JPH0322838A - Charge/discharge circuit - Google Patents
Charge/discharge circuitInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0322838A JPH0322838A JP1157782A JP15778289A JPH0322838A JP H0322838 A JPH0322838 A JP H0322838A JP 1157782 A JP1157782 A JP 1157782A JP 15778289 A JP15778289 A JP 15778289A JP H0322838 A JPH0322838 A JP H0322838A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- charging
- power source
- backup power
- diode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910003307 Ni-Cd Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Al] Chemical compound [Li].[Al] JFBZPFYRPYOZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
産業上の利用分野
本発明は充放電可能なバックアップ電源が用いられる機
器、たとえばマイコン搭載機器などにおけるバックアッ
プ電源用の充放電回路に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a charging/discharging circuit for a backup power source in equipment in which a rechargeable/dischargeable backup power source is used, such as equipment equipped with a microcomputer.
従来の技術
近年、マイコンを搭載した電子機器が急増する傾向にあ
るが、電源オフ時など、大切なメモリーが消去しないよ
うに種々のメモリーバックアップ電源が用いられている
。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the number of electronic devices equipped with microcomputers, and various memory backup power supplies are used to prevent important memory from being erased when the power is turned off.
バックアップ電源としては、リチウムー次電池、乾電池
などの充電できない一次電池、及びＮｉ−Ｃｄ電池、リ
チウム二次電池などの充電可能な二次電源やキャパシタ
がある。Backup power sources include non-rechargeable primary batteries such as lithium secondary batteries and dry batteries, and rechargeable secondary power sources and capacitors such as Ni-Cd batteries and lithium secondary batteries.
本発明はとくに後者の二次電源にかかわるものであるが
、これまではたとえば、主電源が５■の電圧に対しキャ
パシタの場合、複数個直列接続し、５ｖ対応としたり、
Ｎｉ Ｃｄ電池の場合、電池を２〜３個直列接続し、
さらに、電池と直列に比較的大きな抵抗を接続し、充電
電流を制限することによって、電池の内部で充電電圧が
上昇しないような充電方式（トリクル充電〉をとってい
た。The present invention is particularly concerned with the latter secondary power supply, but up until now, for example, if the main power supply is a capacitor with a voltage of 5V, multiple capacitors may be connected in series to make it compatible with 5V.
In the case of Ni Cd batteries, connect 2 to 3 batteries in series,
Furthermore, by connecting a relatively large resistor in series with the battery to limit the charging current, a charging method (trickle charging) was used that prevented the charging voltage from rising inside the battery.
これらは、電源を複数個直列にすることによって、コス
トが増大する難点があるし、トリクル充電の場合、電池
内部で電解液の分解ガスが発生しているため必ずしも長
寿命にむかない問題点があった。These have the disadvantage that the cost increases due to connecting multiple power supplies in series, and in the case of trickle charging, decomposition gas from the electrolyte is generated inside the battery, which does not necessarily lead to a long life. there were.
また、最近普及しつつあるリチウム二次電池の場合電圧
が３Ｖと高いものもあり、さらに、メモリバックアップ
に必要な電圧が２Ｖ付近まで可能になっているため１個
で対応する動きもある。In addition, some lithium secondary batteries, which have recently become popular, have a voltage as high as 3V, and since the voltage required for memory backup can reach around 2V, there is a movement to use just one battery.
発明が解決しようとする課題
とくに、リチウム二次電池のように１個で対応しようと
する場合、適正な充電電圧が、３■付近にあるのに対し
、主電源電圧が多くは５ｖもあるので、定電圧素子であ
るツエナーダイオードと定抵抗を直列ｌこ接続し、その
上にツエナーダイオードと並列にバックアップ電血を接
続することによって適正な充電電圧を得ていた。しかし
、この場合、回路上複雑な点があり、さらに、充電時、
ンエナーダイオードより相当の漏れ電流があり、電力損
失の問題があった。The problem that the invention aims to solve is that, especially when trying to solve the problem with a single lithium secondary battery, the appropriate charging voltage is around 3V, whereas the main power supply voltage is often as high as 5V. An appropriate charging voltage was obtained by connecting a Zener diode, which is a constant voltage element, and a constant resistor in series, and connecting a backup electrolyte in parallel with the Zener diode. However, in this case, the circuit is complicated, and when charging,
They had a considerable leakage current compared to energy diodes, which caused problems with power loss.
