JPH03214583A - Heat generating panel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enhance the yield in producing heat generating panels, by consolidating a plate-shaped heater with a heating value adjusting plate, which has a less heating value than the plate-shaped heater or which does not give any heat generation, by placing the two plates side by side and connecting current feeding electrodes at both ends of longitudinal direction. CONSTITUTION:The overstratum of a plate-shaped heater part 2 is substituted by a non-heat generating body 4 while part of a plate-shaped heater 3 is divided in the direction across the width. For heat insulation of this plate-shaped heater part 2, plate-shaped construction material 5 is put in lamination on the undersurface of the plate-shaped heater part 2 in a consolidated structure. The laminate of the plate-shaped construction material 5 and plate-shaped heater part 2 is surrounded in the whole periphery by a metal plate 7 consolidatedly, and an insulation layer 8 is interposed between the laminate and metal plate 7. The heating value is adjusted by properly selecting the combination of the plate- shaped heater 2 and a heating value adjusting plate 4. This ensures that the yield of heat generating panels is enhanced.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to an improvement in a heat generating panel using a plate-shaped heating element, particularly a heat generating panel suitable for floor heating.

[Conventional technology]

For the heating element panel, for example,
There are those using a linear heating element as disclosed in Publication No. 1, and those using a surface plate and a heat insulating material laminated on a planar heating element as disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 58-2514. These heating panels are buried in the walls and floors of houses for heating purposes, and installed on roofs and roads to melt snow.

Among these heating panels, the former has the advantage of being inexpensive, but it has the disadvantage that it is difficult to heat the entire surface uniformly, and it becomes unusable if the heating wire breaks in even one place, so in recent years it has become less popular. The latter type is becoming the mainstream of heat generating panels.

However, even in the case of the latter heating panel, the heating element itself does not have load-bearing capacity, so if a heavy object falls or an artificial impact force is applied, the sheet will break locally and lose its heating ability. There were some problems.

In order to solve this problem, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-131932
In the publication, a plate-shaped heating element in which carbon fibers and carbon black are dispersed in an inorganic material, and a plate-shaped building material made of an organic or inorganic material are laminated on the lower surface of this plate-shaped heating element, and the entire laminate is A heat generating panel whose periphery is integrally surrounded by a metal plate has been proposed.

The method of manufacturing the heat generating panel in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-131932 is a paper manufacturing method in which carbon fibers and carbon black are added to a slurry consisting of an inorganic material and a large amount of water, and the carbon fibers are uniformly dispersed. Molding method is common.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

However, even in the above-mentioned paper forming method, when attempting to form a slurry containing an inorganic material such as cement and carbon fibers with low specific gravity such as carbon fiber or carbon black, it is difficult to form a slurry due to the difference in specific gravity over time. Separation occurs.

For this reason, differences arise in the calorific value of the manufactured plate-shaped heating elements, resulting in variations in quality.

Here, the results of a test conducted by the present inventor regarding the degree of variation in the calorific value of the plate-shaped heating element will be described.

Cement by weight ratio: 55. 6%, fine silica sand: 37
．． 0%, pulp: 2.8%, carbon fiber 20.
9%, carbon black: 3.7%, 41 plate-shaped heat-generating specimens were manufactured by a paper molding method from materials with blended components of carbon black: 3.7%.
The calorific value of these specimens was investigated, and the results are shown in FIG. In Figure 4, the vertical axis is the calorific value (W/m
2), and the horizontal axis shows the specimen number.

As is clear from Figure 4, among the 41 specimens, the minimum value of the calorific value was 270W/i2, and the maximum value was 4
It was 10W/m2. i.e. the minimum calorific value,
The maximum ratio is 1:1.5, which is ± from the simple average value.
It has been found that there is a variation of 20% to 25%.

In general, in the case of heat-generating panels, the quality required is that the variation in the amount of heat generated must be within ±10%, so if this continues, there is a problem that the yield during manufacturing will be poor and the manufacturing cost will increase. .

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a heating panel using a plate-shaped heating element, and even if there is variation in the calorific value of the plate-shaped heating element within or between production lots, when it is made into a product, the calorific value is It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat generating panel that can improve the yield during manufacturing and thereby reduce manufacturing costs by keeping the fluctuation within an allowable value.

[Means to solve the problem]

The above problem is achieved by arranging a plate-shaped heating element that generates heat when energized and a calorific value adjusting plate-shaped body that generates less heat than this plate-shaped heating element or does not generate heat in the width direction of the plate, and at least This problem can be solved by integrating the entire heating element with current-carrying electrodes connected to both ends in the plate length direction.

