JPH03111551A - Production of gear - Google Patents
Production of gearInfo
- Publication number
- JPH03111551A JPH03111551A JP24877489A JP24877489A JPH03111551A JP H03111551 A JPH03111551 A JP H03111551A JP 24877489 A JP24877489 A JP 24877489A JP 24877489 A JP24877489 A JP 24877489A JP H03111551 A JPH03111551 A JP H03111551A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gear
- cutting
- tooth
- marks
- tooth flank
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000009661 fatigue test Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl N-[2-hydroxy-4-(3-oxomorpholin-4-yl)phenyl]carbamate Chemical compound OC1=C(NC(=O)OCC2=CC=CC=C2)C=CC(=C1)N1CCOCC1=O FFBHFFJDDLITSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は歯車の製造方法に関する。[Detailed description of the invention] (Industrial application field) The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing gears.
（従来の技術）
歯車の製造においては、所定の疲労強度を得るために、
浸炭焼入れや窒化処理等の表面硬化処理が行われるが、
この表面硬化処理後においては、表面が非常に硬くなっ
て機械加工が困難となるため、表面硬化処理は、歯加工
後に行われている。(Prior art) In gear manufacturing, in order to obtain a predetermined fatigue strength,
Surface hardening treatments such as carburizing and quenching and nitriding are performed, but
After this surface hardening treatment, the surface becomes extremely hard and machining becomes difficult, so the surface hardening treatment is performed after tooth machining.
ところで、近時、歯車においては、より高い疲労強度が
求められており、このため、特開昭６０−２１８４２２
号公報に示すように、表面硬化処理後に、さらにショッ
トピーニングを行って圧縮残留応力を増大させようとす
るものが提案されている。By the way, in recent years, higher fatigue strength has been required for gears, and for this reason, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-218422
As shown in the above publication, a method has been proposed in which shot peening is further performed after the surface hardening treatment to increase the compressive residual stress.
（発明が解決しようとする問題点）
しかし、歯車の製造においては、歯加工の機械加工精度
による程度の差はあれ、歯加工時に、南面に、方向性の
ある切削（ホブ加工跡）・研削跡（シェービング跡）が
必ず歯すじ方向に沿って形成されることになっており、
このような方向性がある切削・研削跡は、表面硬化処理
においては、表面が非常に硬くなっているため、仮りに
、上述のショットピーニングや機械加工を行うとしても
、容易には除去できず、製品としての歯車の南面に、上
記方向性がある切削・研削跡が残留することになってい
る。このため、そのような歯車においては、負荷が厳し
くなると、応力集中に基づき、上記切削・研削跡を起点
としてクラックが発生する虞れがあり、疲労強度をより
一層向上させることは困難となっている。(Problem to be solved by the invention) However, in manufacturing gears, directional cutting (hobbing marks) and grinding are applied to the south face during gear machining, although the degree of accuracy varies depending on the machining accuracy of gear machining. The marks (shaving marks) are always formed along the tooth trace direction,
Such directional cutting/grinding marks cannot be easily removed even if shot peening or machining is performed as described above, as the surface becomes extremely hard during surface hardening treatment. , the directional cutting and grinding marks described above are to remain on the south surface of the gear as a product. For this reason, in such gears, when the load becomes severe, there is a risk that cracks will occur starting from the cutting and grinding marks due to stress concentration, making it difficult to further improve fatigue strength. There is.
これに対して、表面硬化処理前に、方向性がある切削・
研削跡を研摩して除去することが考えられる。しかし、
歯車形状は複雑であり、研摩を行うことは非常に困難で
あって現実的ではない。In contrast, directional cutting and
It is possible to remove the grinding marks by polishing. but,
The shape of the gear is complex, and polishing it is extremely difficult and impractical.
本発明は上記実情に鑑みてなされたもので、その目的は
、方向性がある切削・研削跡の弊害を簡単に改筈して疲
労強度を一層向上させる歯車の製造方法を提供すること
にある。The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned circumstances, and its purpose is to provide a method for manufacturing gears that can easily correct the adverse effects of directional cutting and grinding marks and further improve fatigue strength. .
（問題点を解決するための手段、作用）かかる目的を達
成するために本発明にあっては、歯加工を行った後、表
面硬化処理を行う歯車の製造方法において、前記歯加工
後であって前記表面硬化処理前に、ショットピーニング
により南面を粗らして、前記歯加工により形成される切
削・研削跡の方向性をなくすようにする、構成としであ
る。(Means and effects for solving the problem) In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a gear in which surface hardening treatment is performed after tooth processing. Before the surface hardening treatment, the south surface is roughened by shot peening to eliminate the directionality of cutting and grinding marks formed by the tooth processing.
