JPH02241559A - Removing apparatus of fine particles from exhaust gas and flue gas - Google Patents
Removing apparatus of fine particles from exhaust gas and flue gasInfo
- Publication number
- JPH02241559A JPH02241559A JP2024562A JP2456290A JPH02241559A JP H02241559 A JPH02241559 A JP H02241559A JP 2024562 A JP2024562 A JP 2024562A JP 2456290 A JP2456290 A JP 2456290A JP H02241559 A JPH02241559 A JP H02241559A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- particulates
- exhaust gas
- exhaust
- air
- conductor
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005367 electrostatic precipitation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract description 9
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 6
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 3
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010006451 bronchitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000357 carcinogen Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003183 carcinogenic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012717 electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phencyclidine Chemical class C1CCCCN1C1(C=2C=CC=CC=2)CCCCC1 JTJMJGYZQZDUJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
- B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
- B03C3/12—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by separation of ionising and collecting stations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
- B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
- B03C3/04—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type
- B03C3/06—Plant or installations having external electricity supply dry type characterised by presence of stationary tube electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
ス煙道ガスから微粒子を除去するシステムに関する。さ
らに詳細には、本発明はディーゼルエンジンの排気また
は軽油、これよりも重質の油、さらには芳香族化合物成
分が混じった重質油の燃焼を伴なうすべての場合(熱発
生プラント、可搬式発電機、大規模発電所など)または
石炭の燃焼で発生する煙道ガスから微粒子が放出される
のをなくすかまたは少なくとも大きく減少せしめるシス
テムに関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a system for removing particulates from flue gas. More particularly, the present invention applies to all cases involving the combustion of diesel engine exhaust or light oil, heavier oils, even heavy oils mixed with aromatic components (heat generating plants, possible The present invention relates to a system for eliminating or at least significantly reducing the emission of particulates from flue gases produced in portable generators, large-scale power plants, etc.) or in the combustion of coal.
本明細書における記述を簡略にするために以下において
はディーゼルエンジンについてのみ例示することとする
が、これから述べるポイントおよび結論は他の場合にお
いても等しく適用され得るものである。In order to simplify the description in this specification, only a diesel engine will be exemplified below, but the points and conclusions described below can be equally applied to other cases.
約10個の炭素を有する分子または単純な芳香族化合物
分子から始まる炭化水素の燃焼は、たとえばCo. C
O2およびH.0のような通常の燃焼生成物ばかりでな
く、たとえば未燃焼有機化合物、す\および窒素酸化物
のような生成物をも発生せしめる。Combustion of hydrocarbons starting from molecules with about 10 carbons or simple aromatic molecules is eg Co. C
O2 and H. It generates not only the usual combustion products such as carbon dioxide, but also products such as unburned organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, and nitrogen oxides.
排気ガスの組成は燃焼に用いられた空気の量に依存して
可成り変化するものである。しかしながら、良好なプロ
セス収率を得るためにはくすなわち充分な動力を得るた
めには)、空気−燃料比をおおよそ一定の値に固定する
こととなるが、このような値の下では微粒子の放出を回
避することがむずかしい。The composition of the exhaust gas varies considerably depending on the amount of air used for combustion. However, in order to obtain good process yields (i.e., to obtain sufficient power), the air-to-fuel ratio is fixed at a roughly constant value; Difficult to avoid release.
このことは自動車のディーゼルエンジンの場合には観察
者にとって特に明かにわかる現象となって生じ、著しい
大気汚染であるとか健康上甚だ有害であるとかの非難を
あびることとなる。This phenomenon is particularly obvious to observers in the case of automobile diesel engines, leading to accusations that they pollute the air and are extremely harmful to health.
総括的に云えば、このような非難は根拠のないものであ
る。事実、ガソリンエンジンに較べるとディーゼルエン
ジンは、発生する一酸化炭素(一酸化炭素は血液の酸素
交換機能を阻害するので強力な毒物である)の量は4な
いし6分の1であり、未燃炭化水素(これは高い発癌性
を有する)の量は大略半分であり、窒素酸化物(これは
酸性雨に関係する)の量も約半分である。Overall, such accusations are groundless. In fact, compared to gasoline engines, diesel engines produce four to one-sixth the amount of carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide is a powerful poison as it inhibits the oxygen exchange function of the blood), and the amount of unburned The amount of hydrocarbons (which are highly carcinogenic) is roughly half as much, and the amount of nitrogen oxides (which is associated with acid rain) is also about half.
