JPH02180646A - Polishing machine for grain such as rice, corn, wheat etc. - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To produce final products having signals brightness by supplying the output signals of measuring instruments for detecting the brightness of materials to be processed to a control circuit, comparing these signals with target values and adjusting the working pressure on the materials to be processed via the control circuit in association with the compared values thereof. CONSTITUTION: A polishing chamber limited by a sieving outer cylinder 4 is internally provided with a rotor 5 having polishing grains or glazing grains 11. The rotor 5 is so driven as to be rotated in the peripheral direction of the sieving outer cylinder 4 by a motor 6, by which the materials to be processed are supplied via an inflow opening 18 to a processing chamber and are taken out via an outflow opening 18. The outflow opening 18 is made at least partially closable by a closure member 17 to be subjected to the effect of closure force. The measuring instruments 30 to 32 which detect the brightness of the materials to be processed are provided behind the outflow opening 18. The output signals thereof are supplied to the control circuit 34 and are compared with the target values. Adjusting devices 36, 37 adjust the pressure acting on the materials to be processed in a process chamber via the control circuit 34 in association with the compared values thereof.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention The present invention provides rice, corn,
Concerning polishing or polishing machines for grains such as wheat.

Polished rice has served humans as food for centuries.

The glazing process has remained almost unchanged. The rice was placed in a sieve casing (for example a glazing chamber) bounded by a sieve barrel, where adhering chaff, husk residues, etc. were removed by a polishing or glazing device.

This relatively simple process has also been used for other grains such as corn, wheat, etc. It has been found to be advantageous to bring the rotor to a certain speed in order to obtain a certain quality. Many adjustment processes are therefore generally unnecessary.

Approximately only the residence time in the sieve casing is adjusted by varying the closing force at the outlet opening.

The manual adjustment process does indeed give a good average quality, but the result is a final product with too many different glazes, especially if there are variations imposed on the product, especially in the charge amount. I have no choice but to become To eliminate this, the closing force is increased somewhat in order to obtain a single, shiny final product, thereby increasing the pressure in the polishing chamber and the residence time inside the sieve casing. However, this means that if the workpiece is of a given quantity, there will be a lot of wear and tear in the milling process.
This will result in large losses, but this must be avoided.

The object of the present invention is to develop the known polishing machine in such a way that, at high charge outputs, even when the polishing workpiece quantity fluctuates, a final product of uniform brightness is obtained.

This problem is solved according to the invention by the features of claim 1. The measuring device makes it possible to detect the shine of the glazed product at regular time intervals or continuously. The output signal of the measuring device is compared with a setpoint value in a control circuit and the regulating device is actuated depending on the comparison result. This adjustment device adjusts the adjustment parameters that determine the machining intensity.

For this purpose, the pressure acting on the workpiece in the processing chamber is adjusted, which can particularly advantageously be done by adjusting the closing force acting on the closing member.

If the same amount of workpiece is supplied without change, the amount of workpiece present in the sieve casing increases significantly. This results in a high amount of energy to be output from the drive motor.

In order to obtain an optimum charge output, however, the drive motor is operated at its upper limit power, so in a further development of the invention or in addition thereto, an actuating member is provided for detecting the output of the drive motor. I'll do what I do. The output signal of this operating member is supplied to a control circuit and compared with a target value. The workpiece feed rate is controlled via a regulating device in conjunction with the comparison value, so that the required power of the drive motor is always approximately at its upper limit. In this way, a constant rotor speed is obtained, which is necessary to obtain a product with a single shine. However, it is irrelevant to what pressure is adjusted inside the sieve casing.

In a further development of the invention, the drive motor is driven at its upper limit power and the workpiece feed rate is adjusted as a function of the measured shine of the final product. This allows the specific machining energy to be adjusted. Here, we would like you to understand that the machining energy is the energy used for polishing or polishing the workpiece for each predetermined amount.

Adjustment of the specific machining energy can then be achieved by increasing the drive power of the motor and/or by lowering the delivered workpiece quantity.

In order to increase the specific processing energy, in a further development of the invention it is also possible to adjust the strength of the air flow flowing radially through the sieve casing, which can be achieved by controlling the blower motor by means of a regulating device. It is done through a circuit.

