JPH021878B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH021878B2 JPH021878B2 JP55001235A JP123580A JPH021878B2 JP H021878 B2 JPH021878 B2 JP H021878B2 JP 55001235 A JP55001235 A JP 55001235A JP 123580 A JP123580 A JP 123580A JP H021878 B2 JPH021878 B2 JP H021878B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- bed
- fuel
- conversion
- gas
- solid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen; Reversible storage of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/344—Production of hydrogen; Production of gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide or air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using non-catalytic solid particles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
- C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
- C10J3/50—Fuel charging devices
- C10J3/503—Fuel charging devices for gasifiers with stationary fluidised bed
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/725—Redox processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0956—Air or oxygen enriched air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0966—Hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0983—Additives
- C10J2300/0996—Calcium-containing inorganic materials, e.g. lime
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/1253—Heating the gasifier by injecting hot gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1603—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with gas treatment
- C10J2300/1606—Combustion processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1846—Partial oxidation, i.e. injection of air or oxygen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
- C10J2300/1869—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being air, oxygen or ozone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
- C10J2300/1884—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being synthesis gas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1861—Heat exchange between at least two process streams
- C10J2300/1892—Heat exchange between at least two process streams with one stream being water/steam
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
- Industrial Gases (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7900761A GB2039293B (en) | 1979-01-09 | 1979-01-09 | Conversion of fuel to reducing and/or synthesis gas |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS55164290A JPS55164290A (en) | 1980-12-20 |
| JPH021878B2 true JPH021878B2 (enFirst) | 1990-01-16 |
Family
ID=10502404
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP123580A Granted JPS55164290A (en) | 1979-01-09 | 1980-01-09 | Conversion of liquid and or solid fuel to almost inerttmatterrfree gas |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4309198A (enFirst) |
| EP (1) | EP0013590B1 (enFirst) |
| JP (1) | JPS55164290A (enFirst) |
| AT (1) | ATE1952T1 (enFirst) |
| CA (1) | CA1143159A (enFirst) |
| DE (1) | DE3061232D1 (enFirst) |
| GB (1) | GB2039293B (enFirst) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012522206A (ja) * | 2009-03-31 | 2012-09-20 | アルストム テクノロジー リミテッド | 関連する適用のタイプに基づいて選択的に操作が可能な高温の固体の処理方法 |
Families Citing this family (31)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2063702B (en) * | 1979-11-29 | 1983-07-27 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Apparatus for use in processing a substance in a fluidized bed |
| EP0061326B1 (en) * | 1981-03-24 | 1985-06-19 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Apparatus for converting a fuel into combustible gas |
| GB2095390B (en) | 1981-03-24 | 1984-11-21 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Low pollution method of burning fuels |
| GB2096120B (en) * | 1981-03-24 | 1984-08-30 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Process for producing co2 |
| GB2120118A (en) * | 1982-05-14 | 1983-11-30 | Foster Wheeler Energy Corp | Fluidized bed gasification using bed material containing a calcium compound and silica |
| US4517162A (en) * | 1982-06-03 | 1985-05-14 | Exxon Research And Engineering Co. | Apparatus for use in processing a substance in a fluidized bed |
| JPS58225191A (ja) * | 1982-06-24 | 1983-12-27 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | 流動層による石炭のガス化方法及びその装置 |
| GB2124648B (en) * | 1982-07-26 | 1986-07-16 | Cpc International Inc | Combined dryer/gasifier |
| GB8600615D0 (en) * | 1986-01-11 | 1986-02-19 | Moss G | Non-polluting method of burning fuel |
| US4832704A (en) * | 1988-04-05 | 1989-05-23 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Method for enhancing the desulfurization of hot coal gas in a fluid-bed coal gasifier |
| US5059404A (en) * | 1989-02-14 | 1991-10-22 | Manufacturing And Technology Conversion International, Inc. | Indirectly heated thermochemical reactor apparatus and processes |
| US5322617A (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1994-06-21 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of Energy, Mines And Resources | Upgrading oil emulsions with carbon monoxide or synthesis gas |
| US5399323A (en) * | 1993-05-11 | 1995-03-21 | Gas Research Institute | Method for improving reducing potential of natural gas feed |
| US6024932A (en) * | 1993-05-11 | 2000-02-15 | Gas Research Institute | Method for the conversion of gypsum to elemental sulfur |
| TW245651B (en) * | 1994-02-24 | 1995-04-21 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Black liquor gasifier |
| US6084147A (en) * | 1995-03-17 | 2000-07-04 | Studsvik, Inc. | Pyrolytic decomposition of organic wastes |
| US5909654A (en) * | 1995-03-17 | 1999-06-01 | Hesboel; Rolf | Method for the volume reduction and processing of nuclear waste |
| US5929125A (en) * | 1997-04-12 | 1999-07-27 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Method for producing heavy crude oil via a wellbore from a subterranean formation and converting the heavy crude oil into a distillate product stream |
| US5935423A (en) * | 1997-04-12 | 1999-08-10 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Method for producing from a subterranean formation via a wellbore, transporting and converting a heavy crude oil into a distillate product stream |