上述の構成により、柔い表面状態である歯加工後であっ
て表面硬化処理前にショットピーニングを行うことから
、ショットピーニングによって南面の表面を粗して切削
・研削跡の方向性を容易になくすことができることにな
り、その切削・研削跡の方向性をなくすことにより応力
を分散して応力集中を防ぐことができることになる。こ
のため、方向性がある切削・研削跡の弊害を簡単に改善
して疲労強度を一層向上させることができることになる
。With the above configuration, shot peening is performed after tooth processing, which has a soft surface condition, but before surface hardening treatment, so shot peening can be used to roughen the south surface and easily eliminate the directionality of cutting/grinding marks. By eliminating the directionality of the cutting/grinding marks, stress can be dispersed and stress concentration can be prevented. Therefore, it is possible to easily improve the adverse effects of directional cutting/grinding marks and further improve fatigue strength.
（実施例） 以下、本発明の詳細な説明する。(Example) The present invention will be explained in detail below.
本発明の実施例に係る歯車の製造は、第１図に示す製造
プロセス１こ従ってなされる。The gear according to the embodiment of the present invention is manufactured according to manufacturing process 1 shown in FIG.
（１）すなわち、先ず、材料としての鋼材を切断し、そ
れを、熱間鍛造工程を介して、又は直接的に調質（又は
規準）等の熱処理を行う。これまでのプロセスは既知で
あり、その各工程における条件等は一般的なものが用い
られる。このため、これらの詳細については省略する。(1) First, a steel material is cut and subjected to heat treatment such as refining (or standardization) through a hot forging process or directly. The conventional process is known, and general conditions are used in each step. Therefore, these details will be omitted.
（２）次に、歯加工を行う。(2) Next, perform tooth processing.
ここで歯加工を行うのは、後工程における表面硬化処理
後に行ったのでは、材料としての鋼材が非常に硬くなっ
て歯加工を行うのが困難となるからである。The reason why the tooth processing is performed here is that if it is performed after the surface hardening treatment in the subsequent step, the steel material will become extremely hard and it will be difficult to perform the tooth processing.
この場合、この工程においては、所定寸法形状の歯車に
形成されるが、この際、第２図に示すように、南面ｌに
切削跡２、研削跡３が、加工精度による程度の差はあれ
、必ず形成される。この切削・研削跡２．３は歯ずじ方
向に沿って形成されており、該切削・研削跡２．３は方
向性を有してい、る。In this case, in this process, the gear is formed into a gear with a predetermined size and shape, but at this time, as shown in Figure 2, there are cutting marks 2 and grinding marks 3 on the south face l, although the degree varies depending on the processing accuracy. , is always formed. This cutting/grinding mark 2.3 is formed along the tooth shear direction, and the cutting/grinding mark 2.3 has directionality.
（３）次に、ショットピーニングにより歯面を粗して、
前記歯加工により形成される切削・研削跡の方向性をな
くすようにする。(3) Next, roughen the tooth surface by shot peening,
The directionality of the cutting/grinding marks formed by the tooth machining is eliminated.
これは、切削・研削跡への応力集中を防いで、該切削・
研削跡を起点としてクラックが発生することを防止する
ために行われる。これにより、歯加工により形成される
切削・研削跡による弊害を改乃することができることに
なる。This prevents stress concentration on the cutting/grinding marks and
This is done to prevent cracks from forming starting from the grinding marks. This makes it possible to improve the adverse effects caused by cutting and grinding marks formed by tooth machining.
上記ショットピーニングは、後工程における表面硬化処
理前であって前記歯加工後に行われることになっている
。これは、表面硬化処理後においては歯面が非常に硬（
なってショットピーニングにより歯面を粗しで前記切削
・研削跡の方向性をなくすことが容易ではない反面、表
面硬化処理前においては、歯面ば柔く （表面硬化処理
後のものに比べて）、ショットピーニングにより歯面を
租らすことが容易だからである。The above-mentioned shot peening is to be performed before the surface hardening treatment in the post-process and after the tooth processing. This is because the tooth surface becomes extremely hard after surface hardening treatment.
Therefore, it is not easy to eliminate the directionality of the cutting/grinding marks by roughening the tooth surface with shot peening, but on the other hand, the tooth surface is softer before surface hardening treatment (compared to that after surface hardening treatment). ), it is easy to smooth the tooth surface by shot peening.
