JPH03152874A - Nonaqueous electrolytic battery - Google Patents

Nonaqueous electrolytic battery

Info

Publication number
JPH03152874A
JPH03152874A JP29022489A JP29022489A JPH03152874A JP H03152874 A JPH03152874 A JP H03152874A JP 29022489 A JP29022489 A JP 29022489A JP 29022489 A JP29022489 A JP 29022489A JP H03152874 A JPH03152874 A JP H03152874A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
aluminum
additive metal
aqueous electrolyte
battery
negative electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP29022489A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2804549B2 (en
Inventor
Chikanori Ishibashi
石橋 親典
Koji Nishio
晃治 西尾
Sanehiro Furukawa
古川 修弘
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sanyo Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Sanyo Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP1290224A priority Critical patent/JP2804549B2/en
Publication of JPH03152874A publication Critical patent/JPH03152874A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2804549B2 publication Critical patent/JP2804549B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • Y02E60/12

Landscapes

  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Primary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To raise working voltage and improve discharge characteristics by using a negative electrode made of an additive metal having standard electrode potential lower than aluminum and an aluminum alloy, and nonaqueous electrolytic liquid made of a solvent and aluminum salt. CONSTITUTION:A negative electrode is made of an aluminum alloy comprising an additive metal having lower standard electrode potential than aluminum, and aluminum. In particular, an aluminum alloy comprising the aforesaid additive metal and an aluminum solid solution is used. In this case, mixed electrode potential of the additive metal and aluminum is generated, and the potential of the negative electrode becomes lower, thereby raising the electro motive force of the battery and enhancing working voltage. In addition, Ca, Ba, Mg, Li, Na, K, Nd, Rb, Sr or the like is used as the additive metal having the lower standard electrode potential than aluminum. Also, AlCl3, Al(ClO1)2, LiAlCl or the like is used as aluminum salt.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 (イ)産業上の利用分野 本発明は、アルミニウム合金を負極に用いた非水電解′
at池に関する。
Detailed Description of the Invention (a) Industrial Application Field The present invention is directed to non-aqueous electrolysis using an aluminum alloy as a negative electrode.
Regarding at pond.

(ロ)従来の技術 アルミニウムからなる負極を用いた非水電解液電池は、
高エネルギー密度、低自己放電率及び低コストであると
いう利点を有すると考えられる。
(b) Conventional technology A non-aqueous electrolyte battery using a negative electrode made of aluminum is
It is believed to have the advantages of high energy density, low self-discharge rate and low cost.

そして、これは、アルミニウムの体積当りの理論エネル
ギー密度が8041. Ah/jであり、リチウムの4
倍に相当する。また、単位エネルギー当りのコストが0
.67円/Ahであり、リチウムの178に相当するこ
とに基づく。
This means that the theoretical energy density per volume of aluminum is 8041. Ah/j and 4 of lithium
Equivalent to twice as much. Also, the cost per unit energy is 0
.. It is based on the fact that it is 67 yen/Ah, which is equivalent to 178 yen for lithium.

しかし、アルミニウムの表面には不働態皮膜が存在する
ためアルミニウムの電極電位が、標準電位より約1■貴
となり、正極活物質としてのMn01、■、01、Cr
 Ox等と組み合わせて電池を作製した場合、作動電圧
が約1.3〜′程度となる。
However, since there is a passive film on the surface of aluminum, the electrode potential of aluminum is about 1■ nobler than the standard potential, and Mn01, ■, 01, Cr as a positive electrode active material
When a battery is produced in combination with Ox, etc., the operating voltage will be about 1.3 to '.

その結果、既存のアルカリ乾電池、銀電池に比べて、作
動電圧が低くなってしまうという問題かある。
As a result, there is a problem in that the operating voltage is lower than that of existing alkaline dry batteries and silver batteries.

(ハ)発明が解決しようとする課題 本発明は前記問題点に鑑みてなされたものであって、ア
ルミニウムを負極活物質として用いた非水電解液電池の
作動電圧を向上させて、放電特性に優れた電池を提供し
ようとするものである。
(c) Problems to be Solved by the Invention The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to improve the discharge characteristics by improving the operating voltage of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery using aluminum as a negative electrode active material. The aim is to provide superior batteries.

