JPH03123418A - Artificial culturing method of shiitake mushroom - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To harvest high-quality shiitake mushroom in large quantities by adding granules formed of powdery grains of rice, wheat flour or barley or total grains of corns or pulses or ground matter thereof into a culture medium as a part of nutrient source and then using it as a culture medium. CONSTITUTION:(A) At least one among granules (having 2-10 mm granule size) formed of powdery grains of rice, wheat, barley, corn, etc., or total grains of grains such as rich, wheat, barley, etc., or pulses such as soya bean, red bean, etc., or ground substance thereof (having 1-8 mm grain size), of 5-40 wt. % based on total culture medium is added to (B) sawdust and granules of grains such as rice bran and wheat bran to afford a culture medium having 50-70 wt. % water content. Shiitake mushroom is artificially cultured using the above- mentioned culture medium.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a method for artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms, and particularly to a method for artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms suitable for producing high-quality mushrooms.

[Conventional technology]

Artificial cultivation of shiitake mushrooms has traditionally been carried out exclusively using so-called hoda wood, but reflecting the situation of difficulty in obtaining raw wood resources and deterioration of labor productivity, nameko mushrooms, oyster mushrooms,
Like enoki mushrooms, there are growing expectations for artificial cultivation (hereinafter referred to as sawdust cultivation) using a synthetic medium such as a mixture of rice bran and sawdust.

Shiitake mushroom sawdust cultivation method is conventional nameko, oyster mushroom,
Similar to enoki mushrooms, mushrooms are grown by filling bottles or bags with a medium made of rice bran, sawdust, etc., spreading mycelia in the medium, and then changing environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, Co2 concentration, and illuminance. Basically, attempts are being made to generate

However, while for companies such as Nameco, the product image for consumers is determined by products grown in bottles or bags, for Shiitake mushrooms, products grown on Hoda trees play a role.

In other words, products grown using the sawdust method cannot be commercialized unless they are guaranteed to have the same quality as products grown using sawdust.

In addition, in Shiitake cultivation using the Hoda tree method, generation and harvesting are usually performed at least several times on one Hoda tree.

The principle of causing multiple outbreaks in this way is basically the same in the case of shiitake cultivation using the sawdust method, and one or two occurrences is considered to be a tentative guideline for profitability. It is usually impossible to obtain a mushroom yield of more than 30%. Therefore, Shiitake mushroom cultivation using the sawdust method also necessitates multiple outbreaks, but as the growth occurs at a higher level, the mushrooms obtained are small and have low commercial value.

[Problem to be solved by the invention]

As mentioned above, shiitake mushroom cultivation using the sawdust method is carried out with reference to artificial cultivation methods for nameko mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, etc. However, these mushrooms are sold as packaged units of dozens of small mushrooms, and the weight of each mushroom is as small as 5 g at most, whereas shiitake mushrooms weigh half as much as the mushrooms mentioned above. It is characterized by being larger than its kind.

In shiitake mushroom sawdust cultivation, mushrooms generally grow in large numbers, but rice bran and bran, which are added as nutritional sources to shorten the cultivation period, are easily decomposed, so in high-level growth, mushrooms do not have enough mycelium. No accumulation will occur, and only small mushrooms will appear. In order to increase the commercial value of shiitake mushrooms obtained by sawdust cultivation, it is necessary to increase the amount of mushrooms produced, each weighing 10 g or more. For this purpose, it is important not only to select the inoculum but also to ensure that the medium retains sufficient nutritional sources necessary for hyphal elongation even during high-level development.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms that makes it possible to obtain high-quality mushrooms in high yields.

[Means to solve the problem]

The above purpose is to mix sawdust with easily decomposable nutrients such as rice bran and bran in the preparation of the culture medium, as well as granular molded products of these nutrients, or grains and legumes such as rice, wheat, and soybeans, in whole grain or crushed state; This is achieved by retaining sufficient nutritional sources for hyphal elongation even in higher-order development.

[Effect]

When shiitake mushrooms are grown in a sawdust medium, mushroom primordia develop on the surface of the medium only when the mycelium in the medium reaches a sufficient concentration to produce mushrooms. When cultivation conditions are optimized, shiitake mushrooms will emerge one after another, but the resulting mushrooms will gradually become smaller in size.

The reason for this is thought to be as follows.

Mycelium during cultivation accumulates in large quantities in the medium using decomposable rice bran, bran, etc. as a nutrient source, and the first or second mushrooms that grow using this hyphae are relatively thick. . On the other hand, during the generation process, the hyphae grow in the medium and increase their amount, but most of the easily degradable nutrients necessary for active hyphal growth are consumed during the cultivation before the first mushroom generation. Therefore, after the mushroom generation operation is started, sawdust will play an important role as a nutritional source.

