JPH0310904B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0310904B2 JPH0310904B2 JP28000285A JP28000285A JPH0310904B2 JP H0310904 B2 JPH0310904 B2 JP H0310904B2 JP 28000285 A JP28000285 A JP 28000285A JP 28000285 A JP28000285 A JP 28000285A JP H0310904 B2 JPH0310904 B2 JP H0310904B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- measured
- liquid
- meter
- dielectric constant
- water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000012024 dehydrating agents Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008157 edible vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 their derivatives Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2835—Specific substances contained in the oils or fuels
- G01N33/2847—Water in oils
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、原油、灯油、軽油等の石油類及びそ
の誘導品や食用油等中に含有する水分を測定する
水分計に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a moisture meter for measuring moisture contained in petroleum products such as crude oil, kerosene, and light oil, their derivatives, and edible oil.
従来より、石油類中に含有する水分量を測定す
る計器として静電容量式水分計が知られている。
この静電容量式水分計は、原油等の被測定液の静
電容量（誘電率）と該被測定液中に含有する水分
量とが比例するという原理を利用したものであ
る。 2. Description of the Related Art Capacitive moisture meters have been known as instruments for measuring the amount of water contained in petroleum.
This capacitive moisture meter utilizes the principle that the capacitance (permittivity) of a liquid to be measured, such as crude oil, is proportional to the amount of water contained in the liquid to be measured.
すなわち、原油等の被測定液の誘電率を水分を
除去せずに測定し、次いで、その被測定液に含有
する水分をコアレツサー等のフイルターからなる
水分除去装置や脱水剤を充填した水分除去装置で
除去した後、その被測定液の誘電率を測定し、両
誘電率の差から水分割合を算出することからなつ
ている。原油等の油中水分を分離することの出来
るコアレツサーのフイルターは、数cm（一般に３
〜４cm程度）の厚さを有し、数μｍの間〓しかな
いものである。 That is, the dielectric constant of a liquid to be measured such as crude oil is measured without removing water, and then the water contained in the liquid to be measured is removed using a water removal device consisting of a filter such as a coalescer or a water removal device filled with a dehydrating agent. After removing the liquid, the dielectric constant of the liquid to be measured is measured, and the water content is calculated from the difference between the two dielectric constants. A coalescer filter that can separate water in oil such as crude oil has a diameter of several centimeters (generally 3 cm).
It has a thickness of about 4 cm) and is only a few micrometers thick.
しかしながら、実際に原油の水分測定に使用し
てみると、コアレツサーのフイルター外表面は何
の変化も表れないのに、フイルターの圧力損失が
数分のうちに大きくなつて測定不能となり、目づ
まりの都度、フイルターの交換を余儀なくされて
いた。 However, when it is actually used to measure the moisture content of crude oil, although there is no change in the outer surface of the coalescer's filter, the pressure loss of the filter increases within a few minutes, making measurement impossible, and every time it becomes clogged. , the filter had to be replaced.
本発明者らは、この問題を解決するために、
種々の実験を重ねた結果、フイルターを加熱する
とフイルター機能が回復することが判明し、その
原因がワツクスであることを知見したのである。 In order to solve this problem, the present inventors
As a result of various experiments, they found that heating the filter restored its function, and discovered that wax was the cause.
すなわち、コアレツサーのフイルター等の厚み
のある細かい層に原油等の被測定液を供給する
と、層内部で被測定液中に溶解しているワツクス
分が水分の除去に伴つて析出することを知見した
のである。 In other words, it was discovered that when a liquid to be measured such as crude oil is supplied to a thick, fine layer such as a coalescer filter, the wax dissolved in the liquid to be measured will precipitate inside the layer as water is removed. It is.