(ニ)課題を解決するための手段 本発明の非水電解液電池は、アルミニウムより標準電極
電位が卑である添加金属とアルミニウムとよりなるアル
ミニウム合金特に前記添加金属とアルミニウムの固(容
体よりなるアルミニウム合金からなる負極と、正極と、
溶媒及びアルミニウム塩からなる非水電解液とから構成
されことを特徴とするものである。
(d) Means for Solving the Problems The non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is an aluminum alloy made of aluminum and an additive metal whose standard electrode potential is less noble than that of aluminum, particularly a solid (container) of the additive metal and aluminum. A negative electrode made of an aluminum alloy, a positive electrode,
It is characterized by being composed of a solvent and a non-aqueous electrolyte consisting of an aluminum salt.

そして、このアルミニウムより標準電極電位が卑である
前記添加金属としては、Ca、Ba、Mg、Li、Na
、K、Nd、Rb、Srからなる群より選択された少な
くとも1種を用いることができる。
The additive metals whose standard electrode potential is less noble than aluminum include Ca, Ba, Mg, Li, and Na.
, K, Nd, Rb, and Sr.

また、前記アルミニウム塩としては、AlCl3、A 
l (CJ! 04)s、LiAlCゑ、からなる群よ
り選択された少なくとも1種を使用するのが好ましい。
Further, as the aluminum salt, AlCl3, A
It is preferable to use at least one selected from the group consisting of (CJ! 04)s and LiAlC.

(ホ)作 用 非水電解液電池の負極としてアルミニウムより標準電極
電位が卑である添加金属とアルミニウムとよりなるアル
ミニウム合金、特にO1j記添加金属とアルミニウムの
固溶体よりなるアルミニウム合金を用いた場合、前記添
加金属と前記アルミニウムとの混成電位を生じ、負極の
電極電位が卑となるので、電池の起電力が増大し、作動
電圧の向上を図ることができる。
(E) Effect When using an aluminum alloy made of aluminum and an additive metal whose standard electrode potential is less noble than that of aluminum, especially an aluminum alloy made of a solid solution of aluminum and the additive metal listed in O1j, as the negative electrode of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery, A mixed potential is generated between the additive metal and the aluminum, and the electrode potential of the negative electrode becomes base, so that the electromotive force of the battery increases and the operating voltage can be improved.

そして、アルミニウムより標準電極電位が卑である前記
添加金属としては、Ca、Ba、Mg、Li、Na、K
、Nd、Rb、Sr等を用いるのが放電特性上好ましい
The additive metals whose standard electrode potential is less noble than aluminum include Ca, Ba, Mg, Li, Na, and K.
, Nd, Rb, Sr, etc. are preferable from the viewpoint of discharge characteristics.

また、前記アルミニウム塩としては、AlCl111.
At’(CFO,)、、L i 、A N (: l 
、等を使用するのが望ましい。
Further, as the aluminum salt, AlCl111.
At'(CFO,),, L i , A N (: l
, etc. are preferable.

(へ)実施例 以下K、本発明の実施例と比較例との対比に言及し詳述
する。
(F) EXAMPLES In the following K, a comparison between Examples of the present invention and Comparative Examples will be described in detail.

◎実験l (実施例1) 電解二酸化マンガン90重量%K、導電材としての黒鉛
5重量%、結着剤としてのフッ素樹脂粉末を5電歇%加
えて混1した後、この混合物を加圧成型して、径15.
0mm、厚みl、5mmの成型体を得た。この成型体を
250〜350℃の温度で熱処理して正極とする。
◎Experiment 1 (Example 1) After adding and mixing 90% by weight of electrolytic manganese dioxide, K, 5% by weight of graphite as a conductive material, and 5% by weight of fluororesin powder as a binder, this mixture was pressurized. Molded to a diameter of 15.
A molded body of 0 mm, thickness 1, and 5 mm was obtained. This molded body is heat-treated at a temperature of 250 to 350°C to form a positive electrode.

一方、負極は、厚みが約0.2MのA l −Ca合金
板を9 + 2 、0 mmに打ち抜いたものである。
On the other hand, the negative electrode was made by punching out an Al-Ca alloy plate with a thickness of about 0.2M to a thickness of 9 + 2.0 mm.

