A kind of high efficiency corn decortication germ separator
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of Cereals Processing Machines, especially a kind of for corn decortication with take off the machinery of embryo, has that working (machining) efficiency is high, automaticity high.
Background technology
The decortication of corn and de-embryo are the basic working procedure of corn particle processing, it is mainly to utilize mechanical strength to destroy the structure of corn, thereby it is separate that the body that makes crust, plumule and the corn of corn is that endosperm carries out, make it to meet the requirement of the finished product processing such as follow-up broken crushed grain and abrasive dust.
Common corn decortication germ separator as shown in Figure 1, corn is entered after processing cavity 14 by feed hopper 1, by the helical feed of High Rotation Speed 7, drive maize raw materials 2 to enter in processing cavity in 14, processing cavity 14 is inner is and a helical feed 7 sand roller 3 that are solidified as a whole, the outside of processing cavity is screen drum 5 cylindraceous, maize raw material 2 rolls under the sand roller 3 of rotation and the effect of static screen drum 5, extruding and friction, finally the skin of corn and plumule are peeled off from corn body, wherein skin, the particles such as broken plumule 10 are collected in particle bucket 11 through the sieve aperture 17 on screen drum 4, and the semifinished or finished goods major ingredient 13 that comprises complete plumule is discharged by discharging opening 15.
Under normal circumstances, sand roller 3 is more piece, clearance control between sand roller 3 and screen drum 5 is between 25-30mm, every joint sand roller 3 is connected by discharge iron roll 4, the outside of discharge iron roll 4 is helicoidal structure, Main Function is that skin and plumule etc. is discharged in particle bucket 11, simultaneously by helical rotation, the raw material in processing cavity 14 is derived to outlet from import.The type of drive of corn decortication germ separator is, after conventional three asynchronous machines 9 slow down by belt pulley 8, to drive rotating shaft 16 High Rotation Speeds, and rotating shaft 16 and helical feed 7, sand roller 3 are coaxially installed as one, and High Rotation Speed.In order to control the corn flow entering in processing cavity 14, below feed hopper 1, be provided with flow regulator 6, its operation principle is similar to valve, by the size of manual adjustments valve, changes the corn flow flowing in processing cavity 14.
Because length and the joint number of separate unit machinery medium sand roller are limited, conventionally one-level processing only can reach the de-embryo rate of decortication of 15%-25%, therefore conventionally adopting the decortication germ separator cascade of four to six grades uses, the semi-finished product of previous stage decortication germ separator discharging opening 15, after conveying mechanism and pneumatic separator, by in the large scale plumule having departed from and semi-finished product or finished product major ingredient 13 separate, and major ingredient 13 is inputted to next stage again, until complete whole decortications and de-embryo.
The subject matter that existing corn decortication germ separator exists has:
One, efficiency is not high, only rely on helical feed head that corn particle is passed on, and under the friction of sand roller and screen drum and extruding the de-embryo of decortication, efficiency is not high, and in High Rotation Speed between corn, sand roller and screen drum because of frictional heat, the quality quality such as color, mouthfeel that can have influence on finished product, if because heat dissipation problem is taked batch production, can reduce the efficiency of corn processing greatly.
Two, cannot regulate the dense degree of the pressure in processing cavity and corn particle, thereby reach the best de-embryo efficiency of decortication.In addition because the gap size between sand roller and screen drum is fixed, when guaranteeing that certain decortication takes off embryo efficiency by the sand roller more renewing after the wearing and tearing of sand roller;
Three, for the skin of deviating from and plumule, directly discharge in particle bucket, easily cause airborne dust, cause environmental pollution;
Four, prior art by arranging manual flow controller below feed hopper, combine with the driven by motor helical feed head of fixed rotating speed, thereby realize the adjusting of corn charging rate, in application, cannot carry out to flow in practice the meticulous adjusting of continuous parameter variation, and adjustment process is manually, cannot realize automatic feedback control and accurate operation.
Summary of the invention
For addressing the above problem, the utility model proposes a kind of high efficiency corn decortication germ separator, adopt the method that is evenly blown into air-flow in processing cavity, realized upset and the processing cavity cooling of corn, greatly improved production efficiency.
The technical scheme of the utility model high efficiency corn decortication germ separator is as follows:
A kind of high efficiency corn decortication germ separator, comprise feed hopper, motor, rotating shaft, helical feed head, sand roller, screen drum, particle bucket, discharging opening, sand roller is fixed in rotating shaft, high speed rotating under the driving of motor, maize raw material in feed hopper imports the processing cavity consisting of sand roller and screen drum through helical feed head, particle enters particle bucket by the sieve aperture on screen drum, and major ingredient is discharged by discharging opening; Rotating shaft and sand roller are hollow-core construction, hollow rotating shaft one rectify to fan outlet or by pipeline and fan outlet, be connected, the circumferential surface of described sand roller is evenly equipped with several pores, and the air-flow that blower fan blows out can be entered in processing cavity by pore.
