JPH0262731B2 - - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a joint half for a universal joint with a receiving opening for a rotating pin bearing and a shaft, tube or flange connection.

PRIOR ART In each case, two such joint halves are connected to one another via a driving cross in a known manner.

Traditionally, such coupling halves have been made integrally from solid material, mostly as forged pieces. Although in individual cases the pipe connection is welded to one piece of the fitting fork (Fig. 4A), usually the fitting fork and the axial connection, for example with external or internal threads (Fig. 4B, Fig. 4C) or with a flange The joint half, consisting of a moving piece with a connecting part (FIG. 4D), is made in one piece.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) Such a joint half has drawbacks. Forged pieces are expensive not only because of the material, but above all because of the amount of material required. In addition, two or more fitting halves with almost different shaft, tube or flange connections for each torque transmission range have to be made and stored, and can also be finished in different work processes. There must be.

Material manufacturing, including heat treatment, and mechanical finishing, which does not include heat treatment, of the forged joint halves are very labor intensive. Various tools for processing materials,
Assumes a mechanical or clamping containment device.

After manufacturing the blank, the shaft or flange connection must be centered and cut to length. After turning, toothing is carried out, if necessary, on the outside with a milling machine and on the inside with a broaching machine. Transport operations are required during turning or milling or broaching.

Providing the forging stock with receiving openings for the rotating pin bearings in exact alignment with each other is most expensive. Each receiving opening must be pre-drilled and subsequently super-drilled or threaded. This is usually followed by at least one further operation step in order to give the necessary precision to the aperture. This applies to superfinish drilling, grinding and/or
or by honing and/or polishing.

In many cases it is also necessary to carve a ring groove for the safety ring.

If the forged fitting half has a flange connection, the connecting side of this connection is lathed flat;
And connection holes must be made.

Each of these processes requires the tightening of joint halves of various shapes. Depending on the machining process, appropriate receptacles are required for tightening.

The object of the invention, on the other hand, is that it is easier to produce and store than the prior art, and requires fewer finishings and, above all, fewer labor-intensive working steps. The object of the present invention is to provide a joint half as mentioned at the beginning.

(Means for solving the problem) It turns out that this can be easily done as follows. a fork body consisting of two prefabricated thin-walled plate parts connected to one another, which fork body has two joint fork arms each having a receiving opening for a rotary pin bearing; In a joint half for a universal joint, which has a fork root with a central opening, to which a connecting piece can be connected for torque transmission, two molded plate parts are connected to the fork root. A molded shell is formed that extends mirror-symmetrically with respect to a dividing plane that extends through both the center line of the accommodation opening provided in the arm and the center line of the central opening provided in the fork root. The molded shells are interconnected by welded or glued seams extending along the region of the molded plate of the dividing surface and are hollow parts that are closed except at the receiving opening and the central opening.

This not only greatly simplifies manufacturing, but also considerably improves inventory control. According to the invention, fork bodies prefabricated from plates, for example for torque transmission ranges, are manufactured and stored. Easily and optimally accommodates standard size fork bodies stocked for torque transmission ranges, shafts, tubes,
Clamping bodies or flange connections can likewise be produced and stored. For each standard size of fork body two or more different types of shaft, tube, clamping body or flange connection are stored.

Desired joint halves are selected as necessary and assembled at the time of warehouse application. In the simplest case, the fork body and the attached shaft, tube, clamping body or flange connection are welded together. However, the parts may also be glued together. Modern welding methods make it possible to weld without further processing of the welded joint halves.

Joint halves for universal joints consisting of two almost identical longitudinal sections are known (for example, German Patent No. 819603, German Utility Model Registration No. 6916638, Federal Republic of Germany No. 7137425). , U.S. Pat. No. 2,214,169 and U.S. Pat. No. 2,904,975, U.S. Pat. This is to make it possible.

On the other hand, according to the invention, an inexpensively manufacturable universal joint can be used selectively in all torque transmission ranges with all the usual connection possibilities. According to the invention, the installation of the entrainment cross is carried out in a conventional manner.

The following embodiments of the invention meet any communication requirement. In other words, the fork body is constructed by welding or gluing, consisting of at least two profiled plate parts, which form a receiving opening for the rotary pin bearing and a central opening for the shaft, tube, clamping body or flange connection. except for forming a closed hollow member.

the closed hollow member consists of two identical profiled plate parts, the separation, welding or adhesive seam of these profiled plate parts being in a plane passing through the center line of the shaft connection and the receiving opening for the rotary pin bearing; or the closed hollow part consists of an inner and an outer molded plate part, and the separating, welded or glued seam of these molded plate parts runs along the lateral joint of the fork arm or the fork root; and special advantages with respect to storage.