しかしながら、ディーゼルエンジンでは炭素粒子(これ
は長期間にわたると気管支炎やその他の胸部疾患を生せ
しめる)を40倍も放出すると共に、二酸化硫黄(これ
も酸性雨の原因となるが、ガソリンで行なったのと同様
にディーゼル燃料も脱硫すればなくすことができる)も
放出する。However, diesel engines emit 40 times more carbon particles (which can cause bronchitis and other chest illnesses over time) and 40 times more sulfur dioxide (which also causes acid rain) than gasoline. Similarly, diesel fuel also releases carbon dioxide (which can be eliminated by desulfurization).
また、す\は未燃炭化水素を吸着してこの発癌性物質の
媒介体として作用することも注目すべきである。It should also be noted that su\ acts as a mediator for this carcinogen by adsorbing unburned hydrocarbons.
要約するに、軽油、燃料油およびその類似物の燃焼で生
じたす\は極度に不快なもので、その大気放出は全くな
くすかまたは少なくとも大きく減少せしめなければなら
ないことは疑いないのである。In summary, there is no doubt that the gases produced by the combustion of gas oils, fuel oils and the like are extremely unpleasant and their atmospheric emissions must be completely eliminated or at least greatly reduced.
炭化水素の燃焼によって生ずる微粒子の量を成る程度減
少せしめることは、電子装置によって燃焼を調節するこ
とで達成せしめ得る。しかしながらこの調節は約20%
だけ煙の等級を減する。この減少率は多くの場合不充分
である。この問題を解決するために今迄多くの努力がな
されて来た。A significant reduction in the amount of particulates produced by the combustion of hydrocarbons can be achieved by regulating the combustion with electronic devices. However, this adjustment is approximately 20%
Only reduces the smoke grade. This rate of reduction is often insufficient. Many efforts have been made to solve this problem.
数多くの特許(たとえば特開昭63− 232817号
、ヨーロッパ特許第283,240号、同第114,6
96号、米国特許第4,622,810号、同第4.6
04,868号、同第4571、938号など)では、
微粒子を機械的に捕捉できる様々な種類のセラミックフ
ィルタを用いている。Numerous patents (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-232817, European Patent No. 283,240, European Patent No. 114,6)
No. 96, U.S. Patent No. 4,622,810, U.S. Patent No. 4.6
No. 04,868, No. 4571, 938, etc.)
Various types of ceramic filters are used that can mechanically capture particulates.
これらのセラミックフィルタは、たとえば特別のバーナ
で生成した熱ガスを利用する燃焼により、または予熱空
気流により周期的に再生せしめ得るものである。このよ
うなフィルタには屡々燃焼を容易にするためにたとえば
白金のような触媒を含有せしめておく。These ceramic filters can be periodically regenerated, for example, by combustion using hot gases produced in special burners or by means of a preheated air stream. Such filters often contain a catalyst, such as platinum, to facilitate combustion.
このようにすることにより、微粒子の量は大きく減少す
るが、セラミックフィルタのコスト高であることおよび
こわれ易いものであること、さらには触媒がコスト高で
あることおよび劣化し易いものであることなどがこのよ
うなフィルタの使用、ことに自動車用としての使用を非
経済的なものとしていたのである。By doing this, the amount of particulates is greatly reduced, but the ceramic filter is expensive and fragile, and the catalyst is expensive and easily deteriorates. This made the use of such filters uneconomical, especially for use in automobiles.
米国特許第4,741,746号では、ディーゼルエン
ジン排気ガス中の炭素微粒子を沈降せしめるのにコロナ
放電をなす静電沈降器を用いることを提案している。U.S. Pat. No. 4,741,746 proposes the use of an electrostatic precipitator with a corona discharge to precipitate carbon particulates in diesel engine exhaust gas.