この発明は、上記知見から完成されたもので、
フイルター等の水分除去材を取り替える繁雑な作
業および取り出した水分除去材を再生する作業の
頻度を大幅に無くし、連続測定をも可能にする水
分除去装置が目詰まりすることがない水分計を提
供することを目的とする。 This invention was completed based on the above knowledge,
To provide a moisture meter that greatly eliminates the frequency of the complicated work of replacing a water removal material such as a filter and the work of regenerating the removed water removal material, enables continuous measurement, and does not cause clogging of the water removal device. The purpose is to
以下、本発明の一実施例を図面を参照して説明
する。図中１は石油本管である。この石油本管１
には、石油本管１に流れる原油等の被測定液の一
部を本発明の水分計に導びくための導管２が分岐
して設けられている。この導管２の流出端には本
発明の水分計の試料導入管３の入口端が接続され
ている。この試料導入管３には管４が分岐して設
けられている。導管２から試料導入管３に流入し
た原油等の被測定液はその一部が管４に分流した
後、第１流量計５を通つて熱交換器６に送られ、
この熱交換器６から第１流量調節弁７を通つて管
１０に送られる。熱交換器６では、前記管４に分
流して後述する他の熱交換器で加熱された被測定
液と熱交換する。なお、第１流量調節弁７は、第
１流量計５を通る被測定液の流量を調節するもの
である。また、熱交換器６と第１流量調節弁７と
の間の試料導入管３には、熱交換器６で加熱され
た被測定液の温度を測定する第１温度計９が設け
られている。 Hereinafter, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 in the figure is the oil main. This oil main 1
A branched conduit 2 is provided in the oil main pipe 1 for guiding a part of the liquid to be measured such as crude oil flowing into the oil main pipe 1 to the moisture meter of the present invention. The outlet end of this conduit 2 is connected to the inlet end of a sample introduction tube 3 of the moisture meter of the present invention. This sample introduction tube 3 is provided with a branched tube 4 . A part of the liquid to be measured, such as crude oil, flowing into the sample introduction tube 3 from the conduit 2 is diverted to the tube 4, and then sent to the heat exchanger 6 through the first flowmeter 5.
The heat is sent from the heat exchanger 6 to the pipe 10 through the first flow control valve 7. In the heat exchanger 6, heat is exchanged with the liquid to be measured which is divided into the tube 4 and heated by another heat exchanger described later. Note that the first flow rate control valve 7 is for adjusting the flow rate of the liquid to be measured passing through the first flowmeter 5. Further, a first thermometer 9 is provided in the sample introduction tube 3 between the heat exchanger 6 and the first flow rate control valve 7 to measure the temperature of the liquid to be measured heated by the heat exchanger 6. .
被測定液は管１０より第１誘電率計１１に送ら
れる。 The liquid to be measured is sent from the pipe 10 to the first dielectric constant meter 11 .
一方、前記管４に分流した被測定液は第２流量
計１４を通つて熱交換器１５に送られ、この熱交
換器１５からコアレツサー１６に送られる。熱交
換器１５には温度調節弁１７を介してスチーム、
ホツトウオーター等の熱媒体が供給されていて、
第２流量計１４を通つて熱交換器１５に送られた
被測定液はそれに含まれるワツクス分が析出しな
い程度に加熱される。この温度調節弁１７は、熱
交換器１５からコアレツサー１６に送られる被測
定液の温度に応じて熱交換器１５に送る熱媒体量
を調節するものである。コアレツサー１６では、
熱交換器１５で加熱された被測定液中に含まれる
水分が内部のグラスウール、合成樹脂、フアイバ
グラス等のフイルターで除去される。この際、被
測定液中のワツクス分は熱交換器１５により加熱
されて溶融状態にあるためコアレツサー１６内の
フイルターが目詰まりするおそれはない。 On the other hand, the liquid to be measured that has been branched into the tube 4 is sent to the heat exchanger 15 through the second flowmeter 14, and from this heat exchanger 15 to the coalescer 16. Steam is supplied to the heat exchanger 15 via the temperature control valve 17.