このアルミニウム合金は、Ca(アルミニウムより標準
電極電位が卑である添加金属)を1重量%含んでいる。
This aluminum alloy contains 1% by weight of Ca (an additive metal whose standard electrode potential is less noble than that of aluminum).

非水電解液は、アセトニトリルにアルミニウム塩として
の塩化アルミニウム[AJICJ!、]を1モh/l溶
解させたものを用い、又セパレータはポリプロピレン不
織布を用いて、直径2o、oM、厚み2.51nmの電
池を作製し、本発明電池Aとした。
The non-aqueous electrolyte is acetonitrile and aluminum chloride as an aluminum salt [AJICJ! ] was dissolved at 1 moh/l, and a polypropylene nonwoven fabric was used as a separator to prepare a battery having a diameter of 2 oM and a thickness of 2.51 nm, which was designated as a battery A of the present invention.

(実施例2) 前記実施例1において用いた塩化アルミニウムに代えて
、過塩素酸アルミニウム[Aj!(c41!01JI]
を用いた以外は同様にして、本発明電池Bを作製した。
(Example 2) In place of the aluminum chloride used in Example 1, aluminum perchlorate [Aj! (c41!01JI]
Battery B of the present invention was produced in the same manner except that .

(実施例3) 前記実施例1において用いた塩化アルミニウムに代えて
、塩化アルミニウムリチウム(LiAJIC!、)を用
いた以外は同様にして、本発明電池Cを作製した。
(Example 3) A battery C of the present invention was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that lithium aluminum chloride (LiAJIC!) was used in place of the aluminum chloride used in Example 1.

(比 較 例) 前記実施例1において用いた負極としてのアルミニウム
合金に代えて、アルミニウム金属を用いた以外は同様に
して、比較電池りを作製した。
(Comparative Example) A comparative battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that aluminum metal was used instead of the aluminum alloy as the negative electrode used in Example 1.

これらの電池A、B、C,Dを用い、電池の放電特性を
比較した。この時の条件は、温度25℃において負荷l
Ok!Iで、各電池を放電するというものである。
Using these batteries A, B, C, and D, the discharge characteristics of the batteries were compared. The conditions at this time are a load of l at a temperature of 25°C.
Ok! I to discharge each battery.

この結果を、第1図に示す。これより、本発明電池A、
B、C1は、比較電池りに比して、放電作動電圧が高く
、放電容量が大きいことが理解される。
The results are shown in FIG. From this, the present invention battery A,
It is understood that B and C1 have higher discharge operating voltage and larger discharge capacity than the comparative batteries.

◎実験2 前記実験1では、溶質であるアルミニウム塩を変化させ
て電池を構成したが、ここでは負極のアルミニウム合金
に使用せる金属を種々変えて電池を作製し、その特性を
比較した。
◎Experiment 2 In Experiment 1, batteries were constructed by changing the aluminum salt as the solute, but here, batteries were fabricated using various metals used in the aluminum alloy of the negative electrode, and their characteristics were compared.

第1表K、この結果を示す。第1表では、電池の放電時
の作動電圧が示しである。
Table 1 K shows the results. Table 1 shows the operating voltage during discharge of the battery.

尚、アルミニウム合金中のアルミニウムより標準電極電
位が卑である添加金属の量は、1重量%に固定しである
Note that the amount of the added metal whose standard electrode potential is less noble than aluminum in the aluminum alloy is fixed at 1% by weight.

以下余白 第  1  表 第1表より、本発明電池は、比較電池に比して、作動電
圧が高いものであり、優れた放電特性を有するものであ
ることがわかる。
Table 1 Table 1 shows that the battery of the present invention has a higher operating voltage and excellent discharge characteristics than the comparative battery.

ここでは、アルミニウム合金中のアルミニウムより卑な
標準電極電位を有する添加金属の添加量を1重量0石と
しているが、その添加量は、アルミニウムと固溶体化し
、アルミニウム合金を形成する範囲内であ11ば良い。
Here, the amount of the additive metal having a standard electrode potential less base than aluminum in the aluminum alloy is set to 1 wt. Good.