前記ショットピーニングの条件は、ショット粒子径、シ
ョット硬さ、ショット投射速度、投射距離等を適宜選ん
で決められるが、その場合、前記切削・研削跡の方向性
がな（なるような表面粗さとすることが条件とされ、好
ましくは下記のような範囲が好ましい。すなわち、
ショット粒子径： ０．０４〜０．７ｍｍ０．０４未満
では、切削・研削跡の方向性をなくすのに、長時間を要
するため好ましくなく、０．７ｍｍを越えると、歯面な
粗くし過ぎて、逆に疲労強度が低下することになるから
である。The shot peening conditions can be determined by appropriately selecting the shot particle diameter, shot hardness, shot projection speed, projection distance, etc. In that case, the directionality of the cutting/grinding marks should be The following range is preferable: Shot particle diameter: 0.04 to 0.7 mm If it is less than 0.04 mm, it will take a long time to eliminate the directionality of cutting/grinding marks. If it exceeds 0.7 mm, the tooth surface will become too rough and the fatigue strength will decrease.
ショット硬さ：ＨＲＣ２５〜ＨＲＣ６０ＨＲ（，２５未
満では、歯面硬さより低くなるため、切削・研削跡の方
向性をなくすのに、長時間を要して好ましくなく、ＨＲ
Ｃ６０を越えると、南面を粗くし過ぎて、逆に疲労強度
が低下することになるからである。Shot hardness: HRC25 to HRC60HR (If it is less than 25, it will be lower than the tooth surface hardness, so it will take a long time to eliminate the directionality of cutting/grinding marks, which is undesirable.
This is because if it exceeds C60, the south face will become too rough and the fatigue strength will decrease.
ショット投ｑ寸速度： ５０ｍ／ｓｅｃ 〜１２０ｍ／
ｓ ｅ ｃ
５０ ｍ ／ ｓ ｅ ｃ未満では、加工力が不足し、
１２０ｍ／ｓｅｃを越えると、加工力過大で逆に南面を
粗くし、疲労強度が低下することになるからである。Shot throwing speed: 50m/sec ~120m/
If the speed is less than 50 m/sec, the machining force will be insufficient,
This is because if it exceeds 120 m/sec, the machining force becomes excessive and the south face becomes rough, resulting in a decrease in fatigue strength.
（４）次いで、表面硬化処理を行う。(4) Next, perform surface hardening treatment.
これは、歯車の表面を硬くして疲労強度を高めるために
行われる。This is done to harden the surface of the gear and increase its fatigue strength.
上記表面硬化処理としては、窒化、軟窒化処理、浸炭焼
入れ処理等が行われる。窒化、軟窒化処理は、処理温度
が比較的低く、歯加工後の歯車の変形を起こさせにくい
ことから、精度が要求されるエンジンギヤ、例えばロー
タリエンジンにおけるインナタナルギ等に適している。As the surface hardening treatment, nitriding, soft nitriding, carburizing and quenching, etc. are performed. Nitriding and nitrocarburizing are suitable for engine gears that require precision, such as internal gears in rotary engines, because the treatment temperatures are relatively low and the gears are less likely to deform after gear processing.
この各工程を経ることにより、製造された歯車の疲労強
度はより−＝−層向上することになる。By going through these steps, the fatigue strength of the manufactured gear is further improved.
−１−記製造方法に基づく効果は、表１に示す実験例に
より裏付けることができる。実験は、概略的に言えば、
前述のショットピーニングを行った疲労試験片と、該シ
ョットピーニングを行わない疲労試験片とについて、一
定の軟窒化処理（表面硬化処理）を行い、その後、疲労
強度試験を行って、疲労強度を調べた。The effects based on the manufacturing method described in -1- can be supported by the experimental examples shown in Table 1. Broadly speaking, the experiment is
The fatigue test pieces subjected to the shot peening described above and the fatigue test pieces not subjected to the shot peening were subjected to a certain soft nitriding treatment (surface hardening treatment), and then a fatigue strength test was conducted to examine the fatigue strength. Ta.
（以下余白）
表１には各実験例の実験条件とその結果について記載さ
れているが、その具体的条件等は下記のようになってい
る。(The following is a blank space) Table 1 describes the experimental conditions and results of each experimental example, and the specific conditions are as follows.
■疲労試験片
表２に示す組成２種（炭素鋼、合金鋼）の鋼を熱間鍛造
後、調質処理（焼入れ焼戻し）を施して、供試材とし、
その後、歯車形状を想定して、小野式回転曲げ疲労試験
用の直径３．０ｍｍ切欠きＲ＝１．０ｍｍの疲労試験片
を作成する。■Fatigue test piece After hot forging steels with two compositions (carbon steel, alloy steel) shown in Table 2, heat treatment (quenching and tempering) was performed to prepare test materials.
Thereafter, assuming the shape of a gear, a fatigue test piece with a diameter of 3.0 mm and a notch R=1.0 mm for the Ono type rotary bending fatigue test is created.