A heat medium such as hot water is supplied,
The liquid to be measured sent to the heat exchanger 15 through the second flowmeter 14 is heated to such an extent that the wax contained therein does not precipitate. The temperature control valve 17 adjusts the amount of heat medium sent to the heat exchanger 15 in accordance with the temperature of the liquid to be measured sent from the heat exchanger 15 to the coalescer 16. In Coalescer 16,
Moisture contained in the liquid to be measured heated by the heat exchanger 15 is removed by an internal filter made of glass wool, synthetic resin, fiberglass, or the like. At this time, since the wax in the liquid to be measured is heated by the heat exchanger 15 and is in a molten state, there is no fear that the filter in the coalescer 16 will be clogged.
前記コアレツサー１６で水分が除去された被測
定液は前記熱交換器６に送られ、この熱交換器６
から第２流量調節弁１８を通つて管２１に送られ
る。前記熱交換器６では前記第１流量計５を流れ
る被測定液と熱交換する。なお、第２流量調節弁
１８は、前記試料導入管３から分流して第２流量
計１４を通る被測定液の流量を調節するものであ
る。また、前記熱交換器６と第２流量調節弁１８
との間の管４には、前記熱交換器６を通過した被
測定液の温度を測定する第２温度計２０が設けら
れている。 The liquid to be measured from which water has been removed by the coalescer 16 is sent to the heat exchanger 6.
from there through the second flow control valve 18 to the pipe 21. The heat exchanger 6 exchanges heat with the liquid to be measured flowing through the first flowmeter 5. Note that the second flow rate control valve 18 is for adjusting the flow rate of the liquid to be measured that is branched from the sample introduction tube 3 and passes through the second flowmeter 14 . In addition, the heat exchanger 6 and the second flow control valve 18
A second thermometer 20 for measuring the temperature of the liquid to be measured that has passed through the heat exchanger 6 is provided in the tube 4 between the heat exchanger 6 and the heat exchanger 6.
被測定液は管２１より第２誘電率計２２に送ら
れる。 The liquid to be measured is sent from the pipe 21 to the second dielectric constant meter 22 .
前記第１誘電率計１１で測定された測定信号と
第２誘電率計２２で測定された測定信号は演算器
２３に入力される。演算器２３は、第１誘電率計
１１及び第２誘電率計２２から測定信号を入力
し、水分を除去しない被測定液の比誘電率値から
水分を除去した被測定液の比誘電率値を差し引
き、被測定液中に含まれる水分の絶対量を算出し
てこの演算結果を表示記録器２４に出力するよう
になされている。 The measurement signal measured by the first dielectric constant meter 11 and the measurement signal measured by the second dielectric constant meter 22 are input to a calculator 23 . The calculator 23 inputs the measurement signals from the first permittivity meter 11 and the second permittivity meter 22, and calculates the relative permittivity value of the measured liquid with water removed from the relative permittivity value of the measured liquid without removing water. is subtracted to calculate the absolute amount of water contained in the liquid to be measured, and the result of this calculation is output to the display/recorder 24.
また、前記コアレツサー１６で被測定液中から
除去された水分は、管２５より導出されて排出流
量調節弁２６、排出流量計２７を通り、前記熱交
換器６と第１流量調節弁７との間の試料導入管３
から分岐して設けた管２８に流入して該管２８か
ら外部に排出される。なお、排出流量調節弁２６
は、コアレツサー１６から抜き出す水分を多く含
んだ排出液量を調節するものである。管２８には
切換弁２９が設けられている。また、管２８に
は、前記第１誘電率計１１で測定された後の被測
定液を排出する管３０と第２誘電率計２２で測定
された後の被測定液を排出する管３１とが接続さ
れている。 Further, the moisture removed from the liquid to be measured by the coalescer 16 is led out from the pipe 25, passes through a discharge flow rate control valve 26, a discharge flow meter 27, and is connected to the heat exchanger 6 and the first flow rate control valve 7. Sample introduction tube 3 between
The water flows into a pipe 28 branched from the pipe 28 and is discharged to the outside from the pipe 28. In addition, the discharge flow rate control valve 26
is for adjusting the amount of water-containing liquid discharged from the coalescer 16. A switching valve 29 is provided in the pipe 28 . The tube 28 also includes a tube 30 for discharging the liquid to be measured after being measured by the first dielectric constant meter 11 and a tube 31 for discharging the liquid to be measured after being measured by the second dielectric constant meter 22. is connected.
