JPH02283201A - Seed coat-attached seed and production thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To simply obtain the title seed having normal germination ratio without injuring seed body by breaking part of seed coat by mechanical impact. CONSTITUTION:For example, seeds having seed coat such as pericarp on a seed body of Spinacia oleracea, Crytotaenia japonica, etc., is subjected to low temperature treatment (preferably treating by a spray type freezer, cooling air circulation type freezer, etc., at-30 deg.C to 196 deg.C for 30 to 40sec) with liquid helium, etc., and then seed cooled to <=-7- deg.C by lowering temperature of mechanics such as impeller system for mechanical impact treatment is inserted and flung to peripheral wall to provide the aimed seed.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to seeds that shorten the germination time of piled seeds and prevent uneven germination, and a method for producing seeds.

[Conventional technology]

It is very important to grow seeds uniformly over time and with a high germination rate, for example, to produce particularly fast-growing spinach with a good yield.

For example, for seeds such as spinach to germinate, they must first absorb water.

The outer part of the seed is covered with a hard seed coat called pericarp, and this seed coat absorbs water, and then the embryo inside the seed coat absorbs water and germinates, but the seed absorbs water. There is a drawback that the condition is uneven, and the seed coat prevents water from progressing, delaying germination.

Therefore, in normal cultivation, in order to speed up germination, seeds are soaked in water for 20 to 24 hours to allow the seed coat to absorb sufficient water before being used in a machine, and then used in a machine to speed up germination.

In addition to promoting germination with water, it is also known to treat germination at high temperatures in the presence of chemicals such as gibberellin, benzyladenine, kinetin, thiourea, ethrel, hydrogen peroxide, potassium nitrite, and sodium hypochlorite. ing.

[Problem to be solved by the invention] However, when seeds are soaked in water, they do not germinate uniformly when placed in the soil or in a sponge for hydroponic cultivation, resulting in unevenly grown crops and poor harvested crops. When bundling, slow-growing plants had to be removed and sorted, resulting in poor productivity and workability.

On the other hand, when treated with chemicals, the chemicals may penetrate into the seed coat and have a negative effect on normal seeds, which is not desirable.

Therefore, there is a strong demand for a seed germination treatment method that allows for uniform germination, short germination time, and improved yields.

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present inventors have conducted extensive research in order to eliminate the above-mentioned defects; as a result, they have found that exfoliating the seed coat is an effective means to achieve this objective. , previously discovered that seeds obtained by an efficient peeling method of peeling the seed coat at low temperatures can achieve this purpose.

However, if the seed coat is completely peeled off using this low-temperature peeling method or any other method, there is a risk that the seeds inside are likely to be damaged and the normal germination rate may be reduced.

Therefore, if the damage to the seed coat is limited to a crack or a hole in a part of the seed coat, and if the seed coat is left unpeeled, the seeds inside are protected by this damaged seed coat. The present invention was completed by discovering that not only is there no damage, but when this model is used, the germination state is the same as when the seed coat is completely peeled off.

That is, the present invention consists of the following inventions.

1a! Seeds with seed coats obtained by partially breaking the seed coats due to mechanical impact.

2. Seeds with seed coats according to ring 1, wherein the mechanical impact is such that the seeds collide with a wall by jetting a seed stream.

3I! Seeds with seed coats according to ring 1, which is a method in which the mechanical impact applies rapid decompression.

4. A method for producing seeds with seed coats, which involves cooling the seeds to 15 to 200°C and immediately applying a mechanical shock to break a part of the seed coat.

5. A method for producing seeds with seed coats, in which the seeds are cooled to -30 to 170°C and then immediately subjected to mechanical shock to damage a portion of the seed coat.

6. The method for producing seeds with seed coats according to Item 4 or 5, wherein the FJ & mechanical impact is a method in which the seeds are collided with each other by jetting a seed stream.

7. The method for producing seeds with seed coats according to item 4 or 5, wherein the arc impact is a method of applying rapid decompression.

8. A method for producing seeds with seed coats, which comprises treating with a protein-soluble solution and then applying mechanical impact to partially damage the seed coats.

Examples of seeds used in the seed coated seeds and the method for producing the same of the present invention include seeds that have a seed coat such as a pericarp on the seed body, such as spinach, mitsuba, okra, shungiku, beets, buckwheat, sunflowers, beans, etc. can be used.

The seeds of the present invention are covered with seed coats that are partially damaged and exposed to the outside by mechanical impact.

As a method for applying the mechanical impact, for example, mechanical devices such as a roll method, a vibrating sieve, crushing using high-speed rotary blades, a method of impinging a seed stream against a wall, and a method of reducing pressure can be used.

Among these, the jet flow impingement method for seeds allows the impact force to be precisely adjusted over a very wide range simply by changing the speed of the seed flow depending on the weight of the seeds and the thickness and hardness of the seed coat. It is particularly suitable because it prevents complete peeling of the seed coat and causes damage to the seed coat to the extent of cracks or holes.

This kind of seed flow uses a method that blows seeds at high speed, such as a single-impeller type, which blows seeds around by centrifugal force from a central part that rotates at high speed, or a jet stream method, which blows seeds with air jets. can do.