尚、固溶体を形成しない即ち合金化していない添加金属
が存在すると、電池の作動電圧が2段となり、平坦性の
悪い放電特性となるので好ましいとは言えない。
It should be noted that the presence of an additive metal that does not form a solid solution, that is, is not alloyed, is not preferable because the operating voltage of the battery becomes two stages, resulting in poor discharge characteristics.

◎実験3 1111記実験2では、負極のアルミニウム合金[1月
こ含まれる添加金属の種類を変化させて電池を構成した
が、ここではその添加量を種々変えて電池を作製し、そ
の放電特性を比較した。このときの各電池の作製条件は
、前記実施例1と同様とした。
◎Experiment 3 In Experiment 2 of 1111, batteries were constructed by changing the types of additive metals contained in the negative electrode aluminum alloy. compared. The manufacturing conditions for each battery at this time were the same as in Example 1 above.

また、この時の放電条件は、25℃の温度で負荷10に
Ωにて各電池を放電するというものである。
Further, the discharge conditions at this time were that each battery was discharged at a temperature of 25° C. and a load of 10 Ω.

この結果を、第2図乃至第5図に示す。第2図は添加金
属としてBaを用いた場合、第3図は添加金属としてC
aを用いた場合、第1図は添加金属としてL iを用い
た場合、第5図は添加金属としてM gを用いた場合を
、それぞれ示す。
The results are shown in FIGS. 2 to 5. Figure 2 shows the case where Ba is used as the additive metal, and Figure 3 shows the case where C is used as the additive metal.
FIG. 1 shows the case when Li is used as the additive metal, and FIG. 5 shows the case when Mg is used as the additive metal.

この結果より、Baの添加量は15重量%以下(第2図
参照j、Caの添加量は1.5重量06以下(第3図参
照j、Liの添加針は40重量%以下(第1図参照」、
11gの添加量は15.0重量%以下(第5図参照ノと
することにより、作動電圧が2段になることが抑制さノ
し、作動電圧が高い状態に維持さノすることか理解でき
る。尚、ここで作動電圧とは、放電曲線が略平坦なとこ
ろの電1玉を表している。但し、前記添加範囲を越える
と添加金属とアルミニウムが固溶体とならない部分も生
じ、電池の作動電圧が2段となってしまうので好ましい
とは言えない。
From these results, the amount of Ba added is 15% by weight or less (see Figure 2), the amount of Ca added is 1.5% by weight or less (see Figure 3), and the amount of Li added is 40% by weight or less (see Figure 3). See figure”,
It can be understood that by setting the addition amount of 11g to 15.0% by weight or less (see Figure 5), the operating voltage is prevented from becoming two stages, and the operating voltage is maintained in a high state. Note that the operating voltage here refers to one cell when the discharge curve is approximately flat.However, if the above addition range is exceeded, there will be a portion where the added metal and aluminum do not form a solid solution, and the operating voltage of the battery will decrease. This cannot be said to be preferable because it results in two stages.

本発明において固溶体とは、異なる物質即ち添加金属と
アルミニウムとが互いに均一に溶けあった固相を意味し
、負極のアルミニウム合金が固溶体を形成することによ
り、この種電源において混成電位が得られ、作動電圧が
一段となって高い状態に維持されるものである。
In the present invention, a solid solution refers to a solid phase in which different substances, that is, additive metal and aluminum are uniformly dissolved in each other, and by forming a solid solution with the aluminum alloy of the negative electrode, a mixed potential can be obtained in this type of power source, The operating voltage is maintained at a higher level.