また、前記管１０と管２１との間にはバイパス
管３２が設けられ、このバイパス管３２には切換
弁３３が設けられている。 Further, a bypass pipe 32 is provided between the pipe 10 and the pipe 21, and a switching valve 33 is provided in the bypass pipe 32.
なお、図中３４は前記コアレツサー１６に設け
た温度計である。 Note that 34 in the figure is a thermometer provided in the coalescer 16.
次に上記構成の水分計を使用して原油中に含ま
れる水分量を測定する方法を説明する。まず、上
記水分計の校正を行なう。これには、流量調節弁
７を閉じる一方、切換弁２９、切換弁３３を開
く。そして、石油本管１から導管２を通つて試料
導入管３に流入した原油はその一部が管４に分流
した後、第１流量計５、熱交換器６を通つて管２
８に流入し、管２８より切換弁２９を通つて外部
に排出される。一方、管４に分流した被測定液は
第２流量計１４を通り熱交換器１５に送られスチ
ームにより加熱された後、コアレツサー１６に送
られ水分が除去される。水分が除去された被測定
液は熱交換器６を通り第１流量計５から送られた
被測定液と熱交換を行なつた後、第２流量調節弁
１８を通り管２１に送られる。被測定液は管２１
から第２誘電率計２２に送られるが、その一部は
バイパス管３２、切換弁３３を介して第１誘電率
計１１に送られる。このとき、第１誘電率計１１
の読みと第２誘電率計２２の読みとが等しくなる
ように零調整を行なう。 Next, a method of measuring the amount of water contained in crude oil using the moisture meter with the above configuration will be explained. First, calibrate the moisture meter. To do this, the flow control valve 7 is closed, while the switching valves 29 and 33 are opened. A portion of the crude oil that flows from the oil main pipe 1 into the sample introduction pipe 3 through the conduit 2 is diverted to the pipe 4, and then passes through the first flow meter 5 and the heat exchanger 6 into the pipe 2.
8 and is discharged from the pipe 28 through the switching valve 29 to the outside. On the other hand, the liquid to be measured, which has been branched into the pipe 4, passes through the second flowmeter 14 and is sent to the heat exchanger 15, where it is heated by steam, and then sent to the coalescer 16, where water is removed. The liquid to be measured from which water has been removed passes through the heat exchanger 6 and exchanges heat with the liquid to be measured sent from the first flow meter 5, and then is sent to the pipe 21 through the second flow rate control valve 18. The liquid to be measured is pipe 21
A portion of the dielectric constant is sent to the second dielectric constant meter 22 , and a part of it is sent to the first dielectric constant meter 11 via a bypass pipe 32 and a switching valve 33 . At this time, the first dielectric constant meter 11
Zero adjustment is performed so that the reading of the dielectric constant meter 22 becomes equal to the reading of the second dielectric constant meter 22.
なお、スパン調整は、水分量と静電容量の関係
式が一般式で示されるので、第１誘電率計１１及
び第２誘電率計２２内の調整で行なう。 Note that the span adjustment is performed by adjusting the first dielectric constant meter 11 and the second dielectric constant meter 22 because the relational expression between water content and capacitance is expressed by a general formula.