[Effect]

Experiments conducted by the present inventors have revealed that there is a direct proportional relationship between the width dimension of the plate-shaped heating element and the amount of heat generated, as shown in FIG. Based on this knowledge, the present invention adjusts the amount of heat generated by appropriately selecting a combination of a plate-like heating element and a plate-like body for adjusting the amount of heat generated.

Specifically, first, the plate-shaped heating elements manufactured are such that the one with the lowest calorific value among the group of plate-shaped heating elements has a lower limit calorific value or more required as a product heat-generating panel. In other words, in the present invention, although it is possible to lower the calorific value per unit area, it is not possible to increase it. Therefore, the degree of dispersion in the calorific value of plate-shaped heating elements manufactured in advance is predicted, and the lowest value is determined. It is desirable that the temperature is greater than or equal to the lower limit of the allowable calorific value of the plate-shaped heating element.

Next, if the calorific value of a plate-shaped heating element manufactured to a predetermined width exceeds or is expected to exceed the target calorific value range when used as a product as it is, The plate-shaped heating element is divided in the width direction and made into strips. The method of division in this case is, for example, if you are aiming to reduce the heat generation amount of a certain plate-shaped heating element by 10%, as described above, the width dimension and the heat generation amount of the plate-shaped heating element are Since there is a direct proportional relationship, 10 of the total width
It is possible to reduce the amount of heat generated by 10% as a whole by dividing it into 10% pieces and replacing that portion with a plate-shaped body for adjusting heat generation that does not generate heat and has the same shape and dimensions as that portion. Also, overall, if the overall dispersion in calorific value is 1 to 1.3, then the 10% piece is 3
It is divided into two parts in the width direction, and replaced with one, two, or three plates for adjusting the calorific value that does not generate heat in the divided parts, depending on the size of the calorific value. Ru. The heat output of the heating panel will be reduced by 10%, 20%, or 30% depending on the amount of replacement.
The amount of heat generated can be changed arbitrarily.

In addition, even a plate-shaped heating element with a low calorific value can be used as a plate-shaped body for adjusting the calorific value if its calorific value is known. I can do that. For example, if a plate-shaped body with 50% of the required calorific value is used as a calorific value adjustment plate-shaped body and 20% of the entire heat generating panel is replaced, W = 0.8.
+0.2 X0.5 = 0.9, totaling 10
% reduction in calorific value. In this way,
Even if the plate-shaped heating element generates a small amount of heat, the overall amount of heat generated can be set to the desired amount.

Note that the dimensions of the divided pieces are not particularly limited, but if they are too small, it will be complicated to divide and replace them, and if they are too large, there will be problems with the quality accuracy of the calorific value, so it is preferably 1.
It is desirable to divide in units of about 0%. Further, in this specification, the length direction of the plate-shaped heating element refers to the current direction, and the width direction refers to the direction perpendicular to the length direction.

[Specific configuration of the invention]

The present invention will be further explained in detail based on examples.

Cement: 55.6%, finely powdered silica sand: 37.
0%, Pulv = 2.8%, carbon fiber 20.
Ten types of plate-shaped heating elements having different calorific values were manufactured using a paper-forming method using blended ingredients of 9% carbon black and 3.7% carbon black. The specimen size of the plate-shaped heating element is 800 1
x 400w x 5t. As shown in Figure 2, these 10 types of specimens were
It is divided into three parts, ie, divided piece 11, divided piece 10, and divided piece 12, respectively. The dimensions of the divided pieces 11 and 12 are:
800 11 x 40w x 5t, divided piece 1
The dimensions of 0 are 800 1 x 320w x 5t.

Also, an asbestos cement board 13 with the same dimensions as the divided pieces 11 and 12, 8001 x 40w x 5t.
Prepare.

Next, a test as shown in FIG. 3 was conducted. In other words, test case (■) consists of divided piece 1 as shown in FIG. 4(a).
1, 10, and 12 are arranged in parallel in the width direction, and a copper plate 14 is brought into contact with both ends of the copper plates 14 and energized. Next, in test case 1, as shown in Fig. 4(b), the 11th part of the divided piece is covered with asbestos. In addition, in test case 1, as shown in Fig. 4(C), when asbestos cement 13 was substituted for both the divided piece 11 and divided piece 12 and the current was applied in the same way, Three types of life tests were conducted.

Table 1 shows the calorific value based on the test results for the three cases Case 1 to Case 2. The values in the table are converted to calorific value per unit (W/m2), and the circle mark to the left of the numerical value in the table indicates that the calorific value is the allowable calorific value (270 to 330
W/a+2).

Table 1 As shown in Table 1, for any specimen of 1 to 1O, under any of the conditions of Case ■ to Case ■,
It turns out that the amount of heat generated is permissible.