The molded plate for the closed hollow part is simply formed by cold drawing or cold pressing.

Further advantages of hollow member formation are indicated in claims 5 and 6.

Due to the secure fastening of the bearing bush shown here, the safety rings that were previously used for this purpose can be dispensed with. As a result, the bearing bushings project outwardly beyond the outer wall of the fork body, practically up to the radius of rotation of the universal joint. As a result, joints with smaller outer dimensions than conventional ones can be used entirely for torque transmission, or larger torques can be transmitted with the same outer dimensions.

In order to increase the strength of the joint halves, the closed hollow parts of the joint halves which are subjected to special loads are filled, injected or foamed with a filling material, preferably consisting of hardened plastic. This filling absorbs pressure or torsional loads and prevents denting or bending of the walls of the closed hollow member.

In order to ensure temperature equilibrium, the filling plastic contains, in particular, a filling material, preferably metal chips, which expand or contract during temperature changes and compensate for thermal fluctuations in the metal skin of the closed hollow part. can be compensated. In order to be able to insert the plastic into the closed hollow part, this hollow part has at least one air bleed hole.

The connection between the fork body and the connecting piece takes place by welding or gluing, and in special cases by crimping, the welding, gluing or crimping seam being optimally located on the outside or the inside.

The invention not only facilitates the manufacture and storage of the joint halves, but also allows all desired tolerances to be maintained during the manufacture of the joint halves according to the invention.

(Example) Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

Figures A-D illustrate several types of joint halves that are conventionally used for universal joints in the range to which appropriate torques are to be transmitted. The fork body according to FIG. A, which is formed as a coupling fork, is a forged piece, in order to have a precise orientation in the fork arm of this forged piece, the pivot pin of the cross piece (not shown), also not shown. A receiving opening is accommodated for the bearing. The openings are first drilled in a laborious manner and then precisely machined. In the forged stock, the connection at the root of the fork must also be machined afterwards, which according to FIG. A is of cylindrical design and is used for attaching the tube.

The joint half according to FIG. B not only consists of a fork body designed as a joint fork as in FIG. A, but also includes a connecting piece with an external spline integrally connected to this fork body. Manufacturing is more labor intensive than in the case of FIG. For forged materials, not only must the housing opening for the rotating pin be carefully drilled, but the shaft connection must be centered, cut to the specified length, and
And it must be equipped with splines. The manufacture of the fitting half of Figure C (shaft connection with internal splines) and the fitting half of Figure D with a flange connection is similarly complex, and the flange connection must have a connection hole. The flange connection surface of this connection must be lathed flat.

In all work processes, workpieces that are difficult to handle must be clamped, and thus a large number of intermediate transport operations must be endured. Moreover, various forging dies must be made and stored. The configurations required for the torque transmission range must likewise always be kept in sufficient stock.

According to the invention, it is only necessary to produce and store the fork bodies and the desired number of connecting pieces, which can be produced simply and precisely, respectively, for each torque transmission range. The joining of the individual parts to the respective desired joint halves takes place by welding, gluing or other joining methods which do not require any further processing. All desired tolerances are maintained with the joint halves according to the invention.

However, it is particularly important that the invention allows the production of forging blanks to be dispensed with for all embodiments.

The examples will now explain how the invention can be adapted to the respective desired torque transmission.

FIGS. 1a to 1c show a fork body 80 constructed from at least two molded plate parts or molded shells 91 or 93 by welding or gluing. This fixed connection between the first molded shell 91 and the second molded shell 92 ensures that the receiving opening 81 for the rotary pin bearing and the central part of the fork root 83 of the optionally closed hollow part 93 opening 8
A closed hollow member 93 is obtained except for 5 and 87. Central openings 85 and 87 accommodate shafts, tubes, clamps or flange connections, as shown by shaft connection 88 .

The closed hollow member 93 according to FIGS. 1 a and 1 b has a fork arm 82 and a fork root 83 with a connecting end 830 .

FIG. 1c shows that the flange connection, generally designated 90, is welded to the fork body 8 using a tube piece 89.
This shows that it can be connected to 0.

According to FIG. 1b, the outer wall 86 of the fork root 83
can be formed in an arcuate shape as shown by the edge of the opening 87a. A number of advantages are obtained if the edge 87a of the opening thus arcuately formed is connected to a shaft connection 88, which is only schematically shown, by a welded or glued seam 94a. The upper part of the shaft connection part 88 is connected to the edge 85a of the central opening 85 in the inner wall 84 of the fork body 80. Here too, attachment by welding or adhesive seams takes place.

