã®ããã«åºçºç©è³ªãé»æ°ååŠçãªå æŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«
ã«ãããŠé»æ°ååŠçã«æŽ»æ§ã§å®å®ãªææã®æ§é ã«
å€æããŠæ¬çºæã®ã«ãœãŒããšããããšãã掻æ§å
ããããšç§°ããïŒã âã¹ããã«åâåã¯âãªããœã¹ããã«åâæ§é
ãšã¯ãMgAl2O4ïŒã¹ããã«ïŒãšé¡äŒŒåã¯å圢ã®æ§
é ãæå³ãããã¹ããã«ã®æ§é ã«ãããŠã¯é žçŽ é°
ã€ãªã³ãç«æ¹æå¯æ§é ïŒCubic close packed
structureïŒã®æ§åŒã§é åãããŠãè² ã«è·é»ãã
ãåé¢äœåã¯å «é¢äœã®éªšçµæ§é ã圢æããŠããã
éœã€ãªã³ã¯åé¢äœã®äœçœ®ã«ããéœã€ãªã³ã¯å «
é¢äœã®äœçœ®ãå ããããã®å Žåã®å å¡«é åã¯
âæ£âã¹ããã«æ§é ãšããŠç¥ãããããããéœã€
ãªã³ã®é åã¯ãéœã€ãªã³ã®ååãåé¢äœã®äœçœ®
ãå ããéœã€ãªã³ãæ®ãã®ïŒ¢éœã€ãªã³ãšå «é¢äœ
ã®äœçœ®ãåãããâéâã¹ããã«æ§é ãšããŠç¥ã
ãããã®ãäžãããããªãã®ã§ãã€ãŠããããé
ã¹ããã«æ§é ã¯åŒïŒ¢ïŒABïŒO4ã§æãè¯ãè¡šçŸã
ããããããã¯æ£ã¹ããã«AB2O4æ§é ãšåºå¥ã
ãããæ¬æ现æžäžã§ã®âã¹ããã«åâåã¯âãªã
ãœã¹ããã«åâæ§é ã¯æ£ã¹ããã«åæ§é åã³éã¹
ããã«åæ§é ã®åæ¹ãå å«ããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ããã°ãé žåç©AB2O4ã¯çŽæ¥
å æŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«ã«ãããããåºçºææãšããŠå©çš
ããŠãããããä»ã®éå±é žåç©ãå æŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«
ã«ãããŠã«ãœãŒãã®åèšäžæ¬¡å 骚çµæ§é ãåŸãé
ã«åŸãããäžéçæç©ã§ãã€ãŠãããããã®åŸè
ã®å Žåãåºçºææã¯ãAB2O4ã¹ããã«åã¯ãªã
ãœã¹ããã«åæ§é ãæããªãããã©ããäŸãã°å¶
埡ãããéå ãé žååã¯äžåååå¿ã«ãã€ãŠäžè¿°
ã«ãããŠèŠå®ãããããªææã®AB2O4æ§é ãã
ã€äžéçæç©ã«ååŠçã«åã¯é»æ°ååŠçã«å€æã
ãããéå±é žåç©ã§ããã ããªãã¡ãäŸãã°ã¹ããã«åæ§é ãïŒã€ã®ïŒäŸ¡
ã®ééœã€ãªã³ãšïŒã€ã®ïŒäŸ¡ã®ééœã€ãªã³ãæãã
Fe3O4ã§ããå Žåã«ã¯ã該ã¹ããã«åæ§é ã¯ãé»
æ°ååŠçéå åã¯Naã®åŠãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±èžæ°ãš
ã®çŽæ¥ã®åå¿ã«ãã€ãŠÎ±âFe2O3ïŒã³ã©ã³ãã å
æ§é ãæããïŒããåŸãããšãåºæ¥ããããã¯å¶
埡ãããéå ã«ãã€ãŠÎ³âFe2O3ïŒã¹ããã«åæ§
é ããã€ïŒããããããã¯äžåååå¿ã«ãã€ãŠ
FeOïŒå²©å¡©æ§é ããã€ïŒããåŸãããšãã§ããã
ãã®å ŽåãαâFe2O3ïŒÎ³âFe2O3åã¯FeOã¯ã
äžéçæç©ãšããŠã®Fe3O4ãçµç±ããŠæŽ»æ§åãã
ããã«ãœãŒãã®äžæ¬¡å 骚çµæ§é ãåŸãããã®åºçº
ææãšãªããææã®AB2O4äžéçæç©ãäžãã
é¡äŒŒåã¯å圢ã®åºçºææãåæ§ã«åæ±ã€ãŠã¹ãã
ã«æ§é ãšããããšãã§ãããã®ãããªãã®ãšããŠ
äŸãã°Î±âFe2O3ã®ã³ã©ã³ãã æ§é ãšå圢ã®ã€ã«
ã¡ãã€ãæ§é ããã€FeTiO3åã¯CoTiO3ãããã
AB2O4äžéçæç©ãäžããã«é©ãããã®ä»ã®åº
çºææã«ã¯ãMn2O3ã®åŠããã¯ã¹ãïŒbixbyiteïŒ
æ§é åã¯Fe2TiO5ã®åŠãåœãããã«ã€ã
ïŒpseudoâbrookiteïŒæ§é ããã€ææããããã
ããã¯ææã®ã¹ããã«åæ§é ã«æŽ»æ§åããåŸããª
ãã°ããŒããã¹ã«ã€ãïŒperovskiteïŒæ§é ããã€
ææãé©åœã§ããã åºçºææããé žçŽ ååã®éªšçµæ§é ããã®é¢è±ã
䌎ã€ãŠã³ã©ã³ãã åæ§é ã®å æ¹æå¯é åããã¹ã
ãã«åæ§é ã®åé¢äœæå¯é åã«å€æãããαâ
Fe2O3ã®ã³ã©ã³ãã åæ§é ã§ããå Žåã«ç¹ã«è¯å¥œ
ãªçµæãåŸããããåèšé žçŽ ååã¯ããã®çç±ã¯
è¯ãå€ããªããã«ãœãŒãæ§é äžã«æ®çããŠæŸé»å®¹
éãæ¹åãããšèããããã 掻æ§åã¯ãé»æ°ååŠé»æ± å ã§è©²é žåç©ã«è€æ°ã®
å é»ïŒæŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«ããããããšã«ãã€ãŠé»æ°å
åŠçã«è¡ãããã該é»æ± ã«ãããŠã¯åèšé žåç©ã
ã«ãœãŒãã圢æããé©åœãªé»è§£è³ªåã³é©åœãªã¢ã
ãŒããšçµåãããã掻æ§åã«ãã€ãŠäžæ¬¡å 骚çµæ§
é ãããã¯éªšæ Œæ§é æ§ã®æ Œåããã€ã«ãœãŒããåŸ
ããããšèããããããã®æŽ»æ§åã¯ãåèšæ§é ã
å®å®åããé»æ± å ã§ã®å¯éçå é»ïŒæŸé»åå¿ã«å«
ãŸããå€å以å€ã®ç©ççåã¯ååŠçå€åãçããª
ããªããŸã§ç¶ããã åèšAB2O4ã¹ããã«æ§é ã掻æ§åã®éäžããš
ã®ãŸãŸã§ãããã©ããã¯ç¢ºãã§ãªãããŸãããšã®
ãŸãŸæ®ã€ãŠãããšããã°ã©ã®çšåºŠãŸã§ããšã®ãŸãŸ
ã§æ®ã€ãŠãããã確ãã§ã¯ãªããã«ãœãŒãæ§é ã®
圢æ ã¯ã掻æ§ååŸã«ã¯AB2O4é žåç©ã§ããåºçº
ææãšç©ççã«åã¯ååŠçã«é¡äŒŒã§ããå¿ èŠã¯ãª
ãããå¯éçäºæ¬¡é»æ± å ã§ã«ãœãŒããšããŠäœ¿çšã
ãå Žåã«èŠ³å¯ãããç¹æ§ããã該ã«ãœãŒãã¯é žçŽ
é°ã€ãªã³ããæ§æããäžã€ééªšæ Œçæ§è³ªïŒopen
skeletal natureïŒããã€ãã®ãšèãããããã«
ãœãŒãã®äžæ¬¡å éªšæ Œçãªåœ¢æ ã¯ãã«ãœãŒãè¡šé¢ã®
çªãåçã解ããŠã¢ããŒãåã³ïŒåã¯é»è§£è³ªãã
é»æ°ååŠçã«æŽ»æ§ãªç©è³ªãåãå ¥ããããšãå¯èœ
ãªå éšãã€ããã€ãéè·¯çããã€ãŠãããšèãã
ãããããããã¹ããã«å骚çµæ§é ã掻æ§åãã
ãã«ãœãŒãå ã§å®è³ªçã«ããšã®ãŸãŸã§æ®åããŠã
ãå¯èœæ§ãããã 掻æ§åã¯ãåºçºææã§ããé žåç©ãçšãããã
é»è§£è³ªåã³ã¢ããŒãã®æ§è³ªã«ãã€ãŠãå·Šå³ãã
ãããããã€ãŠãé»è§£è³ªåã³ã¢ããŒãã¯ææã®å®
å®ãªäžæ¬¡å ã«ãœãŒãæ§é ãåŸãããããã«éžæã
ãªããã°ãªããªãããã®ç¹ã«é¢ããŠã«ãœãŒãæ§é
ã¯ã掻æ§åãããå Žåãåºçºææã®é žåç©åã³ïŒ
åã¯é»è§£è³ªåã³ïŒãããã¯ã¢ããŒãã«ç±æ¥ããå
åŠçš®ãå«ã¿åŸããšèããããããã®ããã«æ¬çºæ
ã¯ãäºæ¬¡ååŠé»æ± å ã§å¯éçãªå é»ïŒæŸé»åå¿ã
è¡ãããšãã§ããå®å®ãªã«ãœãŒãæ§é ãäžãåŸ
ããåºçºææãšããŠã®é žåç©ãé»è§£è³ªããã³ã¢ã
ãŒãã®çµã¿åããã«éå®ãããã æ£ã¹ããã«æ§é ããã€åäœã»ã«ïŒunit cellïŒå
ã«ã¯ïŒã€ã®AB2O4åäœãååšãããååäœã»ã«
ã¯ïŒ¡éå±éœã€ãªã³ã«ãã€ãŠïŒåã®äœçœ®ãå ããã
ãŠãã64åã®åé¢äœåã³ïŒ¢éå±éœã€ãªã³ã«ãã€ãŠ
16åã®äœçœ®ãå ããããŠãã32åã®å «é¢äœãå«ã
ã§ããããã®ããã«åäœã»ã«å ã«ã¯ãå€æ°ã®ç©ºã®
å «é¢äœïŒ56åã®åé¢äœåã³16åã®å «é¢äœïŒã®äœçœ®
ãååšããããããã®äœçœ®ã¯æŽ»æ§åã®å é»ïŒæŸé»
ãµã€ã¯ã«ã§æŸé»ããŠããéãªããŠã éœã€ãªã³ã®åŠ
ãé»è§£è³ªéœã€ãªã³ã«ãã€ãŠå°ãªããšãéšåçã«æº
ãããŠæ¿å ¥åååç©ã圢æãããã®åŸãã®é»è§£è³ª
éœã€ãªã³ã¯å é»ã®éã«ãããã®äœçœ®ãé¢ãããšè
ããããã 掻æ§åããéã®æŸé»åå¿ãå®å šã«è¡ãªãããã«
ãœãŒãã®éå±ã€ãªã³ãçŽç²ãªéå±ã«éå ãããã
ããªãã®ã§ãããšãã«ãœãŒãã®éªšæ Œæ§é ã®åŽ©å£ã
äºæž¬ãããã®ã§ãæŸé»ãçè«å®¹éã®80ïŒ ãŸã§ã«å¶
éããŠããã®ãããªåŽ©å£ãé¿ããªããã°ãªããª
ãããããããã®ãããªæŽ»æ§åã®éåã³æŽ»æ§åã®
å®äºã®ééã«ãã«ãœãŒãã®åºçºææã§ããFe3O4
åã³Fe2O3ã«ã€ããŠã¯500mAâhrïŒïœãè¶ ããæŸ
é»å®¹éã芳å¯ãããïŒçè«å®¹éåã¯ã«ãœãŒãèœå
ã®50ïŒ ä»¥äžïŒããã®ããšã¯ãå é»ïŒæŸé»ã®æ©æ§ã
ã€ãªã³ã®æ§é äžãžã®æ¿å ¥ã®ã¿ã«ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªã
ããšãåã³ã«ãœãŒãã®ã¹ããã«æ§é ãæŸé»äžã«ä¹±
ããããåã¯åé åãããŠãæçµçã«æŸé»ããŠæŽ»
æ§åãããã«ãœãŒãå ã«äœçãã®æ°ãããããå®
å®ãªéªšæ Œæ§é ãããããããããšã瀺ããŠããã
掻æ§åãããã«ãœãŒãã®å é»äžã«ã¹ããã«åæ§é
ãã©ã®çšåºŠãŸã§åçããããããŸãæ°ããæ§é ã
ããšã®ãŸãŸã§æ®ã€ãŠãããã©ããã¯å€ããªããã
ã©ããç·åæã«ããã°æŸé»ç¶æ ã®æŽ»æ§åããã
ã«ãœãŒãå ã§ã¯ã¹ããã«åæ§é ãå°ãªããšãéšå
çã«ç Žå£ãããŠãããFe3O4ãã圢æãã80ïŒ æŸ
é»ããã«ãœãŒããFe3O4ã®ååšãå ãã«ç€ºãããš
ãæãããšãªã€ããããããªãããéšåçã«æŸé»
ããFe2O3ã«ãœãŒãã¯æããã«Fe3O4ã®ç·ã瀺ã
ãŠããã ãããããªããœã¹ããã«åæ§é ãå é»ã®éã«éš
åçã«åã¯å®å šã«åçããåŸããšããå¯èœæ§ã¯äŸ
ç¶ãšããŠæé€ããããšã¯ã§ããªãã åæ§ã«ãã³ã©ã³ãã åæ§é ãæããαâFe2O3
ãåºçºææãšããŠçšããããå Žåã¯ããã®ã³ã©ã³
ãã åæ§é ãå é»äžã«ã©ã®çšåºŠãŸã§åçãããã
ã¯å€ããªãããã©ããã³ã©ã³ãã åæ§é ãã¹ãã
ã«åæ§é ãçµç±ããŠåçããåŸããšããå¯èœæ§ã¯
æé€ããããšã¯ã§ããªãã å³ã¡ã掻æ§åãããã«ãœãŒãã®å é»ã¯é»è§£è³ªéœ
ã€ãªã³ã®é€å»åã³ïŒåã¯é»è§£è³ªé°ã€ãªã³ãéªšæ Œæ§
é ã«åã蟌ãããšãå å«ãåŸãäŸãã°é»è§£è³ªãã¢
ã«ã«ãªéå±ããã²ã³åç©ã§ããå Žåã«ã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãª
éå±ïŒé·ç§»éå±ã®ãªãã·ãã©ã€ãæ§é ãçæã
ãã 掻æ§åã«é©åãªé»è§£è³ªã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã€ãªã³å
ã³ïŒåã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã€ãªã³åã³ããã²ã³ã€
ãªã³ãããªãé»è§£è³ªã§ãã€ãŠã掻æ§åäžæ¶²äœã®åœ¢
æ ã«ãããã®ã§ããã 掻æ§åã«çšããããé»è§£è³ªã¯ïŒçš®ãããã¯ãã
以äžã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããã²ã³åç©ãããã¯ïŒçš®å
ã¯ãã以äžã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ããã²ã³åç©ãã
ãªããããããã¯ïŒçš®åã¯ãã以äžã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªå
é¡éå±ããã²ã³åç©ãšæ··åãããïŒçš®ãããã¯ã
ã以äžã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããã²ã³åç©ãããªãããŸ
ããé»è§£è³ªã¯ïŒçš®åã¯ãã以äžã®ã¢ã«ãããŠã ã
ãã²ã³åç©ãå«ãã§ãããããŸã溶èå¡©ã®åœ¢æ ã§
ããããææ©æº¶åªäžã«æº¶è§£ãããŠããŠãããã é»è§£è³ªã¯äŸãã°LiClã®ãããªåç¬ã®ãåã¯ä»ã®
ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããã²ã³åç©ïŒã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã
ãã²ã³åç©åã³ïŒåã¯ã¢ã«ãããŠã ããã²ã³åç©
ãšã®ã®æ··åç©ã®åœ¢ã®ãªããŠã ããã²ã³åç©ãããª
ãã®ã奜ãŸãããé»è§£è³ªã¯ã150â以äžã®èç¹ã
äŸãã°400âãŸã§åã¯ãã以äžã®èç¹ããã€é«è
ç¹é»è§£è³ªã奜ãŸããããŸãé»è§£è³ªã¯ãããã¬ã³ã«
ãŒãããŒãã«æº¶è§£ããLiClO4ã®åŠã宀枩é»è§£è³ª
ã§ãã€ãŠãããã åæ§ã«ã掻æ§åã«çšããããã¢ããŒãã¯ïŒçš®ã
ããã¯ãã以äžã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ãããã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãª
åé¡éå±ã®åç¬ãããã¯æ··åç©ãããã¯åéå
ã³ïŒåã¯ã¢ã«ãããŠã ã®åŠãä»ã®éå±ãšã®æ··åç©
ãããã¯åéããæ§æããããã¢ããŒãææã¯ã
掻æ§åã®ç®çã«ãããŠé žåç©åºçºææåã³é»è§£è³ª
ã«é»æ°ååŠçã«é©åãã掻æ§å枩床ã§åãæ±ãæ