次いで、第１流量調節弁７を開き、切換弁２９
及び切換弁３３を閉じる。そして、第１流量調節
弁７及び第２流量調節弁１８により、第１流量計
５と第２流量計１４に流れる被測定液の流量を調
節する。第２流量計１４に流れる被測定液の流量
は、サンプリング時間を短縮するためには多い方
が良い。しかし、熱交換器６，１５が大きくなる
ことと、コアレツサー１６の容量を大きくする必
要があることから、200ml／Ｈ程度にする。また、
第１流量計５に流れる被測定液の流量は、第１温
度計９と第２温度計２０が等しい温度を示すよう
にする。すなわち、第１流量計５から熱交換器６
を通過した被測定液と第２流量計１４から熱交換
器６を通過した被測定液とが等しい温度になるよ
うにする。換言すれば、水分が含有したままの被
測定液の誘電率と水分が除去された被測定液の誘
電率を等しい温度で測定できるようにする。その
ためには、第１流量計５に流れる被測定液を多量
に流した方が良いが、第２流量計１４に流れる被
測定液の４倍位が適当である。 Next, the first flow control valve 7 is opened, and the switching valve 29 is opened.
and close the switching valve 33. Then, the flow rate of the liquid to be measured flowing to the first flow meter 5 and the second flow meter 14 is adjusted by the first flow rate control valve 7 and the second flow rate control valve 18. The flow rate of the liquid to be measured flowing into the second flowmeter 14 is preferably higher in order to shorten the sampling time. However, since the heat exchangers 6 and 15 become larger and the capacity of the coalescer 16 needs to be increased, it is set to about 200 ml/H. Also,
The flow rate of the liquid to be measured flowing through the first flowmeter 5 is set so that the first thermometer 9 and the second thermometer 20 indicate the same temperature. That is, from the first flow meter 5 to the heat exchanger 6
The liquid to be measured that has passed through the second flowmeter 14 and the liquid to be measured that has passed through the heat exchanger 6 from the second flowmeter 14 are made to have the same temperature. In other words, the dielectric constant of the liquid to be measured that still contains water and the dielectric constant of the liquid to be measured from which water has been removed can be measured at the same temperature. For this purpose, it is better to allow a large amount of the liquid to be measured to flow through the first flowmeter 5, and approximately four times the amount of the liquid to be measured flowing through the second flowmeter 14 is suitable.
また、排出流量調節弁２６によりコアレツサー
１６から排出する水分を多く含んだ原油量を調節
する。排出量が少ないとコアレツサー１６底部の
水分濃度が高くなつて水分の分離効率が悪くなる
ので、多くした方が良いが、第２流量計１４に流
れる被測定液の５％位が適当である。 Further, the amount of crude oil containing a large amount of water to be discharged from the coalescer 16 is controlled by the discharge flow rate control valve 26. If the discharge amount is small, the water concentration at the bottom of the coalescer 16 will increase and the water separation efficiency will deteriorate, so it is better to increase the discharge amount, but approximately 5% of the liquid to be measured flowing into the second flow meter 14 is appropriate.
このようにして、校正を行ない、かつ第１流量
調節弁７、第２流量調節弁１８、排出流量調節弁
２６の調節を行なつたら、原油中の水分量の測定
を行なう。すなわち、石油本管１から導管２を介
して試料導入管３に原油を送る。すると、800
ml／Ｈの原油が第１流量計５を流れ、200ml／Ｈ
の原油が管４より第２流量計１４に流れる。第２
流量計１４に流れた200ml／Ｈの原油は、熱交換
器１５に送られ加熱された後、コアレツサー１６
に送られる。このとき、温度調節弁１７は、温度
計３４が30〜60℃好ましくは45℃を示すように熱
交換器１５に送るスチーム量を調節している。コ
アレツサー１６では、原油中から水分が除去さ
れ、次いで熱交換器６に送られる。熱交換器６で
は、第１流量計５から水分が除去されていない原
油が送られていて、ここで熱交換して互いに等し
い温度となる。水分が除去された原油は第２流量
調節弁１８を通つて管２１より第２誘電率計２２
に送られる。一方、水分が除去されない原油は第
１流量調節弁７を通つて管１０より第１誘電率計
１１に送られる。第１誘電率計１１では水分が除
去されていない原油の比誘電率（ε1）が測定さ
れ、また第２誘電率計２２では水分が除去された
原油の比誘電率（ε2）が測定される。これらの測
定値は、演算器２３に入力される。演算器２３で
は、次式に示す演算を行なう。 After performing calibration and adjusting the first flow rate control valve 7, second flow rate control valve 18, and discharge flow rate control valve 26 in this manner, the amount of water in the crude oil is measured. That is, crude oil is sent from the oil main pipe 1 to the sample introduction pipe 3 via the conduit 2. Then, 800
ml/H of crude oil flows through the first flowmeter 5, 200ml/H
of crude oil flows from pipe 4 to second flowmeter 14 . Second
The 200ml/H crude oil that flowed into the flowmeter 14 is sent to the heat exchanger 15 and heated, and then passed through the coalescer 16.