Particularly advantageously, a rotational speed control circuit is provided to maintain a constant rotational speed.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail based on the drawings.

The vertical polishing machine shown in FIG. A polishing rotor 5 having polishing particles 11 fixed on its outer periphery is provided at the center of the sieve outer cylinder 4. The polishing rotor 5 is fixed coaxially on a hollow shaft 8 and is driven to rotate by this shaft. For this purpose, a pulley 7 is fastened to the upper end of the shaft 8, which projects from the inner casing as well as from the outer casing of the grinding machine, and which is driven by a motor 6, in particular an electric motor, via a belt drive. .

Air is also supplied by the hollow shaft 8 in the direction of the arrow 9 and flows out of the radial slot 7) 10 between the individual wear particles 11 in the area of the wear rotor 5.

This circulating air acts on the one hand to distribute the abrasive material along the sieve sleeve 4 and on the other hand to remove fine particles such as abrasions through the sieve sleeve 4 into the outer casing of the grinder. It works like this. The outer casing is the suction conduit 12
is connected to a blower 13 via which the fine particles are removed via a suction conduit 12. The supply flow of the external supply air to the outer casing can be adjusted by means of an adjustable slider 14 (or flap) from the inside through the airflow meter or from the outside around the sieve barrel 4. . It is more expedient to blow the air directly laterally through the sieve casing without providing a hollow shaft 8 for supplying the air.

The material to be polished is fed via the inlet tube l and the hub 2 into the axial inlet opening of the screen casing. A screw conveyor 3 protrudes from the hopper 2 into the inflow opening,
A predetermined amount of the material to be polished is fed through the screw conveyor 3 into the lower part of the sieve casing. Inside the sieve casing, the object to be polished falls downward due to gravity,
However, it is fed downward by the pressure of the material to be polished, which is later fed by the screw conveyor 3. A polishing rotor 5 is supported on a support ring 15 at the lower end of the sieve casing. A dish-shaped ring 17 is located as a closing member in a gap-like outflow opening 18 surrounding the rotor 5. The dish-shaped ring 17 is held by an arm. The dish ring 17 is located in the outlet opening 18 with a closing force that is opposite to the material to be polished passing through. This closing force is provided by a bar 21 which supports arms 19 and 20 at its upper end via a fork 22.

At the lower end of this bar 21 a lever 24 pivotable about a horizontal axis 23 is joined at one end of an arm, and a slidable weight 25 is provided on the other arm.

A collection hopper 26 is provided below the outflow opening 18,
A take-out pipe 27 is connected to this pumper. A bypass conduit 28 is provided parallel to a part of the extraction pipe 27,
Via this bypass conduit, a predetermined amount of sample can be removed from the respective polished workpiece. The exact structure for sample removal is described in West German Patent Publication No. 30247.
It can be constructed as described in Japanese Patent No. 94. The structure according to DE 34 41 856 A1 is also preferred. Within two days of the bypass conduit, the processed abrasive material is deposited by flaps 29 located laterally within the bypass conduit. After switching on the polisher for sample removal, the flap 29 first assumes the illustrated shutoff position at predetermined intervals (eg, determined by a timer). The amount of abrasive deposited there fills an inspection window 30 provided above the flap 29 in the bypass conduit 28 . After removing the sample at regular time intervals, the flap 29 is opened again;
The accumulated amount of polishing material is put into the take-out tube 27. The flap 29 is then pivoted back into the closed position for a new removal. After reaching the inspection window in successive sample removals, the flaps 29 are brought into some open position and continue to be vibrated, in particular. As a result, the same abrasive material that flows into the bypass conduit 28 falls back into the withdrawal pipe 27. The inspection window 30 is therefore filled with abrasive objects that fall one after the other in succession.