In other words, in higher-level mushroom development, mycelium accumulates due to the decomposition of sawdust, but since the rate of decomposition of sawdust is slow, the amount of mycelium that can be used is small, and mushrooms occur after several times. The mushrooms that do this will be small in size.

Since rice bran and bran are in powder form, hyphae can decompose and absorb them in a short period of time. Since it gradually breaks down these particles from the outside, it can supply nutrients over a long period of time. Therefore, if granular molded nutrients or whole grains or crushed grains or legumes are added, these slow-acting nutrients will remain in the medium sufficiently even after the mushroom generation operation is started. Compared to a medium containing only easily decomposable nutrients such as sawdust, rice bran, and wheat bran, the hyphae grow more actively and the amount of accumulated hyphae increases, resulting in larger mushrooms after several successive outbreaks. .

Shiitake mushrooms have a greater ability to decompose wood than other mushrooms, so in higher stages of development, sawdust is decomposed and used as a nutrient source, causing the medium to shrink and reducing mushroom yields. In order to reduce this medium shrinkage, it is possible to add wood chips (if granulated sawdust is used, the decomposition rate by mycelia is higher than that of wood chips and lower than that of powdered sawdust, so It can reduce shrinkage and also provide nutrients to the mushrooms.

〔Example〕

Next, the present invention will be explained in detail by way of examples.

Figure 1 shows an overview of the sawdust cultivation method for shiitake mushrooms.The method of the present invention is characterized by the medium material, and there are no particular restrictions on the operations from filling the medium to mushroom germination and growth. It's not something you receive. That is, the method of the present invention can be applied regardless of the shape and volume of the cultivation container, the amount of the medium packed, the method of sterilizing the medium, the type of inoculum and its preparation method, culture, germination, growth conditions, etc. The specific cultivation conditions are as follows.

The method of the present invention uses sawdust, rice bran, bran, and other easily decomposable nutrient sources as culture medium materials, as well as a granular molded powdered nutrient source whose decomposition rate by mycelia is higher than that of sawdust but smaller than that of rice bran and bran. Whole grains or crushed grains such as rice, wheat, soybeans, and adzuki beans are added.

Here, the whole grain in the main purpose includes the seeds that are only threshed in the case of cereals, and the grains (brown rice) obtained by removing the chaff from the seeds (paddy) in the case of rice.

The nutrient source for the granular molded product is prepared by adding a suitable amount of water to a powdered nutrient source such as rice bran or bran, alone or with sawdust added, and placing the mixture in a mold and compression molding it. Further, at this time, whole grains or crushed grains or beans may be added to the powdered nutrient source and compression molded.

The appropriate particle size of the slow-release nutrient source varies depending on the shiitake mushroom inoculum used, the tree species of sawdust, the particle size, the type of nutrient source, the particle size and amount added, the moisture content of the medium, etc. In the case of a granular molded product of a powdered nutrient source, the upper limit is preferably about 10 mm, and the lower limit is preferably 2 to 3 mm. For grains and legumes, the decomposition rate by mycelia is lower than for granular molded products, so the upper limit is 7 to 8 LI.
II11, the lower limit is preferably about 1 Peng. If the grains are larger than 8W, the cultivation period will be longer in order to use all of them as a nutrient source, and if the grains are less than 1W, the particles will expand and soften due to the heat during sterilization of the medium, and will be easily decomposed by mycelia, resulting in a high growth rate. All will be used by the next occurrence.

To prepare a medium, grains such as brown rice or wheat or legumes such as soybeans or adzuki beans are added to a predetermined amount of sawdust and an easily decomposable nutrient source and mixed well to form a medium with a moisture content of 50 to 70%. When adding granulated nutrients, they are added to the moisture-adjusted medium and mixed for a short period of time. Alternatively, add it in bulk to the bottom or center of the medium when packing.

The composition of the medium is important when adding slow-acting nutrients to increase the size of highly developed mushrooms. In order to obtain large-sized mushrooms throughout the generation period, easily decomposable nutrients such as rice bran and bran are necessary to accumulate sufficient mycelia during cultivation, and nutrients in granular moldings that serve as nutritional sources after the mushroom generation operation. It is necessary to coexist a slow-release nutrient source such as whole grains or crushed grains or legumes in the medium at an appropriate ratio. If the combined amount of the easily decomposed nutrient source and slow-release nutrient source is too large, there is a high risk that the mushrooms will be attacked by various bacteria during development, and if it is too small, the mushroom yield will be reduced. Furthermore, even if the amount added is appropriate, if the slow-acting nutrient source is small, the mushrooms that develop at higher levels will be smaller.

