JPH03183894A - Crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make it possible to crush the matters to be crushed safely by simple treatment by applying pressure fluid to an elastic expansion body to expand a diameter and deform, and expanding and projecting a sleeve to push the matters to be crushed by load plates arranged on the peripheral surface thereof. CONSTITUTION:An elastic expansion body 40 is constituted of a reinforced layer 32 into which high tension fiber is braided, a tube-like body consisting of internal and external rubber layers 30 and 34 and a seal member 36. After that, the elastic expansion body 40 is housed in a sleeve 42 constituted of a hollow rubber or rubber elastic materials, and a plurality of load plates 44 and 44 are arranged to the peripheral surface of the sleeve 42 along the axis. Then, a constrained means regulating the motion of the elastic expansion body 40 is provided to form a crusher. The crusher is inserted into a bored section formed in the matters to be crushed, pressure fluid is applied to the elastic expansion body 40 to expand a diameter and deform, the sleeve 42 is expanded and projected to radial outward, and the matters to be crushed are pushed by the load plates 44 and 44 to crush.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention (Industrial Field of Application) The present invention relates to a crushing device for crushing rigid objects such as rock or concrete blocks, and particularly to a crushing device for crushing rigid objects such as rock or concrete blocks. This invention relates to a crushing device that crushes objects by extruding plates.

(Prior art) In order to crush rigid objects such as rock or concrete blocks, an explosive such as dynamite is inserted into a hole drilled in advance and detonated, and the explosive force causes the object to be crushed. There is a way to do it.

However, special qualifications are required to handle dynamite, and sufficient consideration must be given to its storage. On the other hand, when dynamite explodes, it must be kept away from the work area to avoid the effects of the blast, etc. There was a problem in that the workability was extremely poor because it had to be evacuated and the generation of dust was unavoidable. In addition, in this case, extremely large noise and vibrations are generated, so there is a drawback that its use is restricted in areas close to human residences.

On the other hand, in order to solve these drawbacks, a method has been proposed in which chemicals are injected into the borehole and the rock or concrete block is statically crushed by the expansion phenomenon caused by the chemical reaction of the chemicals. Not only is the range of application limited due to the injection work involved, but each chemical must be measured accurately, and in addition, it takes time for the chemical reaction to complete, resulting in poor work efficiency. There's a problem. Moreover, some of these chemicals contain substances that are harmful to the human body, and like dynamite, they require sufficient care when handling, and they also have problems such as being expensive.

In order to solve this problem, as shown in Figure 8,
For example, 10 fibers with excellent tensile strength, such as aromatic polyamide fiber (Kevlar: trade name), are placed around the outer periphery of the cylindrical inner rubber layer 10 made of rubber or rubber-like elastic material such as NR.
A braided reinforcing layer 12 is attached to the outer circumference of the reinforcing layer 12, and an outer rubber layer 14 made of rubber or rubber-like elastic material is provided on the outer periphery of the reinforcing layer 12, which is then vulcanized. A permissive sealing member 16 is attached to each end to form an elastic expansion body 18, and this elastic expansion body 18 is housed in a hollow sleeve 20 made of rubber or rubber-like elastic material. A crushing device in which a plurality of arc-shaped loading plates 22 with high rigidity and preferably excellent wear resistance are spaced apart from each other! 24 have been proposed. Incidentally, reference numeral 26 is a caulking metal fitting, which firmly presses the cylindrical body against the sealing member from the outside to ensure that the sealing member 16 will not come out from the cylindrical body in which the reinforcing layer 12 is buried. To prevent.

In order to crush rock, concrete, etc. using this crushing device 24, the device is inserted into an excavation hole previously formed in the rock, and then a pressurized fluid is applied to the elastic expandable body 18 to crush rock or concrete. Under the application of the pressing force of the loading plate 22 against the rock as the sleeve 20 expands outward in the radial direction, a tensile force is applied to the rock to generate cracks and fracture it. Therefore, the higher the pressure applied to the elastic expansion body 18, the better the crushing ability will be.

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) However, when a pressurized fluid is applied to an elastic expandable body, its movement in the radial direction is regulated under the contact between the loading plate 22 and the object to be crushed, such as rock or coracrete. However, since the movement in the axial direction is not constrained in any way, an extremely large axial force acts in the axial direction, so
An extremely large tension will act on the reinforcing layer 12 forming the elastic expansion body. As a result, the reinforcing layer 12 and furthermore the elastic expansion body 18 are damaged and eventually break.