By using such a device, the seed coat is prevented from peeling off and falling off, and even if it falls off, the seed itself is not damaged, and the seed coat is removed by cracking the seed coat or causing part of the seed coat to fall off. Can be opened.

In addition, equipment such as peelers and coarse roll mills can also damage the seed coat.

Among these methods, even when crushing with a roll method, the size of the seed remains constant depending on the type of seed, so it is possible to suitably break the seed coat by adjusting the interval between the rolls.

Even in this case, if the impact force is increased, the number of detached seeds increases, and the number of seeds with some scratches on the surface increases, and these seeds do not germinate normally.

The peeled seeds and the seeds with damaged seed coats can be separated and used using a sieve.

Furthermore, a method in which the seed coat is opened by applying an impact due to rapid decompression is also suitable in that the seed body is not damaged.

This can be done, for example, by suddenly opening a cock connected to a container containing the seeds under normal or slightly pressurized pressure and a vacuum container with a larger volume.

As the Ia machine for mechanical impact used in the present invention, a commercially available II seed peeling machine such as a rice grinder, such as Otake Minidap manufactured by Otake Seisakusho Co., Ltd., Rice Master manufactured by Satake Seisakusho Co., Ltd., and Shinnihon Noki Co., Ltd. It can be used by adjusting the operating conditions of the vacuum-type Rice Speller.

In order to obtain seeds with seed coats of the present invention, it is preferable to subject them to low temperature treatment or chemical treatment before the seed coat is damaged by mechanical impact.

In the former low-temperature treatment method of the present invention, a mechanical impact is applied to the low-temperature-treated seeds to damage their seed coats.

In the production method of the present invention, as a method for ultra-low temperature treatment of seeds, liquid helium, liquid neon, liquid argon, liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquefied carbon dioxide, liquid air, chlorofluorocarbons, mixtures of two or more of the above gases, etc. are used. By using a quick freezing device such as a spray freezer or cold air circulation freezer, the temperature inside the refrigerator is set at -5 to -270°C, preferably -3
0 to -196°C, particularly preferably -70 to -196°C
The process takes about 30 to 40 seconds.

In the production method of the present invention, the seed coat is damaged by mechanical impact after low-temperature treatment, so at temperatures below -5°C, the seed coat freezes and loses its elasticity, especially at -30'C! Preferably, if the temperature is -70° C. or lower, the seed coat becomes even more brittle, and even a slight impact or deformation will cause the seed coat to crack.

At room temperature, the seed coat is elastic, and if you try to forcefully peel it off, the inner skin of the seed body will be damaged, and so-called ativistic germination, where the cotyledons first protrude from the seed through the wound, will occur, which will prevent rooting. It mixes with the normal ones that come out earlier, disrupting the uniformity of germination.

In addition, in the case of seeds with seed coats according to the present invention in which the seed coats are simply damaged without being peeled off, the above situation is alleviated, but seeds with seed coats do not have their seed coats damaged unless low temperature treatment or chemical treatment described below is performed. It is desirable to perform low-temperature treatment, etc., since the rate of contamination increases.

On the other hand, when the seed coat is damaged by maintaining it at a low temperature, especially an ultra-low temperature, as in the present invention, the seed coat has frozen and lost its elasticity, so the seed coat can be cracked by a light impact and the seed coat can be broken without damaging the inner seed coat. It is easy to divide only.

When the temperature is lower than the freezing point, the water in the seed coat freezes, making the seed coat hard and cracking or puncturing with a small amount of force, effectively yielding broken seeds with a seed coat.

Low-temperature treatment I: When applying mechanical shock to seeds, if the temperature is relatively high, the temperature of the seeds may rise during the mechanical shock treatment.

In such a case, it is desirable to lower the temperature of the seed insertion part of the mechanical shock treatment machine to prevent the temperature of the seeds from rising.

In addition, in the production method of the present invention, instead of cooling or in addition to cooling, after soaking the seed coat in a protein-soluble liquid, for example, a phenol aqueous solution, sodium hydroxide, etc.
Seeds of the present invention can be produced by damaging the seed coat by mechanical impact.

[Example] Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to Examples.

Example 1 Hyvac (trade name manufactured by Asgrow) was used as spinach seeds, and was equipped with a liquid nitrogen supply container and an injection nozzle. Remove the seeds and immediately transfer them to the Oak Cheminidap FCIK-M manufactured by Ohtake Seisakusho Co., Ltd. and process the seeds at a rate of 509 for 10 seconds to reduce spinach seeds with broken seed coats to 12309.
I got it. At the same time, 249 completely exfoliated seeds were obtained, and there were no scratches on the surface of these exfoliated seeds.

All of the seed coats of the seeds with seed coats were damaged, such as holes or cracks.

Germination tests were conducted on the obtained seeds with damaged seed coats, completely exfoliated seeds, and seeds with untreated seed coats using both the glass petri dish bed method and the direct soil sowing method using the following formulation.

■ Glass petri dish bed method: Seeds with damaged seed coats, seeds treated with low-temperature peeling, and seeds with untreated pericarp, 100 seeds each in 1 section, were soaked with water in 4 sections, and placed on a bed of f-2 filter papers. Remove the seeds at the same time at 1:00 p.m.