本発明ではこれらの問題点を改善し、簡単な回路で適正
な充電電圧を得、しかも、充電時の電力損失が非常に少
なく、さらに、放電にも支障のないようにすることを目
的としたものである。The purpose of the present invention is to improve these problems, obtain an appropriate charging voltage with a simple circuit, have very little power loss during charging, and also ensure that there is no problem in discharging. It is something.
課題を解決するための手段
本発明は種々検討した結果、発光ダイオードとバックア
ップ電源とを直列に接続し、さらに、該発光ダイオード
と並列に、逆流防止ダイオードを示す如くであるが、順
方向には電流がＶｏより急激に立ち上がる性質を有して
いる。また、その逆方向には電流がまったく流れない。Means for Solving the Problems As a result of various studies, the present invention connects a light emitting diode and a backup power supply in series, and furthermore, connects a backflow prevention diode in parallel with the light emitting diode. It has a property that the current rises more rapidly than Vo. Also, no current flows in the opposite direction.
この素子を用い、第１図ａの充放電回路を組んだ場合、
発光ダイオードの電圧Ｖｏとバックアップ電源の最大許
容電圧の合計が直流主電源の電圧とほぼ一致するような
組み合わせにするわけである。そうすることにより、バ
ックアップ電源が充電される電圧領域ではく最大許容電
圧より低い電圧）、発光ダイオードの電圧はＶｏより少
し高い位置にあるので、充電電流はよく流れ、充電が完
了すると、バックアップ電源の電圧が上昇し、発光ダイ
オードの電圧はＶｏにまで下がり、充電電流がほとんど
流れなくなってしまう。そして、バックアップ電源の電
圧は、許容電圧内でホールドされ、平衡状態となるわけ
である。When this element is used to construct the charging/discharging circuit shown in Figure 1a,
The combination is such that the sum of the voltage Vo of the light emitting diode and the maximum allowable voltage of the backup power supply almost matches the voltage of the DC main power supply. By doing so, the voltage of the light emitting diode is at a position slightly higher than Vo, so the charging current flows well, and when charging is completed, the backup power supply The voltage of the light emitting diode increases, the voltage of the light emitting diode drops to Vo, and almost no charging current flows. Then, the voltage of the backup power supply is held within the permissible voltage range, resulting in an equilibrium state.
この原理を利用することにより、電流は他のバイパスで
ほとんど漏れることもなく、効率よく充電される。By utilizing this principle, the current can be charged efficiently with almost no leakage through other bypasses.
したがって直流主電源が、一次電池のように、電気容量
に制限がある場合、電気容量を損失させることなくとく
に有効である。Therefore, when the DC main power source has a limited electrical capacity, such as a primary battery, this is particularly effective without causing loss of electrical capacity.
一方、主電源オフ時、バックアップ電源が作動する場合
、発光ダイオードの特性が第２図に示したように、発光
ダイオード経由ではまったく放電できない。そこで、発
光ダイオードと並列に逆流防止ダイオードを接続し、放
電できるようにするわけである。On the other hand, when the main power source is turned off and the backup power source is activated, no discharge is possible through the light emitting diode, as the characteristics of the light emitting diode are shown in FIG. Therefore, a backflow prevention diode is connected in parallel with the light emitting diode to enable discharge.
またバックアップ電源に充電電流の制限がある場合、電
流制限用の保護抵抗Ｒを第１図ｂのように直列接続すれ
ばよいわけである。Furthermore, if the backup power source has a charging current limit, a protection resistor R for limiting the current may be connected in series as shown in FIG. 1b.
実施例
実施例１
直流主電源の電圧を５Ｖとし、バックアップ電源として
正極に五酸化バナジウム、負極にリチウムアルミニウム
合金を用いたバナジウム／リチウム二次電池を用い、第
１図ａに示す充放電回路を構成した。バナジウム／リチ
ウム二次電池は、３Ｖの電圧を有し、２ ０ ｍ Ａ
ｈの電気容量を有している。Examples Example 1 The voltage of the DC main power supply was set to 5V, and a vanadium/lithium secondary battery with vanadium pentoxide as the positive electrode and a lithium aluminum alloy as the negative electrode was used as a backup power source, and the charging/discharging circuit shown in Figure 1a was constructed. Configured. A vanadium/lithium secondary battery has a voltage of 3V and a voltage of 20 mA.