Moreover, in that case, the portion including the sealing member 16 may jump out, and in the worst case, it may damage the operator and other equipment.

For this reason, it may be possible to lower the pressure of the pressurized fluid applied to the elastic expandable body, but in that case, the crushing ability will decrease and the intended purpose may not be achieved. Become.

The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a crushing device that is easy to handle and safe.

(Means for achieving the object) In order to achieve this object, the device of the present invention includes a reinforcing layer made of braided organic or inorganic high-tensile fibers, and a rubber or rubber-like elastic material in which the reinforcing layer is embedded. and a sealing member that seals both ends of the tubular body and allows pressurized fluid to be supplied into the interior of the tubular body on at least one side, and expands and deforms in diameter when the pressurized fluid is applied. An elastic expandable body, a hollow sleeve made of rubber or rubber-like elastic material that accommodates the elastic expandable body, a plurality of loading plates disposed around the outer periphery of the sleeve along its axis, and a plurality of loading plates that cooperate with the loading plates. , comprising, on at least one side thereof, restraining means for permitting radially outward movement of the elastic expandable body of the loading plate and restraining expansion of the elastic expandable body in the axial direction.

(Function) When the crushing device is inserted into a pre-formed hole in an object to be crushed, such as rock or concrete blocks, and pressurized fluid is applied to the elastic expansion body, the sleeve will deform as the expansion diameter deforms. Since the sleeve bulges outward in the radial direction, a plurality of loading plates arranged around the outer periphery of the sleeve press the object to be crushed. For this reason,
A tensile force acts on the object to be crushed, causing cracks, and the object to be crushed can be crushed.

On the other hand, the restraining means that cooperates with the loading plate to allow the loading plate to move radially outward of the elastic expansion body restricts the movement of the elastic expansion body in the axial direction, so pressurized fluid is applied. At this time, excessive tension is not applied to the reinforcing layer forming the elastic expansion body, and the energy of the pressurized fluid applied to the elastic expansion body can be converted into expansion and diameter deformation. Crushing work can be performed efficiently.

In addition, if the end of the crushing device can be brought into contact with the terminal end of a hole formed in rock, etc., the end can
Since the expansion of the elastic expansion body is restrained, a restraining means that cooperates with the loading plate on the insertion end side of the crushing device can be omitted.

(Example) The apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the crushing device of the present invention.
The outer periphery of the cylindrical inner rubber N30, which has a diameter of 0 to 12flII11, is coated with organic or inorganic high tensile strength fibers, for example, wire diameters of 0.
5ml~2.0 ribs aromatic boria fiber (Kepler: trade name) or steel cord etc. 10'~20'
A reinforcing layer 32, preferably braided at 10° to 15°, is attached to the outer periphery of the NR, S with a thickness of 3 to 4 mm.
An outer rubber layer 34 made of rubber such as BR or a rubber-like elastic material, in this embodiment NR rubber, is provided and vulcanized to form an integrally structured cylindrical body.

A sealing member 36 that allows pressurized fluid to be supplied inside is integrally fixed to both ends of this cylindrical body, and one end is attached to a circumferential protrusion of the sealing member. A cylindrical caulking fitting 38 having an engageable flange portion is used to press the cylindrical member 38 to form an elastic expansion body 40 configured to prevent separation of the cylindrical body and the sealing member 36 . Then, this elastic expansion body 40 is housed in a hollow portion of a hollow sleeve 42 made of rubber or rubber-like elastic material such as NR or SBR, and whose perspective view is shown in FIG. 2(a) or (b). Arranging a plurality of arcuate or crescent-shaped loading plates 44 having high rigidity and preferably excellent wear resistance on the outer periphery is as follows:
This is similar to the conventional crushing device 24 shown in FIG.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, an elastic expansion body 40 is provided in the central part.
A hole 48 is formed to allow the protrusion of the sealing member 36 to pass through, and locking plates 46 having a cross-sectional shape approximately equal to the cross-sectional shape of the sleeve are disposed at both ends of the elastic expansion body 40, respectively. These locking plates 46 have female threaded portions 50 formed in the circumferential direction thereof, in this embodiment, spaced apart from each other by approximately 90 degrees and extending inward in the radial direction.