If the amount of slow-acting nutrient source added is too small, there will be a lack of the nutrient source necessary to obtain large mushrooms through high-level development, and if it is too large, the amount of easily degradable nutrient source will be relatively small, reducing the initial mushroom generation amount. However, if the easily degradable nutrient source is increased to avoid this, the amount of sawdust, which has a large air-holding capacity and water-holding capacity, will be reduced to a small amount, inhibiting the active elongation of mycelium, and even reducing the mushroom yield.

If the amount of easily degradable nutrients added is too small, there will be a lack of nutrients, which will reduce the mushroom yield, and if it is too large, the amount of sawdust, which has a large air-holding capacity and water-holding capacity, will decrease, and as mentioned above, the mushroom yield will decrease. Active elongation is inhibited, leading to a decrease in mushroom yield.

For the above reasons, the mixing ratio of slow-acting nutrients, easily decomposed nutrients, and sawdust varies depending on the nutrients added and the type of sawdust, but on a dry weight basis, the mixing ratio is 5 to 40:0 to 50; It is desirable to set it to about 0.

The standard sawdust used is the tree species used for cultivating shiitake mushrooms, but sawdust from other broad-leaved trees such as beech and zelkova can also be used. In addition, as easily degradable nutritional sources, bran and powder of various grains such as rice bran, bran, and corn plan can be used, and starch, yeast extract, various salts, trace elements, etc. can also be added to these as appropriate. It is.

Typical examples of grains and legumes that can be used include rice, barley, wheat, rye, oats, corn, soybeans, adzuki beans, and peanuts, but other plant seeds can be used as well. Of course.

The prepared culture medium is packed into specified bottles or bags, each sealed with a specified stopper, rubber band, stabilizer, etc., and then sterilized at 120° C. (under saturated water vapor pressure) for about 2 hours. When packed in a bottle or bag, the diameter of the tip of the medium should be 1. ocm, top is 1.5
If one or several holes are made with a stick to a diameter of about 1.2 cm, the rate of hyphal elongation can be increased.

Hereinafter, the method of the present invention will be explained in detail using bag cultivation as an example.

Sterilized cultivation bags etc. should be filled with sufficient contents (25
Wait for it to cool down (below 5°C), then crush the starter culture, about 5-2
0 g may be added almost evenly to the hole in the center of the medium and the top surface of the medium, or several seed pieces used for Hodagi cultivation may be embedded in the hole in the center of the medium and several seed pieces around it. Once the inoculation has been completed, the cultivation bag is quickly sealed again with a rubber band, etc., and transported to a culture room at a temperature of about 22° C. and a humidity of 60 to 70% to allow mycelia to grow in the medium. It usually takes about 30 days for the hyphae to extend throughout the medium. After the mycelia have spread in the medium, if the temperature is maintained at approximately 22°C while irradiating light appropriately, the culture surface will become raised, become lumpy and begin to brown 1.5 to 2 months after the start of culture, and about 3 months after the start of culture. allows mushrooms to grow. After that, temperature 16-20°C 1 humidity 90
If you keep it above %, mushrooms will appear one after another. Mushrooms that develop in the early stages are large in size, but even in higher stages of development, the hyphae grow actively using grains or beans that remain undecomposed during cultivation as a nutritional source, accumulating a large amount of hyphae, resulting in large-sized mushrooms. of mushrooms are obtained.

Next, the method of the present invention will be explained in more detail using specific examples.

Example 1 Water was added to a mixture of brown rice: rice bran: bran: beech sawdust at a mixing ratio of 10:15:15:60 on a dry weight basis to prepare a medium with a moisture content of 65%. This medium was used in a ventilation air filter. 2 kg was packed into a polypropylene cultivation bag with a 3-50 mm mark and formed into a cubic body. Next, place a diameter of 1 mm in the center of the medium.
One 5cm hole and four similar holes around it were made to reach the bottom of the bag. After sealing the opening of the bag with a rubber band, the bag was kept under saturated water vapor pressure at 120°C for 2 hours. Sterilized. After cooling, about 1 inoculum cultured in sawdust layer medium
After inoculating the 0 seed bacteria by adding 0g of the bacteria almost uniformly to the holes in the medium and the top surface of the medium, the medium was placed at a temperature of 22°C and cultured. After culturing for 90 days, the temperature is 19℃.
, humidity over 90%, illuminance 50-150J! Mushrooms were allowed to develop in open bags under ux conditions.