The reflection or brilliance of the polishing sample removed through the inspection window 30 is measured, for which it is particularly advantageous to use the light source 31.
, for example light emitting diodes, in particular incandescent lamps or the like. The light reflected by the polishing sample is detected by a photoelectric transducer 32 and converted into an electrical signal. This signal is converted in a particularly necessary signal transformation stage 33 into a form for further processing. For example, this metamorphosis stage 3
3, the signal of the photoelectric converter 32 is digitized. The integration of several measurements is also determined within the transformation stage 33, and the detected results are sent in digital form to the control circuit 34.
sent to. This control circuit preferably has a microprosensor. Similarly, the control circuit 3 controls the transformation stage 33.
Of course, it is also possible to form it as part of 4. At its control circuit, the analog signal of converter 32 (typically O
-20-2O is converted into a digital signal and expediently processes the integrals of several measurements in order to be able to use it as a guiding quantity value at the output.

Independently of the signal of the photoelectric converter 32, the control circuit 34 issues a signal on the basis of the radiance measurement to a control circuit 35, the output signal of which controls the regulating device.

This adjustment device consists, for example, of a plunger magnet 36, which together with the sliding support 39 forms the weight 25. The plunger core 37 is held in an axially immovable manner by the wall 38, while the plunger magnet 36 is slidable axially on the arm of the lever 24 via a sliding support 39.

Since the lever 24 is pivotable, the plunger core 37
must be pivotably mounted accordingly.

Preferably, the control device is designed as a PI control device, in which case the integral component has a large inertia instead of the plunger magnet 36, which is constituted by an integral element in the transformation stage 33, the control circuit 34 or the control circuit 35. It is also preferable to select a drive device that is more suitable for the purpose and in such a way that an essential condition occurs.

When the weight 25 is shifted to the left, the closing force on the dish ring 17 increases. This type of increased closing force is achieved by bar 21.
This is accomplished by increasing the pneumatic piston-cylinder system, etc. The increased closing force in the disk ring 17 results in the processed abrasive material coming out of the sieve casing with little effort. As a result, the material pressure in the sieve housing increases, since the abrasive material to be further processed is supplied via the screen conveyor 3. The amount of abrasive material to be processed in the sieve casing is therefore increased. The work performed by the polishing rotor 5 is correspondingly greater, which means that the power consumption of the motor 6 is higher. Higher power consumption is therefore only possible when the motor 6 is driven below its power limit, since in this way control peaks can be captured.

In order to obtain a maximum charge output, the motor 6 is preferably driven at its upper limit power; in order to detect when the power limit is exceeded, the power consumption of the motor 6 is measured with a measuring element 40. The measuring element 40 is then provided with the same measuring transducer (preferably with a measuring transducer), the output signal of which can be fed directly to the control circuit 34 . It can be adjusted via a tensiometer or the like, or manually via a program.

When the current consumption of motor 6 exceeds the adjusted target value,
Therefore, if too much work is required per unit time, the rotor speed is reduced by the speed controller. The optimum product quality (abrasive material) generally determines the predetermined rotational speed of the polishing rotor. In order to keep the special polishing energy constant at the same rotational speed, it is particularly advantageous to adjust the material feed rate, for which purpose in the embodiment according to FIG. ing. An attached regulating device 4 operated by a control circuit 44 from a control circuit 34
3, the passage cross-section of the filling tube 1 can be controlled.

For this purpose, the adjusting device 43 guides the charge slide 42 transversely to the filling tube l into it.

The material supply amount is controlled in this manner by using a differential component, and therefore a component having PD characteristics, depending on the purpose. Taking into account the very large control time constant given by the distance from the charge slider 42 to the sieve housing, a predetermined integral component is also particularly advantageous. The embodiment as a PID control device for the control circuit mentioned in the last part is therefore particularly advantageous.

Control of the material feed rate can be carried out independently of the control in order to increase the closing force. However, to suit the purpose more, these controls may be overlapped with each other.

The airflow flowing in the direction of the arrow 9 through the hollow shaft 8 dissipates part of the milling heat generated. When increasing the airflow radially through the sieve sleeve 4 , the workpiece to be polished is pressed more strongly against the sieve sleeve, and the work of the polishing rotor 5 is thus supported by the suction blower 13 . In addition to or as an alternative to the control device described above, a control circuit 34 controls the blower 13 as a function of the detected shine value of the abrasive sample.

For this purpose, the output of the control circuit 34 is connected to a control circuit 45 for a blower motor 46 of the intake blower. Inspection window 30
Insufficient shine of the polished object within will increase the intake power. A setpoint value transmitter 47 is provided for adjusting the setpoint brightness, which transmitter is connected to the control circuit 34.