On the other hand, in this embodiment, both ends of the four loading plates 44 each having a crescent-shaped cross section are extended in the axial direction, and through holes are provided at positions corresponding to the female threaded portions 50 of the locking plate 46. 52 respectively. The diameter of this through hole 52 is at least larger than the root diameter of the female threaded portion 50 of the locking plate 46.

Then, the locking bolts 54a and 54b are passed through the loading plate 44 and screwed into the female threaded portion 50 of the locking plate 46. That is,
These locking plates 46 and locking bolts cooperate with the loading plate 44 to restrain substantial movement of the elastic expansion body 40 and the loading plate 44 in the axial direction, while also preventing the loading plate 44 from moving outside the crushing device. form a restraining means that allows movement to.

Here, a locking bolt 5 is screwed onto a locking plate 46 located on the side to be inserted into a pre-formed excavation hole in an object to be crushed such as bedrock.
4b should be selected so that its head slightly protrudes from the outer surface of the loading plate 44 or has a height almost equal to the surface in the screwed state before the elastic expandable body 40 is expanded. This makes it easier to insert the bolt into the excavated hole pre-formed in the object to be crushed.On the other hand, the head of the locking bolt located on the outside of the object to be crushed is made larger than the diameter of the bolt. This can prevent the loading plate 44 from coming off the sleeve 42 housing the elastic expansion body 40.

Therefore, when pressurized fluid is applied to the elastic expandable body 40 during crushing work, the elastic expandable body 40 penetrates through the locking plate and the loading plate disposed at both ends of the elastic expandable body 40, and the elastic expandable body 40 penetrates the locking plate and the loading plate disposed at both ends of the elastic body 40, and the elastic body 40 penetrates the locking plate and the loading plate disposed at both ends of the elastic expandable body 40. The restraining means comprising the stop bolt restrains the extensional movement in the axial direction while allowing the outward movement in the radial direction.
Excessive tension does not act on the reinforcing layer that constitutes the elastic expansion body, and the loading plate presses the object to be crushed as the elastic expansion body expands, allowing the energy of the pressurized fluid to be used to efficiently crush the object. It can be used for work.

In addition, when crushing work is carried out using the crushing apparatus shown in FIG. Of course, in the device of the present invention, even when pressurized fluid is applied, the elastic expandable body does not substantially expand in its axial direction. Therefore, a plurality of crushing devices may be connected in series, and when the device is transported or installed, the locking port l-54b
In order to prevent the loading plate 44 from coming off the sleeve 42 on the side, the loading plate 44 and the sleeve 42 can be glued together using a suitable adhesive, or adhesive tape can be wrapped around the loading plate 44 to fix them together. preferable.

FIG. 3 shows that, as shown in FIG. 2(b), the sleeve 42 has a substantially cylindrical shape with protrusions extending in the axial direction on its outer periphery and spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction; Also,
Except for the fact that the cross-sectional shape of the loading plate 44 is arcuate, it has substantially the same structure as the crushing device shown in FIG. 1, so a description of its structure and operation will be omitted.

On the other hand, in the other embodiment shown in FIG. The arrangement of the locking plate 56 at the end of the elastic expansion body 40 is similar to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, but instead of the locking bolt 54b, it is located on the side of the locking plate. A locking pin 58 is fixed to the extended end of each loading plate 44 so as to extend inward in the radial direction of the locking plate 56.

Also in this embodiment, the elastic expansion body 40 is connected to the locking plate 46.
．． 56, and locking poles cooperating with those locking plates) 54
While the movement in the axial direction of the loading plate 44 is restrained by the locking port t-54a and the locking pin 58, the outward movement of the loading plate 44 in the radial direction due to its expanded diameter is restricted by the locking port t-54a and the locking plate 56. Since it is guided by the locking pin 58 along the line, it has the same effect as the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 or 3.

On the other hand, in another example shown in FIG. , a retaining piece 60 is formed by protruding inward in the radial direction, and the retaining piece 60 is arranged to face the elastic expansion body 40 and one end of the sleeve 42 housing it, and the retaining piece 60 The piece cooperates with a locking port T-54a and a locking plate 46 associated with the loading plate 44 spaced apart via the sleeve 42 to restrain the movement of the elastic expansion body 40 in the axial direction, and the loading plate 44 constitutes a restraining means for permitting radial outward movement.