Other coupling possibilities between the connection and the fork body 80 are shown in FIG. 1c or FIG. 1d. According to FIG. 1c, a flange connection 90 is welded to the tube piece 89 by means of a round weld seam 94. The outer wall 86 at the connecting end 830 of the fork body 80 abuts against the tube 89 and is attached by a welded or glued seam 94a.

The upper end of the tube piece 89 is pressed from the inside against the inner wall 84 of the fork body 80 by a butt or projects slightly through the central opening 85 and then by a welded or glued seam 94 to the fork root 83. Can be installed. The opening of the tube 89 can also be closed by a plate without changing the core of the invention.

FIG. 1d shows the configuration when the tube piece 89 is pressed against the fork root 83 by butting. Here, a punch part 83a is provided which is just above the connecting end of the tube piece 89. The punch portion 83a is filled with welded seams 83b, which provide a reliable and fixed connection between the fork root 83 and the tube piece 89.

In order to provide a secure seat for the rotating pin bearing for the cross piece, the inner wall 95 of the corresponding receiving opening 81 is connected to the outer wall 8.
6 or by a retraction 98 from the inner wall 84. Retracting part 96
or the inner edge 97 or 99 of the inner wall 95
It hits the accommodation opening 81 at the center.

The fork body 80 can have at least one air vent hole 100, the meaning of which will be explained later.

In particular, FIGS. 1a and 1b show a closed hollow member 9 consisting of two identical molded shells 91 and 92.
3 separate, welded or glued seams at the shaft connection 83
0 and the center line of the rotary pin bearing housing opening 81.

First molded shell 91 and second molded shell 92
can be cold drawn or cold pressed in a labor-saving manner. In particular, FIG. 1a shows that the fork arm 82, which is part of the closed hollow member 93, has a generally elliptical cross-section.

2a and 2b show another embodiment of the invention for a possibly large torque transmission range, in which the fork body 101 consists of a closed hollow member 111, which hollow member has an inner molded plate. It is constructed by welding or gluing the part 109 and the outer molded plate part 110. Separate or welded or glued seams 112 connect fork arms 103
Or it extends along the outer edge of the fork root 104. The fork root 104 once again has a connecting end 1040, to which the fork arm 103 is provided with a receiving opening 102 for a rotation pin bearing. Also in this embodiment, the inner molded plate portion 109 and the outer molded plate portion 110 of the closed hollow member 111 are cold drawn or cold pressed.

Furthermore, the fork body 101 has an inner wall 105 and an outer wall 106, and a central opening 107 in the outer wall 106.
is provided. Edge 10 of this central opening 107
7a is welded to the shaft connection 108 according to FIG. 2a. Separated or welded or glued seams 11
2 extends in a plane surrounding the shaft connection 108, which is only shown schematically in this embodiment. Instead of the axial connection 108, which is only shown schematically, any axial connection can be used.

In order to widen the inner wall 113 of the receiving opening 102, here a recess 114 from the outer wall 111 of the fork body 101 and a recess 11 from the inner wall 105 are used.
5 is provided.

In connection with FIGS. 3a-3b, measures with which the construction of the joint body, in particular of the fork body, can be optimized will now be described.

A filling mass 1 is placed in the closed hollow member 93 or 111 to increase the strength or bending resistance of the fork body against torque peaks or torque overloads that occur.
19 can be filled. closed hollow member 9
In order to facilitate the insertion of a filling mass 119, preferably made of hardened plastic, into 3 and 111, an air vent hole 100, which has been described in connection with FIG. 1b, is provided. In some embodiments, it may be sufficient to leave a space, for example between inner edges 97 and 99, to allow air to escape from the hollow member during insertion of the plastic. Hollow member 93, 111
In order to take into account the thermal effects of heat and to be able to compensate for them during loading, filler material, for example consisting of metal scraps, can additionally be added to the hardened plastic.

Note that the filling mass 119 has a dual role. This filling mass not only absorbs and compensates for bending or bending forces as large as possible, but is also capable of holding the bearing bush for the rotating pin bearing. The inner edges 97, 99 and 120, 121 can therefore be drawn into the receiving opening 81 and bent into the closed hollow part 93 or 111. Bearing bush 122 or 12 for rotating pin bearing
If 2a has outer projections 123 or 123a, these projections can be snapped into the free space created by the retraction of the inner edge.

