JPH03134965A - Solid electrolyte type fuel cell - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent the warping of a unit cell, prevent the mixed contact of reaction gas, and facilitate manufacture by laminating a substrate laminatingly supporting a unit cell and a substrate supporting an inter-connector in turn. CONSTITUTION:A porous substrate 2 and a dense substrate 3 are formed with NiO and ZrO2. A unit cell 30 constituted of a fuel electrode 5, a solid electrolyte body 6 and an oxidizer electrode 7 is formed on one of main faces of a substrate 31B, and a guide blade 32 feeding H2 gas is provided on the other face of the substrate 31B. An oxidizer gas feed hole 9 and a fuel gas feed hole 10 are provided on the substrate 3, and a fine hole 11 communicate from the hole 10 to the substrate 2 is provided. A gas sealing glass ring groove 12 is provided around the hole 9. A unit cell plate is manufactured as follows: ZrO2 powder is mixed with NiO, it is press-molded into a disk, which is sintered to obtain the substrate 3. The substrate 3 thus obtained is crushed into powder. A dense disk is placed at the center of a disk-shaped die, the crushed powder is filled on the periphery, then it is press-molded and sintered to obtain the substrate 31B. The fuel electrode 5, electrolyte body 6 and oxidizer electrode 7 are welded by plasma-flame spraying.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a solid electrolyte fuel cell, and particularly to the structure of a gas manifold.

[Conventional technology]

Fuel cells using oxide solid electrolytes such as zirconia are
Because its operating temperature is as high as 800-1100℃,
It has high power generation efficiency, does not require a catalyst, and is easy to handle because the electrolyte is solid, so it is expected to be used as a third-generation fuel cell.

However, solid electrolyte fuel cells have been difficult to realize because their main constituent material is ceramic, which makes them susceptible to thermal damage, and there is no advanced gas sealing method. Therefore, a cylindrical fuel cell with a special shape was devised, and the above two problems were solved, and the battery operation test was successful.The power generation density per unit volume of the battery is low and it is economically advantageous. There is no prospect of obtaining anything yet. 0 In order to increase the power generation density, it is necessary to make it a flat plate type. A known planar fuel cell has a structure shown in an exploded perspective view of FIG. 4, for example.

This type of fuel cell has a single cell 112 (consisting of a solid electrolyte plate 112A, electrodes 112B, and 112C).
and separates &111 are alternately stacked, and different reaction gases are flowed into the grooves perpendicular to the v weight of the separate plates.

[Invention or problem to be solved]

The reactant gas is individually introduced into the fuel cell using an external waste manifold (not shown).
It is necessary to perform a casseal to separate &l11. Separate from single cell to perform cassealing &
Is it possible to sinter the 111 and 111 together? In this method, since the single cell and the separate plate are made of different materials, it is not possible to sinter them together due to the slight variation in thermal expansion coefficient and uneven temperature distribution. Cracks occur on the body.

The necessity of cassealing between the single cell and the separate cassettes is due to the fact that the reaction scum flows sterically intersectingly. In addition, it is desirable to make a single cell thin in order to lower the internal resistance of the battery, but if the thickness is thin, there may be problems with warping during the manufacture of the single cell.

This invention has been made in view of the above points, and its purpose is to provide a solid oxide fuel cell that is easy to manufacture and has less mixing of reaction scum by improving the method of forming a single cell and the gas flow path for reaction scum. There is a particular thing.

[Means to solve the problem]

The above-mentioned object according to the present invention has a single cell 30, an interconnector 17, and substrates 31A, 3113, and the cell is composed of an oxidizer electrode, a solid electrolyte body, and a fuel electrode, and is placed on the substrate. The interconnector is a dense layer formed on another substrate, and the substrate is composed of a dense layer 3, 15 in the center and a porous substrate 2, 14 in the surrounding area. The porous substrate has reaction scum supply holes 9 and 10 that are close together, and the porous substrate has guide wings 32 for supplying the reaction scum to the AiJ oxidizer electrode and the fuel gas. This can be achieved by assuming that the substrates on which the cells are laminated and supported and the substrates on which the MrJ interconnector is formed are alternately laminated. The oxidizer electrode and fuel electrode are formed porous. The solid electrolyte body is formed densely. The porous substrate diffuses the oxidizing gas and fuel gas, which are reaction residues, and supplies the reactive gases to the oxidizing agent electrode and the fuel electrode, respectively. The solid electrolyte body and the interconnector prevent the oxidizer scum from coming into contact with the fuel gas. The solid electrolyte is an ionically conductive material that generates an electromotive force when oxidizer scum and fuel scum are supplied.

[Effect]

Since the single cell is formed on a substrate, it can be made thin without warping.

Denseness of Substrate) Since reaction gas supply holes are provided by advancing the substrate, each reaction scum can flow radially within the porous substrate, separated from each other by the dense solid electrolyte body and the interconnector.

The dense substrate prevents reaction scum from coming into contact with the reaction gas supply holes.

〔Example〕

(5) Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on the drawings.