That is, the movement of the elastic expandable body 40 in the axial direction to which the pressurized fluid is applied is controlled by the locking plates 46 located at both ends thereof.
It is restrained by the engaging piece 60 of the loading plate 44, and only expansion and diameter deformation is allowed. Therefore, the loading plate 44 is
It moves along the locking bolt 54a screwed onto the locking plate 46 and the engagement piece 60 that moves relatively along the end surface of the sleeve, and the reinforcement N32 forming the elastic expansion body 40 moves.
without excessive tension being applied to the reinforcing layer, and furthermore, the broken part including the sealing member and caulking metal fittings could suddenly fly outward and damage the worker and surrounding equipment. Not at all.

On the other hand, in yet another embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 6, the restraining means located at the terminal end of the perforation formed in the rock mass or the like is not required.

This is because the perforation is usually formed to correspond approximately to the shape and dimensions of the crushing device, so the end of the inserted device will be located facing the rock, and the elastic expansion body 40 will be pressurized. This is because when a fluid is applied, its extension in one direction in the axial direction is restrained by the rock, and by adopting such a configuration, the number of parts and manufacturing steps can be reduced.

Further, in another embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the amount of deviation of the loading plate 44 that is radially outwardly shifted as pressurized fluid is applied to the elastic expander 40 is defined. The locking plate 46
A stopper ring 62, which is wider than the head diameter of the locking bolt 54a, is disposed between the head of the locking bolt 54a, which is integrally screwed into the locking bolt 54a, and the loading plate 44. The distance between the inner circumferential surface of the ring 62 and the loading plate 44 before pressurized fluid is applied to the elastic expander 40 is determined by the locking pole 54.
It can be adjusted by changing the dimension a, the so-called length under the neck.

According to the crushing device of this embodiment, the through holes through which the locking holes 54a formed at each end of the loading plate 44 pass can be formed relatively large, so that requirements regarding the position and shape of the through holes can be formed. can be set low, and
The contact area with the loading plate can be increased, and the loading plate 4
4 and the locking bolt 54a, and the movement of the loading plate can be restrained more reliably. Further, since the stopper ring 62 has an annular shape, it can itself restrict the outward movement of the loaded Fi 44, and even if an excessively pressurized fluid is applied to the elastic expansion body 40, Since the movement of the loading plate 44 is reliably restrained in cooperation with the locking bolt 54a, the locking bolt will not be damaged.

(Effects of the Invention) Thus, according to the present invention, the elastic inflatable body of the airbag tire has the characteristics of being lightweight and capable of efficiently converting the energy of the pressurized fluid into mechanical motion. , can perform crushing work. Furthermore, since excessive tension is not applied to the reinforcing layer constituting the elastic expansion body, it is possible to provide a crushing device that is free from damage to the reinforcing layer and various problems caused by such damage. .

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1(a) is a longitudinal sectional view of a preferred embodiment of the present invention; FIGS. 1(b) and (C) are respective side views of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1(a); FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a sleeve that can be applied to the device shown in FIG. FIG. 8 is a vertical sectional view and a side view of a conventional crushing device. 10.30--Inner rubber layer 12.3214.34
...Outer rubber layer 16.36・18.4 (1--・
Elastic expansion body 20.4222.44... Loading plate
26.3846... Locking plate 48-hole 50-female thread portion 52-through hole 54a, 54b--locking bolt 58-locking pin 60
- Engaging piece 62 - Stopper ring reinforcing layer sealing member sleeve crimping fitting (,a)

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A reinforcing layer made of braided organic or inorganic high-tensile fibers, a tubular body made of rubber or rubber-like elastic material in which the reinforcing layer is embedded, and both ends of the tubular body are sealed; an elastic expandable body that has a sealing member that allows pressurized fluid to be supplied into the tubular body on at least one side and expands and deforms when pressurized fluid is applied; a hollow rubber or rubber that accommodates the elastic expandable body; a sleeve made of a shaped elastic material; a plurality of loading plates disposed on the outer periphery of the sleeve along its axis; 1. A crushing device comprising: restraining means for allowing movement in the direction and restraining expansion of the elastic expansion body in the axial direction.