米国特許第4,587,808号もまたディーゼルエン
ジン関係のものであり、分子解離器の使用を提案してい
る。この分子解離器は150KVにも及ぶ電圧で、CC
01CoおよびNOx分子の解離を生じさせ、未燃炭化
水素を構成元素に解離させ、次いでこのようにして生成
した炭素微粒子を、既に排気中に存在する炭素微粒子と
共に除去するのである。U.S. Pat. No. 4,587,808 is also related to diesel engines and proposes the use of a molecular dissociator. This molecular dissociator has a voltage of up to 150KV, and CC
The dissociation of O1Co and NOx molecules occurs, the unburned hydrocarbons are dissociated into their constituent elements, and the carbon particles thus produced are then removed together with the carbon particles already present in the exhaust gas.
しかしながら、運輸により生ずる空気汚染に関する19
87年パリ会議において、工業に由来するシステムを自
動車に装備すると、その有効性はうたがわしくなり(サ
イクロンの場合)、またその大きさが大きすぎ、さらに
はその機構が禁止的に複雑なものとなる(静電分離器の
場合)ことが報告されている(ポリ二一ジョンアトモス
フエリク、1987年12月特別号、第268−285
頁参照)。However, 19
At the Paris Conference in 1987, it was concluded that when automobiles are equipped with systems derived from industry, their effectiveness becomes questionable (in the case of cyclones), their size is too large, and their mechanisms are prohibitively complex. It has been reported that (in the case of electrostatic separators)
(see page).
上述のことから、寸法が限られている場合(たとえば自
動車用ディーゼルエンジンなどまたは家庭用熱プラント
の場合)には、炭化水素の燃焼で生ずる排気ガス中の煙
の成分の減少に関係する技術的問題および経済的問題は
解決から遠くかけ離れている段階にあることは明らかで
ある。From the above, it can be seen that in cases of limited dimensions (e.g. in the case of automotive diesel engines or domestic heat plants), the technical aspects related to the reduction of the smoke content in the exhaust gases resulting from the combustion of hydrocarbons are It is clear that the problem and economic problems are far from being resolved.
本発明の目的は、炭化水素の燃焼に起因する排気ガス中
の微粒子を著しく減少せしめる構造簡易で費用がかから
ずコンパクトな装置を提供すると共に、分離したす\の
除去のために用いる手段が簡単であるシステムを提供す
ることによって上述の諸欠点を解決することにある。An object of the present invention is to provide a simple, inexpensive, and compact device that can significantly reduce particulate matter in exhaust gas resulting from the combustion of hydrocarbons, and to The object is to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks by providing a system that is simple.
本発明によれば、高電圧発生器、す\の静電分離手段お
よび集めたす\の除去手段の3つの手段の組合せを化石
燃料燃焼システムの排気または煙道ガスパイプ内に設け
たことを特徴とするダスト除去システムが提供される。According to the invention, a combination of three means is provided in the exhaust or flue gas pipe of a fossil fuel combustion system: a high-voltage generator, electrostatic separation means for the suction and means for removing the collected suction. A dust removal system is provided.
前記す\の静電分離手段は排気または煙道ガスが流れる
ところに少なくとも1対の導体を配設し、これら導体の
それぞれを前記高電圧発生器の端子のひとつに適宜接続
し、一方の導体を他方の導体の極性とは逆の極性の電荷
を与えるのである。The electrostatic separation means described above comprises at least one pair of conductors disposed where the exhaust or flue gases flow, each of these conductors suitably connected to one of the terminals of the high voltage generator, and one conductor connected to one of the terminals of the high voltage generator. gives a charge of opposite polarity to that of the other conductor.
上述とは異なり、前記導体を、他方の導体とは適宜絶縁
されかつ他方の電極の方向を向いた少なくともひとつの
点を有する一方の導体から成るものとすることができる
。In contrast to the above, the conductor can consist of one conductor which is suitably insulated from the other conductor and has at least one point pointing in the direction of the other electrode.