ããã®ãéžæãããã 奜ãŸããã¯ãäžæ¬¡å 骚çµæ§é ã圢æããã®ã«çš
ããããAB2O4é žåç©ã¯ç¬¬ïŒåã®é·ç§»éå±ã®é ž
åç©ã§ãããå³ã¡é žåç©ã¯ãéãã³ãã«ãåã¯ã
ã³ã¬ã³ã®é žåç©ãäŸãã°Fe3O4ïŒCo3O4åã¯
Mn3O4ãšãåŸããAB2O4é žåç©ãFe3O4ã§ããå Ž
åã«ã¯ãαâFe2O3åã¯Î³âFe2O3åã¯äžè¿°ã®åŠ
ãFeOããåºçºããŠãäžéçæç©ãšããŠFe3O4ã
åŸãããšãã§ããããåæ§ã«åºçºææããã¯ã¹ã
æ§é ã®Mn2O3ãšããŠã¹ããã«åäžéäœãšããŠã®
Mn3O4ãåŸãããšãã§ããã åºçºææã®é žåç©ã¯ãé·ç§»éå±ã®æ°çš®ã®é žåç©
ããæ§æããããã®ã§ãã€ãŠããã®é žåç©ã®å°ãª
ããšãïŒçš®ãã¹ããã«åæ§é ãæãããåã¯æŽ»æ§
åäžã«ã¹ããã«åæ§é ãçµç±ãããã®ã§ãã€ãŠã
ããããŸãåºçºææã®é žåç©ã¯ãå®çŸ©ããäžè¬åŒ
AB2O4ã«åºã¥ãè€æ°ã®é·ç§»éå±ã®é žåç©ã§æ§æ
ãããŠããŠãããã 掻æ§åã®éã«ã¹ããã«åäžéç©ã®æ§é ãçµç±ã
ãŠæçµçã«æŽ»æ§åãããå®å®ãªäžæ¬¡å éªšæ Œæ§é ã
åŸããããã®ä»ã®é·ç§»éå±é žåç©ãšããŠã¯
FeTiO3ïŒã³ã©ã³ãã åæ§é ïŒåã³Fe2TiO5ïŒåœã
ã«ãã«ã€ãåæ§é ïŒãããã ãŸãã«ãœãŒãã®éªšæ Œæ§é ã¯ãäŸãã°CoFe2O4ã®
åŠãïŒçš®ä»¥äžã®é·ç§»éå±ã®æ··åç©ãããã¯åéã®
é žåç©ïŒåºæº¶äœïŒåã¯ïŒçš®ä»¥äžã®é·ç§»éå±ãšïŒçš®
以äžã®ä»ã®éå±ã®æ··åç©ãããã¯åéã®é žåç©ã
ããªãé žåç©ããæ§æãããŠããŠãããããã®ä»
ã®éå±ã®é žåç©ã¯äžèšæ··åç©åã¯åºæº¶äœã®å ããª
éšåãæ§æããæ··åç©åã¯åºæº¶äœã®çŽ50ééïŒ ä»¥
äžã奜ãŸããã¯20ééïŒ ä»¥äžãå ããã åæ§ã«ã掻æ§åãããŠã«ãœãŒãã圢æãã
AB2O4é·ç§»éå±é žåç©ã¯é·ç§»éå±ã®çåç©ãã±
ã€åç©ãçåç©ãããŠåç©åã³ïŒåã¯çªåç©ãšã®
æ··åç©ã§ãã€ãŠããããé žåç©ã¯æ··åç©ã®å€§éšå
ãå ãããã®ãšãåŸãæ··åç©ã®50ééïŒ ä»¥äžã奜
ãŸããã¯80ééïŒ ä»¥äžãæ§æããã æŽã«ãAB2O4ã®ã¹ããã«åé žåç©ãæ··åç©ã®
äžéšããªããã®ã§ãã€ãŠãäžè¬åŒAB2X4ïŒããã§
åã³ïŒ¢ã¯åèšã®ãã®ãšå矩ã§ãããã¯ç¡«é»ã
ã»ã¬ã³åã¯ãã«ã«ã®åŠãã«ã«ã³ã²ã³ã§ããïŒã§è¡š
ããããããå²åã®ã«ã«ã³âã¹ããã«ãå«æãã
ãã®ã§ãã€ãŠããããå³ã¡ãAB2O4ã¹ããã«å
é žåç©ã¯äžè¬åŒAB2OoX4-oãšããããšãã§ãã
ïŒããã§ïŒ¡ïŒïŒ¢åã³ïŒžã¯åèšãšå矩ã§ãããïœã¯
ïŒãã倧ã§ïŒããå°ã§ããïŒã 掻æ§åã§åŸãããæ§é ãã«ãœãŒããšããŠäœ¿çšã
ãã«ã¯é»åäŒå°æ§ãäžå åã§ããããšããããæ¬
çºææ¹æ³ã¯ããã®ãããªå Žåã«é»æ± ã®äœå枩床ã§
æå¹ãªé©åœãªé»åäŒå°æ§ææãäŸãã°ã°ã©ãã¢ã€
ããMoS2ïŒWCïŒTiCçãã«ãœãŒãæ§é ã«çµå ¥
ããããšãå å«ãåŸããã®ã§ãããTiCïŒäžè¬ã«
é·ç§»éå±ã®çåç©ãé£åç©ãçªåç©ãç¡Œåç©å
ã³ïŒåã¯çªåç©ã¯ããã§ããïŒãã«ã¬ã³ãã³ã¬ã¯
ã¿ãŒãšããŠå åã«äœåããããšã¯è¯ãç¥ãããã
ãšã§ãããå®éã«ãåäžã®é»æ± ã§ã°ã©ãã¢ã€ãã«
ã¬ã³ãã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒãšæ¯èŒããå ŽåãTiCã¯ã«ãœãŒ
ãçšã®Î±âFe2O3åºçºææãæããé»æ± ã®æŸé»é»
å§æ²ç·ã®å¹³åŠéšã®æ°ŽæºãäžæããããåŸã€ãŠãã«
ãœãŒããFe2O3ïŒFe3O4ïŒCo3O4ïŒMn3O4ïŒ
FeTiO3çã®åŠãé žåç©ããèªå°ããã骚çµæ§é
ããæãå Žåã«ã¯ããããã®æ§é ã¯ç²æ«ã°ã©ãã¢
ã€ããšæ··åãããç²ååã¯ç²æ«ã®åœ¢æ ãšããããš
ãã§ããããã®å Žåã骚çµæ§é ã¯åã ã®é žåç©ç²
åã®å éšã«èŠåºãããããšã«ãªãã ãã®ç¹ã«é¢ãããã°ãã¿ã€ãïŒFe3O4ïŒã®åŠã
ããçš®ã®ã¹ããã«åAB2O4ã®é žåç©ã¯æ¬æ¥é»å
äŒå°æ§ã§ããã®ã§ãä»å çãªé»åäŒå°æ§ã¯æå°é
ã§ãããããããå®å šã«æŽ»æ§åãããåŸã«ãã®ã
ããªæ¬æ¥ã®äŒå°æ§ãã©ã®çšåºŠãŸã§æ®ã€ãŠãããã¯
äžæã§ãããæ¿å ¥ãããã€ãªã³ãæŸé»äžã«æ§é å
ã«çµã¿å ¥ãããããšãæ¬æ¥é»åäŒå°æ§ã§ãªãã¹ã
ãã«åæ§é ã®é žåç©ãé»åäŒå°æ§ã«ãªãåŸãããš
ãèããããã ã«ãœãŒãç²åäžã«ãäŸãã°ç²åãã³ãã€ãç¶ã®
ã°ã©ãã¢ã€ãæžæ¿æ¶²ã§åŠçããŠä¹Ÿç¥ãããããã
ãã¯æ°çžè¢«èŠã«ãããå€å質ã®ã°ã©ãã¢ã€ã被èŠ
ã圢æããããšãå¯èœã§ããã ã°ã©ãã¢ã€ããé»è§£è³ªã®éå£ãšããŠäœçšãã«ãœ
ãŒãç²åã«å¯Ÿããé»è§£è³ªã®æ¥è¿ãå¶éããããšã
ããåŸãã®ã§ãã°ã©ãã¢ã€ãå±€ã¯å€å質ã§ãã€
ãŠããã®å²åã¯äœ¿çšäžã®æå¹ãªé»åäŒå°æ§ãæºè¶³
ããç¯å²ã§ã§ããã ãäœãããšã奜ãŸããã å®éã«ã¯ãé»åäŒå°ææã®å²åã¯äœ¿çšäžã«é»æ±
å ã«ãããé»è§£è³ªã®æ¥è¿ãšé»åäŒå°åºŠãšã®éã«æ
æã®ãã©ã³ã¹ãåŸãããããã«éžæãããã¹ãã§
ãããããäžã€ã®èŠå ã¯é»åäŒå°æ§ææã®å šè³ªé
ãæ倧ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒå¯Ÿééæ¯ãäžããããã«ã§ã
ãã ãäœããããã¹ãã§ããããšã§ããã çŽïŒã16ïŒ ã®éã®ã°ã©ãã¢ã€ããå åãªé»åäŒ
å°åºŠãäžãããšèããããããã©ããç²æ«ã°ã©ã
ã¢ã€ããçšããå Žåãããã«å€§ããªå²åã§å«ãŸã
ãããšãã§ããæ¬çºæã§ã¯ïŒã60ééïŒ ã®ã°ã©ã
ã¢ã€ãç²æ«ã®äœ¿çšãèããããã ãããåºããããã«ãœãŒãã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã«ãœãŒ
ããã°ã©ãã¢ã€ãç²æ«ãšé žåç©ããèªå°ãããç²
åãšã®æ··åç©ããæ§æãããå Žåã«ã¯ãã°ã©ãã¢
ã€ãç²åã®å€§ãããå°ãããããšã«ãœãŒããéé
ããé»è§£è³ªã®ç§»åã䜿çšäžã«é 延ãããããã©ã
é»åäŒå°åºŠã¯æ¹åããããŸãã°ã©ãã¢ã€ãç²åã®
倧ããã倧ãéãããšãã®éã«ãªããåŸã€ãŠãå®
éã®å Žåã«ã¯ãã®ç¹ã«é¢ããŠé©åœãªãã©ã³ã¹ããš
ãããªããã°ãªããªãã æ¬çºæã®ã«ãœãŒãã補é ããæ¹æ³ã¯ãçµåå€ã§
ã«ãœãŒããé©åœã«åºãããæ¯æããããšãããã
ã¯æ¯æäœåã¯ãããªãã¯ã¹äžã«ã«ãœãŒããä¿æã
ãããšããããã¯å€åæ§ã«ãœãŒããã«ããŒã«å ¥ã
ããåã¯ãã®äžã«èŒããããšçã«ãã€ãŠãèªå·±æ¯
æäœãããã¯ãããªãã¯ã¹ã«åœ¢æããããšãå å«
ãåŸãã äŸãã°ãã«ãœãŒããé©åœãªå€åæ§ã®èè é£æ§ã«
ãœãŒããã«ããŒå ã«å容ããããšãã§ããããã®
ã«ãœãŒããã«ããŒã¯å€åæ§ã®ã°ã©ãã¢ã€ãã«ãã
åã¯å®¹åšã®åœ¢ç¶ãšããããšãã§ããã ã«ãœãŒããå§çž®ãããšãç²åéã®æ¥è§Šãæ¹åã
ãé»åäŒå°åºŠãé«ãŸããããããªããã«ãœãŒãã
å§çž®ãããšãã«ãœãŒãã®å€å床ãæžå°ãåŸã€ãŠäœ¿
çšäžã®é»è§£è³ªã®ã«ãœãŒããžã®æ¡æ£ã«åœ±é¿ãã§ãã åŸã€ãŠå§çž®ã¯ãã«ãœãŒããžæ¥è¿ããé»è§£è³ªã䜿
çšäžååã§ãã€ãŠã«ãœãŒããå®è³ªçã«äžæ¬¡å çã«
ãœãŒãããŠäœçšããŠååãªé»æµå¯åºŠãåŸãããªã
ãã°ãªããªããšããèŠæ±ã«å¯Ÿãããè¯å¥œãªé»åäŒ
å°åºŠãšæ©æ¢°çåæ§ãšã®ãã©ã³ã¹ãèæ ®ããŠå®æœã
åŸãã ãããã¯ãã«ãœãŒããå§çž®ããããšã«ããå®è³ª
çã«èªå·±æ¯ææ§ã§ããããã«ååã«åæ§ãæãã
ã«ãœãŒããã€ã¹ã¯åã¯ãã¬ãããšããããšãã§ã
ãããããã¯ã«ãœãŒããã«ããŒãçšããããšãªã
䜿çšããããšãã§ãããããã¬ããåã¯ãã€ã¹ã¯
ã䜿çšäžã«ç Žç ããå Žåã«ãœãŒããã«ããŒããã¬
ããåã¯ãã€ã¹ã¯ãã»ãšãã©ãã®ãŸãŸä¿æããã
ãã«ããã®ãããªãã«ããŒã䜿çšããããšã奜ãŸ
ããã ã«ãœãŒããé©åœã«å§çž®ãããšãã«ãœãŒãã®å®¹é
察質éæ¯ãæ¹åããããšããå©ç¹ãåŸãããããŸ
ãé»åäŒå°åºŠãé«ããããã®ã§é»åäŒå°æ§ææã®
çžå¯Ÿç質éãæžå°ãããããšãã§ããåŸã€ãŠçžå¯Ÿ
çã«è³ªéã®å°ããã«ãœãŒãã®äœ¿çšãå¯èœãšãªãã
ããã«ãã«ãœãŒãã®èªå·±æ¯ææ§ããã匷ããªãã®
ã§ãããåãæ±ãæããªãã é žåç©ã®æŽ»æ§åã¯ãã«ãœãŒã圢æã®æåã®æ®µé
ã§è¡ãªã€ãŠãããããã¹ãŠã®ä»ã®ã«ãœãŒã圢æã®
段éãå®æœããåŸã®æçµæ®µéã§è¡ãªã€ãŠãããã æ¬çºææ¹æ³ã«ãããŠã¯ãã«ãœãŒããé»æ°ååŠé»
æ± å ã®ã«ãœãŒããšããŠè€æ°ã®å é»ïŒæŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«
ã«ãããŠé»æ°ååŠçã«æŽ»æ§åããå Žåãé©åœãªã¢
ããŒããšãé·ç§»éå±ã®åºçºé žåç©ã®æŽ»æ§åã«èŠã
ãéŸå€é»å§ãããé«ãé»è§£è³ªèªäœã®é»è§£éŸå€é»å§
ãæããé»è§£è³ªãšã䜿çšããã äžæŠãåºçºé žåç©ãååãªå é»ïŒæŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«
ã«ãããã°ãé žåç©ã¯ååã«æŽ»æ§åããé»æ± å ã®
ã«ãœãŒããšããŠäœ¿çšã§ããã æ¬åºé¡äººã®å®æœããå®éšãããé žåç©ãïŒã20
åã®å é»ïŒæŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«ã«ããããšååã«æŽ»æ§å
ãããããšãç¥èŠãããã 掻æ§åã®ããã®éŸå€é»å§ã¯ãé žåç©ã®ç¹å®ã®é
å±ã«äŸåããããããã掻æ§åã®éŸå€é»å§ã¯æŽ»æ§
åéçšã§äœ¿çšããç¹å®ã®ããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ãšã¢ã«ã«
ãªéå±ã€ãªã³ã«ãäŸåããã ç±å®å®æ§ãèæ ®ããŠãç¹å®ã®åºçºé žåç©ã®æŽ»æ§
åã«äœ¿çšããé»è§£è³ªåã³ïŒåã¯ã¢ããŒããéžæã
ãã æ¬çºæã¯äºæ¬¡é»æ°ååŠé»æ± çšã«ãœãŒãã«ãå
ã¶ããã®ã«ãœãŒãã¯ãåèšæ¹æ³ã«ããå°ãªããšã
äžã€ã®é·ç§»éå±ã®é žåç©ã掻æ§åããŠåŸãããäž
次å 骚çµæ§é ããæãã ããã«æ¬çºæã¯ãåèšã®ãããªé·ç§»éå±ã®é žå
ç©ã®æŽ»æ§åã«ããåŸãããæŸé»ããŠå®å®ãªäžæ¬¡å
骚çµæ§é ãšãªãã«ãœãŒããšãé©åœãªé»è§£è³ªãšã¢ã
ãŒããšããæãäºæ¬¡é»æ°ååŠé»æ± ã«åã¶ã ã«ãœãŒãã¯ãå é»æã«å°ãªããšãéšåçã«ããš
ã®é žåç©æ§é ãåçããããããªãã®ã§ãã€ãŠã
ããã é»æ± ã¯ããã®äžã§ã«ãœãŒããåºçºã®é žåç©ãã
掻æ§åã«ãã圢æãããé»æ± ãšåããã®ã§ãã€ãŠ
ããããå³ã¡åºçºé žåç©ãã掻æ§åããåŸã®ã«ãœ
ãŒãã䜿çšããé»æ± å ãã®å Žã§æŽ»æ§åããã«ãœãŒ
ãã®å®å®ãªäžæ¬¡å 骚çµæ§é ã圢æããããšãã§ã
ãããããã¯ãã«ãœãŒããäžã€ã®é»æ± å ã§æŽ»æ§å
ããå¥ã®é»æ± å ã§äœ¿çšããŠããããå³ã¡æŽ»æ§ååŸ
ã«ã«ãœãŒãããç°ãªãã¢ããŒãåã³ïŒåã¯é»è§£
質ãäŸãã°æŽ»æ§åã«äœ¿çšãããé»è§£è³ªããäœãè
ç¹ãæããé»è§£è³ªãæããå¥ã®é»æ± å ã§äœ¿çšãã
ããšãã§ããã é»æ± å ã®ã¢ããŒãã¯ãã«ãœãŒãåã³é»è§£è³ªãšé©
åãããã®ã§ããã°ä»»æã®ã¢ããŒãããããšãã§
ããã ã¢ããŒãã¯ã掻æ§åã®ããã«äœ¿çšãããã¢ããŒ
ããããã¯æŽ»æ§ååŸã®ã«ãœãŒãã䜿çšããå¥ã®é»
æ± ã®ã¢ããŒãã®ãããããã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ãã¢ã«ã«
ãªéå±ã®é åç©ãã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ãã¢ã«ã«ãªå
é¡éå±ã®é åç©ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±åã³ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡
éå±ã®é åç©åã¯åéããããã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±å
ã³ïŒåã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ãšä»ã®éå±ãå«ãåé