The germination status was observed from 2 days later at 8:00 am and 5:00 pm, and the results are shown in Table 1.

(Left below) Seeds with damaged seed coats and peeled seeds are about 3 times smaller than untreated seeds.
Not only do they germinate earlier in the day, but more than half of the germination is concentrated on the second day.Untreated seeds have different germination times, and treated seeds have almost finished germinating by the third day. , germination of untreated seeds varied up to 6 days later.

Spinach, which is currently grown hydroponically on urethane beds, is harvested every 29 days, so germination four days earlier shortens the harvest cycle and improves productivity. Furthermore, due to uniform growth, it is harvested two days earlier. You will be able to harvest it.

Traditionally, slow-growing plants were thinned out and discarded in order to be harvested quickly. This will save you the trouble of thinning, and will also increase your yield. Such an effect is a great effect in spinach cultivation.

■ Investigate the germination status using the soil direct sowing method for seeds similar to soil direct sowing method I.
two.

It was sown in the soil at the same time as the cold-exfoliated seeds.

The germination status is shown in Table 2.

(Left below) In this case, seeds with untreated seed coats should be soaked in water for 24 hours before sowing, and seeds with broken seed coats should be soaked in water for 24 hours before sowing. It can be seen that most of the seeds germinated, and moreover, most of them germinated all at once within two days, the 4th and 3rd day.

Untreated seeds with seeds have a poor germination rate, and the germination period is spread over 9 days, resulting in uneven growth.

Example 2 The same low-temperature treatment operation as in Example 1 was applied to Rimson Spinless okra seeds produced in the United States, and the seed coat was crushed using a roll method using a rice master HP330B manufactured by Satake Seisakusho Co., Ltd. and subjected to mechanical shock. added.

This m-machine consists of two slightly different rolls, each 30 cm long and 12 cm in diameter, installed at a certain distance, and the cold-treated seeds are dropped between them by rotating them. , the seed coat is damaged by sandwiching the seeds between the rolls, and the rotation speed of the rolls is 1200 rpm,
500 g of original seeds were treated for 30 seconds.

The seed coats of the seeds with seed coats obtained were all perforated I;
There are cracks.

The germination times of okra seeds with damaged seed coats and seeds with normal seed coats were compared using a glass Petri dish method and a direct soil removal method.

The results are shown in Tables 3 and 4.

(Margin below) The results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.

(The following is a margin) The results in Tables 3 and 4 show the same results as in Example 1.

Example 3 A. Example 1 was added to a dilute aqueous phenol solution (1% by weight).
Spinach seeds similar to those in Example 1 were soaked for 20 minutes, washed briefly with water, dried, and subjected to mechanical impact using a single impeller jet as in Example 1. In this case, set the rotation speed to 3900
was increased to make the impact stronger than in Example 1.

The sample was immersed in a 0.19% sodium hydroxide solution for 20 minutes, and the same procedure as in A was performed.

C. Seeds that were not immersed in the chemical solution were exposed to the same mechanical impact as in A and Mouth.

2. Spinach seeds that had been subjected to the same low-temperature treatment as in Example 1 were subjected to the same mechanical impact as in A.

The seeds obtained in Steps A, Kuchi, Ha, and Step II were visually observed and examined separately into exfoliated seeds, seeds with seed coats, and damaged peeled seeds.
Take 0 seeds and count the number of seeds with holes or cracks in the seed coat.

Table 5 From the results, it can be seen that most of the seed coats of seeds with seed coats were damaged in the chemically treated seeds, while the untreated seeds were damaged, although their seed coats were less damaged. It can be seen that there are many kuzu seeds.

Furthermore, in case 2, the same impact causes the seed coat to completely peel off, resulting in an increase in waste seeds.

[Effects of the Invention] The seeds of the present invention are extremely superior in germination rate and growth uniformity compared to ordinary seeds with seed coats, and are no different from completely exfoliated seeds. Moreover, according to the production method of the present invention, since the seed body is not damaged, there is an advantage that uniformly germinated seeds with a high normal germination rate can be easily obtained.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Seeds with seed coats in which part of the seed coats is damaged by mechanical impact. 2. The seed coated seed according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical impact is of a type in which the seed collides with a wall by jetting a seed stream. 3. The seed with seed coat according to claim 1, wherein the mechanical impact is a method of applying a sudden pressure reduction. 4. A method for producing seeds with seed coats, in which a mechanical shock is applied immediately after cooling the seeds to -5 to -200°C to partially damage the seed coats. 5. A method for producing seeds with seed coats, in which a mechanical shock is applied immediately after cooling the seeds to -30 to -170°C to partially damage the seed coats. 6. The method for producing seeds with seed coats according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the mechanical impact is a method of causing the seeds to collide with a wall by jetting a seed stream. 7. The method for producing seeds with seed coats according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the mechanical impact is a method of applying rapid pressure reduction. 8. A method for producing seeds with seed coats, in which the seed coats are damaged by mechanical impact after treatment by soaking them in a protein-soluble solution.