さらに他の実施例においては、これら導体の一方を導管
の内面で形成せしめ、他方をこの導管の軸線に沿って配
設されこの導管から適宜絶縁された細長い導体とするこ
とができる。In still other embodiments, one of the conductors may be formed on the inner surface of the conduit, and the other may be an elongated conductor disposed along the axis of the conduit and suitably insulated from the conduit.
前記す−を除去する手段は、排気ガス自体または空気の
効果によって微粒子の温度を上昇せしめて燃焼せしめる
手段から成るものとすることができる。集められたす\
はまたシステムから外して清掃できる切替可能または取
替可能な手段を用いることによって除去することができ
る。またこのためには場合によっては既知手段を採用す
ることができる。The means for removing the soot may consist of means for raising the temperature of the particulates by the effect of the exhaust gas itself or air and causing them to burn. It was collected\
can also be removed by using switchable or replaceable means that can be removed and cleaned from the system. Further, for this purpose, known means may be employed depending on the case.
集めた微粒子の温度を上昇せしめる手段としては、酸化
成分に富んだ熱ガスを微粒子に供給する小型の補助バー
ナの形か、排気ガスまたは空気またはこれらの混合気の
流れの中で微粒子を加熱する電気ヒータの形とすること
ができる。Means of increasing the temperature of the collected particles may be in the form of small auxiliary burners that supply the particles with hot gas rich in oxidizing components, or by heating the particles in a stream of exhaust gas or air or a mixture thereof. It can be in the form of an electric heater.
煙突、スモークスタックや成る種の商業車におけるエフ
ジーストのように排気ガスまたは煙道ガスの管路が垂直
に延在している場合においては、ダスト除去手段は微粒
子除去システムの最下部でガスが垂直管路に入る地点に
配置した集収トラッブから成るものとすることができる
。この実収トラップにおける微粒子の集収は適宜システ
ムたとえば燃焼プロセスまたはガス流れの中断中に作動
せしめられる振動機の使用によって容易に行なわれる。In cases where the exhaust or flue gas lines run vertically, such as in chimneys, smoke stacks, and other types of commercial vehicles, the dust removal means must be placed at the bottom of the particulate removal system so that the gas is It may consist of a collection trub located at the point of entry into the pipeline. The collection of particulates in this trap is facilitated by the use of appropriate systems, such as vibrators which are activated during the combustion process or during interruptions in the gas flow.
本発明の別の実施例においては、排気/煙道管路から分
離せしめ得るす\容器としても機能する適宜寸法の微粒
子除去システムを用いて、この容器をひんばんに取外し
て交換し、清掃して再使用することができるようにして
いる。In another embodiment of the invention, a suitably sized particulate removal system that also functions as a container that can be separated from the exhaust/flue line is used to frequently remove, replace, and clean the container. so that it can be reused.
以下本発明を添付図面に例示したその好適な実施例につ
いて詳述する。DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
第1図において、鋼(好適にはステンレス鋼)の排気ま
たは煙道ガスパイプ1は、微粒子除去システムの導体の
ひとつとしても機能するもので、図示してない高電圧発
生器の正極に接続しである。In Figure 1, a steel (preferably stainless steel) exhaust or flue gas pipe 1, which also serves as one of the conductors of the particulate removal system, is connected to the positive terminal of a high voltage generator, not shown. be.
排気ガスは導管9から入来する。高電圧発生器の他方の
電極に接続した他方の導体は絶縁体8を通ってパイプ1
に入れてあり、このパイプ1の軸線に沿って延びその若
干の距離にわたって絶縁体3で部分的に絶縁されている
。導体2の自由端部は適宜の絶縁体4で支持されている
。この絶縁体4はパイプ1と導体2との間に設置された
間隔を隔てた小さい棒の形としたものである。パイプ1
はまた外部ヒータ5と、導管6と、スパーク放電プラグ
またはグロー放電プラグlOを有する。Exhaust gas enters through conduit 9. The other conductor connected to the other electrode of the high voltage generator passes through the insulator 8 to the pipe 1
It extends along the axis of the pipe 1 and is partially insulated over a certain distance with an insulator 3. The free end of the conductor 2 is supported by a suitable insulator 4. The insulator 4 is in the form of small spaced rods placed between the pipe 1 and the conductor 2. pipe 1
It also has an external heater 5, a conduit 6 and a spark or glow discharge plug lO.