The horizontal polishing machine shown in Figure 2 is extremely first in structure.
Compatible with the vertical polishing machine shown in the figure. Identical parts are therefore provided with the same reference numerals.

Similar parts are numbered with an increment of 100.

The abrasive material to be processed is fed in via the filling tube 1, the cross section of which can be varied via the charge slider 42.

This charge amount slider 42 is formed as a circular arc,
It is pivotable about a horizontal axis 48. An actuating rod 49 guided in a sliding bearing 50 is connected to the charge slide 42 . The end of this rod 49 is screwed into a worm shaft 52 via a worm 51.

The worm shaft 52 is connected directly or via an intermediate gearing (not shown) to a drive shaft 53 of the adjusting device 43 (for example a stepping motor). This adjusting device is driven by a control circuit 34 in accordance with the configuration in accordance with FIG. For this purpose, the motor 1 that drives the polishing motor 105
The current consumption of 06 is detected via the measuring member 40 and supplied to the control circuit 34 as an output signal.

The polishing motor 105 has a different structure from that in Figure 1, and the polishing grain 11
Instead, it has a drive plate 111, which is known per se, and extends radially from the rotor circumference.

The second motor 206 drives a hollow shaft 108 concentric with the hollow shaft 8 , which shaft is connected to the screw conveyor 3 in such a manner that it does not rotate with respect to the screw conveyor 3 . both motors 1
The rotational speeds of 06 and 206 and thus of the polishing rotor 5 and the screw conveyor 3 can therefore be selected independently of each other. For this purpose, the control circuit 34 can be provided with a corresponding adjustment controller (not shown) to suit the purpose.

Hollow shafts 8 and 108 have openings 54 to 5 in their peripheral surfaces for obtaining air flow radially through the sieve sleeve.
5 to which air is supplied via a short pipe 56. For this purpose, a compression blower (not shown) is connected to the short pipe 56. This compressor blower can also be provided with a corresponding control circuit 45 for varying the strength of the supply air flow.

By controlling the rotational speed of the screw conveyor 3 independently of the rotational speed of the polishing rotor 105, a finely tuned material supply amount is possible in order to adjust the rotor output. A coarse control can also be achieved using the charge slider 42, but this control is supplemented as a fine adjustment by controlling the rotational speed of the screw conveyor 3. It may also be more purposeful to use only one of both of these controls.

Conductive wire 57 is installed in the sieve casing to increase processing strength.
The rotational speed control circuit 58 can also control the motor 106 accordingly. However, if the motor 106 is driven at its upper power limit, control is only possible via the feed rate of the material to be polished.

In order to obtain the optimum machining result, efforts are made to maintain a constant rotation speed, and for this purpose, a constant rotation speed control circuit is used to control the measuring member 40,
It is composed of a control circuit 45 and a rotation speed control circuit 58. Accordingly, the motor 206 has a rotation speed control circuit 15.
8 is subordinate.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the closing member 117, which is also designed as a complete dish, is connected to the control circuit 34 with respect to the acting closing force.
It can be adjusted by The weight 125 on the lever 24 that is ready to provide the closing force is supported by the weight of the plunger magnet 1360. The armature 137 of the magnet engages in a hole fixed to the weight 125 by means of a pin 60 provided at its free end. The plunger magnet 136 is then connected to the outlet 1
It is pivotably mounted on the side wall of 26 using a shaft 61.

As shown in the figure, the depositing flap 29, which in this example serves to deposit the abrasive material up to the window of the measuring device 32, is provided directly in the take-off tube 27, which takes over the rollers of the measuring channel. . Bypass conduit 28 (first
Figure) is therefore not absolutely necessary for the present invention.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sanding machine according to the invention in a vertical configuration, and FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sanding machine according to the invention in a horizontal configuration. Reference numbers in the figure: Filling short tube: Screw conveyor: Sieve cylinder: Rotor: Motor 11 ・ ・ ・ ・ 13 ...・ 43 ・ ・ ・ ・ 48 ・ ・ ・ ・ 106.20 158 ・ ・ ・ ・ Polishing grains or polishing grains ・ Blower ・ Closing member ・ Outflow opening ・ Lever ・ Weight ・ Bypass conduit 32 ... Measuring device ・ Control circuit・Adjustment device・Measurement member・Charge amount slider・Adjustment device・Axis 6・・・Motor・Control circuit