sent to. At this time, the temperature control valve 17 adjusts the amount of steam sent to the heat exchanger 15 so that the thermometer 34 indicates a temperature of 30 to 60°C, preferably 45°C. In the coalescer 16, water is removed from the crude oil, and then the crude oil is sent to the heat exchanger 6. In the heat exchanger 6, the crude oil from which water has not been removed is sent from the first flowmeter 5, and heat is exchanged there so that the crude oil has the same temperature. The crude oil from which water has been removed passes through the second flow control valve 18 and is transferred from the pipe 21 to the second dielectric constant meter 22.
sent to. On the other hand, the crude oil from which water has not been removed is sent to the first dielectric constant meter 11 from the pipe 10 through the first flow rate control valve 7 . The first dielectric constant meter 11 measures the dielectric constant (ε 1 ) of crude oil from which moisture has not been removed, and the second dielectric constant meter 22 measures the dielectric constant (ε 2 ) of crude oil from which moisture has been removed. be done. These measured values are input to the calculator 23. The calculator 23 performs the calculation shown in the following equation.
なお、
ε1＝KW＋ε0 ……(1)
ε2＝KW0＋ε0 ……(2)
但し、Ｋは比例定数、Ｗは原油中に含まれる水
分量〔％〕、W0はコアレツサー１６で除去できな
い水分量〔％〕、ε0は原油自体の比誘電率とする。 In addition, ε 1 = KW + ε 0 ...(1) ε 2 = KW 0 + ε 0 ...(2) However, K is the proportionality constant, W is the water content [%] contained in crude oil, and W 0 is the coalescer 16. The amount of water that cannot be removed [%] and ε 0 are the relative permittivity of the crude oil itself.
まず、比誘電率ε1と比誘電率ε2との差を算出す
る（式(3)）。 First, the difference between the relative permittivity ε 1 and the relative permittivity ε 2 is calculated (Formula (3)).
ε1−ε2＝Ｋ（Ｗ−W0） ……(3) 次いで、水分量Ｗを算出する（式(4)）。 ε 1 −ε 2 =K(W−W 0 ) (3) Next, the water content W is calculated (Equation (4)).
Ｗ＝１／Ｋ（ε1−ε2）＋W0 ……(4)
上記(4)式より原油中に含有する水分量Ｗ〔％〕
が算出される。 W = 1/K (ε 1 − ε 2 ) + W 0 ...(4) From the above equation (4), the amount of water contained in crude oil W [%]
is calculated.
この水分量Ｗ〔％〕は、演算器２３から表示記
録器２４に出力されて、表示されると共に、記録
される。 This moisture content W [%] is output from the calculator 23 to the display/recorder 24, where it is displayed and recorded.
なお、上記水分量Ｗ〔％〕中にはコアレツサー
１６で除去できない水分量W0〔％〕が含まれてい
るが、この値はコアレツサー１６の性能にもよる
が、約0.08％程度であつて非常にわずかであり、
予じめ算出された水分量Ｗ〔％〕から差し引いて
おけば問題はない。 Note that the above water content W [%] includes a water content W 0 [%] that cannot be removed by the coalescer 16, but this value is approximately 0.08%, although it depends on the performance of the coalescer 16. very little,
There is no problem if it is subtracted from the pre-calculated moisture content W [%].