作動においては、排気ガスは導管9からパイプ1内に供
給され、図面で右から左へと流れる。ともに高電圧発生
器の端子に接続された導体2とパイプ1との間のスペー
スSでは、炭素粒子は電荷を与えられてパイプ1の内壁
へと引き付けられ、ここで放電し沈積して堆積7を形成
する。In operation, exhaust gas is fed into the pipe 1 from the conduit 9 and flows from right to left in the drawing. In the space S between the conductor 2 and the pipe 1, both connected to the terminals of a high-voltage generator, the carbon particles are charged and attracted to the inner wall of the pipe 1, where they are discharged and deposited, forming a deposit 7. form.
この堆積が成る厚さに達する、すなわち導体1の全体内
での炭素の形成によって導体1および2が互いに充分に
絶縁され得ない段階に達すると、導体間の電圧が落ち、
場合によってはこの電圧の降下が全く著しくなる。When this deposition reaches such a thickness that conductors 1 and 2 cannot be sufficiently insulated from each other due to the formation of carbon throughout conductor 1, the voltage between the conductors drops;
In some cases this voltage drop can be quite significant.
この時点において、電気抵抗の形とすることができるヒ
ータ5を作動せしめ、およびまたはグロー放電またはス
パーク放電プラグlOのスイッチを投入し、およびまた
は補助バーナからの非常に熱いガスまたは空気を吹き入
れるのである。個別または少なくともひとつを他のもの
に関連せしめたこれらの作動は、炭素の堆積7の温度を
これが燃焼するおおよそ400℃ないし550℃の範囲
の温度に上昇せしめるように設計されている。At this point, the heater 5, which can be in the form of an electrical resistance, is activated, and/or the glow discharge or spark discharge plug lO is switched on, and/or very hot gas or air from the auxiliary burner is blown in. be. These operations, either individually or at least one in conjunction with the other, are designed to raise the temperature of the carbon deposit 7 to a temperature in the range of approximately 400° C. to 550° C. at which it burns.
これらの作動を容易にするために、少なくとも前述のパ
イプ1をふたつ並列に設置してあり、これらのパイプの
少なくともひとつです\を排気ガス中から分離している
間に、他のパイプの少なくともひとつにおいては溜まっ
ているダストを除去するのである。このようにしてこれ
らのパイプのそれぞれは交互にす\分離および除去をく
り返えすのである。In order to facilitate these operations, at least two of the aforementioned pipes 1 are installed in parallel, and while at least one of these pipes is being separated from the exhaust gas, at least one of the other pipes is being separated from the exhaust gas. In this step, the accumulated dust is removed. In this way, each of these pipes is alternately separated and removed.
所望の機能の選択およびひとつのパイプから他のパイプ
へ排気ガスを移す弁の操作は、好適には、特別のプロー
ブから情報を受は取るようにしたマイクロプロセッサま
たはタイマによって自動的に制御されるようにすること
ができる。The selection of the desired function and the operation of the valves that transfer exhaust gas from one pipe to another are preferably automatically controlled by a microprocessor or timer receiving information from special probes. You can do it like this.
第1図と同じ部分には同じ符号を付して示す第2図にお
いて、パイプ1は排気パイプ11の端部部分を形成して
いる。すなわちパイプ1はたとえばバヨネット型の取付
具の形とすることができる継手12によって排気バイブ
11に接続されている。In FIG. 2, in which the same parts as in FIG. The pipe 1 is thus connected to the exhaust vibrator 11 by a coupling 12, which can be in the form of a bayonet fitting, for example.
この第2図に示す装置はす\分離に関しては全く第1図
の実施例について記述したのと同じである。ここでも少
なくともふたつのパイプを並置して、排気ガスを交互に
ひとつのパイプのみに通すようにすることができる。ま
たはこれらのパイプをふたつ以上並置して、これらのパ
イプの若干側のみをす\分離工程に置くようにしてもよ
い。The apparatus shown in FIG. 2 is exactly the same as described for the embodiment of FIG. 1 with regard to separation. Here, too, at least two pipes can be arranged side by side, so that the exhaust gases are passed alternately through only one pipe. Alternatively, two or more of these pipes may be placed side by side, and only some sides of these pipes may be subjected to the separation process.
第2図の配置において、−旦沈積したす\の層が予じめ
定めた厚さに達すると、パイプlは清掃のため排気バイ
ブ11から切り離されて他の既に清掃されているパイプ
1と置き換えられる。In the arrangement shown in FIG. 2, once the deposited layer of soot reaches a predetermined thickness, the pipe 1 is separated from the exhaust vibrator 11 for cleaning and connected to another already cleaned pipe 1. Replaced.
試験の結果、排気/煙道ガスの微粒子成分を少なくとも
50%容易に減少せしめることができることがわかった
。Tests have shown that the particulate content of exhaust/flue gases can easily be reduced by at least 50%.
別の実施例によれば排気ガスの流を中断せしめることも
なく空気をパイプ1へと送給した。According to another embodiment, air was fed into the pipe 1 without interrupting the flow of exhaust gas.
このようにすることにより、ひとつ以上の導管を並設す
ることの面倒をさけ、かつ振動、衝撃またはこれらと類
似のことによって排気パイプから固まりとしてず\が形
成されることを回避することが可能となる。In this way it is possible to avoid the hassle of installing more than one conduit in parallel and to avoid the formation of lumps from the exhaust pipe due to vibrations, shocks or the like. becomes.
本発明は3860ccのディーゼルエンジンおよび15
00rpmにおいて40KWの定格出力を有する発電機
から成るディーゼル方式における排気システムで試験を
行なった。The present invention is based on a 3860cc diesel engine and a 15
The tests were carried out with an exhaust system in diesel mode consisting of a generator with a rated power of 40 KW at 0.00 rpm.
す\分離装置は、1本または2本の長さ1000mm。The length of one or two separation devices is 1000 mm.
内径150 mmの鋼製シリンダ(2本は同時または交
互に作動せしめるように並列に配設した)に直径15關
の鋼棒を軸心に設置したものであった。It consisted of a steel cylinder with an inner diameter of 150 mm (two cylinders were arranged in parallel so that they could be operated simultaneously or alternately), and a steel rod with a diameter of 15 mm was installed at the axis.
30KV、 0.5mAの電圧を外側のシリンダと軸心
の鋼棒との間に印加した。各試験は1時間ずつ500リ
ツトルのサンプルガスを連続的に通して行なった。試験
装置を通ったサンプルガスは多孔性フィルタを通し、こ
こで得られた微粒子を秤量した。A voltage of 30 KV and 0.5 mA was applied between the outer cylinder and the central steel rod. Each test was conducted by passing 500 liters of sample gas continuously for one hour. The sample gas that passed through the test device was passed through a porous filter, and the fine particles obtained there were weighed.
結果は次の表のとおりである。The results are shown in the table below.
沈積したす\は、490℃の空気流を、分離した導管内
に流すことによって急速に焼き飛した。The deposited soot was rapidly burned off by passing a 490°C air stream into the separate conduit.
排気ガスが空気に富んだものであれば、す\は分離過程
中に燃えつきる。パーセンティジストリップ数は12な
いし13ボンド改善された。If the exhaust gas is air-rich, the su\ will burn up during the separation process. Percentage strip count improved by 12 to 13 bonds.
以上本発明をその好適な実施例について詳述したが、本
発明はその精神を逸脱しないで幾多の変化変形をなし得
ることはもちろんである。Although the present invention has been described above in detail with reference to its preferred embodiments, it goes without saying that the present invention may be modified in many ways without departing from its spirit.
第1図は本発明の1実施例の断面図、第2図は排気/煙
道ガスシステムの残りの部分から取外すことができる微
粒子除去部分の断面図である。
1・・排気または煙道ガスパイプ、2・・導体、3.4
・・絶縁体、5・・外部ヒータ、6・・導管、7・・堆
積、8・・絶縁体、9・・導管、lO・・スパーク放電
またはグロー放電プラグ、11・・排気パイプ、12・
・継手。FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a particulate removal section that can be removed from the rest of the exhaust/flue gas system. 1. Exhaust or flue gas pipe, 2. Conductor, 3.4
... Insulator, 5. External heater, 6. Conduit, 7. Deposition, 8. Insulator, 9. Conduit, lO.. Spark discharge or glow discharge plug, 11. Exhaust pipe, 12.
・Joints.
Claims (1)
ら微粒子を減少せしめる装置において、この排気または
煙道ガスを通すパイプ中に高電圧発生器と微粒子を静電
的に分離する手段と、集めた微粒子を除去する手段とを
配設し、前記微粒子を静電的に分離する手段を、排気お
よび煙道ガスを間に通す少なくとも1対の導体から成る
ものとし、これら導体のそれぞれを前記高電圧発生器の
端子のそれぞれに接続したことを特徴とする装置。 2 請求項1記載の装置において、前記1対の導体が互
いに絶縁された導管内のふたつの対向する壁から成るこ
とを特徴とする装置。 3 請求項1記載の装置において、前記1対の導体の一
方が他方の導体に向う少なくともひとつの尖端を有し、
この他方の導体はこれから電気的に絶縁された一方の導
体の前に延在する壁から成ることを特徴とする装置。 4 請求項1記載の装置において、前記1対の導体の一
方がひとつの導管の内面から成り、これから絶縁された
他方の導体が前記導管の軸線に沿って延びる細長い導体
であることを特徴とする装置。 5 請求項1記載の装置において、前記微粒子を除去す
る手段が、微粒子の温度を高めて、空気に富んだ排気ガ
ス自体または空気の助力によって燃焼せしめる手段から
成ることを特徴とする装置。 6 請求項1記載の装置において、前記微粒子を除去す
る手段が、清掃しようとする装置から取外せ、清掃ずみ
の同様なものに交換することができる取外し可能、相互
交換可能の装置から成ることを特徴とする装置。 7 請求項5記載の装置において、前記微粒子の温度を
高める手段が、酸化性物質に富んだ熱いガスを前記微粒
子に差し向ける補助バーナから成ることを特徴とする装
置。 8 請求項5記載の装置において、前記微粒子の温度を
高める手段が、排気ガスと空気または空気と排気ガスの
混合気の流れの存在の下に前記微粒子を加熱する電気的
加熱体から成ることを特徴とする装置。 9 請求項8記載の装置において、前記電気的加熱体が
少なくともひとつのスパーク放電またはグロー放電プラ
グから成ることを特徴とする装置。 10 請求項1記載の装置において、排気ガスが微粒子
静電沈降過程中空気で富化され、これにより前記微粒子
の少なくとも一部分の燃焼を生じるようにしたことを特
徴とする装置。[Scope of Claims] 1. A device for reducing particulates from exhaust or flue gas produced by combustion of fossil fuels, in which a high voltage generator and a particulate are electrostatically separated in a pipe through which the exhaust or flue gas passes. and means for removing collected particulates, the means for electrostatically separating said particulates comprising at least one pair of conductors between which exhaust and flue gases are passed; An apparatus characterized in that each is connected to a respective terminal of the high voltage generator. 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pair of conductors comprises two opposing walls in a conduit that are insulated from each other. 3. The device of claim 1, wherein one of the pair of conductors has at least one tip facing the other conductor,
Apparatus characterized in that the other conductor consists of a wall extending in front of one conductor from which it is electrically insulated. 4. The device according to claim 1, wherein one of the pair of conductors comprises the inner surface of a conduit, and the other conductor insulated therefrom is an elongated conductor extending along the axis of the conduit. Device. 5. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for removing particulates comprises means for increasing the temperature of the particulates and causing them to burn by the air-enriched exhaust gas itself or with the aid of air. 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the means for removing particulates comprises a removable, interchangeable device that can be removed from the device to be cleaned and replaced with a similar cleaned device. Featured device. 7. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the means for increasing the temperature of the particulates comprises an auxiliary burner directing hot gas rich in oxidizing substances onto the particulates. 8. The device according to claim 5, wherein the means for increasing the temperature of the particulates comprises an electrical heating element that heats the particulates in the presence of a flow of a mixture of exhaust gas and air or air and exhaust gas. Featured device. 9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the electrical heating element comprises at least one spark discharge or glow discharge plug. 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the exhaust gas is enriched with air during the particulate electrostatic precipitation process, thereby causing combustion of at least a portion of the particulates.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT47638A/89 | 1989-02-10 | ||