åã¯é åç©ãããªããã®åã¯å«ããã®ãšãåŸãã ã¢ããŒããã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã®åœ¢æ ã®å Žåãã¢ã«ã«
ãªéå±ã¯ãªããŠã åã¯ãããªãŠã ã奜ãŸããã ã¢ããŒããã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ãããªãå Žåãã¢
ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã¯ãã°ãã·ãŠã ã奜ãŸããã ã¢ããŒããã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±åã³ïŒåã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªå
é¡éå±ãå«ãåéåã¯çµæç©ãããªãå Žåãåèš
ã®äžçš®ãŸãã¯ãã以äžã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±åã³ïŒåã¯
ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ãå«ãåéåã¯çµæç©ã§ãã€
ãŠãåéåã¯çµæç©ã®æ®ãã®æåãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±
åã³ïŒåã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ãšé©åœãªåéåã¯çµ
æç©ã圢æã§ããçžæº¶æ§ã®ä»»æã®éå±ãããã¯é¡
䌌ã®ç©è³ªã§ãããã®ãšããããšãã§ããã åŸã€ãŠãäŸãã°æ®ãã®æåã¯ã±ã€çŽ ãã¢ã«ãã
ãŠã ãããŠçŽ çãšããããšãã§ããã ã¢ããŒãã®è³ªéãéèŠãªå åãšãªãå Žåãå€ã
ãããã®ãããªå Žåã«ã¯æ®ãã®æåã¯ã¢ã«ãããŠ
ã åã¯ã±ã€çŽ ã®åŠã軜ãéå±åã¯ç©è³ªãšããããš
ã奜ãŸããã ãŸãã¢ããŒããçŽç²ãªã¢ã«ãããŠã ãšããããš
ãã§ããã é»æ± ã®å é»ïŒæŸé»åå¿ã¯å¥ãšããŠãã«ãœãŒãã®
骚çµæ§é ã¯æŽ»æ§ååŸã®ç©ççåã³ïŒåã¯ååŠçå€
åã«å¯ŸããŠäžæŽ»æ§ã§ããã®ã§ãã«ãœãŒããæçµç
ã«äœ¿çšããé»æ± ã®é»è§£è³ªã¯ãé»æ± äœå枩床ã§æº¶è
ãããã¯æ¶²äœç¶æ ã®é»è§£è³ªãšããããšãã§ããã ããããææã®å Žåã¯é»è§£è³ªã¯åºäœã®é»è§£è³ª
ãšã該åºäœé»è§£è³ªãšã«ãœãŒããšã®éã®æº¶èãŸãã¯
液äœé»è§£è³ªãçµåãããã®ã§ãã€ãŠãããã ãã®åºäœé»è§£è³ªã¯ãäŸãã°Î²âã¢ã«ããããã·
ã³ã³ïŒNa3Zr2PSi2O12ïŒããã®é¡äŒŒç©çã®ãããª
é©åœãªåŸæ¥ã®åºäœé»è§£è³ªã®ãããã®ãã®ã§ãã
ãã 液äœé»è§£è³ªã¯ãäŸãã°å¡©åãªããŠã ãå¡©åã«ã«
ã·ãŠã ãããåã«ã«ã·ãŠã ãå¡©åãã°ãã·ãŠã ã
èåãªããŠã çã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããã²ã³åç©åã¯
ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã®ããã²ã³åç©ãå«ã¿åŸãã ãŸãé»è§£è³ªã¯äºæåç³»åã¯äžæåç³»çã®ã¢ã«ã«
ãªéå±ããã²ã³åå¡©åã³ïŒåã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±
ããã²ã³åå¡©ã®æ··åç©ãããªããã®ã§ãããã åŸã€ãŠãé»è§£è³ªã¯äŸãã°ãšãŠåãªããŠã âãšãŠ
åã«ãªãŠã ãå¡©åãªããŠã âå¡©åã«ãªãŠã ãå¡©å
ãªããŠã âå¡©åãã°ãã·ãŠã ãããã¯ããåãªã
ãŠã âå¡©åãªããŠã âèåãªããŠã çãããªãã
ã®ãšãåŸãã ãŸãé»è§£è³ªã¯ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã€ãªã³å«æé»è§£è³ª
åã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã€ãªã³å«æé»è§£è³ªãããªã
ãã®ãšããããšãã§ããããã¯äŸãã°éãããã³
æ§æº¶åªã«æº¶è§£ããéå¡©çŽ é žãªããŠã ïŒLiClO4ïŒ
ã§ãããéãããã³æ§æº¶åªã¯äŸãã°ãããã¬ã³ã«
ãŒãããŒãã®ãããªé©åœãªæº¶åªãšããããšãã§ã
ãã ãŸããäŸãã°æº¶èã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããã²ã³åç©ã®
åŠãé»è§£è³ªã§ã¯ãAlCl3ã®åŠãããã²ã³åã¢ã«ã
ããŠã åã¯ä»ã®é©åœãªããŒãã³ãã§ããŒãããŠã
該é»è§£è³ªã®èç¹ãäœäžãããããšãã§ããã åŸã€ãŠãé»è§£è³ªã¯äŸãã°ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããã²ã³
åç©âããã²ã³åã¢ã«ãããŠã æ··åç©ãããã¯è€
å¡©ãåã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ããã²ã³åç©âããã²
ã³åã¢ã«ãããŠã æ··åç©ãããã¯è€å¡©åã¯ããç
ã®æ··åç©ã®åœ¢æ ãšããããšãã§ããã åŸã€ãŠãé»è§£è³ªã¯äŸãã°ãNaAlCl4ïŒLiAlCl4
çãããªããã®ãšãåŸãã é»è§£è³ªãæ··åç©åã¯æº¶èç©ã®å Žåãé»è§£è³ªã¯å ±
èæ··åç©åã¯æº¶èç©ã§ããã®ã奜é©ã§ããã é»è§£è³ªã¯ãäŸãã°è±æ°ŽãŒãªã©ã€ãçµæ¶ã«å«æµžã
ãããšã«ãããè±æ°ŽãŒãªã©ã€ããšçµåããŠãã
ãããã®å ŽåãŒãªã©ã€ãçµæ¶ã¯ã䜿çšäžã«ããã
溶èåã¯åºäœã®ç¶æ ã«ããé»è§£è³ªã®å¥œé©ãªæ äœã®
圹å²ãæãããšãã§ããã ã«ãœãŒããæçµçã«äœ¿çšããé»æ± ã¯é©åœãªåœ¢ç¶
ã®é»æ¥µã»ãã¬ãŒã¿ãå«ãã§ããŠããããäŸãã°ã
ã«ãœãŒãäžã®ååã«è±æ°Žãããé©åœãªãŒãªã©ã€ã
çµæ¶å±€ãããªãé»æ¥µã»ãã¬ãŒã¿ã§ããããã®å ·äœ
äŸã§ã¯ã該ã»ãã¬ãŒã¿ã¯äœ¿çšäžã®æãŸãããªãå
å¿çæç©ãä»ã®é»æ± ã«æ害ãªç©è³ªã®å容äœãšããŠ
ãäœçšããã ã«ãœãŒããæçµçã«äœ¿çšããæ¬çºæã®é»æ± ã¯ã
äŸãã°èè é£æ§ã®è»œéææã®ãããªé©åœãªææã§
å¯å°ããããšãã§ãããé»æ± ã¯ãäŸãã°ã¹ãã³ã¬
ã¹éŒè£œã·ãšã«å ã®äžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹é°å²æ°äžã§ã·ãŒã«ã
ãããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ã«ãœãŒãã¯ãäºæ¬¡é»æ± å³ã¡åå é»å¯èœ
ãªäºæ¬¡é»æ± ã«äœ¿çšããããšãã§ãããåæ§ã«ãæ¬
çºæã®é»æ± ïŒã»ã«ïŒã¯ãå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠããããªãŒ
ã®åœ¢æ ã«å®¹æã«åœ¢æããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ã«ãœãŒãã¯ãäžæ¬¡é»æ± ãææã®å Žåã«
ã¯ãã®ãããªäžæ¬¡é»æ± ã®ããããªãŒã«ã䜿çšãã
ããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®å ·äœäŸãã以äžã®å®éšäŸãåç §ããªã
ãèšèŒããã çŽ20ååïŒ ã®ãªããŠã ãå«ã¿è¡šé¢ç©6.9cm3ãæ
ãããªããŠã âã¢ã«ãããŠã åéã¢ããŒããæã
ãé»æ± ã補é ãããããã§ãåéäžã®ãªããŠã ã®
æ¯çãçŽïŒã50ååïŒ ã§ããã°ããªããŠã å«éã¯
éèŠã§ã¯ãªããé»æ± ã¯ééæ¯ïŒïŒïŒã§ã°ã©ãã¢ã€
ããšæ··åãããFe3O43ïœããæãé掻æ§åã«ãœ
ãŒããæããŠããããã®ã«ãœãŒãã¯å€åæ§ã°ã©ã
ã¢ã€ã容åšå ã«å容ãããŠãããé»æ± ã®é»è§£è³ªã¯
å¡©åãªããŠã âå¡©åã«ãªãŠã å ±èç©ã§ãã€ããäœ
åæ¡ä»¶ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã€ãã å é»ïŒæŸé»é»æµ ïŒ40mA äœå枩床 ïŒ420â äžéã«ãããªãé»å§ ïŒ1.7ãã«ã äžéã«ãããªãé»å§ ïŒ0.5ãã«ã ïŒäžéã«ãããªãé»å§ã¯é»æ± ãå é»ãããäžé
ãæå³ããäžéã«ãããªãé»å§ã¯é»æ± ãæŸé»ãã
ãäžéãæå³ããïŒã äžèšé»æ± ããåŸãããçµæã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãã第衚 解æŸé»å§ ïŒ1.7V ç絡é»æµ ïŒ200mAïŒcm3 æŸé»å®¹é ïŒ1.92AmpâhrsïŒç¬¬ïŒãµã€ã¯ã«ïŒ ã«ãœãŒãå©çšç ïŒ70ïŒ ïŒç¬¬ïŒãµã€ã¯ã«ïŒ ã¯ãŒãã³å¹ç ïŒ94ïŒ ïŒç¬¬ïŒãµã€ã¯ã«ïŒ ãµã€ã¯ã«æ° ïŒïŒ äœåæéã®è¿äŒŒæ° ïŒ450ä»¥äž ïŒåã®å®å šãªãµã€ã¯ã«åŸãã¢ããŒãã厩å£ãã
ããé»æ± ã¯äœ¿çšã§ããªããªã€ãã äžèšã®å®éšäŸã¯å é»ç¶æ ã§ããããã«ãœãŒãã¯
ã°ã©ãã¢ã€ãïŒFe3O4æ··åç©ã®åœ¢æ ã«ããé»æ± ã«
è² è·ãããããã®ã§ãããé»æ± ã«è² è·ããããã
ããšé»æ± ã¯æŸé»ã§ããç¶æ ã«ããããã®åŸåšæç
ã«å æŸé»ããããé»æ± ã®å é»ã¯é»è§£è³ªã®é»è§£åã¯
厩å£é»å§æªæºã®é»å§ã§å®æœãããé»æ± ã®åæã®å
é»ïŒæŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«ã®éã«ãã«ãœãŒãã®Fe3O4ã¯æŽ»
æ§åããæ¬çºæã®ã«ãœãŒãã®å®å®ãã€äžæŽ»æ§ãªäž
次å 骚çµæ§é ãšãªã€ãããã®åŸã«ãœãŒãã¯å®å®å
ããå®åžžç¶æ ã§ã®é»æ± ã®äœ¿çšæã«çµãå é»ïŒæŸé»
ãµã€ã¯ã«äžã«çããéåžžã®å€å以å€ã®å€åã¯èªã
ããããã«ãœãŒãã¯äºæ¬¡çãªæå³ã§å¯éçã«äœå
ããã æ¬çºæã®é»æ± ã§ãæŽã«äžé£ã®å®éšãå®æœããã
é»æ± ã®ã¢ããŒããšããŠãªããŠã âã¢ã«ãããŠã å
éãé»è§£è³ªãšããŠLiClïŒKClãçšããé»æ± ã420
âã§é«æž©å¯éé»æ± å³ã¡äºæ¬¡é»æ± ãšããŠäœåãã
ããçµæã第衚ã«ç€ºãã
æ¬çºæã¯äºæ¬¡é»æ± çšã«ãœãŒãã®è£œé æ¹æ³åã³ãã®
æ¹æ³ã«ãã€ãŠè£œé ãããã«ãœãŒãã«é¢ããã æ¬çºæã®äºæ¬¡é»æ± çšã«ãœãŒãã®è£œé æ¹æ³ã¯ãäž
è¬åŒAB2O4åŒäžãåã¯ïŒ¢ã®å°ãªããšãïŒã€ã
é·ç§»éå±ã§ãããåã³ïŒ¢ã®åã ãTiïŒïŒ¶ïŒCrïŒ
MnïŒFeïŒCoïŒNiïŒCuïŒZnïŒMgåã³Alãããª
ã矀ããéžã°ããïŒäŸ¡ãïŒäŸ¡åã¯ïŒäŸ¡ã®éå±éœã€
ãªã³ïŒœã§ç€ºãããã¹ããã«ååã¯ãªããœã¹ããã«
åæ§é ãæããé žåç©ãé»æ°ååŠçãªå æŸé»ãµã€
ã¯ã«ã«ãããããšãããªããããã«ããåèšé žå
ç©ããå®å®ãªäžæ¬¡å 骚çµæ§é 圢æ ã®ã«ãœãŒããåŸ
ããã該æ§é ã¯ãé©åœãªé»è§£è³ªåã³é©åœãªéœæ¥µãš
å ±ã«äºæ¬¡é»æ°ååŠé»æ± ãšããŠäœ¿çšããå Žåãå¯é
çãªå é»ïŒæŸé»åå¿ãçèµ·ãåŸãä»ã®ç©ççåã¯
ååŠçæ§é å€åã«é¢ããŠå®å®ã§ããïŒä»¥äžãäžèš
ã®ããã«åºçºç©è³ªãé»æ°ååŠçãªå æŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«
ã«ãããŠé»æ°ååŠçã«æŽ»æ§ã§å®å®ãªææã®æ§é ã«
å€æããŠæ¬çºæã®ã«ãœãŒããšããããšãã掻æ§å
ããããšç§°ããïŒã âã¹ããã«åâåã¯âãªããœã¹ããã«åâæ§é
ãšã¯ãMgAl2O4ïŒã¹ããã«ïŒãšé¡äŒŒåã¯å圢ã®æ§
é ãæå³ãããã¹ããã«ã®æ§é ã«ãããŠã¯é žçŽ é°
ã€ãªã³ãç«æ¹æå¯æ§é ïŒCubic close packed
structureïŒã®æ§åŒã§é åãããŠãè² ã«è·é»ãã
ãåé¢äœåã¯å «é¢äœã®éªšçµæ§é ã圢æããŠããã
éœã€ãªã³ã¯åé¢äœã®äœçœ®ã«ããéœã€ãªã³ã¯å «
é¢äœã®äœçœ®ãå ããããã®å Žåã®å å¡«é åã¯
âæ£âã¹ããã«æ§é ãšããŠç¥ãããããããéœã€
ãªã³ã®é åã¯ãéœã€ãªã³ã®ååãåé¢äœã®äœçœ®
ãå ããéœã€ãªã³ãæ®ãã®ïŒ¢éœã€ãªã³ãšå «é¢äœ
ã®äœçœ®ãåãããâéâã¹ããã«æ§é ãšããŠç¥ã
ãããã®ãäžãããããªãã®ã§ãã€ãŠããããé
ã¹ããã«æ§é ã¯åŒïŒ¢ïŒABïŒO4ã§æãè¯ãè¡šçŸã
ããããããã¯æ£ã¹ããã«AB2O4æ§é ãšåºå¥ã
ãããæ¬æ现æžäžã§ã®âã¹ããã«åâåã¯âãªã
ãœã¹ããã«åâæ§é ã¯æ£ã¹ããã«åæ§é åã³éã¹
ããã«åæ§é ã®åæ¹ãå å«ããã æ¬çºæã®æ¹æ³ã«ããã°ãé žåç©AB2O4ã¯çŽæ¥
å æŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«ã«ãããããåºçºææãšããŠå©çš
ããŠãããããä»ã®éå±é žåç©ãå æŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«
ã«ãããŠã«ãœãŒãã®åèšäžæ¬¡å 骚çµæ§é ãåŸãé
ã«åŸãããäžéçæç©ã§ãã€ãŠãããããã®åŸè