| US6054496A (en) * | 1997-09-11 | 2000-04-25 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Method for transporting a heavy crude oil produced via a wellbore from a subterranean formation to a market location and converting it into a distillate product stream using a solvent deasphalting process |
| US5958365A (en) * | 1998-06-25 | 1999-09-28 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Method of producing hydrogen from heavy crude oil using solvent deasphalting and partial oxidation methods |
| US7118721B2 (en) | 2002-11-26 | 2006-10-10 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Method for treating emissions |
| US7083658B2 (en) * | 2003-05-29 | 2006-08-01 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Hot solids gasifier with CO2 removal and hydrogen production |
| CN101111590B (zh) * | 2005-02-01 | 2012-10-03 | 沙索技术有限公司 | 操作固定床干底气体发生器的方法 |
| US7780749B2 (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2010-08-24 | General Electric Company | Unmixed fuel processors and methods for using the same |
| US20080134666A1 (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-12 | Parag Prakash Kulkarni | Systems and Methods Using an Unmixed Fuel Processor |
| JP2009024121A (ja) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-02-05 | Ihi Corp | 石油残渣からの重金属分離方法及び装置 |
| US20100288678A1 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-11-18 | Andrus Jr Herbert E | Hot solids process having an output suitable for the input to a petrochemical process |
| US8562933B2 (en) * | 2009-03-31 | 2013-10-22 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Hot solids process selectively operable based on its primary purpose |
| US20100290975A1 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-11-18 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Hot solids process selectively operable for combustion purposes and gasification purposes |
| US20160379727A1 (en) | 2015-01-30 | 2016-12-29 | Studsvik, Inc. | Apparatus and methods for treatment of radioactive organic waste |
Family Cites Families (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2794725A (en) * | 1946-08-08 | 1957-06-04 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Manufacture of gas mixtures containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen |
| BE530486A (enFirst) * | 1953-07-20 | |||
| GB851054A (en) | 1957-01-22 | 1960-10-12 | Steinmueller Gmbh L & C | Process of reducing the hydrogen content while increasing the net calorific value of a gas containing hydrogen |
| US3115394A (en) * | 1961-05-29 | 1963-12-24 | Consolidation Coal Co | Process for the production of hydrogen |
| US3708270A (en) * | 1970-10-01 | 1973-01-02 | North American Rockwell | Pyrolysis method |
| US3807090A (en) * | 1970-12-02 | 1974-04-30 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Purifications of fuels |
| US3689240A (en) * | 1971-03-18 | 1972-09-05 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Production of methane rich gases |
| GB1384711A (en) * | 1971-03-19 | 1975-02-19 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Production of combustible gases |
| US3770399A (en) * | 1971-10-22 | 1973-11-06 | Sun Research Development | Coal gasification process |
| GB1408888A (en) | 1971-11-12 | 1975-10-08 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Manufacture of combustible gases |
| FR2213094B1 (enFirst) | 1972-08-29 | 1975-03-28 | Heurtey Ind | |
| US3929431A (en) * | 1972-09-08 | 1975-12-30 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Catalytic reforming process |
| SE390420B (sv) * | 1974-10-01 | 1976-12-20 | Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Ab | Sett for omvandling av kolhaltiga material till en gasblandning innehallande co och h71?2 |
| US4046523A (en) * | 1974-10-07 | 1977-09-06 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Synthesis gas production |
| SE7503313L (sv) | 1975-03-21 | 1976-09-22 | Stora Kopparbergs Bergslags Ab | Sett for omvandling av kolhaltiga material innehallande svavel till i huvudsak svavelfri brennbar gas samt anordning for genomforande av settet |
| GB1504688A (en) | 1975-04-11 | 1978-03-22 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Mitigating or preventing environmental pollution by sulphur oxides in the treatment of sulphur-containing substance |
| US4070160A (en) * | 1977-05-09 | 1978-01-24 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Gasification process with zinc condensation on the carbon source |
| US4132764A (en) * | 1976-08-23 | 1979-01-02 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Production of carbon monoxide from carbonaceous material and zinc oxide |
| US4060478A (en) * | 1976-09-30 | 1977-11-29 | Exxon Research And Engineering Company | Coal liquefaction bottoms conversion by coking and gasification |
| US4069024A (en) * | 1977-05-09 | 1978-01-17 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Two-stage gasification system |
| JPS5470204A (en) * | 1977-11-14 | 1979-06-05 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Preparation of olefins from heavy oils |
-
1979
- 1979-01-09 GB GB7900761A patent/GB2039293B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-12-31 US US06/108,380 patent/US4309198A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1980
- 1980-01-02 EP EP80300003A patent/EP0013590B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-01-02 DE DE8080300003T patent/DE3061232D1/de not_active Expired
- 1980-01-02 CA CA000342917A patent/CA1143159A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-01-02 AT AT80300003T patent/ATE1952T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-01-09 JP JP123580A patent/JPS55164290A/ja active Granted
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012522206A (ja) * | 2009-03-31 | 2012-09-20 | アルストム テクノロジー リミテッド | 関連する適用のタイプに基づいて選択的に操作が可能な高温の固体の処理方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA1143159A (en) | 1983-03-22 |
| DE3061232D1 (en) | 1983-01-13 |
| EP0013590B1 (en) | 1982-12-08 |
| GB2039293B (en) | 1982-11-17 |
| EP0013590A1 (en) | 1980-07-23 |
| GB2039293A (en) | 1980-08-06 |
| JPS55164290A (en) | 1980-12-20 |
| ATE1952T1 (de) | 1982-12-15 |
| US4309198A (en) | 1982-01-05 |
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