In this manner, by replacing a portion of the heating element divided in the width direction with an inorganic material that is a non-heating element, it is possible to obtain a heating panel that generates a heat amount within a predetermined allowable range.

In addition to the plate-shaped heating element configured with the formulation example of this example, inorganic materials consisting of aggregate containing cement and silica sand as proposed in JP-A No. 63-131932, Carbon fiber and carbon black are each 0.5 to 4% by volume, 2
~10% by volume mixed in, or as previously proposed by the same applicant (patent application filed on December 22, 1989), the main components are cement and aggregate, and their weight ratio is ~1:0.2 3
A heating element made of an inorganic material and a carbon material containing at least one of carbon fiber and carbon black, or the sum of 5 times the weight part of carbon fiber and the weight part of carbon black for 100 parts by weight of the inorganic material. It is also possible to use a heating element in which the amount is 5 to 20 parts by weight.

The reason why the plate-shaped heating element is made of an inorganic material composed of aggregates containing cement and silica sand as described above is that the floor directly generates heat by directly applying electricity to the aggregates that make up the floor, which has good thermal efficiency and This is to obtain a plate-shaped heating element with no fear of wire breakage.

Next, a heating panel using a plate-shaped heating element according to the present invention will be described based on FIG.

The plate-shaped heating element 2 according to the present invention, that is, the upper layer of the laminate, is made of an organic material such as plywood, particle board, or cement, with a part of the plate-shaped heating element 3 being divided in the width direction as described above. It is replaced by a non-heat generating body 4 made of an inorganic material such as asbestos cement mainly composed of.

A plate-shaped building material 5 made of an organic or inorganic material such as plywood or asbestos cement is laminated on the lower surface side of the plate-shaped heating element 2 in order to insulate the plate-shaped heating element 2.
It is integrally molded. The integrally molded laminate of the plate-shaped heating element 2 and the plate-shaped building material 5 is integrally surrounded by a metal plate 7, and an insulating layer is provided between the laminate and the metal plate 7. 8 is provided.

Further, copper plates 6 as electrodes are closely attached to both ends of the plate-shaped heating element 2, and are connected to an external power source by conductive wires from the copper plates 6 (not shown).

Incidentally, the plate-shaped heating element 2 and the plate-shaped building material 5 may be integrated with an adhesive, but if it is a cement-based material, it may be cast simultaneously with the plate-shaped heating element part 2. . Further, as the insulating layer 8, a PVC-lined steel plate or the like coated with an insulator in advance can also be used.

In addition, as a means for integrating the plate-shaped heating element and the plate-shaped body for adjusting the calorific value, in the case of this embodiment, in order to prevent excessive tensile stress from being generated in the heating element, the heating element is surrounded by a metal plate.
Although integration was attempted from No. 9, the method is not limited to this method, and integration may be performed using other thermally conductive materials.

In this embodiment, the plate-shaped heating element 2 manufactured to a predetermined size is divided in the width direction, and a part of the plate-shaped heating element 2 is divided into non-heating elements 4.
This is because the plate-shaped heating element 3 is manufactured to the same dimensions as the metal plate 7. For example, the plate-shaped heating element 3 is manufactured in advance into a narrow strip shape, and then the non-heating element 4 is
The width direction dividing process can be omitted by the combined arrangement.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As explained in detail above, according to the present invention, in a heating panel using a plate-shaped heating element, even if there is variation in the calorific value of the plate-shaped heating element within a manufacturing loft or between manufacturing lots, when it is manufactured as a product. By keeping the variation in the amount of heat generated within an allowable value, it is possible to improve the yield and reduce the manufacturing cost.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a diagram of a heating panel for floor heating according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a divided state of a plate-shaped heating element in this embodiment, and Fig. 3
The figure shows the test case in this example, Figure 4 shows the calorific value test result of the plate-shaped heating element made by dispersing carbon fiber and carbon black, and Figure 5 shows the width dimension of the plate-shaped heating element. It is a figure showing the relationship with calorific value. 1... Heat generating panel for floor heating, 2... Plate heating element part 3
...Plate heating element, 4...Non-heating element, 5...Plate building material 6...Copper plate, 7...Metal plate, 8...Insulating layer 2nd Fig. 11 Fig. 3

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A plate-shaped heating element that generates heat when energized and a calorific value adjustment plate-shaped body that generates less heat than this plate-shaped heating element or does not generate heat are juxtaposed in the plate width direction, and at least the plate-shaped A heating panel characterized in that the entire body is integrated with current-carrying electrodes connected to both ends of the heating element in the plate length direction.