ã®å Žåãåºçºææã¯ãAB2O4ã¹ããã«åã¯ãªã
ãœã¹ããã«åæ§é ãæããªãããã©ããäŸãã°å¶
埡ãããéå ãé žååã¯äžåååå¿ã«ãã€ãŠäžè¿°
ã«ãããŠèŠå®ãããããªææã®AB2O4æ§é ãã
ã€äžéçæç©ã«ååŠçã«åã¯é»æ°ååŠçã«å€æã
ãããéå±é žåç©ã§ããã ããªãã¡ãäŸãã°ã¹ããã«åæ§é ãïŒã€ã®ïŒäŸ¡
ã®ééœã€ãªã³ãšïŒã€ã®ïŒäŸ¡ã®ééœã€ãªã³ãæãã
Fe3O4ã§ããå Žåã«ã¯ã該ã¹ããã«åæ§é ã¯ãé»
æ°ååŠçéå åã¯Naã®åŠãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±èžæ°ãš
ã®çŽæ¥ã®åå¿ã«ãã€ãŠÎ±âFe2O3ïŒã³ã©ã³ãã å
æ§é ãæããïŒããåŸãããšãåºæ¥ããããã¯å¶
埡ãããéå ã«ãã€ãŠÎ³âFe2O3ïŒã¹ããã«åæ§
é ããã€ïŒããããããã¯äžåååå¿ã«ãã€ãŠ
FeOïŒå²©å¡©æ§é ããã€ïŒããåŸãããšãã§ããã
ãã®å ŽåãαâFe2O3ïŒÎ³âFe2O3åã¯FeOã¯ã
äžéçæç©ãšããŠã®Fe3O4ãçµç±ããŠæŽ»æ§åãã
ããã«ãœãŒãã®äžæ¬¡å 骚çµæ§é ãåŸãããã®åºçº
ææãšãªããææã®AB2O4äžéçæç©ãäžãã
é¡äŒŒåã¯å圢ã®åºçºææãåæ§ã«åæ±ã€ãŠã¹ãã
ã«æ§é ãšããããšãã§ãããã®ãããªãã®ãšããŠ
äŸãã°Î±âFe2O3ã®ã³ã©ã³ãã æ§é ãšå圢ã®ã€ã«
ã¡ãã€ãæ§é ããã€FeTiO3åã¯CoTiO3ãããã
AB2O4äžéçæç©ãäžããã«é©ãããã®ä»ã®åº
çºææã«ã¯ãMn2O3ã®åŠããã¯ã¹ãïŒbixbyiteïŒ
æ§é åã¯Fe2TiO5ã®åŠãåœãããã«ã€ã
ïŒpseudoâbrookiteïŒæ§é ããã€ææããããã
ããã¯ææã®ã¹ããã«åæ§é ã«æŽ»æ§åããåŸããª
ãã°ããŒããã¹ã«ã€ãïŒperovskiteïŒæ§é ããã€
ææãé©åœã§ããã åºçºææããé žçŽ ååã®éªšçµæ§é ããã®é¢è±ã
䌎ã€ãŠã³ã©ã³ãã åæ§é ã®å æ¹æå¯é åããã¹ã
ãã«åæ§é ã®åé¢äœæå¯é åã«å€æãããαâ
Fe2O3ã®ã³ã©ã³ãã åæ§é ã§ããå Žåã«ç¹ã«è¯å¥œ
ãªçµæãåŸããããåèšé žçŽ ååã¯ããã®çç±ã¯
è¯ãå€ããªããã«ãœãŒãæ§é äžã«æ®çããŠæŸé»å®¹
éãæ¹åãããšèããããã 掻æ§åã¯ãé»æ°ååŠé»æ± å ã§è©²é žåç©ã«è€æ°ã®
å é»ïŒæŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«ããããããšã«ãã€ãŠé»æ°å
åŠçã«è¡ãããã該é»æ± ã«ãããŠã¯åèšé žåç©ã
ã«ãœãŒãã圢æããé©åœãªé»è§£è³ªåã³é©åœãªã¢ã
ãŒããšçµåãããã掻æ§åã«ãã€ãŠäžæ¬¡å 骚çµæ§
é ãããã¯éªšæ Œæ§é æ§ã®æ Œåããã€ã«ãœãŒããåŸ
ããããšèããããããã®æŽ»æ§åã¯ãåèšæ§é ã
å®å®åããé»æ± å ã§ã®å¯éçå é»ïŒæŸé»åå¿ã«å«
ãŸããå€å以å€ã®ç©ççåã¯ååŠçå€åãçããª
ããªããŸã§ç¶ããã åèšAB2O4ã¹ããã«æ§é ã掻æ§åã®éäžããš
ã®ãŸãŸã§ãããã©ããã¯ç¢ºãã§ãªãããŸãããšã®
ãŸãŸæ®ã€ãŠãããšããã°ã©ã®çšåºŠãŸã§ããšã®ãŸãŸ
ã§æ®ã€ãŠãããã確ãã§ã¯ãªããã«ãœãŒãæ§é ã®
圢æ ã¯ã掻æ§ååŸã«ã¯AB2O4é žåç©ã§ããåºçº
ææãšç©ççã«åã¯ååŠçã«é¡äŒŒã§ããå¿ èŠã¯ãª
ãããå¯éçäºæ¬¡é»æ± å ã§ã«ãœãŒããšããŠäœ¿çšã
ãå Žåã«èŠ³å¯ãããç¹æ§ããã該ã«ãœãŒãã¯é žçŽ
é°ã€ãªã³ããæ§æããäžã€ééªšæ Œçæ§è³ªïŒopen
skeletal natureïŒããã€ãã®ãšèãããããã«
ãœãŒãã®äžæ¬¡å éªšæ Œçãªåœ¢æ ã¯ãã«ãœãŒãè¡šé¢ã®
çªãåçã解ããŠã¢ããŒãåã³ïŒåã¯é»è§£è³ªãã
é»æ°ååŠçã«æŽ»æ§ãªç©è³ªãåãå ¥ããããšãå¯èœ
ãªå éšãã€ããã€ãéè·¯çããã€ãŠãããšèãã
ãããããããã¹ããã«å骚çµæ§é ã掻æ§åãã
ãã«ãœãŒãå ã§å®è³ªçã«ããšã®ãŸãŸã§æ®åããŠã
ãå¯èœæ§ãããã 掻æ§åã¯ãåºçºææã§ããé žåç©ãçšãããã
é»è§£è³ªåã³ã¢ããŒãã®æ§è³ªã«ãã€ãŠãå·Šå³ãã
ãããããã€ãŠãé»è§£è³ªåã³ã¢ããŒãã¯ææã®å®
å®ãªäžæ¬¡å ã«ãœãŒãæ§é ãåŸãããããã«éžæã
ãªããã°ãªããªãããã®ç¹ã«é¢ããŠã«ãœãŒãæ§é
ã¯ã掻æ§åãããå Žåãåºçºææã®é žåç©åã³ïŒ
åã¯é»è§£è³ªåã³ïŒãããã¯ã¢ããŒãã«ç±æ¥ããå
åŠçš®ãå«ã¿åŸããšèããããããã®ããã«æ¬çºæ
ã¯ãäºæ¬¡ååŠé»æ± å ã§å¯éçãªå é»ïŒæŸé»åå¿ã
è¡ãããšãã§ããå®å®ãªã«ãœãŒãæ§é ãäžãåŸ
ããåºçºææãšããŠã®é žåç©ãé»è§£è³ªããã³ã¢ã
ãŒãã®çµã¿åããã«éå®ãããã æ£ã¹ããã«æ§é ããã€åäœã»ã«ïŒunit cellïŒå
ã«ã¯ïŒã€ã®AB2O4åäœãååšãããååäœã»ã«
ã¯ïŒ¡éå±éœã€ãªã³ã«ãã€ãŠïŒåã®äœçœ®ãå ããã
ãŠãã64åã®åé¢äœåã³ïŒ¢éå±éœã€ãªã³ã«ãã€ãŠ
16åã®äœçœ®ãå ããããŠãã32åã®å «é¢äœãå«ã
ã§ããããã®ããã«åäœã»ã«å ã«ã¯ãå€æ°ã®ç©ºã®
å «é¢äœïŒ56åã®åé¢äœåã³16åã®å «é¢äœïŒã®äœçœ®
ãååšããããããã®äœçœ®ã¯æŽ»æ§åã®å é»ïŒæŸé»
ãµã€ã¯ã«ã§æŸé»ããŠããéãªããŠã éœã€ãªã³ã®åŠ
ãé»è§£è³ªéœã€ãªã³ã«ãã€ãŠå°ãªããšãéšåçã«æº
ãããŠæ¿å ¥åååç©ã圢æãããã®åŸãã®é»è§£è³ª
éœã€ãªã³ã¯å é»ã®éã«ãããã®äœçœ®ãé¢ãããšè
ããããã 掻æ§åããéã®æŸé»åå¿ãå®å šã«è¡ãªãããã«
ãœãŒãã®éå±ã€ãªã³ãçŽç²ãªéå±ã«éå ãããã
ããªãã®ã§ãããšãã«ãœãŒãã®éªšæ Œæ§é ã®åŽ©å£ã
äºæž¬ãããã®ã§ãæŸé»ãçè«å®¹éã®80ïŒ ãŸã§ã«å¶
éããŠããã®ãããªåŽ©å£ãé¿ããªããã°ãªããª
ãããããããã®ãããªæŽ»æ§åã®éåã³æŽ»æ§åã®
å®äºã®ééã«ãã«ãœãŒãã®åºçºææã§ããFe3O4
åã³Fe2O3ã«ã€ããŠã¯500mAâhrïŒïœãè¶ ããæŸ
é»å®¹éã芳å¯ãããïŒçè«å®¹éåã¯ã«ãœãŒãèœå
ã®50ïŒ ä»¥äžïŒããã®ããšã¯ãå é»ïŒæŸé»ã®æ©æ§ã
ã€ãªã³ã®æ§é äžãžã®æ¿å ¥ã®ã¿ã«ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªã
ããšãåã³ã«ãœãŒãã®ã¹ããã«æ§é ãæŸé»äžã«ä¹±
ããããåã¯åé åãããŠãæçµçã«æŸé»ããŠæŽ»
æ§åãããã«ãœãŒãå ã«äœçãã®æ°ãããããå®
å®ãªéªšæ Œæ§é ãããããããããšã瀺ããŠããã
掻æ§åãããã«ãœãŒãã®å é»äžã«ã¹ããã«åæ§é
ãã©ã®çšåºŠãŸã§åçããããããŸãæ°ããæ§é ã
ããšã®ãŸãŸã§æ®ã€ãŠãããã©ããã¯å€ããªããã
ã©ããç·åæã«ããã°æŸé»ç¶æ ã®æŽ»æ§åããã
ã«ãœãŒãå ã§ã¯ã¹ããã«åæ§é ãå°ãªããšãéšå
çã«ç Žå£ãããŠãããFe3O4ãã圢æãã80ïŒ æŸ
é»ããã«ãœãŒããFe3O4ã®ååšãå ãã«ç€ºãããš
ãæãããšãªã€ããããããªãããéšåçã«æŸé»
ããFe2O3ã«ãœãŒãã¯æããã«Fe3O4ã®ç·ã瀺ã
ãŠããã ãããããªããœã¹ããã«åæ§é ãå é»ã®éã«éš
åçã«åã¯å®å šã«åçããåŸããšããå¯èœæ§ã¯äŸ
ç¶ãšããŠæé€ããããšã¯ã§ããªãã åæ§ã«ãã³ã©ã³ãã åæ§é ãæããαâFe2O3
ãåºçºææãšããŠçšããããå Žåã¯ããã®ã³ã©ã³
ãã åæ§é ãå é»äžã«ã©ã®çšåºŠãŸã§åçãããã
ã¯å€ããªãããã©ããã³ã©ã³ãã åæ§é ãã¹ãã
ã«åæ§é ãçµç±ããŠåçããåŸããšããå¯èœæ§ã¯
æé€ããããšã¯ã§ããªãã å³ã¡ã掻æ§åãããã«ãœãŒãã®å é»ã¯é»è§£è³ªéœ
ã€ãªã³ã®é€å»åã³ïŒåã¯é»è§£è³ªé°ã€ãªã³ãéªšæ Œæ§
é ã«åã蟌ãããšãå å«ãåŸãäŸãã°é»è§£è³ªãã¢
ã«ã«ãªéå±ããã²ã³åç©ã§ããå Žåã«ã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãª
éå±ïŒé·ç§»éå±ã®ãªãã·ãã©ã€ãæ§é ãçæã
ãã 掻æ§åã«é©åãªé»è§£è³ªã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã€ãªã³å
ã³ïŒåã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã€ãªã³åã³ããã²ã³ã€
ãªã³ãããªãé»è§£è³ªã§ãã€ãŠã掻æ§åäžæ¶²äœã®åœ¢
æ ã«ãããã®ã§ããã 掻æ§åã«çšããããé»è§£è³ªã¯ïŒçš®ãããã¯ãã
以äžã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããã²ã³åç©ãããã¯ïŒçš®å
ã¯ãã以äžã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ããã²ã³åç©ãã
ãªããããããã¯ïŒçš®åã¯ãã以äžã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªå
é¡éå±ããã²ã³åç©ãšæ··åãããïŒçš®ãããã¯ã
ã以äžã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããã²ã³åç©ãããªãããŸ
ããé»è§£è³ªã¯ïŒçš®åã¯ãã以äžã®ã¢ã«ãããŠã ã
ãã²ã³åç©ãå«ãã§ãããããŸã溶èå¡©ã®åœ¢æ ã§
ããããææ©æº¶åªäžã«æº¶è§£ãããŠããŠãããã é»è§£è³ªã¯äŸãã°LiClã®ãããªåç¬ã®ãåã¯ä»ã®
ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããã²ã³åç©ïŒã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã
ãã²ã³åç©åã³ïŒåã¯ã¢ã«ãããŠã ããã²ã³åç©
ãšã®ã®æ··åç©ã®åœ¢ã®ãªããŠã ããã²ã³åç©ãããª
ãã®ã奜ãŸãããé»è§£è³ªã¯ã150â以äžã®èç¹ã
äŸãã°400âãŸã§åã¯ãã以äžã®èç¹ããã€é«è
ç¹é»è§£è³ªã奜ãŸããããŸãé»è§£è³ªã¯ãããã¬ã³ã«
ãŒãããŒãã«æº¶è§£ããLiClO4ã®åŠã宀枩é»è§£è³ª
ã§ãã€ãŠãããã åæ§ã«ã掻æ§åã«çšããããã¢ããŒãã¯ïŒçš®ã
ããã¯ãã以äžã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ãããã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãª
åé¡éå±ã®åç¬ãããã¯æ··åç©ãããã¯åéå
ã³ïŒåã¯ã¢ã«ãããŠã ã®åŠãä»ã®éå±ãšã®æ··åç©
ãããã¯åéããæ§æããããã¢ããŒãææã¯ã
掻æ§åã®ç®çã«ãããŠé žåç©åºçºææåã³é»è§£è³ª
ã«é»æ°ååŠçã«é©åãã掻æ§å枩床ã§åãæ±ãæ
ããã®ãéžæãããã 奜ãŸããã¯ãäžæ¬¡å 骚çµæ§é ã圢æããã®ã«çš
ããããAB2O4é žåç©ã¯ç¬¬ïŒåã®é·ç§»éå±ã®é ž
åç©ã§ãããå³ã¡é žåç©ã¯ãéãã³ãã«ãåã¯ã
ã³ã¬ã³ã®é žåç©ãäŸãã°Fe3O4ïŒCo3O4åã¯
Mn3O4ãšãåŸããAB2O4é žåç©ãFe3O4ã§ããå Ž
åã«ã¯ãαâFe2O3åã¯Î³âFe2O3åã¯äžè¿°ã®åŠ
ãFeOããåºçºããŠãäžéçæç©ãšããŠFe3O4ã
åŸãããšãã§ããããåæ§ã«åºçºææããã¯ã¹ã
æ§é ã®Mn2O3ãšããŠã¹ããã«åäžéäœãšããŠã®
Mn3O4ãåŸãããšãã§ããã åºçºææã®é žåç©ã¯ãé·ç§»éå±ã®æ°çš®ã®é žåç©
ããæ§æããããã®ã§ãã€ãŠããã®é žåç©ã®å°ãª
ããšãïŒçš®ãã¹ããã«åæ§é ãæãããåã¯æŽ»æ§
åäžã«ã¹ããã«åæ§é ãçµç±ãããã®ã§ãã€ãŠã
ããããŸãåºçºææã®é žåç©ã¯ãå®çŸ©ããäžè¬åŒ
AB2O4ã«åºã¥ãè€æ°ã®é·ç§»éå±ã®é žåç©ã§æ§æ
ãããŠããŠãããã 掻æ§åã®éã«ã¹ããã«åäžéç©ã®æ§é ãçµç±ã
ãŠæçµçã«æŽ»æ§åãããå®å®ãªäžæ¬¡å éªšæ Œæ§é ã
åŸããããã®ä»ã®é·ç§»éå±é žåç©ãšããŠã¯
FeTiO3ïŒã³ã©ã³ãã åæ§é ïŒåã³Fe2TiO5ïŒåœã
ã«ãã«ã€ãåæ§é ïŒãããã ãŸãã«ãœãŒãã®éªšæ Œæ§é ã¯ãäŸãã°CoFe2O4ã®
åŠãïŒçš®ä»¥äžã®é·ç§»éå±ã®æ··åç©ãããã¯åéã®
é žåç©ïŒåºæº¶äœïŒåã¯ïŒçš®ä»¥äžã®é·ç§»éå±ãšïŒçš®
以äžã®ä»ã®éå±ã®æ··åç©ãããã¯åéã®é žåç©ã
ããªãé žåç©ããæ§æãããŠããŠãããããã®ä»
ã®éå±ã®é žåç©ã¯äžèšæ··åç©åã¯åºæº¶äœã®å ããª
éšåãæ§æããæ··åç©åã¯åºæº¶äœã®çŽ50ééïŒ ä»¥
äžã奜ãŸããã¯20ééïŒ ä»¥äžãå ããã åæ§ã«ã掻æ§åãããŠã«ãœãŒãã圢æãã
AB2O4é·ç§»éå±é žåç©ã¯é·ç§»éå±ã®çåç©ãã±
