JPH0242804B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to a novel agricultural and horticultural fungicide containing two types of fungicidal components having different effects. That is, the present invention is based on the following general formula
The present invention provides an agricultural and horticultural fungicide characterized by blending at least one triazole derivative represented by (1) with at least one polyoxine group antibiotic or its salts. General formula (1) (However, in the formula, up to two Xs are the same or
They represent different halogen atoms or lower haloalkyl groups, and Y represents up to two halogen atoms. ) The characteristics of the agricultural and horticultural fungicide of the present invention are that the bactericidal effects of each drug are mutually enhanced and the drawbacks of each drug are compensated for, thereby expanding the bactericidal spectrum and making it possible to kill various useful plants. It is possible to exert extremely high disease control effects against various diseases in small amounts and continuously. Until now, IBP (0,
Organophosphorus agents such as 0-diisopropyl S-benzylthiophosphate) and EDDP (0-ethyl S,S-diphenyldithiophosphate), zineb (ethylene bisdithiocarbamate zinc salt) and maneb (ethylene bisdithiocarbamate manganese salt) ), organic chlorine agents such as PCP (pentachlorophenol) and TPN (tetrachloroisophthalonitrile), benomyl [methyl 1-(n-butylcarbamoyl)benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate], thiofur Various agricultural and horticultural fungicides such as natemethyl [1,2-di(3-methoxycarbonyl-2-thioureido)benzene] have been widely used. However, some of these known fungicides have a narrow bactericidal spectrum, or only exhibit either preventive or therapeutic effects against disease outbreaks, and there is no one that strongly exhibits both effects at the same time. . Furthermore, there are no methods that can consistently exhibit a stable pesticidal effect against changes in weather conditions or disease occurrence. Therefore, in order to obtain stable and high efficacy, farmers using these chemicals have to repeatedly spray extremely highly concentrated chemicals, or
High doses had to be used, including combinations of one or more drugs at customary concentrations of each drug. Repeated spraying in large amounts at such high concentrations poses problems such as toxicity to humans and livestock, residue on crops, and increased chemical costs, and there is a strong desire for the development of new pesticides that can overcome these problems. The reality is that there are. The present inventors have conducted intensive research on combinations that can improve these drawbacks and synergistically and synergistically enhance the properties of individual drugs. As a result, by blending the above-mentioned polyoxin group antibiotic or its salt with the triazole derivative represented by the general formula (1), a new and useful agricultural and horticultural fungicide was created. The agricultural and horticultural fungicide according to the present invention can be used to treat powdery mildew of melons, strawberries, roses, yellowtail, etc., mildew of cucumber, anthracnose of cucumber, sclerotium of cucumber, gray mold of cucumber, scabosis of cucumber, and tomato leaves. It exhibits excellent control effects on various diseases of vegetables and fruit trees, such as mold, tomato ring spot, pear black spot, pear leaf spot, and apple leaf spot, and its effects last for a long time. The excellent effects of this agricultural and horticultural fungicide are exhibited in a remarkable synergistic manner that is completely unexpected from the effects of each active ingredient used alone. Polyoxin, which is one of the active ingredients of the present invention, is described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 42-10941, Japanese Patent Publication No. 7131-1982, and "Pesticide Handbook 1981 Edition" (1981).
Published by the Japan Plant Protection Association (Japan Plant Protection Association) on March 20th
It is known as an agricultural and horticultural fungicide on pages 164-166. In addition, piomycin, which is included in the polyoxin group antibiotics, is described as an agricultural and horticultural fungicide in Japanese Patent Publication No. 44-27919, pages 171-173 of "Pesticide Handbook 1976 Edition" (published by the same association on October 18, 1976). It is known as These polyoxin group antibiotics or their salts have a relatively broad bactericidal spectrum and exhibit high therapeutic efficacy, but when sprayed prophylactically, they are not sufficiently effective due to poor residual efficacy and rain resistance. I have unbearable regret. Furthermore, in recent years, polyoxin-resistant bacteria have appeared in various crops such as powdery mildew, gray mold, apple spot leaf spot, and pear black spot, making it no longer effective, and many areas nationwide have stopped using polyoxin. It is becoming widespread. In such areas, even if polyoxin group antibiotics are sprayed in large quantities at high concentrations, there is almost no practical control effect. In addition, one of the active ingredients, a triazole derivative, is a compound disclosed as a fungicide for agricultural and horticultural purposes in Japanese Patent Publication No. 60-26391. It is also highly effective against mildew on eggplants, apples, grapes, green onions, chrysanthemums, etc. with a relatively low dose. However, this triazole derivative is effective against cucumber anthracnose, cucumber sclerotia, and botrytis botrytis.
It also shows control activity against diseases such as tomato ring spot, pear black spot, and apple leaf spot, but the dosage required to control these diseases is higher than that required to control powdery mildew and mildew of various crops. The disadvantage is that more than 10 times more chemicals must be sprayed than in the case of conventional methods. Therefore, by spraying a mixture of polyoxin group antibiotics or their salts, which have these drawbacks, and the triazole derivative represented by the general formula (1), conventionally, almost no control effect was observed due to the development of resistant bacteria. Nakatsuta pears, apple orchards and open fields,