The first mushrooms were harvested 12 days after the sprouting treatment, and the sprouting operation was continued, with appropriate water immersion treatment, and a total of 638 g/bag of mushrooms was obtained in 78 days. At this time, mushrooms weighing more than 10g per mushroom can be harvested until 65 days after the order is placed, and the mushroom weight distribution per mushroom is 77g for 5g or less, 148g for 5 to log, and 41g for 10g or more.
It was 3g.

Example 2 A cultivation test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the medium composition was 20% brown rice, 10% rice bran, 10% wheat bran, and 60% puna sawdust by dry weight, and the culture period was 83 days.
A mushroom yield of 611 g/bag was obtained in 69 days. At this time, mushrooms weighing more than 10g per mushroom can be harvested until 56 days after the generation operation, and the weight distribution of mushrooms per mushroom is 65g for 5g or less, 107g for 5 to 10g, and 439g for 10g or more.
Met.

Example 3 A cultivation test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the medium composition was 10% wheat, 15% rice bran, 15% wheat bran, and 60% beech sawdust by dry weight, and the culture period was 92 days.
A mushroom yield of 681 g/bag was obtained after 71 days of generation operation. At this time, mushrooms weighing more than 10g per mushroom can be harvested until 58 days after the generation operation, and the mushroom weight distribution per mushroom is 5g.
Below is 51g, 5~Log is 209g, 10g or more is 4
It was 21g.

Example 4 The composition of the medium was 10% rice bran, 10% bran, 60% beech sawdust, and the remaining 20% was 0.5 mm and ! -12
A cultivation test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the rice bran granule moldings were changed in diameter in 1 mm increments between anO, and the graph shown in FIG. 2 was obtained. In a medium with a particle size of 0.5.1 m and 11 plates or more of granular nutrients added, 1 bottle L
The yield of large mushrooms of more than 80 g was 240 to 310 g/bag, which was equivalent to a medium containing only powdered nutrients.

Example 5 The medium composition was 10% rice bran, 10% bran, 60% beech sawdust, and the remaining 20% was approximately 0.2 mn+, 0.5 M by dry weight.
and 1 to 10mm increments (±0 from the displayed value)
．． A cultivation test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the diameter of the crushed soybean was changed to 2 mm (including the range of 2 mm), and the graph shown in FIG. 3 was obtained.

In the medium containing crushed soybeans with particle sizes of 0.2m, 0.5■, and 9m+n or more, the log yield per bottle is 340 to 360g.
/bag was better than a medium containing only powdered nutrients, but the value was small, less than 20% of the weight of the medium.

Comparative Example 1 A cultivation test was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the medium composition was 20% rice bran, 20% bran, and 60% beech sawdust on a dry weight basis, and the culture period was 88 days.
A mushroom yield of 62 g/bag was obtained. At this time, 32 days after the generation operation, it is no longer possible to harvest mushrooms weighing more than 10g per mushroom, and the weight distribution of mushrooms per mushroom is 5g or less.
3g, 5~Log was 237g, and 10g or more was 272g.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, according to the present invention, the medium contains easily degradable nutrients and at least one kind of granular molded products of these nutrients or whole grains or crushed grains such as rice, wheat, soybeans, etc. Since a sexual nutrient source is added, there remains a sufficient nutrient source that can be used by the hyphae even during mushroom generation operations.

For this reason, a large amount of mycelium is accumulated, and the mushrooms that are used to develop the mycelium become large in size. Therefore, such large, high-quality mushrooms can be harvested in high yields.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The first part is a process diagram showing an example of the method of artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms using artificial Hoda trees according to the present invention, Figures 2 and 3.
The figure shows one tree obtained using the artificial Hoda tree of the present invention.
It is a graph showing mushroom yield of more than g.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) In an artificial cultivation method for shiitake mushrooms using a medium obtained by adding grain powder such as rice bran and bran as a nutrient source to sawdust and adding water to this, rice is used as part of the nutrient source. Adding to the medium at least one type of granular molded powder material of cereals such as wheat, barley, and corn, or whole grains of grains such as rice, barley, and soybeans, and legumes such as adzuki beans, or crushed products thereof. A distinctive method of artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms. (2) At least one type of granular molded product of powdered grains such as rice, wheat, barley, corn, etc., whole grains of grains such as rice, barley, soybeans, legumes such as adzuki beans, or crushed products thereof, by total weight of the medium 2. The method for artificially cultivating shiitake mushrooms according to claim 1, wherein the amount of shiitake mushrooms is added to the medium in an amount of 5 to 40%.