ã€åç©ãçåç©ãããŠåç©åã³ïŒåã¯çªåç©ãšã®
æ··åç©ã§ãã€ãŠããããé žåç©ã¯æ··åç©ã®å€§éšå
ãå ãããã®ãšãåŸãæ··åç©ã®50ééïŒ ä»¥äžã奜
ãŸããã¯80ééïŒ ä»¥äžãæ§æããã æŽã«ãAB2O4ã®ã¹ããã«åé žåç©ãæ··åç©ã®
äžéšããªããã®ã§ãã€ãŠãäžè¬åŒAB2X4ïŒããã§
åã³ïŒ¢ã¯åèšã®ãã®ãšå矩ã§ãããã¯ç¡«é»ã
ã»ã¬ã³åã¯ãã«ã«ã®åŠãã«ã«ã³ã²ã³ã§ããïŒã§è¡š
ããããããå²åã®ã«ã«ã³âã¹ããã«ãå«æãã
ãã®ã§ãã€ãŠããããå³ã¡ãAB2O4ã¹ããã«å
é žåç©ã¯äžè¬åŒAB2OoX4-oãšããããšãã§ãã
ïŒããã§ïŒ¡ïŒïŒ¢åã³ïŒžã¯åèšãšå矩ã§ãããïœã¯
ïŒãã倧ã§ïŒããå°ã§ããïŒã 掻æ§åã§åŸãããæ§é ãã«ãœãŒããšããŠäœ¿çšã
ãã«ã¯é»åäŒå°æ§ãäžå åã§ããããšããããæ¬
çºææ¹æ³ã¯ããã®ãããªå Žåã«é»æ± ã®äœå枩床ã§
æå¹ãªé©åœãªé»åäŒå°æ§ææãäŸãã°ã°ã©ãã¢ã€
ããMoS2ïŒWCïŒTiCçãã«ãœãŒãæ§é ã«çµå ¥
ããããšãå å«ãåŸããã®ã§ãããTiCïŒäžè¬ã«
é·ç§»éå±ã®çåç©ãé£åç©ãçªåç©ãç¡Œåç©å
ã³ïŒåã¯çªåç©ã¯ããã§ããïŒãã«ã¬ã³ãã³ã¬ã¯
ã¿ãŒãšããŠå åã«äœåããããšã¯è¯ãç¥ãããã
ãšã§ãããå®éã«ãåäžã®é»æ± ã§ã°ã©ãã¢ã€ãã«
ã¬ã³ãã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒãšæ¯èŒããå ŽåãTiCã¯ã«ãœãŒ
ãçšã®Î±âFe2O3åºçºææãæããé»æ± ã®æŸé»é»
å§æ²ç·ã®å¹³åŠéšã®æ°ŽæºãäžæããããåŸã€ãŠãã«
ãœãŒããFe2O3ïŒFe3O4ïŒCo3O4ïŒMn3O4ïŒ
FeTiO3çã®åŠãé žåç©ããèªå°ããã骚çµæ§é
ããæãå Žåã«ã¯ããããã®æ§é ã¯ç²æ«ã°ã©ãã¢
ã€ããšæ··åãããç²ååã¯ç²æ«ã®åœ¢æ ãšããããš
ãã§ããããã®å Žåã骚çµæ§é ã¯åã ã®é žåç©ç²
åã®å éšã«èŠåºãããããšã«ãªãã ãã®ç¹ã«é¢ãããã°ãã¿ã€ãïŒFe3O4ïŒã®åŠã
ããçš®ã®ã¹ããã«åAB2O4ã®é žåç©ã¯æ¬æ¥é»å
äŒå°æ§ã§ããã®ã§ãä»å çãªé»åäŒå°æ§ã¯æå°é
ã§ãããããããå®å šã«æŽ»æ§åãããåŸã«ãã®ã
ããªæ¬æ¥ã®äŒå°æ§ãã©ã®çšåºŠãŸã§æ®ã€ãŠãããã¯
äžæã§ãããæ¿å ¥ãããã€ãªã³ãæŸé»äžã«æ§é å
ã«çµã¿å ¥ãããããšãæ¬æ¥é»åäŒå°æ§ã§ãªãã¹ã
ãã«åæ§é ã®é žåç©ãé»åäŒå°æ§ã«ãªãåŸãããš
ãèããããã ã«ãœãŒãç²åäžã«ãäŸãã°ç²åãã³ãã€ãç¶ã®
ã°ã©ãã¢ã€ãæžæ¿æ¶²ã§åŠçããŠä¹Ÿç¥ãããããã
ãã¯æ°çžè¢«èŠã«ãããå€å質ã®ã°ã©ãã¢ã€ã被èŠ
ã圢æããããšãå¯èœã§ããã ã°ã©ãã¢ã€ããé»è§£è³ªã®éå£ãšããŠäœçšãã«ãœ
ãŒãç²åã«å¯Ÿããé»è§£è³ªã®æ¥è¿ãå¶éããããšã
ããåŸãã®ã§ãã°ã©ãã¢ã€ãå±€ã¯å€å質ã§ãã€
ãŠããã®å²åã¯äœ¿çšäžã®æå¹ãªé»åäŒå°æ§ãæºè¶³
ããç¯å²ã§ã§ããã ãäœãããšã奜ãŸããã å®éã«ã¯ãé»åäŒå°ææã®å²åã¯äœ¿çšäžã«é»æ±
å ã«ãããé»è§£è³ªã®æ¥è¿ãšé»åäŒå°åºŠãšã®éã«æ
æã®ãã©ã³ã¹ãåŸãããããã«éžæãããã¹ãã§
ãããããäžã€ã®èŠå ã¯é»åäŒå°æ§ææã®å šè³ªé
ãæ倧ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒå¯Ÿééæ¯ãäžããããã«ã§ã
ãã ãäœããããã¹ãã§ããããšã§ããã çŽïŒã16ïŒ ã®éã®ã°ã©ãã¢ã€ããå åãªé»åäŒ
å°åºŠãäžãããšèããããããã©ããç²æ«ã°ã©ã
ã¢ã€ããçšããå Žåãããã«å€§ããªå²åã§å«ãŸã
ãããšãã§ããæ¬çºæã§ã¯ïŒã60ééïŒ ã®ã°ã©ã
ã¢ã€ãç²æ«ã®äœ¿çšãèããããã ãããåºããããã«ãœãŒãã«ã€ããŠã¯ãã«ãœãŒ
ããã°ã©ãã¢ã€ãç²æ«ãšé žåç©ããèªå°ãããç²
åãšã®æ··åç©ããæ§æãããå Žåã«ã¯ãã°ã©ãã¢
ã€ãç²åã®å€§ãããå°ãããããšã«ãœãŒããéé
ããé»è§£è³ªã®ç§»åã䜿çšäžã«é 延ãããããã©ã
é»åäŒå°åºŠã¯æ¹åããããŸãã°ã©ãã¢ã€ãç²åã®
倧ããã倧ãéãããšãã®éã«ãªããåŸã€ãŠãå®
éã®å Žåã«ã¯ãã®ç¹ã«é¢ããŠé©åœãªãã©ã³ã¹ããš
ãããªããã°ãªããªãã æ¬çºæã®ã«ãœãŒãã補é ããæ¹æ³ã¯ãçµåå€ã§
ã«ãœãŒããé©åœã«åºãããæ¯æããããšãããã
ã¯æ¯æäœåã¯ãããªãã¯ã¹äžã«ã«ãœãŒããä¿æã
ãããšããããã¯å€åæ§ã«ãœãŒããã«ããŒã«å ¥ã
ããåã¯ãã®äžã«èŒããããšçã«ãã€ãŠãèªå·±æ¯
æäœãããã¯ãããªãã¯ã¹ã«åœ¢æããããšãå å«
ãåŸãã äŸãã°ãã«ãœãŒããé©åœãªå€åæ§ã®èè é£æ§ã«
ãœãŒããã«ããŒå ã«å容ããããšãã§ããããã®
ã«ãœãŒããã«ããŒã¯å€åæ§ã®ã°ã©ãã¢ã€ãã«ãã
åã¯å®¹åšã®åœ¢ç¶ãšããããšãã§ããã ã«ãœãŒããå§çž®ãããšãç²åéã®æ¥è§Šãæ¹åã
ãé»åäŒå°åºŠãé«ãŸããããããªããã«ãœãŒãã
å§çž®ãããšãã«ãœãŒãã®å€å床ãæžå°ãåŸã€ãŠäœ¿
çšäžã®é»è§£è³ªã®ã«ãœãŒããžã®æ¡æ£ã«åœ±é¿ãã§ãã åŸã€ãŠå§çž®ã¯ãã«ãœãŒããžæ¥è¿ããé»è§£è³ªã䜿
çšäžååã§ãã€ãŠã«ãœãŒããå®è³ªçã«äžæ¬¡å çã«
ãœãŒãããŠäœçšããŠååãªé»æµå¯åºŠãåŸãããªã
ãã°ãªããªããšããèŠæ±ã«å¯Ÿãããè¯å¥œãªé»åäŒ
å°åºŠãšæ©æ¢°çåæ§ãšã®ãã©ã³ã¹ãèæ ®ããŠå®æœã
åŸãã ãããã¯ãã«ãœãŒããå§çž®ããããšã«ããå®è³ª
çã«èªå·±æ¯ææ§ã§ããããã«ååã«åæ§ãæãã
ã«ãœãŒããã€ã¹ã¯åã¯ãã¬ãããšããããšãã§ã
ãããããã¯ã«ãœãŒããã«ããŒãçšããããšãªã
䜿çšããããšãã§ãããããã¬ããåã¯ãã€ã¹ã¯
ã䜿çšäžã«ç Žç ããå Žåã«ãœãŒããã«ããŒããã¬
ããåã¯ãã€ã¹ã¯ãã»ãšãã©ãã®ãŸãŸä¿æããã
ãã«ããã®ãããªãã«ããŒã䜿çšããããšã奜ãŸ
ããã ã«ãœãŒããé©åœã«å§çž®ãããšãã«ãœãŒãã®å®¹é
察質éæ¯ãæ¹åããããšããå©ç¹ãåŸãããããŸ
ãé»åäŒå°åºŠãé«ããããã®ã§é»åäŒå°æ§ææã®
çžå¯Ÿç質éãæžå°ãããããšãã§ããåŸã€ãŠçžå¯Ÿ
çã«è³ªéã®å°ããã«ãœãŒãã®äœ¿çšãå¯èœãšãªãã
ããã«ãã«ãœãŒãã®èªå·±æ¯ææ§ããã匷ããªãã®
ã§ãããåãæ±ãæããªãã é žåç©ã®æŽ»æ§åã¯ãã«ãœãŒã圢æã®æåã®æ®µé
ã§è¡ãªã€ãŠãããããã¹ãŠã®ä»ã®ã«ãœãŒã圢æã®
段éãå®æœããåŸã®æçµæ®µéã§è¡ãªã€ãŠãããã æ¬çºææ¹æ³ã«ãããŠã¯ãã«ãœãŒããé»æ°ååŠé»
æ± å ã®ã«ãœãŒããšããŠè€æ°ã®å é»ïŒæŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«
ã«ãããŠé»æ°ååŠçã«æŽ»æ§åããå Žåãé©åœãªã¢
ããŒããšãé·ç§»éå±ã®åºçºé žåç©ã®æŽ»æ§åã«èŠã
ãéŸå€é»å§ãããé«ãé»è§£è³ªèªäœã®é»è§£éŸå€é»å§
ãæããé»è§£è³ªãšã䜿çšããã äžæŠãåºçºé žåç©ãååãªå é»ïŒæŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«
ã«ãããã°ãé žåç©ã¯ååã«æŽ»æ§åããé»æ± å ã®
ã«ãœãŒããšããŠäœ¿çšã§ããã æ¬åºé¡äººã®å®æœããå®éšãããé žåç©ãïŒã20
åã®å é»ïŒæŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«ã«ããããšååã«æŽ»æ§å
ãããããšãç¥èŠãããã 掻æ§åã®ããã®éŸå€é»å§ã¯ãé žåç©ã®ç¹å®ã®é
å±ã«äŸåããããããã掻æ§åã®éŸå€é»å§ã¯æŽ»æ§
åéçšã§äœ¿çšããç¹å®ã®ããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ãšã¢ã«ã«
ãªéå±ã€ãªã³ã«ãäŸåããã ç±å®å®æ§ãèæ ®ããŠãç¹å®ã®åºçºé žåç©ã®æŽ»æ§
åã«äœ¿çšããé»è§£è³ªåã³ïŒåã¯ã¢ããŒããéžæã
ãã æ¬çºæã¯äºæ¬¡é»æ°ååŠé»æ± çšã«ãœãŒãã«ãå
ã¶ããã®ã«ãœãŒãã¯ãåèšæ¹æ³ã«ããå°ãªããšã
äžã€ã®é·ç§»éå±ã®é žåç©ã掻æ§åããŠåŸãããäž
次å 骚çµæ§é ããæãã ããã«æ¬çºæã¯ãåèšã®ãããªé·ç§»éå±ã®é žå
ç©ã®æŽ»æ§åã«ããåŸãããæŸé»ããŠå®å®ãªäžæ¬¡å
骚çµæ§é ãšãªãã«ãœãŒããšãé©åœãªé»è§£è³ªãšã¢ã
ãŒããšããæãäºæ¬¡é»æ°ååŠé»æ± ã«åã¶ã ã«ãœãŒãã¯ãå é»æã«å°ãªããšãéšåçã«ããš
ã®é žåç©æ§é ãåçããããããªãã®ã§ãã€ãŠã
ããã é»æ± ã¯ããã®äžã§ã«ãœãŒããåºçºã®é žåç©ãã
掻æ§åã«ãã圢æãããé»æ± ãšåããã®ã§ãã€ãŠ
ããããå³ã¡åºçºé žåç©ãã掻æ§åããåŸã®ã«ãœ
ãŒãã䜿çšããé»æ± å ãã®å Žã§æŽ»æ§åããã«ãœãŒ
ãã®å®å®ãªäžæ¬¡å 骚çµæ§é ã圢æããããšãã§ã
ãããããã¯ãã«ãœãŒããäžã€ã®é»æ± å ã§æŽ»æ§å
ããå¥ã®é»æ± å ã§äœ¿çšããŠããããå³ã¡æŽ»æ§ååŸ
ã«ã«ãœãŒãããç°ãªãã¢ããŒãåã³ïŒåã¯é»è§£
質ãäŸãã°æŽ»æ§åã«äœ¿çšãããé»è§£è³ªããäœãè
ç¹ãæããé»è§£è³ªãæããå¥ã®é»æ± å ã§äœ¿çšãã
ããšãã§ããã é»æ± å ã®ã¢ããŒãã¯ãã«ãœãŒãåã³é»è§£è³ªãšé©
åãããã®ã§ããã°ä»»æã®ã¢ããŒãããããšãã§
ããã ã¢ããŒãã¯ã掻æ§åã®ããã«äœ¿çšãããã¢ããŒ
ããããã¯æŽ»æ§ååŸã®ã«ãœãŒãã䜿çšããå¥ã®é»
æ± ã®ã¢ããŒãã®ãããããã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ãã¢ã«ã«
ãªéå±ã®é åç©ãã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ãã¢ã«ã«ãªå
é¡éå±ã®é åç©ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±åã³ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡
éå±ã®é åç©åã¯åéããããã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±å
ã³ïŒåã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ãšä»ã®éå±ãå«ãåé
åã¯é åç©ãããªããã®åã¯å«ããã®ãšãåŸãã ã¢ããŒããã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã®åœ¢æ ã®å Žåãã¢ã«ã«
ãªéå±ã¯ãªããŠã åã¯ãããªãŠã ã奜ãŸããã ã¢ããŒããã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ãããªãå Žåãã¢
ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã¯ãã°ãã·ãŠã ã奜ãŸããã ã¢ããŒããã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±åã³ïŒåã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªå
é¡éå±ãå«ãåéåã¯çµæç©ãããªãå Žåãåèš
ã®äžçš®ãŸãã¯ãã以äžã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±åã³ïŒåã¯
ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ãå«ãåéåã¯çµæç©ã§ãã€
ãŠãåéåã¯çµæç©ã®æ®ãã®æåãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±
åã³ïŒåã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ãšé©åœãªåéåã¯çµ
æç©ã圢æã§ããçžæº¶æ§ã®ä»»æã®éå±ãããã¯é¡
䌌ã®ç©è³ªã§ãããã®ãšããããšãã§ããã åŸã€ãŠãäŸãã°æ®ãã®æåã¯ã±ã€çŽ ãã¢ã«ãã
ãŠã ãããŠçŽ çãšããããšãã§ããã ã¢ããŒãã®è³ªéãéèŠãªå åãšãªãå Žåãå€ã
ãããã®ãããªå Žåã«ã¯æ®ãã®æåã¯ã¢ã«ãããŠ
ã åã¯ã±ã€çŽ ã®åŠã軜ãéå±åã¯ç©è³ªãšããããš
ã奜ãŸããã ãŸãã¢ããŒããçŽç²ãªã¢ã«ãããŠã ãšããããš
ãã§ããã é»æ± ã®å é»ïŒæŸé»åå¿ã¯å¥ãšããŠãã«ãœãŒãã®
骚çµæ§é ã¯æŽ»æ§ååŸã®ç©ççåã³ïŒåã¯ååŠçå€
åã«å¯ŸããŠäžæŽ»æ§ã§ããã®ã§ãã«ãœãŒããæçµç
ã«äœ¿çšããé»æ± ã®é»è§£è³ªã¯ãé»æ± äœå枩床ã§æº¶è
