JPH027714B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method for separating waste dry batteries contained in municipal waste and other wastes and recovering mercury contained in the waste dry batteries.

[Prior Art] In recent years, environmental pollution due to mercury contained in waste dry batteries has become a problem, and an increasing number of local governments have begun to adopt separate collection of waste dry batteries. However, separate collection at each household cannot be expected to have a high recovery rate, and many waste dry batteries are disposed of in municipal waste, incinerated, or landfilled. However, when incinerated, vaporized mercury is emitted from chimneys and pollutes the air, and when disposed of in landfills, the outer cylinders of waste batteries corrode in the ground, causing mercury to leach out. The soil is contaminated, and both are linked to pollution problems.

Conventionally, waste dry batteries discarded in municipal garbage and other wastes have not been collected, and have been left unchecked. In addition, a small amount of waste dry batteries that are collected separately from households are stored in containers and temporarily stored, and then processed through concrete solidification, asphalt solidification, or transportation to mercury processing plants.

[Problems to be solved by the invention] However, in the conventional technology, waste dry batteries have a large capacity in their original form, have poor processing efficiency in storage and solidification, and have high transportation costs when sent to processing plants. It was hot.

The present invention solves these conventional problems,
Efficiently separates and crushes iron-based metals such as used dry batteries thrown into waste, separates them into powdered materials containing mercury and other outer cylinders, and stores only the powdered materials containing mercury. or processing, thereby reducing the storage space and enabling efficient processing,
Furthermore, it aims to improve transportation efficiency and contribute to solving pollution problems.

[Means for Solving the Problems] As a means for solving the above-mentioned problems, the present invention magnetically separates iron-based metals from waste including waste dry batteries, and sieves the iron-based metals to separate waste dry batteries. It is characterized by separating small pieces of iron-based metal containing small pieces of iron, crushing the small pieces of iron-based metal, and then separating the crushed mercury-free iron-based materials by magnetic separation to recover powdery substances containing small silver. That is.

[Embodiment] An embodiment of the present invention, in which mercury is recovered from waste dry batteries disposed of in municipal waste, will be described below with reference to the drawings.

Municipal waste 1 may be stored in bags such as paper bags or plastic bags, and if necessary, it may be stored in bags such as paper bags or plastic bags.
The bag is torn open to expose the contents, allowing for efficient subsequent sorting. A first magnetic separator 3 separates the ferrous metals 4 containing waste dry batteries from the bagged municipal waste. At this time, button-shaped small batteries are also sorted and sent to the vibrating sieve 5 for sieving, while non-magnetic separators such as paper, plastics, fibers, and sand that were not picked up by the first magnetic separator 3 are separated. 6 will be incinerated or disposed of in a landfill.

In the vibrating sieve 5, ferrous metals 4 include drinking water cans and other large metals 7, and small pieces of metals 8 including waste dry batteries.
The large metals 7 are processed by melting etc. outside the system, and the small pieces of metals 8 including waste dry batteries are sent to a crusher 9 and crushed, and sealed with the outer cylinder of the waste dry batteries. Powder-like substances such as fine particles and powder containing mercury come out. Next, by sending this to the second magnetic separator 10, it is separated into a powdery substance 11 containing mercury and an iron-based substance 12 that does not contain mercury, such as an outer cylinder, a positive electrode, etc., and the iron-based substance 12 that does not contain mercury is It can be processed together with the large metals 7.

In this way, in the end, only the powdered substance 11 containing mercury is recovered, so the efficiency of each process can be greatly improved compared to storing, transporting, and processing waste dry batteries as they are. This is extremely advantageous economically. The mercury-containing powder substance 11 is then heated and purified as appropriate.

The second magnetic separator 10 for separating the mercury-containing powdery substance 11 and the mercury-free iron-based substance 12 such as the outer cylinder must magnetically separate iron-based substances with small particle sizes. This increases the efficiency of separating powdered substances containing mercury.

It is also possible to directly guide the entire amount of ferrous metals 4 separated by the first magnetic separator 3 to the crusher 9 for crushing treatment, but since the vibrating sieve 5 is provided as described above, the crusher 9 capacity can be reduced. Furthermore, since the vibrating sieve 5 prevents difficult-to-crush substances in the large metal objects 7 from being thrown into the crusher 9, wear and tear on the blades of the crusher 9 is reduced, which is advantageous in terms of maintenance.

It goes without saying that the present invention is applicable not only to municipal waste but also to the treatment of various industrial wastes including waste dry batteries.

[Effects of the Invention] As described above, the present invention magnetically separates ferrous metals from waste including waste dry batteries, sieves the metals,
This method involves crushing small pieces of iron-based metal containing sieved waste dry batteries, and separating the crushed mercury-free iron-based materials from the crushed material by magnetic separation to recover powdered materials containing mercury. Because of this, crushing for mercury recovery can be carried out efficiently, and the capacity of the crusher is small, making it easier to maintain, making it possible to efficiently recover mercury from waste batteries, reducing storage space, and reducing transportation costs. increase efficiency,
Furthermore, it solves the problem of pollution caused by waste mercury and leads to resource conservation, which is an extremely beneficial effect.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

The drawing is a system explanatory diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. 1...Municipal garbage, 2...Bag breaking machine, 3...First magnetic separator, 4...Ferrous metals, 5...Vibration sieve, 6...Non-magnetic sorting material, 7...Large metals, 8... ...Small metal pieces,
9... Crusher, 10... Second magnetic separator, 11... Powdered material containing mercury, 12... Iron-based material not containing mercury.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Magnetically separate ferrous metals from waste including waste dry batteries, separate the small pieces of ferrous metals including waste dry batteries by sieving the iron-based metals, crush the small pieces of ferrous metals, and then remove the crushed mercury. A method for disposing of waste dry batteries, which comprises recovering powdery substances containing mercury by separating iron-based substances that do not contain them by magnetic separation.