Claims (14)

[Claims] (1) It consists of a polishing chamber limited by a sieve outer cylinder (4), in which a rotor (5) having abrasive grains or polishing grains (11) is provided, and a motor (6) drives the sieve outer cylinder ( 4) a closing member driven to rotate in the circumferential direction of the workpiece, through which the workpiece is fed into the processing chamber via the inlet opening and taken out via the outlet opening (18), the outlet opening being subjected to a closing force; In polishing or polishing machines for grains such as rice, corn, wheat, etc., which are at least partially closed by (17), the outflow opening (18) is followed by a measuring device for detecting the shine of the workpiece ( 30, 31, 3
2) is provided, the output signal of which is fed to a control circuit (34) and compared with a setpoint value, and in conjunction with the comparison value, via the control circuit (34), a regulating device is configured to control the workpiece in the processing chamber. Polishing or polishing machine, characterized in that it is adjustable for the pressure exerted on it. 2. Polishing or polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: (2) the adjusting device (36, 37) adjusts the closing force acting on the closing member (17). (3) the closing member is provided with a weight (25) for generating a closing force, which weight is slidable on the lever (24) by means of a control device (36, 37) for adjusting the lever arm; A polishing or polishing machine according to claim 2. (4) control circuit, i.e. measuring device (30, 31, 32);
Polishing or polishing machine according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the control circuit (34) and the adjustment device (36, 37) are provided with PI control characteristics. (5) Sieve outer cylinder (4) radially from the rotor (5)
A polishing or polishing machine according to one of claims 1 to 4, comprising a blower (13) for generating an air flow through the blower ( 13) A polishing or polishing machine, characterized in that the supply air flow of 13) is adjusted. (6) It consists of a processing chamber bounded by a sieve outer cylinder (4), in which a rotor (5) having abrasive or polishing grains (11) is provided, and a motor (6) drives the sieve outer cylinder ( 4) a closing member driven to rotate in the circumferential direction of the workpiece, through which the workpiece is fed into the processing chamber via the inflow opening and taken out via the outflow opening (18), the outflow opening being subjected to a closing force; In a polishing or polishing machine for grains such as rice, corn, wheat, etc., in particular according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, the drive motor (6) is at least partially closed by (17). A measuring element (40) is provided for detecting the output quantity of the measuring element (40), the output signal of the measuring element (40) is fed to a control circuit (34) and, in conjunction with the comparison value, the control circuit (34) Polishing or polishing machine, characterized in that it has an adjusting device for adjusting the amount. 7. Grinding according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a charge slider (42) actuated by a regulating device (43) is connected in front of the inflow opening. Or a glazing machine. (8) The charging amount slider (42) is a circular arc member (42) that can be pivoted in the cross section of the filling short tube (1), and this member can be pivoted around the axis (48) by means of the adjustment device (43). A polishing or polishing machine according to claim 7, characterized in that it is a polishing or polishing machine. (9) A screw conveyor (3) for supplying the processed material is provided in front of the inflow opening, and the rotation speed thereof is controllable. polishing or polishing machinery. (10) The screw conveyor (3) is connected to the processing rotor (
Polishing according to claim 9, characterized in that the rotational speed of the screw conveyor (3) is located coaxially with the drive shaft of (5) and separate from the rotor and can be adjusted via an adjustment device. Or a glazing machine. (11) Control circuit, i.e. measuring member (40), control circuit (
11. Grinding or polishing machine according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the adjusting device (43) and the adjusting device (43) are provided with PD-in particular PID-control characteristics. 12. Polishing or polishing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the control circuit (34) comprises a microprocessor. (13) Motors (6, 10) that drive the rotor (5)
6) Control circuit (58) for keeping the rotation speed constant
Polishing or polishing machine according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that it comprises a polishing or polishing machine. (14) The polishing method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the motor (206) that drives the screw conveyor (3) is equipped with a control circuit (158) for keeping the rotation speed constant. glazing machine.