In above-mentioned high efficiency corn decortication germ separator, in the pipeline of fan outlet, damper is installed.
In above-mentioned high efficiency corn decortication germ separator, the inwall of screen drum is rough surface.
In above-mentioned high efficiency corn decortication germ separator, the inwall of screen drum is inlaid with several salient points.
In above-mentioned high efficiency corn decortication germ separator, the particle diameter of salient point is approximately 2-5mm, and the spacing between adjacent salient point is about 20-30mm.
In above-mentioned high efficiency corn decortication germ separator, sand roller is more piece, and every joint sand roller outer surface is carved with the helicla flute that runs through whole joint sand roller length.
In above-mentioned high efficiency corn decortication germ separator, helicla flute is single helical, and groove depth is 0.8-1.5cm, and pitch is 20-30cm.
In above-mentioned high efficiency corn decortication germ separator, sand roller is more piece, between adjacent sand roller joint, is provided with wire brush, and described wire brush is along 360 ° of outer rings that are distributed on discharge iron roll, and height is radially concordant with the outer ring of sand roller.
In above-mentioned high efficiency corn decortication germ separator, on wire brush, the length of steel wire is about 5-10mm, and wire brush width is vertically about 30-50mm.
In above-mentioned high efficiency corn decortication germ separator, the bottom of discharging opening is provided with concentration equipment.
In above-mentioned high efficiency corn decortication germ separator, the below of particle bucket is provided with closes wind discharge auger.
The useful technique effect the utlity model has is as follows:
1, the utility model by air-flow by hollow rotating shaft and be with leachy sand roller to import in processing cavity, accelerated rolling and the friction of corn in processing cavity, improved the de-embryo efficiency of decortication, air-flow can be taken away the heat that partial frictional produces simultaneously, improve production efficiency, made the machinery can long time continuous working and can be not overheated, thereby can be because of the frictional heat of processing, have influence on the quality such as the color, mouthfeel of finished product, guaranteed the quality of product.
2, the utility model closes wind discharge auger broken hopper outlet being provided with, and has prevented the airborne dust that particle, dust etc. directly cause in discharge, has avoided environmental pollution, has improved workman's work situation.
3, every joint sand roller outer surface of the present utility model is carved with the helicla flute that runs through whole sand roller length, has increased maize raw material derivation efficiency from the inlet to the outlet, has improved production efficiency.
4, the inwall of the utility model screen drum is more coarse, is inlaid with several salient points simultaneously, increases the frictional force between screen drum and corn, has improved production efficiency.
5, the utility model has been installed wire brush between sand roller, has improved decortication and the de-embryo efficiency of corn, simultaneously in discharging opening bottom, is provided with concentration equipment, by steel wire brush off silk, fracture of wire adsorbs, and has guaranteed food security.
6, the utility model is provided with cavity pressure Loading Control unit in one end of processing cavity outlet, and the pressure of whole processing cavity is regulated to control, makes the closeness of corn in processing cavity reach optimum, thereby reaches best production efficiency.Adopt the adjusting of cavity pressure, to sand roller, wearing and tearing compensate, and have extended to a certain extent the life-span of sand roller, reduce production costs simultaneously.
7, the utility model has been carried out Real-Time Monitoring, feedback and has automatically been controlled by the pressure in charging rate, air velocity, processing cavity, has improved the automaticity of production efficiency and production equipment.
Accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 is existing corn decortication germ separator operation principle schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the improved corn decortication of the utility model germ separator operation principle schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the utility model air-flow and sand roller, screen drum action principle schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the principle of device schematic diagram that the utility model has increased wire brush;
Fig. 5 is the de-embryo automation control principle schematic diagram of the utility model corn decortication;
Fig. 6 is the utility model automation pressure Loading Control unit principle schematic.
Reference numeral is as follows:
1-feed hopper; 2-maize raw material; 3-sand roller; 4-discharge iron roll; 5-screen drum; 6-flow regulator; 7-helical feed head; 8-belt pulley; 9-motor; 10-particle; 11-particle bucket; 12-frame; 13-major ingredient; 14-processing cavity; 15-discharging opening; 16-rotating shaft, 17-sieve aperture, 21-blower fan; 22-hollow-core construction; 23-wire brush; 24-salient point; 25-pressure-loaded control module; 251-spring; 252-pressure plare; 253-compression knob; 254-pressure sensor; 255-displacement moving-member; 26-helicla flute; 27-pore; 28-discharge auger; 29-damper; 30-air-flow; 41-concentration equipment.