ãããã¯æ¶²äœç¶æ ã®é»è§£è³ªãšããããšãã§ããã ããããææã®å Žåã¯é»è§£è³ªã¯åºäœã®é»è§£è³ª
ãšã該åºäœé»è§£è³ªãšã«ãœãŒããšã®éã®æº¶èãŸãã¯
液äœé»è§£è³ªãçµåãããã®ã§ãã€ãŠãããã ãã®åºäœé»è§£è³ªã¯ãäŸãã°Î²âã¢ã«ããããã·
ã³ã³ïŒNa3Zr2PSi2O12ïŒããã®é¡äŒŒç©çã®ãããª
é©åœãªåŸæ¥ã®åºäœé»è§£è³ªã®ãããã®ãã®ã§ãã
ãã 液äœé»è§£è³ªã¯ãäŸãã°å¡©åãªããŠã ãå¡©åã«ã«
ã·ãŠã ãããåã«ã«ã·ãŠã ãå¡©åãã°ãã·ãŠã ã
èåãªããŠã çã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããã²ã³åç©åã¯
ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã®ããã²ã³åç©ãå«ã¿åŸãã ãŸãé»è§£è³ªã¯äºæåç³»åã¯äžæåç³»çã®ã¢ã«ã«
ãªéå±ããã²ã³åå¡©åã³ïŒåã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±
ããã²ã³åå¡©ã®æ··åç©ãããªããã®ã§ãããã åŸã€ãŠãé»è§£è³ªã¯äŸãã°ãšãŠåãªããŠã âãšãŠ
åã«ãªãŠã ãå¡©åãªããŠã âå¡©åã«ãªãŠã ãå¡©å
ãªããŠã âå¡©åãã°ãã·ãŠã ãããã¯ããåãªã
ãŠã âå¡©åãªããŠã âèåãªããŠã çãããªãã
ã®ãšãåŸãã ãŸãé»è§£è³ªã¯ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã€ãªã³å«æé»è§£è³ª
åã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã€ãªã³å«æé»è§£è³ªãããªã
ãã®ãšããããšãã§ããããã¯äŸãã°éãããã³
æ§æº¶åªã«æº¶è§£ããéå¡©çŽ é žãªããŠã ïŒLiClO4ïŒ
ã§ãããéãããã³æ§æº¶åªã¯äŸãã°ãããã¬ã³ã«
ãŒãããŒãã®ãããªé©åœãªæº¶åªãšããããšãã§ã
ãã ãŸããäŸãã°æº¶èã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããã²ã³åç©ã®
åŠãé»è§£è³ªã§ã¯ãAlCl3ã®åŠãããã²ã³åã¢ã«ã
ããŠã åã¯ä»ã®é©åœãªããŒãã³ãã§ããŒãããŠã
該é»è§£è³ªã®èç¹ãäœäžãããããšãã§ããã åŸã€ãŠãé»è§£è³ªã¯äŸãã°ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ããã²ã³
åç©âããã²ã³åã¢ã«ãããŠã æ··åç©ãããã¯è€
å¡©ãåã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ããã²ã³åç©âããã²
ã³åã¢ã«ãããŠã æ··åç©ãããã¯è€å¡©åã¯ããç
ã®æ··åç©ã®åœ¢æ ãšããããšãã§ããã åŸã€ãŠãé»è§£è³ªã¯äŸãã°ãNaAlCl4ïŒLiAlCl4
çãããªããã®ãšãåŸãã é»è§£è³ªãæ··åç©åã¯æº¶èç©ã®å Žåãé»è§£è³ªã¯å ±
èæ··åç©åã¯æº¶èç©ã§ããã®ã奜é©ã§ããã é»è§£è³ªã¯ãäŸãã°è±æ°ŽãŒãªã©ã€ãçµæ¶ã«å«æµžã
ãããšã«ãããè±æ°ŽãŒãªã©ã€ããšçµåããŠãã
ãããã®å ŽåãŒãªã©ã€ãçµæ¶ã¯ã䜿çšäžã«ããã
溶èåã¯åºäœã®ç¶æ ã«ããé»è§£è³ªã®å¥œé©ãªæ äœã®
圹å²ãæãããšãã§ããã ã«ãœãŒããæçµçã«äœ¿çšããé»æ± ã¯é©åœãªåœ¢ç¶
ã®é»æ¥µã»ãã¬ãŒã¿ãå«ãã§ããŠããããäŸãã°ã
ã«ãœãŒãäžã®ååã«è±æ°Žãããé©åœãªãŒãªã©ã€ã
çµæ¶å±€ãããªãé»æ¥µã»ãã¬ãŒã¿ã§ããããã®å ·äœ
äŸã§ã¯ã該ã»ãã¬ãŒã¿ã¯äœ¿çšäžã®æãŸãããªãå
å¿çæç©ãä»ã®é»æ± ã«æ害ãªç©è³ªã®å容äœãšããŠ
ãäœçšããã ã«ãœãŒããæçµçã«äœ¿çšããæ¬çºæã®é»æ± ã¯ã
äŸãã°èè é£æ§ã®è»œéææã®ãããªé©åœãªææã§
å¯å°ããããšãã§ãããé»æ± ã¯ãäŸãã°ã¹ãã³ã¬
ã¹éŒè£œã·ãšã«å ã®äžæŽ»æ§ã¬ã¹é°å²æ°äžã§ã·ãŒã«ã
ãããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ã«ãœãŒãã¯ãäºæ¬¡é»æ± å³ã¡åå é»å¯èœ
ãªäºæ¬¡é»æ± ã«äœ¿çšããããšãã§ãããåæ§ã«ãæ¬
çºæã®é»æ± ïŒã»ã«ïŒã¯ãå¿ èŠã«å¿ããŠããããªãŒ
ã®åœ¢æ ã«å®¹æã«åœ¢æããããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®ã«ãœãŒãã¯ãäžæ¬¡é»æ± ãææã®å Žåã«
ã¯ãã®ãããªäžæ¬¡é»æ± ã®ããããªãŒã«ã䜿çšãã
ããšãã§ããã æ¬çºæã®å ·äœäŸãã以äžã®å®éšäŸãåç §ããªã
ãèšèŒããã çŽ20ååïŒ ã®ãªããŠã ãå«ã¿è¡šé¢ç©6.9cm3ãæ
ãããªããŠã âã¢ã«ãããŠã åéã¢ããŒããæã
ãé»æ± ã補é ãããããã§ãåéäžã®ãªããŠã ã®
æ¯çãçŽïŒã50ååïŒ ã§ããã°ããªããŠã å«éã¯
éèŠã§ã¯ãªããé»æ± ã¯ééæ¯ïŒïŒïŒã§ã°ã©ãã¢ã€
ããšæ··åãããFe3O43ïœããæãé掻æ§åã«ãœ
ãŒããæããŠããããã®ã«ãœãŒãã¯å€åæ§ã°ã©ã
ã¢ã€ã容åšå ã«å容ãããŠãããé»æ± ã®é»è§£è³ªã¯
å¡©åãªããŠã âå¡©åã«ãªãŠã å ±èç©ã§ãã€ããäœ
åæ¡ä»¶ã¯ä»¥äžã®éãã§ãã€ãã å é»ïŒæŸé»é»æµ ïŒ40mA äœå枩床 ïŒ420â äžéã«ãããªãé»å§ ïŒ1.7ãã«ã äžéã«ãããªãé»å§ ïŒ0.5ãã«ã ïŒäžéã«ãããªãé»å§ã¯é»æ± ãå é»ãããäžé
ãæå³ããäžéã«ãããªãé»å§ã¯é»æ± ãæŸé»ãã
ãäžéãæå³ããïŒã äžèšé»æ± ããåŸãããçµæã第ïŒè¡šã«ç€ºãã第衚 解æŸé»å§ ïŒ1.7V ç絡é»æµ ïŒ200mAïŒcm3 æŸé»å®¹é ïŒ1.92AmpâhrsïŒç¬¬ïŒãµã€ã¯ã«ïŒ ã«ãœãŒãå©çšç ïŒ70ïŒ ïŒç¬¬ïŒãµã€ã¯ã«ïŒ ã¯ãŒãã³å¹ç ïŒ94ïŒ ïŒç¬¬ïŒãµã€ã¯ã«ïŒ ãµã€ã¯ã«æ° ïŒïŒ äœåæéã®è¿äŒŒæ° ïŒ450ä»¥äž ïŒåã®å®å šãªãµã€ã¯ã«åŸãã¢ããŒãã厩å£ãã
ããé»æ± ã¯äœ¿çšã§ããªããªã€ãã äžèšã®å®éšäŸã¯å é»ç¶æ ã§ããããã«ãœãŒãã¯
ã°ã©ãã¢ã€ãïŒFe3O4æ··åç©ã®åœ¢æ ã«ããé»æ± ã«
è² è·ãããããã®ã§ãããé»æ± ã«è² è·ããããã
ããšé»æ± ã¯æŸé»ã§ããç¶æ ã«ããããã®åŸåšæç
ã«å æŸé»ããããé»æ± ã®å é»ã¯é»è§£è³ªã®é»è§£åã¯
厩å£é»å§æªæºã®é»å§ã§å®æœãããé»æ± ã®åæã®å
é»ïŒæŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«ã®éã«ãã«ãœãŒãã®Fe3O4ã¯æŽ»
æ§åããæ¬çºæã®ã«ãœãŒãã®å®å®ãã€äžæŽ»æ§ãªäž
次å 骚çµæ§é ãšãªã€ãããã®åŸã«ãœãŒãã¯å®å®å
ããå®åžžç¶æ ã§ã®é»æ± ã®äœ¿çšæã«çµãå é»ïŒæŸé»
ãµã€ã¯ã«äžã«çããéåžžã®å€å以å€ã®å€åã¯èªã
ããããã«ãœãŒãã¯äºæ¬¡çãªæå³ã§å¯éçã«äœå
ããã æ¬çºæã®é»æ± ã§ãæŽã«äžé£ã®å®éšãå®æœããã
é»æ± ã®ã¢ããŒããšããŠãªããŠã âã¢ã«ãããŠã å
éãé»è§£è³ªãšããŠLiClïŒKClãçšããé»æ± ã420
âã§é«æž©å¯éé»æ± å³ã¡äºæ¬¡é»æ± ãšããŠäœåãã
ããçµæã第衚ã«ç€ºãã
ãè¡šã
ã®äœäž åŽ©å£ ãã¹ã«
㌠ã®äœ¿çšåŸ ã®äœ¿çšåŸ æ¥è§Šåæ
ã®è 觊
åæ åæ
㌠ã®äœ¿çšåŸ ã®äœ¿çšåŸ æ¥è§Šåæ
ã®è 觊
åæ åæ
ãè¡šã
äžæ¢çç± æ¥µããŠäœ 極ããŠäœ ã¢ããŒ
ã 䜿çšåŸå ã«ãœãŒã é°æ¥µã®äœ¿
æ§èœ æ§èœ 厩å£
æ ã®äœ¿çšåŸ çšåŸåæ
åæ
ã 䜿çšåŸå ã«ãœãŒã é°æ¥µã®äœ¿
æ§èœ æ§èœ 厩å£
æ ã®äœ¿çšåŸ çšåŸåæ
åæ
ãè¡šã
äžæ¢çç± ã«ãœãŒã â
â â â â
ã®äœ¿çšåŸ
åæ
ïŒ ïŒå ã®æ°åã¯ãµã€ã¯ã«æ°ã瀺ããã«ãœãŒã
å©çšçïŒ ã¯é žåç©éªšçµæ§é å ã®é·ç§»éå±ã€ãªã³ã®
éå±ãžã®å®å šãªéå ãããšã«èšç®ãããïŒå°ã¯é»
æ± ããªãäœåäžã§ããããšãæå³ããã åã«ãèšèŒãããã第衚ã®é»æ± ãåæã®å
é»ïŒæŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«ãåããŠã«ãœãŒãã®é žåç©åºçº
ææã掻æ§åããå®å®ãªäžæ¬¡å 骚çµæ§é ã«å€åã
ããšããã以åŸã®å¯éçã«äœåããããšãç¥èŠã
ããŠããæ£åžžãªäœ¿çšæã®å æŸé»äžã®éåžžã®é»æ± å
å¿ãé€ããŠã¯åèšæ§é ã¯é»æ± ç°å¢äžã§å®å®ã§ã
ãã åèšå®éšãããã¹ããã«åæ§é ãæããCr3O4
ã«å€åããªããšæãããã³ã©ã³ãã åæ§é ãæã
ãCr2O3ã¯ãäŸãã°Î±âFe2O3ã«æ¯ããŠæ¯èŒç䟡
å€ã®ãªãã«ãœãŒãåºçºææã§ããããšãç¥èŠãã
ãã æåŸã«äžæ¬¡é»æ± ã«ããããã®æçšæ§ã瀺ããã
ã«ïŒäž»ã«äºæ¬¡é»æ± ã«ãã®äž»ãªæçšæ§ãããã§ãã
ããïŒãæ¬çºæã®ã«ãœãŒãææã200âã®äœå枩床
ã§LiAlCl4溶èå¡©é»è§£è³ªãæããåèšäžè¬åã®äž
次é»æ± ã§äœ¿çšãããçµæã第衚ã«ç€ºãã第衚 å®éšçªå· 16 ã«ãœãŒãåºçºææ Fe2O3 æ§é å ã³ã©ã³ãã éæŸé»æµïŒïŒ¶ïŒ 1.82 ç絡é»æµïŒïŒ¡ïŒ 2.3 æŸé»é»æµïŒmAïŒ 30 ã«ãããªãéçïŒïŒ¶ïŒïŒäžéïŒ 1.0 é»å§ãã©ããŒïŒæŸé»ïŒ 1.7â1.2 æ倧æŸé»å®¹éïŒïŒ¡âhrïŒgmïŒ 0.2 æ倧ã«ãœãŒãå©çšçïŒïŒ ïŒ 20 ç·ãµã€ã¯ã« ïŒ ç·æéæ° 20æé äžæ¢çç± å é»äžèœãªäžæ¬¡é»æ± ã«ãœãŒã骚çµæ§é ã«é¢ããŠã¯ããã®æ§é ã¯é£ç¶
çãªäžæ¬¡å 骚çµæ§é ãå³ã¡åºçºé žåç©ãã掻æ§å
ã«ãã圢æãããéèæ¿ïŒnonâlamellarïŒæ§é
ã§ãããšèãããããæŸé»äžãåèšæ§é ã¯ã¢ããŒ
ãããã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã€ãªã³ãšã該ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±
ã€ãªã³ãã«ãœãŒãäžã«äŸµå ¥ããããšã«ããåå¿ã
åŸãã掻æ§åã«ã¯ãäžæ¬¡å é žåç©éªšçµæ§é ãäžã
ãã¹ãã«ãœãŒãããç©è³ªãé€å»ãããããšãå«ãŸ
ãããåŸã€ãŠæŸé»ã¯æŽ»æ§åããã骚çµæ§é ãžã®ã¢
ã«ã«ãªéå±ïŒã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã€ãªã³ã®æ¿å ¥ãå«
ãŸãããã«ãœãŒãã®å é»ç¶æ ãéšåçã«å é»ãã
ãç¶æ åã³éšåçã«æŸé»ãããç¶æ ã«ãããŠãå
èšã®å®å®ãªäžæ¬¡å 骚çµæ§é ã¯å€å°å€åœ¢ãã圢æ ã§
èªãããåŸãããã®æ§é ã¯400âãŸã§åã³ãã以
äžã®æž©åºŠã§å®å®ã§ããããã€ã¯ãã¢ã¬ããŠã©ãŒã·
ãŒãåã¯ã¢ãããã¯ã·ãŒãã®åœ¢æ ã«ããå€åæ§ã
æãããšèãããããåŸã€ãŠãã®æ§é ã¯ãæŸé»å
ã³å é»äžã«ããããã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ïŒã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡
éå±ã€ãªã³ãå容ãæŸåºããå ŽåãååãŸãã¯ã€
ãªã³ã¬ãã«ã§æ¬è³ªçã«äžæ¬¡å çã«äœçšããããã®
ããšã«ãããFeOClã®åŠãèæ¿ç¶åã¯æ¿å ¥é žåç©
ã«ãœãŒãã®ãå®è³ªçã«äºæ¬¡å çãªäœåã«æ¯ããŠã
ã¢ã³ãã¢âæéïŒã°ã©ã ã®ç¹ã§ææã«æ¹è¯ããã
çµæåã³å®¹éãåŸãããã αâFe2O3ã«ç±æ¥ããã¢ããŒããæããé»æ± ã®
䜿çšåŸã®åæã§ãé»æ± ãéšåçã«æŸé»ããããšã
Fe2O3ãšFe3O4ã®äž¡æ¹ã®ã©ã€ã³ãç·åæãã¿ãŒ
ã³äžã«ååšããããšãç¥èŠãããããã®ããšã¯
Fe2O3ã³ã©ã³ãã æ§é ããFe3O4ã¹ããã«åæ§é
ãžã®å€åãå³ã¡éªšçµæ§é ã«ãããéœã€ãªã³ãšé°ã€
ãªã³ã®åé åã瀺åããããã®å€åã¯äžåã®äžäŸ¡
ã®ééœã€ãªã³ããäºäŸ¡éœã€ãªã³ãžã®éå ã«ããã
äžåã®é»åã®ç§»åãå¿ èŠãšããã®ã¿ã§ããã®ã§ã
ãã®å€åãé»æ± åå¿ã«ãããé»åå šäœç§»åã®åå
ãšãªãããªãããªããªãæŸé»å®¹éã¯ïŒåã¯ïŒåãŸ
ã§ã®é»åã®ç§»åã瀺ããŠããããã§ããããã®ã
ãšã¯ããã®æŸé»ãïŒåã¯ïŒåã®é»åã«éããé·æ
éã®ãµã€ã¯ã«ã®å¯éæ§ãä¿æããã€åŽ©å£ãåé¿ã
ãŠããã¹ã«ãã¹ããã«ã«ç±æ¥ããã«ãœãŒãåã³
âããã³ãºâãšããŠç¥ãããŠããã¹ããã«åé·ç§»
éå±é žåç©ã䜿çšããŠããã«ãœãŒããšå¯Ÿç §çã§ã
ããDickensãšWhitting hamã®Quart.Rev.