It was also found to be sufficiently effective in controlling various diseases in greenhouse-grown vegetables. Furthermore, sufficient practical effects were observed for diseases for which each single agent had low control effects. In other words, these effects are clearly due to the synergy and synergism of the mixture of both drugs, which breaks the conventional concept of synergism and synergism caused by mixing.
This is a completely unexpected new fact. Since the agricultural and horticultural fungicides of the present invention have the excellent effects described above, it is sufficient to reduce the amount of the fungicides used to one-fourth to one-tenth of the amount when each of the fungicides is used alone. It has a pesticidal effect and can be used with confidence without worrying about toxicity to human stock or chemical damage to useful crops. Representative examples of substituted triazole derivatives that can be used in the present invention are as follows.
In addition, compound No. is also referred to in the following examples and test examples. Compound 1 4-chlorobenzyl N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1,2,4-triazole-1
-yl) ethanethioimidate Compound 2 3,4-dichlorobenzyl N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanethioimidate Compound 3 2,4-dichlorobenzyl N-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanethioimidate Compound 4 2,4-dichlorobenzyl N-(4-chloro-
2-trifluoromethylphenyl)-2-(1,
2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanethioimidate Compound 5 4-chlorobenzyl N-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanethioimidate Furthermore, the polyoxin group antibiotic used in the present invention includes 13 components A to M produced by Streptomyces cacao asoensis and a substance (same as the L component of polyoxin) produced by Streptomyces pyomogenus. These substances may be used in isolation as each component, or may be used as a complex. When carrying out the present invention, the active ingredient compound is diluted with a carrier and used in commonly used forms, such as wettable powders, emulsions, powders, DL (driftless) powders, flow dust powders, and flowable agents ( sol), granules, fine granules,
It may be formulated into tablets or the like and used according to known methods. Common carriers used in the present invention include clay, talc, bentonite,
Solid carriers such as kaolin, diatomaceous earth, and silica;
Alternatively, liquid carriers such as benzene, xylene, toluene, kerosene, alcohols (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, etc.), ketones (acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, etc.) can be used. These can be used by blending appropriate amounts of suitable surfactants, spreading agents, etc. into formulations. The appropriate blending ratio of the active ingredients in the present invention is 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of the polyoxin group antibiotic or its salt per 1 part of the substituted triazole derivative.
The blending ratio can be changed as appropriate depending on the conditions at the time of application and the disease occurrence situation. In addition to the active ingredients of the present invention, other fungicides, insecticides,
It can also be used in combination with herbicides and the like. When applying the agricultural and horticultural fungicide of the present invention, usually
The amount of active ingredient may be in the range of 10g to 100g per 10 ares, and the concentration of the active ingredient may be in the range of 0.001 to 0.2%. However, the mixing ratio of the active ingredients depends on the application conditions and damage state.
It is also possible to change the application amount, application concentration, etc. Examples of the agricultural and horticultural fungicides of the present invention will be shown next, but the types and mixing ratios of additives for the present invention are not limited to these, and can be varied within a wide range. In addition, parts in Examples indicate parts by weight. Example 1 Wettable powder Compound 1 5 parts, polyoxin B premix (contains 20% as polyoxin B; the same applies hereinafter) 5
1, 5 parts of white carbon, 5 parts of lauryl sulfate, 4 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, and 76 parts of clay were placed in a ribbon mixer and mixed well.Then, the mixture was thoroughly ground and mixed with an atomizer, and mixed again with the ribbon mixer to form a wettable powder. get. Example 2 Wettable powder 10 parts of compound 2, 10 parts of piomycin premix (containing 20% as polyoxin L), 4 parts of lauryl sulfate, 5 parts of sodium lignin sulfonate, and 71 parts of clay were mixed in the same manner as in example 1. Grind to obtain wettable powder. Example 3 Powder 1 part of Compound 3, 2 parts of Polyoxine B Premix, 1 part of silicic anhydride fine powder, 1 part of calcium stearate, 30 parts of clay, and 65 parts of talc are uniformly mixed to obtain a powder. Next, the bactericidal effect of the agricultural and horticultural fungicide of the present invention will be specifically explained using test examples. Test Example 1 Kiyu cucumber powdery mildew control effect test (field) Ki cucumber seedlings (Tokiwa Hikari No. 3 P type) were planted in a field in a single row with a spacing of 35 cm and a furrow width of 60 cm using a conventional method.
Chemical spraying is carried out three times every 10 days from the initial onset of powdery mildew on cucumbers. A dilute solution of a predetermined concentration of a wettable powder containing the active ingredients shown in Table 1 is sprayed at a rate of 250 per 10 ares each time. Sprayed with a small shoulder sprayer. The disease onset survey was conducted 14 days after the final spraying, on all leaves except the bottom three leaves of the six parent plants in each district, and the ratio of the area of powdery mildew spots per leaf (%).
was investigated, and the division value (%) was calculated using the following formula.
In addition, chemical damage to cucumbers was investigated using the following indicators. This test was conducted in triplicate with 6 plants per group per drug concentration, and the average control value (%) was determined. The results are shown in Table 1. Control value (%) = (1 - percentage of lesion area in sprayed area / percentage of lesion area in non-sprayed area) x 100 Chemical damage investigation index 5; Severe 4; Very 3; Large 2; Small 1; Slight 0; None