(ト)発明の効果 本発明の如く、負極としてアルミニウムより標111;
電極電位が卑である添加金属とアルミニウムより 】 0 フなるアルミニウム合金、特に前記添加金属とアルミニ
ウムの固溶体よりなるアルミニウム合金を用いた非水電
解液電池は、放電作動電圧が高く、優れた放電特性を有
するものであり、その工業的価値は極めて大きい。
(g) Effects of the invention As in the present invention, the negative electrode is made of aluminum 111;
A non-aqueous electrolyte battery using an aluminum alloy, especially an aluminum alloy consisting of a solid solution of the additive metal and aluminum, has a high discharge operating voltage and excellent discharge characteristics. Therefore, its industrial value is extremely large.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of the drawing]

第1図は電池の放電特性図、第2図乃至第5図は添加金
属量と電池の作動電圧を示す図であり、第2図は添加金
属としてBaを用いた場合、第3図は添加金属としてC
aを用いた場合、第4図はLiを用いた場合、第5図は
Mgを用いた場合をそれぞれ示す。 A、B、C・・・本発明電池、 D・・・比較電池。
Figure 1 is a discharge characteristic diagram of the battery, Figures 2 to 5 are diagrams showing the amount of added metal and the operating voltage of the battery, Figure 2 shows the case where Ba is used as the added metal, and Figure 3 shows the amount of added metal. C as a metal
FIG. 4 shows the case where Li is used, and FIG. 5 shows the case where Mg is used. A, B, C...Battery of the present invention, D...Comparison battery.

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 1 アルミニウムより標準電極電位が卑である添加金属
とアルミニウムとよりなるアルミニウム合金からなる負
極と、正極と、溶媒及びアルミニウム塩よりなる非水電
解液とから構成されることを特徴とする非水電解液電池
。 2 前記アルミニウム合金が、前記添加金属とアルミニ
ウムの固溶体よりなることを特徴とする請求項1記載の
非水電解液電池。 3 アルミニウムより標準電極電位が卑である前記添加
金属は、Ba、Ca、Mg、Li、Na、K、Nd、R
b、Srからなる群より選択された少なくとも1種であ
ることを特徴とする請求項1記載の非水電解液電池。 4 前記アルミニウム塩がAlCl_3、Al(ClO
_4)_3、LiAlCl_4からなる群より選択され
た少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1記載
の非水電解液電池。
[Claims] 1. Consisting of a negative electrode made of an aluminum alloy made of aluminum and an additive metal whose standard electrode potential is less noble than that of aluminum, a positive electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte made of a solvent and an aluminum salt. Characteristic non-aqueous electrolyte batteries. 2. The non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy is made of a solid solution of the additive metal and aluminum. 3. The additive metals whose standard electrode potential is more base than aluminum include Ba, Ca, Mg, Li, Na, K, Nd, and R.
2. The non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte battery is at least one selected from the group consisting of Sr, B, and Sr. 4 The aluminum salt is AlCl_3, Al(ClO
The non-aqueous electrolyte battery according to claim 1, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte battery is at least one selected from the group consisting of _4)_3 and LiAlCl_4.
JP1290224A 1989-11-08 1989-11-08 Non-aqueous electrolyte battery Expired - Fee Related JP2804549B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1290224A JP2804549B2 (en) 1989-11-08 1989-11-08 Non-aqueous electrolyte battery

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP1290224A JP2804549B2 (en) 1989-11-08 1989-11-08 Non-aqueous electrolyte battery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH03152874A true JPH03152874A (en) 1991-06-28
JP2804549B2 JP2804549B2 (en) 1998-09-30

Family

ID=17753364

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP1290224A Expired - Fee Related JP2804549B2 (en) 1989-11-08 1989-11-08 Non-aqueous electrolyte battery

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP2804549B2 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013164924A (en) * 2012-02-09 2013-08-22 Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc Nonaqueous battery
JP2014165001A (en) * 2013-02-25 2014-09-08 Honda Motor Co Ltd Negative electrode active material for secondary batteries and method for manufacturing the same

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS56103873A (en) * 1980-01-24 1981-08-19 Nobuyuki Koura A /fes2 secondary battery having an organic electrolyte

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS56103873A (en) * 1980-01-24 1981-08-19 Nobuyuki Koura A /fes2 secondary battery having an organic electrolyte

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013164924A (en) * 2012-02-09 2013-08-22 Toyota Central R&D Labs Inc Nonaqueous battery
JP2014165001A (en) * 2013-02-25 2014-09-08 Honda Motor Co Ltd Negative electrode active material for secondary batteries and method for manufacturing the same
US9373840B2 (en) 2013-02-25 2016-06-21 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Negative electrode active material for secondary battery and method for producing the same

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Publication number Publication date
JP2804549B2 (en) 1998-09-30

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