(Example 1) The plan view and FIG. 1 tbl are a sectional view taken along the line A-A. The porous substrate 2 and the dense substrate 3 are formed from N+0 and ZrO2. A single cell layer consisting of a fuel electrode 5, a solid disintegration body 6, and an oxidizer electrode 7 is formed on one surface of the porous substrate, and a guide blade 32 through which H2 scum flows is provided on the other surface of the porous substrate. It is being Further, the dense substrate 3 is provided with an oxidant gas supply hole 9 and a fuel gas supply hole 10, and a narrow groove 11 that communicates from the fuel gas supply hole 10 to the porous substrate 2 is provided. A glass groove 12 for gas sealing is provided around the oxidant gas supply hole 9 on the surface through which the H2 gas flows.

Such a cell plate is prepared as follows.

That is, first of all, about 0.1 μm of summer NjO and Zr0z <7
) The powders are mixed, press-molded into a disk with a thickness of 2' mm, and then sintered at 1500°C to obtain a dense substrate 3. Next, the substrate obtained in the same manner as in (6) is crushed to obtain a powder of about 10 μm. A dense disc is placed in the center of a disc-shaped gold ingot, and crushed powder is placed around it. After press molding, it is sintered at 1300°C, and the surrounding area is made into a perforated shape to form the group &31B necessary for the present invention. obtain. Next, the fuel electrode 5, solid electrolyte body 6, and oxidizer electrode 7 are sequentially formed by plasma spraying.

FIG. 2 shows a substrate (separate &) on which interconnectors according to an embodiment of the present invention are stacked and supported, and the second r'lJ
(al is a plan view, FIG. 2 (bl is a BB arrow view. The porous substrate 14 and the dense substrate 15 are made of lanthanum manganite (LaalnO3). One is lanthanum chromite (LaCr03)
An interconnector 17 is provided on the other side, and a guide piece 32 for guiding air is provided on the other side. Being ignored.

The dense substrate 15 is provided with two oxidant gas supply holes 9 and two fuel gas supply holes 10, and a narrow groove 21 that communicates from the oxidant gas supply holes 9 to the porous substrate. A glass ring groove 2 for gas sealing is provided around the fuel scum supply hole 10.
2 are provided.

Such a separate plate is prepared as follows. Q. La M no 3 powder of about 1 pm to a thickness of 2
After press-forming into a disc with a diameter of 'mm, the material is sintered at 1300°C to obtain a dense substrate. Next, the disk obtained in the same manner is crushed to obtain a powder of 10 μm and 8 degrees. A dense substrate is placed in the center of a disc-shaped mold, the pulverized powder is tied around the periphery, and after press molding, it is sintered at 1100°C, and the surrounding area is made into a perforated shape to form the base &318 necessary for invention. get.

It is a sectional view showing a battery. The glass layer becomes molten during operation of the battery, ensuring a gas seal. The reactant gas is accumulated and discharged around the exposed battery.

(Example 2) A dense substrate made of LaCr OB and a porous substrate made of N+0 and ZrO2 (both not shown) were bonded to alumina cell L.
a Separate plates can be prepared by bonding a dense IN and substrate made of CrO3 and a porous noble substrate made of LaMn and 03 (both shown in the figure) with alumina cement, and supporting interconnectors in a laminated manner. Instead of LaCr03, Su203
You can also use

〔Effect of the invention〕

According to this invention, a single cell, an interconnector, a substrate,
A single cell consists of an oxidizer image, a solid electrolyte body, and a fuel electrode and is supported in layers on a substrate, and an interconnector is a dense layer formed on another substrate. The substrate consists of a dense substrate at the center and a porous substrate at the periphery, the dense substrate has a reaction residue supply hole passing through it, the porous substrate has a guide piece, and the oxidant electrode and a reactant gas is supplied to the fuel electrode, and the substrate on which the single cells are laminated and supported and the substrate on which the interconnector is formed are alternately PJNed, so that the single cells can be formed thinly on the substrate without warping. In addition, the reaction gas is separated by the dense solid electrolyte body and the (9) interconnector, and is radially shifted by θ. At this time, the reaction gas supply hole is prevented from leaking by the dense substrate, and as a result, the reaction gas is easily manufactured and A solid decomposition type fuel cell with less contamination can be obtained.

FIG. 1 shows a single x plate according to an embodiment of the present invention. Such a separate plate is shown in FIG. 2 [al is a plan view, FIG. FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing a conventional solid oxide fuel cell.

2: Porous substrate, 3: Dense substrate, 9: Oxidizing gas supply hole, 10: Fuel gas supply hole, 14: Porous substrate, 15:
Dense substrate, 17: Interconnector, 3o2 single cell, 3
1A, 31B: Board, 32: Guide piece.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1) It has a single cell, an interconnector, and a substrate, and the single cell is composed of an oxidizing agent electrode, a solid electrolyte body, and a fuel electrode, and is supported in layers on the substrate. , the interconnector is a dense layer formed on another substrate, and the substrate consists of a dense substrate in the center and a porous substrate in the periphery, and the dense substrate has reaction gas supply holes that pass through it. , the porous substrate has guide vanes and supplies a reactive gas to the oxidizer electrode and the fuel electrode, and the substrate supporting the single cell and the substrate forming the interconnector are alternately stacked. 1. A solid oxide fuel cell characterized in that: