JPH0223139B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to an improvement in the mushroom cultivation method, which is the most important final step in the production process of enoki mushrooms to produce a product. (Prior Art) An example of the production process for enoki mushrooms is as follows. The current production process has been completed by setting various conditions in order to produce mushrooms efficiently and uniformly. However, unless the conditions of temperature, time, and moisture are strictly controlled, mushrooms cannot be generated as planned, and large-scale equipment is required to satisfy these conditions. In other words, the production process for enoki mushrooms is sterilization of sawdust → aseptic inoculation → holding (7-8℃, 5 days) → culturing (about 10 days at 2-3℃) → sprouting (about 10 days at 12-13℃)
days) → Suppression of mushroom growth (about 10 days at 2-3℃) → Mushroom growth (5-3℃)
(about 10 days at 6°C) → In the product process, it is necessary to maintain humidity at 70 to 80% from storage to product. It is necessary to maintain the atmosphere at regular intervals. Among these, humidity control during mushroom sprouting is particularly important, and humidity control during this process determines the quality of the product. The current enoki mushrooms, which are mainly cultivated in Nagano Prefecture, have been cultivated for a long time in caves in the Matsushiro area of Nagano Prefecture using glass bottles, etc., and have been improved and developed. After sterilizing sawdust from enoki, persimmon, zelkova, kara, cedar, etc. at the bottom of each bottle by steaming, etc., inoculate the bottom of the bottle.
It is usually cultured using the process described above. Traditionally, plastic film or wax-impregnated paper has been made into a funnel shape and inserted into the opening of the bottle in order to prevent the enoki mushrooms from bending, but this alone does not serve the purpose of controlling the atmosphere, so water is sometimes added. In some cases, sprinklers were used to add a mist of water to the atmosphere, and the entire cultivation room had to be kept at a constant temperature and humidity. In addition, as a means to prevent "water mushrooms" that occur when growing paper made of plastic film or wax-impregnated paper is used as described above, for example, as shown in Japanese Patent Publication No. 56-50523, moisture-absorbing paper is used in the cap. It has been proposed to use a growing paper. Although using growth paper with the above structure has a certain effect, using only a structure using moisture-absorbing paper allows a large amount of moisture to permeate, and unless the humidity of the atmosphere is properly adjusted, the plant will become dry. ,
Water had to be replenished using sprinklers, etc. When water is supplied in this way and there is excess water,
Growing paper made of moisture-absorbing paper cannot absorb enough water, and the water absorbed by growing paper connects directly with enoki mushrooms, resulting in the formation of "water mushrooms." Furthermore, if the growing paper has a structure in which a paraffin-coated part is provided below the moisture-absorbing paper, the enoki mushrooms will come into contact with water droplets generated on the paraffin-coated part at the early stage of growth, which is not preferable. Furthermore, since it is made of moisture-absorbing paper and paraffin paper, it is weak and unsuitable for winding it into the mouth of a bottle using a machine. (Problems to be Solved by the Invention) The present invention relates to the improvement of the mushroom cultivation method, which is the final step in the conventional cultivation process. The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for setting conditions for mushroom growth. (Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention will be described below. The present invention relates to a synthetic resin vapor barrier layer 1 shown in FIG.
After cutting a laminated sheet 4 in which a water-absorbing resin layer 3 is provided between a vapor gas permeable layer 2 such as a paper non-woven fabric or the like into a fan shape in advance, the laminated sheet 4 is cut into fan shapes as shown in FIG.
The seeds were fixed in the opening 6 of a cultivation bottle 5 containing inoculated sawdust, which is a seedbed, with the steam gas permeable layer side facing inside, in the shape of a funnel, and kept as it was at a temperature of 4 to 8°C for about 7
This is a method of growing enoki mushrooms by keeping them for ~9 days and then growing them. The water-absorbing resin layer of the laminated sheet used in the present invention is capable of absorbing approximately 1000g of water ^per square meter, and once absorbed, it retains water for a long time and releases water vapor to the outside air. It transpires in the state of The water-absorbent resin used for this water-absorbent resin layer absorbs water well, increases its volume, maintains a gel-like or solid state, and does not release water even under slight pressure, and under normal conditions. The water-absorbing resin has little volatilization in the form of water vapor, and is a water-absorbing resin alone or a mixture of this and porous inorganic powder. Specifically, water-soluble resins are partially cross-linked to make them water-insoluble, such as starch-sodium acrylate graft polymers, starch-acrylonitrile graft polymer hydrolysates, and partially cross-linked starch-poly( Starch-graft polymers such as meth)acrylic copolymers, partially crosslinked starch-polymethyl methacrylate hydrolysates, and salts of the above substances, or hydrolysates of methacrylic acid-vinyl acetate copolymers. Cross-linked synthetic resins represented by are suitable. These resins can absorb and retain water and aqueous solutions tens to thousands of times their own weight, and in the present invention,
Used in fine powder form as a non-aqueous coating liquid with a non-aqueous resin binder. Further, the porous inorganic powder is an inorganic powder having a special shape such as pores or petals, and specifically, zeolite, barite, calcium silicate, etc. are used. The water-absorbing resin and inorganic powder have a particle size of 35 mesh or less, preferably 100 mesh or less, and 5 μ or more, and are preferably close to spherical in shape. These powders are used as a coating liquid together with a resin binder consisting of a resin liquid of alcohols, acetic esters, ketones, hydrocarbon solvents, or a melt of a thermoplastic resin to form a water-absorbing resin layer. This binder has low solubility in the water to be absorbed or in liquids that are compatible with water that contains water, and also has effective adhesive properties against the increase in volume during water absorption and swelling of the water-absorbent resin. Flexible resins shown below are preferred, and include, but are not limited to, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, chlorinated polypropylene, urethane resins, and linear thermoplastic polyester resins. The water-absorbing resin layer contains at least 20 parts by weight of a water-absorbing resin or a mixture of the water-absorbing resin and a porous inorganic powder based on 100 parts by weight of the binder.
A coating solution containing 50 parts by weight or more is applied to a vapor barrier layer or a vapor gas permeable layer by a gravure method, a roll coating method, or a silk screen method, and then dried. Further, the water-absorbing resin layer preferably has a partial pattern shape from the viewpoints of adhesion between the vapor barrier layer and the vapor gas permeable layer, improvement of adhesive strength in lamination, and efficiency of liquid absorption and liquid retention. On the other hand, the synthetic resin vapor barrier layer 1 of the laminated sheet 4 used in the present invention may be any moisture-proof film such as polyester film, polyethylene film, or polypropylene film, and it goes without saying that it may also be printed. Nor. The vapor gas permeable layer 2 may be made of a porous material such as paper, non-woven fabric, or sponge, which has water absorption and water retention ability, or a film such as cellophane, nylon, or polyvinyl alcohol, which has high moisture permeability once it becomes hygroscopic. can be used, but paper or paper-based materials are preferred. When this paper is used as a base material, it is necessary to have strength when water is absorbed, and it is desirable to use a base paper that has been subjected to a sizeless process that reduces the size of the paper. The laminated sheet is applied as it is to the opening of the cultivation container without adding moisture to it (FIG. 2). The water required for cultivation is supplied from the inoculated sawdust. Such inoculated sawdust is made by sterilizing sawdust from enoki, cedar, etc. by steaming or other means, inoculating enoki mushrooms, and mixing it with rice bran or the like, and usually contains water. Enoki mushrooms obtain moisture from the inoculated sawdust, sprout, and grow. They release moisture in the form of steam through respiration and transpiration as they grow. The released moisture is absorbed by the laminated sheet to maintain atmospheric humidity. In other words, as the enoki mushroom grows, the laminated sheet absorbs moisture and maintains humidity until it reaches approximately the same height as the enoki mushroom. Examples of the present invention will be described below. (Example) Biaxially stretched polypropylene film (20μ)/crosslinked starch-polymethyl methacrylate hydrolyzate (5.1g/m ² )/urethane adhesive (2.5g/m ² ) water absorption in a lattice pattern A laminated sheet consisting of a resin layer/unsized processed base paper (80g/m ² ) has a lower circumference of about 210mm.
A polypropylene container with a capacity of 500 ml (1 mm thick) containing sawdust made by mixing rice bran with sawdust mainly made of cedar wood inoculated with Enoki mushroom species (1 mm thick). ) in the opening (opening circumference 200 mm) with the unsized processed base paper side inside, shaped into a funnel, and fixed around the outer periphery of the opening with a rubber band. When stored in this state in an atmosphere of 5 to 6 degrees Celsius, it grew uniformly to about 100 mm on the 8th day.
Its weight was approximately 120g. This was about a 15% increase in yield compared to conventional methods. In addition, the enoki mushrooms were in good condition without the growth of bacteria or browning. Furthermore, once used laminated sheets could be used repeatedly by air-drying them. This condition can be resolved by occasionally spraying water with a sprinkler.
Compared to cultivating the enoki mushrooms using a method that maintains the humidity at 70 to 80%, it took about 2 days less and yielded about 15% more enoki mushrooms. The humidity atmosphere inside the funnel-shaped laminated sheet in the method of the present invention is as shown in Table 1 below.

[Table] As described above, in the present invention, the laminated sheet consisting of the above-mentioned barrier layer, water-absorbing resin layer, and vapor gas permeable layer is rolled up in a funnel shape and provided at the mouth of a cultivation bottle, so that the initial cultivation atmosphere is When left in the atmosphere, the water-absorbing resin layer absorbs moisture corresponding to the humidity of the atmosphere. As a result, the atmosphere surrounded by the laminated sheets is
Even if water is not newly supplied from the outside, the water absorbed by the water-absorbing resin layer evaporates, so it can be maintained within a certain range. In addition, since water vapor is always supplied into the atmosphere from the water-absorbing resin layer, even if the enoki mushrooms and the laminated sheet come into contact, they will not come into contact with each other in the water state.
You can sprout enoki mushrooms that have little water mushrooms. As described above, according to the present invention, there is no need for large-scale humidity control methods as in the past, that is, equipment such as a constant humidity room or sprinklers, and it is possible to maintain a substantially constant humidity throughout the period, resulting in uniform humidity control. It became possible to grow. In addition, it is a simple and useful method for growing mushrooms that allows them to grow faster than conventional methods, improving quality and shortening the distribution cycle.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a laminated sheet used in the method of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the method of mushroom development of the present invention. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1... Steam blocking layer, 2... Steam gas permeable layer, 3... Water-absorbing resin layer, 4... Laminated sheet, 5... Cultivation bottle, 6...
Aperture.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A laminated sheet in which a water-absorbing resin layer is provided between a synthetic resin vapor barrier layer and a vapor gas permeable layer is cut into fan shapes in advance, and the laminated sheet is cut into a predetermined shape without adding moisture. A method for producing enoki mushrooms, which is characterized in that a steam gas permeable layer is fixed inside the opening of a cultivation container containing inoculated sawdust containing moisture, which has been treated in the form of a funnel, and the mushrooms are allowed to grow in that state. Mushroom method. 2. Claim 1, wherein the water-absorbing resin layer is formed of a coating liquid prepared by mixing at least 20 parts by weight of a water-absorbing resin or a mixture of the water-absorbing resin and a porous inorganic powder with respect to 100 parts by weight of the binder. How to grow enoki mushrooms.