表２
上記調整処理条件
５４３Ｃにおいては、８５０℃Ｘ２Ｈｒ加熱後水冷する
焼入れをし、その後、６００℃×３゜５８ｒ加熱後急冷
する焼もどしを行う。Table 2 In the above adjustment processing condition 543C, quenching is performed by heating at 850° C. for 2 hours and then water cooling, and then tempering is performed by heating at 600° C. for 3° for 58 r and then rapidly cooling.
ＳＣＭ４３５は、８４０℃Ｘ ２ Ｈｒ加熱後油冷する
焼入れをし、その後、５９０℃ｘ３．５Ｈｒ加熱後急冷
する焼もどしを行う。SCM435 is quenched by heating at 840° C. for 2 hours and then oil-cooled, and then tempered by heating at 590° C. for 3.5 hours and then rapidly cooled.
■ショットピーニング
ショットピーニングを行う場合には、表３に示す２態様
について行う。■Shot peening When shot peening is performed, it is performed in two ways shown in Table 3.
表３
■窒化処理
表１に示すように、５７０℃、３時間のガス軟窒化処理
を行う。Table 3 (1) Nitriding Treatment As shown in Table 1, gas soft nitriding treatment was performed at 570° C. for 3 hours.
■疲労試験
前述のように炸裂した疲労試験片を、小野式回転曲げ疲
労試験機によって、疲労試験を行う。■Fatigue test The fatigue test piece exploded as described above is subjected to a fatigue test using an Ono rotary bending fatigue tester.
表１に示す結果によれば、水薬ｌ、２については比較例
１よりも疲労強度が向上し、水薬３．４については比較
例２よりも疲労強度が向上した。According to the results shown in Table 1, the fatigue strength of Dry Pills 1 and 2 was better than Comparative Example 1, and the fatigue strength of Dry Dry 3.4 was better than Comparative Example 2.
これは、ショットピーニングにより南面が粗らされて切
削・研削跡の方向性がないようにされ、これにより、応
力が分散されて応力集中が防がれるためであると考えら
れる。This is thought to be because the south face is roughened by shot peening to eliminate the directionality of cutting and grinding marks, thereby dispersing stress and preventing stress concentration.
（発明の効果）
本発明は以上述べたように、方向性がある切削・研削跡
の弊害を簡単に改善して疲労強度を一層向上させること
ができる。(Effects of the Invention) As described above, the present invention can easily improve the adverse effects of directional cutting/grinding marks and further improve fatigue strength.
第１図は本発明の一実施例に係る製図プロセスを示す図
、
第２図は歯加工直後を説明する図である。
１・・・歯面
２・・・切削跡
３・・・研削跡FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a drafting process according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the process immediately after tooth machining. 1... Tooth surface 2... Cutting marks 3... Grinding marks
Claims (1)
造方法において、 前記歯加工後であって前記表面硬化処理前に、ショット
ピーニングにより歯面を粗らして、前記歯加工により形
成される切削・研削跡の方向性をなくすようにする、 ことを特徴とする歯車の製造方法。(1) In a method for manufacturing a gear in which surface hardening treatment is performed after tooth processing, after the tooth processing and before the surface hardening treatment, the tooth surface is roughened by shot peening, and the tooth surface is formed by the tooth processing. A method for manufacturing gears, characterized by eliminating the directionality of cutting and grinding marks.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24877489A JPH03111551A (en) | 1989-09-25 | 1989-09-25 | Production of gear |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24877489A JPH03111551A (en) | 1989-09-25 | 1989-09-25 | Production of gear |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH03111551A true JPH03111551A (en) | 1991-05-13 |
Family
ID=17183185
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP24877489A Pending JPH03111551A (en) | 1989-09-25 | 1989-09-25 | Production of gear |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH03111551A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1013779A2 (en) * | 1998-12-24 | 2000-06-28 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Method of treating and smoothing sliding surface |
| JP2007145171A (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2007-06-14 | Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd | Dump truck |
| JP2007247832A (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-27 | Hino Motors Ltd | Gear, gearing assembly, and tooth face strength improving method |
| TWI628009B (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2018-07-01 | 和諧驅動系統股份有限公司 | Flexible externally toothed gear for strain wave gearing and method for manufacturing same |
-
1989
- 1989-09-25 JP JP24877489A patent/JPH03111551A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1013779A2 (en) * | 1998-12-24 | 2000-06-28 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Method of treating and smoothing sliding surface |
| EP1013779A3 (en) * | 1998-12-24 | 2002-07-31 | Mazda Motor Corporation | Method of treating and smoothing sliding surface |
| JP2007145171A (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2007-06-14 | Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd | Dump truck |
| JP2007247832A (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-27 | Hino Motors Ltd | Gear, gearing assembly, and tooth face strength improving method |
| TWI628009B (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2018-07-01 | 和諧驅動系統股份有限公司 | Flexible externally toothed gear for strain wave gearing and method for manufacturing same |
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