The inner edges of the recesses facing each other are openings 116.
A ring-shaped projection 118 of the bearing bushing 117 can be snapped into this opening. According to the mounting possibilities for the bearing bush 117 or 122 shown in connection with FIGS. It can be configured to protrude up to. FIG. 3d shows the conventional mounting of a bearing bush with a spring ring in a forged part.

Comparing the lower part and the upper part in Fig. 3d, we can see that the bearing bush for the rotating pin bearing is the fork arm 82,
It can be seen that it protrudes beyond the outer walls 86, 106 of 103 to the radius of rotation 124 of the universal joint.
As a result, a larger torque can be transmitted with the same universal joint dimensions, or a spatially smaller universal joint can be used with the same torque transmission.

According to FIG. 1a, each joint arm 82
or 103 width is fork root 83 or 10
It can be seen that the number decreases from 4 toward the tip.

According to the configuration of the fork body according to the present invention, it is possible to more effectively introduce torque from the shaft to the universal joint, and vice versa, it is possible to transmit torque from the universal joint to the connected shaft. The fork body constructed from two shell bodies according to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 can be manufactured in large quantities with different or the same sheet thickness, depending inter alia on the loads present and the required location. In particular, by injecting the filling material into the spaces of the closed hollow members 93 and 111, an unlimited amount of torque transmission can be guaranteed. This warranty does not cover additional materials,
This is further aided by compensating the thermal effects of the closed hollow part 93 or 111, for example by means of metal scraps. A closed hollow member can absorb a greater torque than one without filling, since more torques are not transmitted by the filling mass, and bending is prevented from occurring, especially in critical positions.

In addition to the filling material, the metal or metal scraps ensure that the walls of the closed hollow part 93 or 111 do not bulge out due to the plastic filling, especially when the universal joint is under maximum load or overload. A secure connection between the filling and the shell is achieved by injection or foaming of the plastic into the closed hollow part 93 or 111 or by chemical injection. For the plastic filling it is preferable to use pressure resistant plastics, such as ``Dellene''.

Depending on the load, deep-drawn steel plates with a strength of 60 kg per mm ² are used due to their heat treatment capacity for the production of fork bodies. In some cases, the plates can be heat treated beforehand, or the assembled hollow parts can be subsequently heat treated. All openings in the fork body, for example the receiving opening for the rotary pin bearing in the cross member, can be calibrated later to the respective desired tolerance. Similarly, all openings for bearings or shaft connections in the coupling halves according to the invention can be freely machined by subsequent flanging or by forming non-round holes. Subsequent processing is
The desired dimensions can be achieved via the mandrel as usual.

In order to be able to transmit large stress peaks and torque peaks from the shaft to the joint or from the joint to the shaft connection, the periphery of the central opening 87 has an edge 87a as shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b. These edges are in contact with the shaft connection part 88 like wavy lines. The torque transmission from the shaft to the fork body and vice versa is therefore distributed over a larger weld seam than when the fork body is connected directly butt to the tube piece 89 as in FIG. 1c.

Assembly of the fork cross can be accomplished in a conventional manner.

Without changing the essence of the invention, the joining of the individual parts of the joint halves according to the invention can also be carried out by spot, roll or butt welding.

Fork bodies 80, 101, shaft, pipe, tightening body,
Alternatively, the connection between the flange connections can be made by welding or gluing together. A circular seam along the circumference of the central opening of the connecting part is used as the weld seam. A circular seam may be provided along the outer ring surface of the fork body and the connection.