It has a capacitance of h.
その充放電特性は第３図に示したが、充電は、大体３Ｖ
から３．３Ｖの間で行われ、その後電圧が急激に立ち上
がる。しかし、充電電圧を約３．７ｖ以内にホールドす
れば、充電状態で、安定な均衡を保つ性質を有している
。Its charge/discharge characteristics are shown in Figure 3, and charging is approximately 3V.
to 3.3V, and then the voltage rises rapidly. However, if the charging voltage is held within about 3.7V, it has the property of maintaining a stable balance in the charged state.
また、用いた発光ダイオードのＶｏは１．５Ｖ付近のも
のとした。放電後のバナジウム／リヂウムニ次電池を本
発明の回路で充電すると、第３図に示すような充電カー
ブが得られた。そして充電電圧が３．６Ｖ付近で安定し
た。また、この回路で、直流主電源をオフ状態とし、３
０ＫΩの定抵抗負荷で放電したところ、電池の平均電圧
が約２．８Ｖで電気容量が２０ｍＡｈ得ることができた
。Further, the Vo of the light emitting diode used was set around 1.5V. When a discharged vanadium/lithium secondary battery was charged using the circuit of the present invention, a charging curve as shown in FIG. 3 was obtained. Then, the charging voltage stabilized around 3.6V. In addition, with this circuit, the DC main power supply is turned off, and 3
When the battery was discharged under a constant resistance load of 0 KΩ, the average voltage of the battery was approximately 2.8 V and a capacitance of 20 mAh was obtained.
このことより適正な充電が行われたことがわかる。This shows that proper charging was performed.
実施例２
実施例１で、さらに第１図ｂのように３００Ωの保護抵
抗Ｒを直列に接続し、実施例１と同じように、充放電試
験をしてみたが、充電電流が２ｍＡ以内に制限され、充
電完了時の電圧及び、放電電気容量は実施例１と同し桔
果であった。このことより、充電時の電流を制限するた
めの保護抵抗を接続することも可能である。Example 2 In Example 1, a 300Ω protective resistor R was further connected in series as shown in Fig. 1b, and a charge/discharge test was performed in the same manner as in Example 1, but the charging current did not exceed 2 mA. The voltage at the end of charging and the discharge capacity were the same as in Example 1. From this, it is also possible to connect a protective resistor to limit the current during charging.
比較例として、第４図に示したように従来のツエナーダ
イオードとバックア１ツブ電源を並列接続することによ
る電圧制御方式でテストしてみた。As a comparative example, we tested a voltage control method using a conventional Zener diode and a backup single-tub power supply connected in parallel, as shown in FIG.
図中、Ｒは保護抵抗、ＤＩ ｒ Ｄ２は逆流防止ダイオ
ード、ＺＤはツエナーダイオードである。In the figure, R is a protection resistor, DI r D2 is a backflow prevention diode, and ZD is a Zener diode.
ＺＤとしてはＨＺ３ｃＬＬ（制御電圧範囲３．１〜３
． ５ Ｖ ＠日立製作所製）をＲには２２０Ωを、Ｄ
．．Ｄ２にはショットキーバリャーダイオードをそれぞ
れ選んだ。ZD is HZ3cLL (control voltage range 3.1 to 3
．． 5 V @Hitachi), 220Ω for R, and D
．． ．． A Schottky barrier diode was selected for D2.
実施例１と同じテストをしてみたところ、充電完了時の
電圧が約３．５Ｖ，放電電気容量が約１８ｍＡｈ近くで
あった。これは、ツエナーダイオードを経由して若干放
電したために損失したものと考えられる。When the same test as in Example 1 was carried out, the voltage upon completion of charging was approximately 3.5 V, and the discharge capacity was approximately 18 mAh. This loss is thought to be due to a slight discharge via the Zener diode.
また、充電時、ツエナーダイオードを流れる電流を測定
したところ、約５ｍＡの電流が流れていた。Furthermore, when the current flowing through the Zener diode was measured during charging, a current of approximately 5 mA was flowing.
このように、従来の方式では、回路の部品点数が多いに
もかかわらず、充電時や、放電時の電流漏れがあった。As described above, in the conventional system, even though the circuit has a large number of parts, current leakage occurred during charging and discharging.
したがって、高価であるばかりでなく、回路としてもあ
まり好ましくないものである。Therefore, it is not only expensive, but also not very desirable as a circuit.