Chem.Soc.22ïŒ30ïŒ1968ïŒã«ããã°ã âããã³ãºâãªãçšèªã¯äžè¬åŒMâ²xMâ³yOz åŒäžã(i) Mâ³ã¯é·ç§»éå±ã (ii) Mâ³yOzã¯æãå€éã«å«ãŸããäºæ
åé žåç©ã (iii) Mâ²ã¯ä»ã®éå±ã (iv) ïœã¯ïŒä¹è³ïŒã®ç¯å²ã®å€æ°ïŒœ ãæã€äžæåéå±é žåç©ã瀺ããã®ã§ããããã®
ãããªååç©ã¯æ¬¡ã®ç¹æ§ãæããã (a) éå±æ§ãåå°é»æ§ã«ãããããé«ãå°é»æ§ã
æããã (b) 極ããŠæ¿ãè²ãæããçµæ¶åœ¢æ ã§éå±æ§å æ²¢
ã瀺ãã (c) ååŠçã«äžæŽ»æ§ã§ããã (d) ïœã®å€åã«åŸã€ãŠæ確ãã€æã«åºç¯å²ã«å質
ãªåºäœçžãé£ç¶çã«çèµ·ããã ç±ååŠçèŠå°ãããããçã¯æãåçŽã«ã¯ãã¹
ãé žåç©Mâ³yOzã®ãããªãã¯ã¹äžã®éå±Mâ²ã®æº¶
液ãšã¿ãªãããããã®ãããªããã³ãºã®åŒã«ãã
ãŠã¯ïœãïŒæªæºã§ãªããã°ãªããªãã®ã§ãååŠåŒ
åäœåœãïŒåã®ã€ãªã³ã®ã¿æ¿å ¥ããããšãå¯èœã§
ãã€ãŠããã®ã¹ããã«åæ§é ã¯ãã®ãŸãŸæ®ããã
ãçã¯æ¬çºæã®åªããã«ãœãŒãã«æ¯ããŠæ¥µããŠå£
ã€ãŠãããåŸã€ãŠæ¬çºæã®ã«ãœãŒãã®ã¹ããã«å
æ§é ã®ãå€åœ¢ãããã¹ããã«æ§é åã¯ãã®ä»ã®æ§
é ãžã®åé åã¯åŠå®ã§ããªããå³ã¡ãã¹ããã«æ§
é ãžã®ãªããŠã éœã€ãªã³ã®æ¿å ¥ã®ã¿ããæŸé»ã¡ã«
ããºã ã«å¯Ÿããå¯äžã®å¯èœæ§ã§ã¯ãªããšããããš
ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æŽ»æ§åãããã«ãœãŒãæ§é ã®ã¢ã¬ããŠ
ã©ãŒã·ãŒãæ§ã®æ§è³ªã¯ã70â100â«åäœæªæºã®æ
倧ååŸãæãåŸã30â50â«åäœæªæºãå žåçã«ã¯
åãäžå®ã®å€§ãããæããå¿ èŠããªãç¹ãé€ããŠ
ãŒãªã©ã€ããšé¡äŒŒã®ïŒâ20â«åäœã®ååŸãæãåŸ
ãããããã®åã¯ã掻æ§åäžã«åºçºææããçæ
ãããçš®ã«ããçºçãããšèãããããããã
ã¯ãé»è§£è³ªã«ããã«ãœãŒãæ§é ã®å€ã«æº¶è§£ããã
æãã¯å°ãªããšã掻æ§åäžã«ã«ãœãŒãæ§é ããè±
é¢ãããã«ãœãŒãæ§é ã®åŸ®åæ§ã«ãããé»æ± å ã«
ããããããã®äžæ¬¡å çäœåãä¿é²ãããããã«
ãã瀺ãããæœåšçã«éåžžã«å€§ããè¡šé¢ç©ãé»è§£
質åã³ïŒåã¯ã¢ããŒãããã®ãªããŠã ã€ãªã³ã®åŠ
ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã€ãªã³ãšã®åå¿ã«ïŒæŸé»äžã®ã«ãœ
ãŒããžæ¿å ¥ãŸãã¯æµžéåã³å é»äžã®é¢è±ã«ããïŒ
å©çšããåŸãããã®ããšãå®éšã§ç€ºãããéåžžã«
é«ãå©çšå®¹éã®æ°åã®èª¬æãšãªãã§ããããã«ãœ
ãŒãæ§é ããåã¯ã«ãœãŒãæ§é ãžã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±
ã€ãªã³ã®è±é¢åã¯æ¿å ¥ãããããå«ãå é»åã³æŸ
é»ã¯ãå é»äžã®ã«ãœãŒãæ§é ã®ããã²ã³ååã³æŸ
é»äžã®è©²ããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ã®æ§é ããã®é¢è±ã«ãã
ããããè£è¶³ããããã®ãšèããããã
â â â â
ã®äœ¿çšåŸ
åæ
ïŒ ïŒå ã®æ°åã¯ãµã€ã¯ã«æ°ã瀺ããã«ãœãŒã
å©çšçïŒ ã¯é žåç©éªšçµæ§é å ã®é·ç§»éå±ã€ãªã³ã®
éå±ãžã®å®å šãªéå ãããšã«èšç®ãããïŒå°ã¯é»
æ± ããªãäœåäžã§ããããšãæå³ããã åã«ãèšèŒãããã第衚ã®é»æ± ãåæã®å
é»ïŒæŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«ãåããŠã«ãœãŒãã®é žåç©åºçº
ææã掻æ§åããå®å®ãªäžæ¬¡å 骚çµæ§é ã«å€åã
ããšããã以åŸã®å¯éçã«äœåããããšãç¥èŠã
ããŠããæ£åžžãªäœ¿çšæã®å æŸé»äžã®éåžžã®é»æ± å
å¿ãé€ããŠã¯åèšæ§é ã¯é»æ± ç°å¢äžã§å®å®ã§ã
ãã åèšå®éšãããã¹ããã«åæ§é ãæããCr3O4
ã«å€åããªããšæãããã³ã©ã³ãã åæ§é ãæã
ãCr2O3ã¯ãäŸãã°Î±âFe2O3ã«æ¯ããŠæ¯èŒç䟡
å€ã®ãªãã«ãœãŒãåºçºææã§ããããšãç¥èŠãã
ãã æåŸã«äžæ¬¡é»æ± ã«ããããã®æçšæ§ã瀺ããã
ã«ïŒäž»ã«äºæ¬¡é»æ± ã«ãã®äž»ãªæçšæ§ãããã§ãã
ããïŒãæ¬çºæã®ã«ãœãŒãææã200âã®äœå枩床
ã§LiAlCl4溶èå¡©é»è§£è³ªãæããåèšäžè¬åã®äž
次é»æ± ã§äœ¿çšãããçµæã第衚ã«ç€ºãã第衚 å®éšçªå· 16 ã«ãœãŒãåºçºææ Fe2O3 æ§é å ã³ã©ã³ãã éæŸé»æµïŒïŒ¶ïŒ 1.82 ç絡é»æµïŒïŒ¡ïŒ 2.3 æŸé»é»æµïŒmAïŒ 30 ã«ãããªãéçïŒïŒ¶ïŒïŒäžéïŒ 1.0 é»å§ãã©ããŒïŒæŸé»ïŒ 1.7â1.2 æ倧æŸé»å®¹éïŒïŒ¡âhrïŒgmïŒ 0.2 æ倧ã«ãœãŒãå©çšçïŒïŒ ïŒ 20 ç·ãµã€ã¯ã« ïŒ ç·æéæ° 20æé äžæ¢çç± å é»äžèœãªäžæ¬¡é»æ± ã«ãœãŒã骚çµæ§é ã«é¢ããŠã¯ããã®æ§é ã¯é£ç¶
çãªäžæ¬¡å 骚çµæ§é ãå³ã¡åºçºé žåç©ãã掻æ§å
ã«ãã圢æãããéèæ¿ïŒnonâlamellarïŒæ§é
ã§ãããšèãããããæŸé»äžãåèšæ§é ã¯ã¢ããŒ
ãããã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã€ãªã³ãšã該ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±
ã€ãªã³ãã«ãœãŒãäžã«äŸµå ¥ããããšã«ããåå¿ã
åŸãã掻æ§åã«ã¯ãäžæ¬¡å é žåç©éªšçµæ§é ãäžã
ãã¹ãã«ãœãŒãããç©è³ªãé€å»ãããããšãå«ãŸ
ãããåŸã€ãŠæŸé»ã¯æŽ»æ§åããã骚çµæ§é ãžã®ã¢
ã«ã«ãªéå±ïŒã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã€ãªã³ã®æ¿å ¥ãå«
ãŸãããã«ãœãŒãã®å é»ç¶æ ãéšåçã«å é»ãã
ãç¶æ åã³éšåçã«æŸé»ãããç¶æ ã«ãããŠãå
èšã®å®å®ãªäžæ¬¡å 骚çµæ§é ã¯å€å°å€åœ¢ãã圢æ ã§
èªãããåŸãããã®æ§é ã¯400âãŸã§åã³ãã以
äžã®æž©åºŠã§å®å®ã§ããããã€ã¯ãã¢ã¬ããŠã©ãŒã·
ãŒãåã¯ã¢ãããã¯ã·ãŒãã®åœ¢æ ã«ããå€åæ§ã
æãããšèãããããåŸã€ãŠãã®æ§é ã¯ãæŸé»å
ã³å é»äžã«ããããã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ïŒã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡
éå±ã€ãªã³ãå容ãæŸåºããå ŽåãååãŸãã¯ã€
ãªã³ã¬ãã«ã§æ¬è³ªçã«äžæ¬¡å çã«äœçšããããã®
ããšã«ãããFeOClã®åŠãèæ¿ç¶åã¯æ¿å ¥é žåç©
ã«ãœãŒãã®ãå®è³ªçã«äºæ¬¡å çãªäœåã«æ¯ããŠã
ã¢ã³ãã¢âæéïŒã°ã©ã ã®ç¹ã§ææã«æ¹è¯ããã
çµæåã³å®¹éãåŸãããã αâFe2O3ã«ç±æ¥ããã¢ããŒããæããé»æ± ã®
䜿çšåŸã®åæã§ãé»æ± ãéšåçã«æŸé»ããããšã
Fe2O3ãšFe3O4ã®äž¡æ¹ã®ã©ã€ã³ãç·åæãã¿ãŒ
ã³äžã«ååšããããšãç¥èŠãããããã®ããšã¯
Fe2O3ã³ã©ã³ãã æ§é ããFe3O4ã¹ããã«åæ§é
ãžã®å€åãå³ã¡éªšçµæ§é ã«ãããéœã€ãªã³ãšé°ã€
ãªã³ã®åé åã瀺åããããã®å€åã¯äžåã®äžäŸ¡
ã®ééœã€ãªã³ããäºäŸ¡éœã€ãªã³ãžã®éå ã«ããã
äžåã®é»åã®ç§»åãå¿ èŠãšããã®ã¿ã§ããã®ã§ã
ãã®å€åãé»æ± åå¿ã«ãããé»åå šäœç§»åã®åå
ãšãªãããªãããªããªãæŸé»å®¹éã¯ïŒåã¯ïŒåãŸ
ã§ã®é»åã®ç§»åã瀺ããŠããããã§ããããã®ã
ãšã¯ããã®æŸé»ãïŒåã¯ïŒåã®é»åã«éããé·æ
éã®ãµã€ã¯ã«ã®å¯éæ§ãä¿æããã€åŽ©å£ãåé¿ã
ãŠããã¹ã«ãã¹ããã«ã«ç±æ¥ããã«ãœãŒãåã³
âããã³ãºâãšããŠç¥ãããŠããã¹ããã«åé·ç§»
éå±é žåç©ã䜿çšããŠããã«ãœãŒããšå¯Ÿç §çã§ã
ããDickensãšWhitting hamã®Quart.Rev.