IT8947638A IT1230462B (en) | 1989-02-10 | 1989-02-10 | SYSTEM FOR THE ABATEMENT OF PARTICULATE IN COMBUSTION GASES |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH02241559A true JPH02241559A (en) | 1990-09-26 |
Family
ID=11261593
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2024562A Pending JPH02241559A (en) | 1989-02-10 | 1990-02-05 | Removing apparatus of fine particles from exhaust gas and flue gas |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH02241559A (en) |
KR (1) | KR930009718B1 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9000571A (en) |
DD (1) | DD291934A5 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4003565A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2020120A6 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2642989B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2229117B (en) |
HU (1) | HUT52717A (en) |
IT (1) | IT1230462B (en) |
RU (1) | RU1808096C (en) |
SE (1) | SE9000484L (en) |
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DE102008005096A1 (en) | 2007-02-14 | 2008-11-06 | Olaf Wilde | Flue gas cleaning device for use in heating system for solid and/or liquid fuel operated domestic firing system e.g. furnace, has heating unit i.e. central heating rod, provided in region of deposition electrode |
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JPS57127458A (en) * | 1981-01-28 | 1982-08-07 | Toyota Central Res & Dev Lab Inc | Dust colletctor for waste gas |
JPS57153745A (en) * | 1981-03-16 | 1982-09-22 | Nippon Soken Inc | Apparatus for purifying fine particle |
JPS6252126A (en) * | 1985-07-16 | 1987-03-06 | ザ ダウ ケミカル カンパニ− | Manufacture of titanium diboride powder with grain size of smaller than 1 micron |
JPS62254852A (en) * | 1986-04-30 | 1987-11-06 | Matsushita Seiko Co Ltd | Air cleaner |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH09112246A (en) * | 1995-10-24 | 1997-04-28 | Ooden:Kk | Exhaust fine particles collecting device for diesel engine by electrical control |
US5950424A (en) * | 1995-10-24 | 1999-09-14 | Kabushiki Kaisya O - Den | Diesel engine exhaust particle collection device |
JP2009109182A (en) * | 2007-10-30 | 2009-05-21 | Buechi Labortechnik Ag | Heating system, method for simultaneously performing heating and laminating of fluid, electrostatic dust collector, spray dryer, separator, combination of electrostatic dust collector and separator and particle separation method |
CN105855048A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2016-08-17 | 袁野 | Electric spark type deduster |
WO2024127071A1 (en) | 2022-12-15 | 2024-06-20 | Kuregyan Kamo | Method for neutralizing exhaust gases of internal combustion engines and a device for its implementation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR930009718B1 (en) | 1993-10-09 |
SE9000484L (en) | 1990-08-11 |
HUT52717A (en) | 1990-08-28 |
GB2229117B (en) | 1994-02-16 |
HU900704D0 (en) | 1990-04-28 |
FR2642989A1 (en) | 1990-08-17 |
IT8947638A0 (en) | 1989-02-10 |
SE9000484D0 (en) | 1990-02-09 |
FR2642989B1 (en) | 1994-01-14 |
GB9002692D0 (en) | 1990-04-04 |
KR900012683A (en) | 1990-09-01 |
IT1230462B (en) | 1991-10-23 |
RU1808096C (en) | 1993-04-07 |
DD291934A5 (en) | 1991-07-18 |
DE9001339U1 (en) | 1990-06-21 |
ES2020120A6 (en) | 1991-07-16 |
GB2229117A (en) | 1990-09-19 |
DE4003565A1 (en) | 1990-08-16 |
BR9000571A (en) | 1991-01-15 |
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