The specific embodiment
With respect to the traditional corn decortication germ separator in Fig. 1, improvement of the present utility model is as follows:
One, sand roll structure
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, change traditional solid spindle 16 into hollow-core construction 22, one end of hollow rotating shaft 16 is fixed with belt pulley 8, and 3, sand roller is enclosed within other one end of hollow rotating shaft 16; The just outlet to blower fan 21 or be connected by 21 outlets of pipeline and blower fan of the hollow rotating shaft 16 of belt pulley 8 one end, uniform some the pores 27 in surface of sand roller 3, can make the air-flow of blower fan 21 to be drained in processing cavity 14 by pore 27 in processing.Like this, when sand roller 3 rotates and screen drum 5 while maintaining static, when friction in the space of corn between sand roller 3 and screen drum 5, extruding, the air-flow 30 that pore 27 blows out can accelerate frictional force and the tumbling rate of processing cavity 14 interior corns, air-flow 30 can be taken away the heat that partial frictional produces simultaneously, greatly improved production efficiency, make the machinery can long time continuous working and can be not overheated simultaneously, thereby can be because of the frictional heat of processing, have influence on the quality such as the color, mouthfeel of finished product, guaranteed the quality of product.In order to reach best effect, the utility model is provided with damper 29 on the pipeline of fan outlet, and by changing the size of damper, best air velocity is obtained in experiment.
For the skin and the broken plumule that prevent from deviating from, directly discharge the airborne dust causing into particle bucket 11, as shown in Figure 2, the utility model is provided with and closes wind discharge auger 28 below particle bucket 11, and under the turning effort of discharge auger 28 helical blades, particle, dust etc. is sucked in releasing bin automatically, and keep good sealing characteristics, prevent the airborne dust that traditional direct discharge causes, avoided environmental pollution, improved workman's work situation.
As a kind of optimal way, as shown in Figure 3, the inwall of screen drum 5 designs more coarsely, at the inwall of screen drum 5, be inlaid with several salient points 24 simultaneously, the particle diameter of salient point 24 is approximately 2-5mm, spacing between adjacent salient point 24 is about 20-30mm, can increase like this frictional force between screen drum 5 and corn, has further improved production efficiency.
As a kind of optimal way, as shown in Figure 2, the outer surface of sand roller 3 is carved with the helicla flute 26 that runs through whole sand roller length, when sand roller 3 rotates, iblet to be processed can export from inlet guide rapidly by the helicla flute 26 on sand roller 3, make particle more even in the distribution of particles of sand roller 3 outer surfaces, than existing simple employing discharge iron roll 4, derive faster, thereby improved the working (machining) efficiency of corn.Experiment shows, the parameter influence such as the pitch of helicla flute 26, groove depth the guiding speed of corn, thereby the embryo efficiency of peeling is exerted an influence, the helicla flute 26 that the utility model adopts is single helical, groove depth is 0.8-1.5cm, and pitch is 20-30cm, accessible good effect.
In order further to improve the efficiency of corn decortication, as shown in Figure 4, wire brush 23 has been installed in discharge iron roll 4 positions between sand roller 3, wire brush 23 one week along 360 ° of outer rings that are distributed on discharge iron roll 4, the length of steel wire is about 5-10mm, height is radially concordant with the outer ring of sand roller 3, the width of wire brush 23 is about 30-50mm vertically, when being carved with helicla flute 26 by the surface of sand roller 3, corn to be processed drives down, while exporting from inlet guide, friction through wire brush 23 to corn surface, corn epidermis and plumule are brushed off, and under the effect of air-flow, enter aggregate bin 11.Experiment effect shows, has increased the device of wire brush 23 compared with original discharge iron roll 4, can significantly increase friction number of times, effectively improves decortication and the de-embryo efficiency of corn.In order to prevent that the on-stream generation of wire brush 23 from falling the impact on finished product such as silk, fracture of wire, in the bottom of discharging opening 15, be provided with concentration equipment 41, will fall silk, fracture of wire adsorbs, and has guaranteed food security.
Experiment showed, the measure of the present utility model of taking, can make the de-embryo efficiency of decortication of unitary device reach 30%-40%, therefore only need the cascade of 2-3 stage arrangement can complete whole decortications and de-embryo.
Two, process chamber pressure regulates
In order to realize the de-embryo efficiency of best decortication, as shown in Figure 2, the corn semi-finished product closeness in the utility model employing change processing cavity 14 and the scheme of cavity pressure.In certain scope, when corn semi-finished product closeness and cavity pressure are when larger, corn frictional force between sand roller 3 and screen drum 4 can increase with friction number of times, and then the efficiency of raising decortication and de-embryo, but when corn semi-finished product closeness is too high, be not easy to cause the rolling of corn, can have influence on the contrary the efficiency of decortication and de-embryo, therefore best cavity pressure parameter of necessary selection.