Chem.Soc.22ïŒ30ïŒ1968ïŒã«ããã°ã âããã³ãºâãªãçšèªã¯äžè¬åŒMâ²xMâ³yOz åŒäžã(i) Mâ³ã¯é·ç§»éå±ã (ii) Mâ³yOzã¯æãå€éã«å«ãŸããäºæ
åé žåç©ã (iii) Mâ²ã¯ä»ã®éå±ã (iv) ïœã¯ïŒä¹è³ïŒã®ç¯å²ã®å€æ°ïŒœ ãæã€äžæåéå±é žåç©ã瀺ããã®ã§ããããã®
ãããªååç©ã¯æ¬¡ã®ç¹æ§ãæããã (a) éå±æ§ãåå°é»æ§ã«ãããããé«ãå°é»æ§ã
æããã (b) 極ããŠæ¿ãè²ãæããçµæ¶åœ¢æ ã§éå±æ§å æ²¢
ã瀺ãã (c) ååŠçã«äžæŽ»æ§ã§ããã (d) ïœã®å€åã«åŸã€ãŠæ確ãã€æã«åºç¯å²ã«å質
ãªåºäœçžãé£ç¶çã«çèµ·ããã ç±ååŠçèŠå°ãããããçã¯æãåçŽã«ã¯ãã¹
ãé žåç©Mâ³yOzã®ãããªãã¯ã¹äžã®éå±Mâ²ã®æº¶
液ãšã¿ãªãããããã®ãããªããã³ãºã®åŒã«ãã
ãŠã¯ïœãïŒæªæºã§ãªããã°ãªããªãã®ã§ãååŠåŒ
åäœåœãïŒåã®ã€ãªã³ã®ã¿æ¿å ¥ããããšãå¯èœã§
ãã€ãŠããã®ã¹ããã«åæ§é ã¯ãã®ãŸãŸæ®ããã
ãçã¯æ¬çºæã®åªããã«ãœãŒãã«æ¯ããŠæ¥µããŠå£
ã€ãŠãããåŸã€ãŠæ¬çºæã®ã«ãœãŒãã®ã¹ããã«å
æ§é ã®ãå€åœ¢ãããã¹ããã«æ§é åã¯ãã®ä»ã®æ§
é ãžã®åé åã¯åŠå®ã§ããªããå³ã¡ãã¹ããã«æ§
é ãžã®ãªããŠã éœã€ãªã³ã®æ¿å ¥ã®ã¿ããæŸé»ã¡ã«
ããºã ã«å¯Ÿããå¯äžã®å¯èœæ§ã§ã¯ãªããšããããš
ã§ããã æ¬çºæã®æŽ»æ§åãããã«ãœãŒãæ§é ã®ã¢ã¬ããŠ
ã©ãŒã·ãŒãæ§ã®æ§è³ªã¯ã70â100â«åäœæªæºã®æ
倧ååŸãæãåŸã30â50â«åäœæªæºãå žåçã«ã¯
åãäžå®ã®å€§ãããæããå¿ èŠããªãç¹ãé€ããŠ
ãŒãªã©ã€ããšé¡äŒŒã®ïŒâ20â«åäœã®ååŸãæãåŸ
ãããããã®åã¯ã掻æ§åäžã«åºçºææããçæ
ãããçš®ã«ããçºçãããšèãããããããã
ã¯ãé»è§£è³ªã«ããã«ãœãŒãæ§é ã®å€ã«æº¶è§£ããã
æãã¯å°ãªããšã掻æ§åäžã«ã«ãœãŒãæ§é ããè±
é¢ãããã«ãœãŒãæ§é ã®åŸ®åæ§ã«ãããé»æ± å ã«
ããããããã®äžæ¬¡å çäœåãä¿é²ãããããã«
ãã瀺ãããæœåšçã«éåžžã«å€§ããè¡šé¢ç©ãé»è§£
質åã³ïŒåã¯ã¢ããŒãããã®ãªããŠã ã€ãªã³ã®åŠ
ãã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ã€ãªã³ãšã®åå¿ã«ïŒæŸé»äžã®ã«ãœ
ãŒããžæ¿å ¥ãŸãã¯æµžéåã³å é»äžã®é¢è±ã«ããïŒ
å©çšããåŸãããã®ããšãå®éšã§ç€ºãããéåžžã«
é«ãå©çšå®¹éã®æ°åã®èª¬æãšãªãã§ããããã«ãœ
ãŒãæ§é ããåã¯ã«ãœãŒãæ§é ãžã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±
ã€ãªã³ã®è±é¢åã¯æ¿å ¥ãããããå«ãå é»åã³æŸ
é»ã¯ãå é»äžã®ã«ãœãŒãæ§é ã®ããã²ã³ååã³æŸ
é»äžã®è©²ããã²ã³ã€ãªã³ã®æ§é ããã®é¢è±ã«ãã
ããããè£è¶³ããããã®ãšèããããã
Claims (1)
- ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã ïŒ äºæ¬¡é»æ°ååŠé»æ± ã«é©ããã«ãœãŒãã®è£œé æ¹
æ³ã§ãã€ãŠãäžè¬åŒAB2O4åŒäžãåã¯ïŒ¢ã®å°
ãªããšãïŒã€ãé·ç§»éå±ã§ãããåã³ïŒ¢ã®åã
ãTiïŒïŒ¶ïŒCrïŒMnïŒFeïŒCoïŒNiïŒCuïŒZnïŒ
Mgåã³Alãããªã矀ããéžã°ããïŒäŸ¡ãïŒäŸ¡å
ã¯ïŒäŸ¡ã®éå±éœã€ãªã³ïŒœã§ç€ºãããã¹ããã«åæ§
é åã¯ãªããœã¹ããã«åæ§é ãæããïŒçš®ä»¥äžã®
é žåç©ãé»æ°ååŠé»æ± å ã§è€æ°ã®å é»ïŒæŸé»ãµã€
ã¯ã«ã«ãããããšãããªãã該é»æ± ã«ãããŠã¯ã
åèšé žåç©ã¯ã«ãœãŒããšããŠå é»ïŒæŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«
ã«ããããããã®ã§ãããã¢ããŒãã¯å°ãªããšã
ïŒçš®ã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ãããã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã®
åç¬åã¯ããããšé»æ°ååŠçã«äžæŽ»æ§ãªä»ã®éå±
ãšã®æ··åç©ãããã¯åéãããªããé»è§£è³ªã¯ã¢ã«
ã«ãªéå±ããã²ã³åç©åã³ïŒåã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡é
å±ããã²ã³åç©ã§ãã€ãŠåèšé žåç©ã®æŽ»æ§åã®éŸ
å€é»å§ãããé«ãé»è§£éŸå€é»å§ãæãããã®ã§ã
ãåèšæ¹æ³ã ïŒ åèšåŒAB2O4ã§ç€ºãããã¹ããã«åæ§é ã
ã«ãœãŒã補é ã®åºçºææã§ãããçŽæ¥åèšé»æ°å
åŠçå é»ïŒæŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«ã«ãããããããšãç¹åŸŽ
ãšããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ åŒAB2O4ã§ç€ºãããã¹ããã«åæ§é ãäžé
çæç©ã§ããã åŒABO3ãæããã³ã©ã³ãã åæ§é ã åŒABO3ãæãããã¯ã¹ãåæ§é ã åŒïŒ¡ïŒïŒ¢ïŒïŒ¯ãæãã岩塩åæ§é ã åŒA2BO5ãæããåœãããã«ã€ãåæ§é ãå
ã³åŒABO3ãæããã€ã«ã¡ãã€ãåæ§é åŒäžã
åã¯ïŒ¢ã®å°ãªããšãïŒã€ãé·ç§»éå±ã§ããã
åã³ïŒ¢ã®åã ãTiïŒïŒ¶ïŒCrïŒMnïŒFeïŒCoïŒNiïŒ
CuïŒZnïŒMgåã³Alãããªã矀ããéžã°ããïŒ
䟡ãïŒäŸ¡åã¯ïŒäŸ¡ã®éå±éœã€ãªã³ïŒœãããªã矀ã
ãéžã°ããåºçºç©è³ªããåŸããããã®ã§ããããš
ãç¹åŸŽãšããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ ïŒ åºçºææãåŒABO3ãæããã³ã©ã³ãã åæ§
é ããã€ããšãç¹åŸŽãšããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé
èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ ïŒ¡ãFeïŒCoåã¯Mnã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšãã
ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé ã第ïŒé ã®ããããã«èšèŒ
ã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ ïŒ¢ãFeïŒTiïŒCoåã¯Mnã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽ
ãšããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé ã第ïŒé ã®ãããã
ã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ é»æ°ååŠçå é»ïŒæŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«äžã®æŸé»ãµã€
ã¯ã«ãå®å šã«è¡ãªãããåŸãããã«ãœãŒãã®äžæ¬¡
å 骚çµæ§é ã®èš±å®¹ããã以äžã®ç Žå£ãèµ·ããªãã
ãã«æŸé»ãå¶éããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®
ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé ã第ïŒé ã®ããããã«èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ æŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«ã«ãããæŸé»ãçè«å®¹éã®80ïŒ
ã«å¶éããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒ
é ã®èšèŒã®æ¹æ³ã ïŒ åŒAB2O4åŒäžãåã¯ïŒ¢ã®å°ãªããšãïŒã€
ãé·ç§»éå±ã§ãããåã³ïŒ¢ã®åã ãTiïŒïŒ¶ïŒ
CrïŒMnïŒFeïŒCoïŒNiïŒCuïŒZnïŒMgåã³Alã
ããªã矀ããéžã°ããïŒäŸ¡ãïŒäŸ¡åã¯ïŒäŸ¡ã®éå±
éœã€ãªã³ïŒœã§ç€ºãããã¹ããã«åæ§é åã¯ãªããœ
ã¹ããã«åæ§é ãæããïŒçš®ä»¥äžã®é žåç©ãé»æ°
ååŠé»æ± å ã§è€æ°ã®å é»ïŒæŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«ã«ããã
ããšã«ãã€ãŠè£œé ãããäºæ¬¡é»æ°ååŠé»æ± ã«äœ¿çš
ããã«ãœãŒãã§ãã€ãŠã該é»æ± ã«ãããŠã¯ãåèš
é žåç©ã¯ã«ãœãŒããšããŠå é»ïŒæŸé»ãµã€ã¯ã«ã«ã
ãããããã®ã§ãããã¢ããŒãã¯å°ãªããšãïŒçš®
ã®ã¢ã«ã«ãªéå±ãããã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã®åç¬
åã¯ããããšé»æ°ååŠçã«äžæŽ»æ§ãªä»ã®éå±ãšã®
æ··åç©ãããã¯åéãããªããé»è§£è³ªã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãª
éå±ããã²ã³åç©åã³ïŒåã¯ã¢ã«ã«ãªåé¡éå±ã
ãã²ã³åç©ã§ããåèšé žåç©ã®æŽ»æ§åã®éŸå€é»å§
ãããé«ãé»è§£éŸå€é»å§ãæãããã®ã§ããã該
ã«ãœãŒãã¯å éšãã€ããã€ãŒãå«ãå®å®ãªäžæ¬¡å
骚çµæ§é ã®åœ¢æ ãæãã該ãã€ããã€ãŒã¯äºãã«
äžæ¬¡å çã«çµåãã«ãœãŒãç©è³ªã®è¡šé¢ã«éå£ããŠ
ãããã®ã§ããåèšã«ãœãŒãã ïŒïŒ ã«ãœãŒãããã®ææäœå枩床ã§ã«ã¬ã³ãã³
ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒãšããŠäœåããã®ã«æå¹ãªé»åäŒå°æ§æ
æãå«ãã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²
第ïŒé èšèŒã®ã«ãœãŒãã ïŒïŒ åèšé»åäŒå°æ§ææãTiCåã¯ã°ã©ãã¢ã€
ãã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒïŒ
é èšèŒã®ã«ãœãŒãã
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA795963 | 1979-11-06 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5682574A JPS5682574A (en) | 1981-07-06 |
| JPH0324741B2 true JPH0324741B2 (ja) | 1991-04-04 |
Family
ID=25574356
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP15574780A Granted JPS5682574A (en) | 1979-11-06 | 1980-11-05 | Method of manufacturing cathode adapted for secondary electrochemical battery |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5682574A (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4501181B2 (ja) * | 1999-08-31 | 2010-07-14 | ãœããŒæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | éæ°Žé»è§£è³ªé»æ± åã³ãã®è£œé æ¹æ³ |
| WO2010146777A1 (ja) * | 2009-06-15 | 2010-12-23 | ãããœããã¯æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ãªããŠã ã€ãªã³äºæ¬¡é»æ± çšè² 極掻ç©è³ªããã³ãããçšãããªããŠã ã€ãªã³äºæ¬¡é»æ± |
| WO2010146776A1 (ja) * | 2009-06-15 | 2010-12-23 | ãããœããã¯æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ãªããŠã ã€ãªã³äºæ¬¡é»æ± çšè² 極掻ç©è³ªããã³ãããçšãããªããŠã ã€ãªã³äºæ¬¡é»æ± |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4507371A (en) * | 1982-06-02 | 1985-03-26 | South African Inventions Development Corporation | Solid state cell wherein an anode, solid electrolyte and cathode each comprise a cubic-close-packed framework structure |
| JPS60212959A (ja) * | 1984-04-06 | 1985-10-25 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | éæ°Žé»è§£è³ªïŒæ¬¡é»æ± |
| US4546058A (en) * | 1984-12-12 | 1985-10-08 | Energy Research Corporation | Nickel electrode for alkaline batteries |
| JP2611265B2 (ja) * | 1987-10-17 | 1997-05-21 | ãœããŒæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | éæ°Žé»è§£æ¶²äºæ¬¡é»æ± |
| JPH06163080A (ja) * | 1992-11-19 | 1994-06-10 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | äºæ¬¡é»æ± |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4873729A (ja) * | 1972-01-12 | 1973-10-04 | ||
| JPS5147552A (ja) * | 1974-10-23 | 1976-04-23 | Tdk Electronics Co Ltd | Denkiboshokuyoshoketsutaidenkyoku |
-
1980
- 1980-11-05 JP JP15574780A patent/JPS5682574A/ja active Granted
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4873729A (ja) * | 1972-01-12 | 1973-10-04 | ||
| JPS5147552A (ja) * | 1974-10-23 | 1976-04-23 | Tdk Electronics Co Ltd | Denkiboshokuyoshoketsutaidenkyoku |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4501181B2 (ja) * | 1999-08-31 | 2010-07-14 | ãœããŒæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | éæ°Žé»è§£è³ªé»æ± åã³ãã®è£œé æ¹æ³ |
| WO2010146777A1 (ja) * | 2009-06-15 | 2010-12-23 | ãããœããã¯æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ãªããŠã ã€ãªã³äºæ¬¡é»æ± çšè² 極掻ç©è³ªããã³ãããçšãããªããŠã ã€ãªã³äºæ¬¡é»æ± |
| WO2010146776A1 (ja) * | 2009-06-15 | 2010-12-23 | ãããœããã¯æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ãªããŠã ã€ãªã³äºæ¬¡é»æ± çšè² 極掻ç©è³ªããã³ãããçšãããªããŠã ã€ãªã³äºæ¬¡é»æ± |
| JP5147951B2 (ja) * | 2009-06-15 | 2013-02-20 | ãããœããã¯æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿ | ãªããŠã ã€ãªã³äºæ¬¡é»æ± çšè² 極掻ç©è³ªããã³ãããçšãããªããŠã ã€ãªã³äºæ¬¡é»æ± |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5682574A (en) | 1981-07-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4366215A (en) | Electrochemical cell | |
| Bones et al. | A sodium/iron (II) chloride cell with a beta alumina electrolyte | |
| US4287268A (en) | Electrode for an electrochemical cell, and an electrochemical cell | |
| JP4214564B2 (ja) | ä»çš®å çŽ ãå«æããã¹ããã«æ§é ãªããŠã ãã³ã¬ã³ç³»é žåç©ããã³ãã®è£œé æ¹æ³äžŠã³ã«ãã®çšé | |
| Notten et al. | On the nature of the electrochemical cycling stability of non-stoichiometric LaNi5-based hydride-forming compounds Part I. crystallography and electrochemistry | |
| EP0885845B1 (en) | Spinel-type lithium-manganese oxide containing heteroelements, preparation process and use thereof | |
| US4159962A (en) | Method of preparing layered chalcogenides | |
| GB2122412A (en) | Solid state cell comprising spinel | |
| JP2001048547A (ja) | ã¹ããã«åãªããŠã ã»ãã³ã¬ã³è€åé žåç©ããã®è£œé æ¹æ³ããã³çšé | |
| KR102192904B1 (ko) | ì€ëŠ¬ìœ ëë ž ì ì-êžì ì êž° 곚격 ë³µí©ì²Ž, ê·ž ì ì¡° ë°©ë², ë° ê·žë¥Œ í¬íšíë 늬í¬ìŽìšì ì§ | |
| WO2018176063A2 (en) | A stabilized birnessite cathode for high power and high energy density applications | |
| CN100448069C (zh) | çšäºäºæ¬¡ç¢±æ§çµååŠåçµæºéé³æçæ°§åé¢å€çè¿çé¶ç·å¯Œäœ | |
| JPH0324741B2 (ja) | ||
| JPS6318839B2 (ja) | ||
| Mandai et al. | Room temperature operation of magnesium rechargeable batteries with a hydrothermally treated ZnMnO3 defect spinel cathode | |
| KR20220022462A (ko) | 묎ì§ì ììŒ ë¬Œì§ì ê°ë ìºìë ë° ìºìë륌 íì±íë ë°©ë² | |
| CN100442577C (zh) | æ£æ掻æ§ç©èŽšåå ¶å¶é æ¹æ³ã以åéäºæ¬¡çµæ± çæ£æåéäºæ¬¡çµæ± | |
| JPH04198028A (ja) | ãªããŠã ãã³ã¬ã³è€åé žåç©ã®è£œé æ¹æ³åã³ãã®çšé | |
| EP4048639A1 (en) | Precursor materials for li-ion battery cathode synthesis | |
| Thackeray et al. | The electrochemical behaviour of Co3O4 and CoO cathodes in high-temperature cells | |
| Lehr et al. | Thermal Lithiation of Manganese Dioxide: Effect of Low Lithium Concentration (x†0.3 in LixMnO2) on Structure and Electrochemical Performance | |
| Bach et al. | Investigation of electrochemical lithium insertion in lamellar ternary oxides of the MxMnOy· zH2O group | |
| US20220115654A1 (en) | Mixed metal manganese oxide material | |
| JPWO2018181967A1 (ja) | ãã³ã¬ã³é žåç©ããã®è£œé æ¹æ³ãåã³ãªããŠã äºæ¬¡é»æ± | |
| MANDAI et al. | The Electrochemical Society of Japan |