また、コアレツサー１６の下部からは、５ml／
Ｈ以下の水分を含んだ原油を抜き出して管２５，
２８を通つて第１誘電率計１１で測定が終了した
後管３０を介して流入した原油と、第２誘電率計
２２で測定が終了した後管３１を介して流入した
原油とともに外部に排出する。 In addition, from the bottom of Coalescer 16, 5ml/
The crude oil containing moisture of H or less is extracted and transferred to a pipe 25,
The crude oil that has passed through the pipe 30 after being measured by the first dielectric constant meter 11 through the dielectric constant meter 28 is discharged to the outside together with the crude oil that has flowed through the pipe 31 after the measurement has been completed by the second dielectric constant meter 22. do.
以上のようにして、石油本管１に流れる原油を
サンプリングし、これに含有する水分量を連続的
に測定する。 As described above, the crude oil flowing into the oil main pipe 1 is sampled and the amount of water contained therein is continuously measured.
しかして、上記実施例によれば熱交換器１５に
より原油を加熱しているので、原油中のワツクス
分が析出して次工程のコアレツサー１６で目詰ま
りするようなおそれがなくなる。また、熱交換器
６で水分を除去した原油と水分を除去していない
原油とを互いに熱交換して同じ温度にしているの
で、誘電率を測定する際、温度の違いから生じる
誤差をなくすことができる。 According to the above embodiment, since the crude oil is heated by the heat exchanger 15, there is no possibility that the wax in the crude oil will precipitate and clog the coalescer 16 in the next step. In addition, since the crude oil from which water has been removed and the crude oil from which water has not been removed in the heat exchanger 6 exchange heat with each other to reach the same temperature, errors caused by differences in temperature can be eliminated when measuring the dielectric constant. Can be done.
なお、上記実施例では、原油中の水分量を測定
する場合について説明したが、これに限定される
ものでなく、灯油、軽油、潤滑油、なたね油、や
し油、パーム油、溶媒等の従来静電容量式水分計
で水分量を測定していたものにも適用し得ること
は勿論である。 In addition, in the above example, the case where the water content in crude oil is measured is explained, but it is not limited to this. Of course, the present invention can also be applied to devices that measure moisture content using a capacitive moisture meter.
また、熱交換器１５にかえて電気ヒーター等の
他の加熱装置（手段）を使用してもよい。 Further, instead of the heat exchanger 15, other heating devices (means) such as an electric heater may be used.
なお、液中にワツクス分が少なくコアレツサー
１６の目づまりの恐れがない場合は、コアレツサ
ー１６で水分を除去する前に予め熱交換器１５等
で加熱する必要はない。 Note that if the wax content in the liquid is small and there is no risk of clogging the coalescer 16, there is no need to heat the liquid in advance using the heat exchanger 15 or the like before removing water with the coalescer 16.
また、原油中の水分を除去するものとしてコア
レツサー１６を用いた場合を示したが、これに限
定されるものでなく、シリカゲル、無水硫酸ナト
リウム、無水炭酸ソーダ、アルミナ等の脱水剤を
充填した水分除去装置を使用してもよい。 In addition, although we have shown a case in which Coalescer 16 is used to remove moisture from crude oil, the present invention is not limited to this. A removal device may also be used.