発明の効果
これらのことより本発明の充放電回路は、簡単で電力損
失がほとんどなく、一次電池など電気容量に制限のある
主電源に対してはとくに有効である。Effects of the Invention For these reasons, the charging/discharging circuit of the present invention is simple, has almost no power loss, and is particularly effective for main power sources with limited electric capacity, such as primary batteries.
なお、実施例としてはバックアップ電源として、バナジ
ウム、／′リヂウムニ次電池を上げたが、これは原理的
なものを示したにすぎず、カーボン７リチウム二次電池
，マンガン／リチウム二次電池，二硫化モリブデン／リ
ヂウム二次電池，ボリマーリチウム二次電池などのリチ
ウム二次電池、及びキャパシタや、Ｎｉ−Ｃｄ電池．鉛
電池，固体電解質二次電池など広く適用することができ
る。In addition, as a backup power source, a vanadium/'lidium secondary battery was used as a backup power source in the example, but this merely shows the principle, and carbon 7 lithium secondary battery, manganese/lithium secondary battery, secondary battery, etc. Lithium secondary batteries such as molybdenum sulfide/lithium secondary batteries and polymer lithium secondary batteries, capacitors, and Ni-Cd batteries. It can be widely applied to lead batteries, solid electrolyte secondary batteries, etc.
また、直流主電源の電圧はもちろん５Ｖに限定されるも
のではなく、種々の電圧において定電圧素子を適切に選
択することによって、自由に使い二なすことができる。Furthermore, the voltage of the DC main power supply is of course not limited to 5V, and can be used freely by appropriately selecting a constant voltage element at various voltages.
第１図ａ，ｂは本発明の充放電回路を示す図、第２図は
発光ダイオードのＶ−１特性を示す図、第３図はリチウ
ム二次電池の充放電カーブを示す図、第４図は比較例の
充放電回路を示す図である。
ＺＤ・・・・・・ツエナーダイオード、ＬＥＤ・・・・
・・発光ダイオード、Ｒ・・・・・・抵抗、ＤＩ ，
Ｄ２・・・・・・逆流防止ダイオード。Figures 1a and b are diagrams showing the charging/discharging circuit of the present invention, Figure 2 is a diagram showing the V-1 characteristics of a light emitting diode, Figure 3 is a diagram showing the charging/discharging curve of a lithium secondary battery, and Figure 4 is a diagram showing the charging/discharging curve of a lithium secondary battery. The figure is a diagram showing a charging/discharging circuit of a comparative example. ZD... Zener diode, LED...
...Light emitting diode, R...Resistance, DI,
D2・・・・・・Reverse current prevention diode.
Claims (2)
源を兼ねた直流主電源とから構成されこれらが接続され
た回路において、直流主電源の電圧がバックアップ電源
の適正な充電電圧より高い場合に発光ダイオードとバッ
クアップ電源を直列に接続して直流主電源の両極間に結
線し、さらに主電源オフ時にバックアップ電源から放電
できるよう発光ダイオードと並列に逆流防止ダイオード
を結線したことを特徴とした充放電回路。(1) In a circuit that consists of a chargeable/dischargeable backup power source and a DC main power source that also serves as its charging power source, and these are connected, light is emitted when the voltage of the DC main power source is higher than the appropriate charging voltage of the backup power source. A charging/discharging circuit characterized by connecting a diode and a backup power supply in series and connecting them between both poles of a DC main power supply, and further connecting a backflow prevention diode in parallel with the light emitting diode so that the backup power supply can be discharged when the main power supply is turned off. .
されていることを特徴とした特許請求の範囲第１項記載
の充放電回路。(2) The charging/discharging circuit according to claim 1, further comprising an overcurrent prevention resistor connected in series with the light emitting diode.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1157782A JPH0322838A (en) | 1989-06-20 | 1989-06-20 | Charge/discharge circuit |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1157782A JPH0322838A (en) | 1989-06-20 | 1989-06-20 | Charge/discharge circuit |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0322838A true JPH0322838A (en) | 1991-01-31 |
Family
ID=15657180
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1157782A Pending JPH0322838A (en) | 1989-06-20 | 1989-06-20 | Charge/discharge circuit |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0322838A (en) |
-
1989
- 1989-06-20 JP JP1157782A patent/JPH0322838A/en active Pending
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