In special cases, the individual parts are connected to one another, for example by friction welding. Particularly at low torques, it is also possible to connect at least two individual parts of the joint halves according to the invention to one another by adhesive.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b are diagrams showing the first embodiment,
FIG. 1c is a diagram showing details of the structure, FIG. 1d is a diagram showing details of the structure, FIGS. 2a and 2b are diagrams showing the second embodiment, FIGS. 3a, 3b, and 3c. ,
FIG. 3d shows details of the construction, and FIG. 4 shows the conventional configuration of the various coupling halves for the torque transmission range. The correspondence relationship between the main parts shown and the symbols is as follows. 80,101...folk font, 81,102...
...Accommodating opening for rotating pin bearing.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A fork body consisting of two prefabricated thin-walled plate parts connected to each other, each of which has a receiving opening for a rotating pin bearing.2. In a joint half for a universal joint, the joint halves have two joint fork arms and a fork root with a central opening to which a connecting piece can be connected for torque transmission. The molded plate portion aligns with the center line of the accommodation opening 81 provided in the fork arm 82 and the fork root portion 83.
Formed shells 91 and 92 extend mirror-symmetrically with respect to the dividing planes extending through both center lines of the central openings 85 and 87 provided in the openings 85 and 87, and these molded shells characterized in that they are interconnected by welded or glued seams extending along the area of the shaped plates of the surface and are hollow members 93 that are closed except for the receiving opening 81 and the central openings 85, 87. Joint halves for universal joints. 2 Molded shells 91, 92 for closed hollow member 93
The joint half according to claim 1, wherein is a cold drawn or cold pressed sheet metal. 3. The joint half according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fork arm 82 has a substantially elliptical cross section. 4. The inner wall 95 of the rotary pin bearing receiving opening 81 consists of a recess 96 from the outer wall 86 of the fork arm 82 for one molded plate part and a recess 98 from the inner wall 84 for the other molded plate part. , a joint half according to any one of claims 1 to 3. 5 Opening 1 in the inner wall 95 of each accommodation opening 81
16 are provided, through which corresponding projections 118 on the bearing bush 117 for the rotary pin bearing project into the closed hollow member 93. Half body. 6. The closed hollow part 93 is filled, injected or foamed with a filling mass 119, preferably made of hardened plastic.
The joint half according to any one of items 1 to 5. 7 Plastic 119 additionally contains filler material,
7. A joint half according to claim 6, which includes, for example, metal scraps. 8. According to claim 5 or 6, the inner edges 97, 99 of the wall 95 drawn into the receiving opening 81 for the rotating pin bearing are bent into the closed hollow member 93. Joint half. 9 Bearing bush 122, 122a for rotating pin bearing
9. A joint half according to claim 8, wherein the joint halves have external protrusions 123, 123a for snap-fitting into the free space created by the bending of the internal edges. 10 The closed hollow member 93 has at least one air vent hole 100.
The joint half according to any one of items 1 to 9. 11. The joint half according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the width of each fork arm 82 decreases from the fork root 83 toward the tip. 12. The joint half according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the bearing bush 117 for the rotating pin bearing extends beyond the outer wall 86 of the fork arm 82 to the rotation radius 124 of the universal joint. body. 13. It has a fork body consisting of two prefabricated thin-walled molded plate parts connected to each other,
two joint fork arms, each of which has a receiving opening for a rotating pin bearing;
a fork root having a central opening;
A connecting piece is connectable to the root of this fork for torque transmission, and the inner molded plate part faces the joint axis and the outer molded plate part faces outward with respect to the joint axis. In the joint halves for this purpose, both molded plate parts 109, 110 are connected by a welded or glued seam 112 extending along the lateral joints of the fork arm 103 and the fork root 104, with the receiving opening 102 and the central opening 107
A joint half for a universal joint, characterized in that it is a hollow member 111 that is closed at other parts. 14. The joint half according to claim 13, wherein the molded shell molded plates 109, 110 for the closed hollow member 111 are cold drawn or cold pressed sheet metal. 15 Inner wall 11 of rotating pin bearing housing opening 102
3 is fork arm 1 for one molded plate part
15. The joint half according to claim 13 or 14, comprising a recess 114 from the outer wall 106 of 03 and a recess 115 from the inner wall 105 for the other molded plate part. 16. openings 116 are provided in the inner wall 113 of each receiving opening 102, through which corresponding projections 118 on the bearing bush 117 for the rotary pin bearing project into the closed hollow member 111; A joint half according to claim 15. 17. The closed hollow member 111 is filled with a filling mass 119, preferably made of hardened plastic;
17. A joint half according to any one of claims 13 to 16, which is injected or foamed. 18. Joint half according to claim 17, wherein the plastic 119 additionally contains a filler material, for example metal scrap. 19. According to claim 16 or 17, the inner edges 120, 121 of the wall 113 drawn into the receiving opening 102 for the rotary pin bearing are bent into the closed hollow member 111. Joint half. 20 Bearing bushing 122, 122 for rotating pin bearing
a has an outer protrusion 123, 123a for a snap fit into the free space created by the bending of the inner edge;
The joint half according to claim 19, having: 21. Joint half according to any one of claims 13 to 20, wherein the closed hollow member 111 has at least one air vent hole 100. 22 The width of each fork arm 103 is
22. A joint half according to any one of claims 12 to 21, which decreases from the fork root 104 towards the tip. 23. The joint half according to any one of claims 12 to 22, wherein the bearing bush 117 for the rotating pin bearing extends beyond the outer wall 106 of the fork arm 103 to the rotation radius 124 of the universal joint. body.