以上説明したように本発明によれば、第１誘電
率計の測定値と第２誘電率計の測定値の差は絶対
水分量を示すことになり、このため、原油等の被
測定液自体の比誘電率が変化してもこれにより影
響を全く受けず、従来の場合よりも原油等の被測
定液中に含有する水分量を正確に測定できる。し
たがつて、本発明の水分計を使用すれば、原油等
の取引において正確な原油量を知ることができて
非常に便利である。その上、脱水器内のフイルタ
ーや脱水剤の充填層等にワツクス分が数分のうち
に析出又は堆積して正常な測定が阻害されやすい
が、本発明の水分計においては、加熱手段が上記
の目詰りを防止するので、そのような支障を生ず
ることはない。 As explained above, according to the present invention, the difference between the measured value of the first dielectric constant meter and the measured value of the second dielectric constant meter indicates the absolute moisture content, so that the liquid to be measured such as crude oil itself Even if the dielectric constant of the liquid changes, it is not affected at all by this, and the amount of water contained in the liquid to be measured, such as crude oil, can be measured more accurately than in the conventional case. Therefore, if the moisture meter of the present invention is used, it is very convenient to know the exact amount of crude oil in the transaction of crude oil and the like. Furthermore, wax tends to precipitate or accumulate on the filter or packed bed of dehydrating agent in the dehydrator within a few minutes, hindering normal measurement. Since clogging is prevented, such problems will not occur.
また、原油等の被測定液の性状変化に対応して
連続的に含有水分の割合を正確に測定するように
必要に応じて構成することも可能である。 Further, it is also possible to configure the device to continuously and accurately measure the percentage of water content in response to changes in the properties of the liquid to be measured, such as crude oil, if necessary.
図面は本発明の一実施例を示すフローシートで
ある。
３……試料導入管、４……管、１１……第１誘
電率計、１５……熱交換器（加熱手段）、１６…
…コアレツサー、２２……第２誘電率計。
The drawing is a flow sheet showing one embodiment of the present invention. 3... Sample introduction tube, 4... Tube, 11... First permittivity meter, 15... Heat exchanger (heating means), 16...
...Coalescer, 22...Second permittivity meter.
Claims (1)
る第１誘電率計と、前記被測定液に含有する水分
を除去するコアレツサー等のフイルターからなる
水分除去装置または脱水剤を充填した水分除去装
置と、前記水分除去装置で水分が除去された被測
定液の誘電率を測定する第２誘電率計とを有する
水分計において、被測定液を加熱して前記水分除
去装置の目詰まりを防止する加熱手段と、前記第
１誘電率計に供給される水分を除去されていない
被測定液の温度と前記第２誘電率計に供給される
前記水分除去装置を経た被測定液の温度とをほぼ
同じ温度にする手段とを備えたことを特徴とする
水分計。1. A water removal device consisting of a first dielectric constant meter that measures the dielectric constant of the liquid to be measured without removing water, and a filter such as a coalescer that removes water contained in the liquid to be measured, or a water filter filled with a dehydrating agent. In a moisture meter having a removal device and a second permittivity meter that measures the dielectric constant of a liquid to be measured from which moisture has been removed by the moisture removal device, the liquid to be measured is heated to prevent clogging of the moisture removal device. the temperature of the liquid to be measured that is supplied to the first dielectric constant meter without removing moisture; and the temperature of the liquid to be measured that has passed through the moisture removal device and is supplied to the second dielectric constant meter. A moisture meter characterized by comprising: a means for making the two temperatures approximately the same.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28000285A JPS61142452A (en) | 1985-12-12 | 1985-12-12 | Moisture gauge |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28000285A JPS61142452A (en) | 1985-12-12 | 1985-12-12 | Moisture gauge |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP732580A Division JPS56104244A (en) | 1980-01-24 | 1980-01-24 | Moisture meter |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS61142452A JPS61142452A (en) | 1986-06-30 |
| JPH0310904B2 true JPH0310904B2 (en) | 1991-02-14 |
Family
ID=17618934
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP28000285A Granted JPS61142452A (en) | 1985-12-12 | 1985-12-12 | Moisture gauge |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS61142452A (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5301543A (en) * | 1992-12-04 | 1994-04-12 | Adfiltech Corporation | Moisture monitor in a non-conductive liquid media |
| JP5670762B2 (en) * | 2011-01-12 | 2015-02-18 | 株式会社関口 | Water ratio measuring method and water ratio measuring apparatus for W / O type emulsion liquid |
-
1985
- 1985-12-12 JP JP28000285A patent/JPS61142452A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS61142452A (en) | 1986-06-30 |
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