【table】

【table】

[Table] Chinomethionate indicates 6-methylquinoxaline-2,3-dithiocarbonate, and the value in brackets indicates the ratio (%) of the area affected by cucumber powdery mildew in the unsprayed area. Test Example 2 Tomato leaf mold control effect test (preventive effect, therapeutic effect and residual effect test)
Tomato seedlings (cultivar Daigo Fukuju) in the true leaf stage were used. Chemical spraying is shown in Table 2 to investigate the application of tomato leaf mold diseased seedlings 20 days before inoculation (residual application), 2 days before inoculation (preventive application), and 2 days after inoculation (therapeutic application). A diluted solution of a hydrating powder containing an active ingredient at a predetermined concentration was sprayed at a rate of 30 ml per two pots. The tomatoes treated with residual spray were managed outdoors (total number of rainy days: 4 days, rainfall amount: 43.4 mm). To inoculate the disease, conidia of the disease fungus (Cladosporium fulvum), which has been spore-formed on tomato leaves infected with tomato leaf mold, are inoculated with Tween 20 (trade name of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate). ) in 50ppm ion-exchanged water with a brush and measure the spore concentration using a microscope (150x1).
Adjustments were made so that there were around 50 pieces per field of view. This was used as an inoculum to spray inoculate onto tomato leaves sprayed with chemicals. After inoculation, the plants were kept in a humid room at 20°C for 24 hours, and then transferred to a controlled greenhouse at 24°C and humidity of 85-95% to induce disease onset. Disease onset was investigated by measuring the percentage area of tomato leaf mold lesions per leaf from the 2nd to 5th leaves 14 days after inoculation.
was investigated, and the control value (%) was calculated using the following formula. The test was conducted using a 3-pot system per district, and the average control value (%) was determined. Control value = (1 - percentage of lesion area in sprayed area/percentage of lesion area in non-sprayed area) x 100 The results are shown in Table 2.

【table】

[Table] Thiophanatomethyl is dimethyl 4,4'-0
-phenylenebis(3-thioallophanate), and the value in brackets indicates the average percentage of tomato leaf mold lesion area percentage (%) in non-sprayed plots. Test Example 3 Pear black spot control effect test (effect against polyoxin-resistant bacteria) A new shoot containing 8 to 9 newly developed leaves of a pear tree (variety Nijusseiki) was cut, and water was poured into a 200 ml container for the test. provided. For chemical spraying, a sufficient amount of a dilute solution of a hydrating powder containing the active ingredients shown in Table 3 at a predetermined concentration was sprayed onto the underside of a pear leaf using a glass nebulizer. The inoculation was carried out using pear black spot fungus (Alternaria Kikuchiana;
50 ppm of Tween 20 [trade name of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate manufactured by Kao Atlas Co., Ltd.] in a ratio of 7:3 to polyoxin-resistant conidia and polyoxin-susceptible conidia of M. kicutiana).
The spores were dispersed in a solution and the spore concentration was adjusted to about 20 spores per field of view under a microscope at 150x magnification. After inoculation, pear cuttings (in a 200ml container) were kept in a humid room at 24°C for 24 hours.
After that, it was kept in a growth cabinet at 24-26°C and 85-95% humidity. Four days after inoculation with the pathogen, the percentage of lesion area (%) per leaf was investigated, and the control value (%) was calculated using the following formula. The test was conducted in one area with three branches, and the average control value (%) was determined. Control value (%) = (1 - percentage of lesion area in sprayed area/percentage of lesion area in non-sprayed area) x 100 The results are shown in Table 3.

【table】

【table】

【table】

[Table] Zineb indicates zinc ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate), and the value in the box for the non-sprayed area is 1.
The average pear black spot lesion area ratio (%) per leaf is shown.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Polyoxin group antibiotic or its salt and general formula; (In the formula, X represents up to two identical or different halogen atoms or a lower haloalkyl group, and Y represents up to two halogen atoms.) A fungicide for agriculture and horticulture.