The utility model above discharging opening 15, the axle head of sand roller 3 and screen drum 4, pressure-loaded control module 25 has been installed, pressure-loaded control module 25 comprises spring 251, pressure plare 252, compresses knob 253 and pressure sensor 254; While working at ordinary times, under the effect of the cavity pressure of processing cavity 14 and spring 251, pressure plare 252 is in a fixing position, in the time need to regulating corn particle density in processing cavity 14 and processing cavity 14 cavity pressure, by adjusting, compress knob 253, make pressure plare 252 in chamber or outside chamber direction move, change corn particle density in pressure in chamber and chamber, to reach best decortication, take off embryo efficiency.Pressure sensor 254 has also been installed on pressure plare 252, has been monitored in real time the pressure in processing cavity 14 chambeies, for the control of follow-up automation pressure provides parameter.
In addition, for traditional working method, when sand roller 3 may wear to a certain degree, will certainly increase the gap between sand roller 3 and screen drum 4, for guaranteeing the de-embryo efficiency of decortication, can only change sand roller 3, and the utility model has adopted after pressure-loaded control module 25, only needed to regulate compression knob 253, pressure plare 252 is moved to direction in chamber, just can guarantee to a certain extent the corn semi-finished product closeness in processing cavity, extend to a certain extent the life-span of sand roller, reduce production costs.
Three, automation control
As shown in Figure 5, for further meticulous adjusting, and the auto-adjustment control of realization to cavity pressure and corn dense degree, enhance productivity and the automaticity of production equipment, the utility model has carried out Real-Time Monitoring, feedback and has automatically controlled the pressure in charging rate, air velocity, processing cavity, specifically describes as follows:
Control axis comprises collecting unit and processing execution unit, collecting unit connects with air flow speed sensor, charging rate sensor, cavity pressure sensor electrical, and processing execution unit and air-flow velocity adjustment member, charging rate adjustment member, cavity pressure adjustment member electrically connect; Collecting unit Real-time Obtaining air velocity, charging rate, cavity pressure parameter, after processing execution unit compares the above-mentioned parameter collecting and the data of storage in advance, output is carried out instruction to air-flow velocity adjustment member, charging rate adjustment member and cavity pressure adjustment member, makes it to meet the demands.
Concrete operating procedure is as follows:
First carry out the debugging experiment under different air-flow velocities, charging rate and cavity pressure parameter, the optimal parameter while obtaining the de-embryo efficiency of best decortication, is inputted into control axis; In concrete processing, the collecting unit of control axis carries out Real-Time Monitoring to air-flow velocity, charging rate and cavity pressure, and according to the optimal parameter of testing in advance acquisition, by the processing execution unit of control axis, control to adjust respectively air-flow velocity, charging rate and cavity pressure.
For realizing the continuous adjusting of charging rate, the utility model changes the traditional constant-seed motor 9 shown in Fig. 2 into buncher, by buncher 9, by transmission device, drive helical feed 7 that maize raw material 2 is imported in processing cavity 14, drive sand roller 3 to rotate simultaneously, by monitoring and adjusting to buncher 9 rotating speeds, can make raw material 2 enter in processing cavity 14 according to the charging rate of imagination, and can, by the adjusting of machine governor parameter being carried out to the meticulous adjusting of continous way rotating speed, save the flow regulator 6 in original device simultaneously.Other equivalent signal parameters such as the rotary speed parameter signal that the collecting unit of control axis can be exported machine governor in concrete enforcement or voltage, frequency gather, and the instruction of being sent by the processing execution unit of control axis is to machine governor, realizes real-time feedback, control and adjusting.Buncher can adopt variable-frequency motor, and realizes rotational speed regulation by frequency converter, reaches the effect of controlling charging rate, equally also can take the motor of other kinds such as stepper motor, and configure corresponding speed regulator.
Equally, the adjusting of air-flow velocity can realize by blower fan and blast volume controller combination, and blower fan is connected by pipeline and processing cavity hollow shaft, and blast volume controller is arranged on blower fan 21 and exports.Can adopt the frequency conversion fan of variable-frequency governor control to realize, also can adopt permanent power Fan, but automatic damper 29 is set on the connecting line of blower fan 21 and hollow rotating shaft 16.In the specific implementation, the collecting unit of control axis can gather the rotating speed of fan frequency conversion speed regulator, voltage, frequency or other equivalent signal parameters, or the output voltage signal to automatic damper 29 gathers, and the instruction fan variable-frequency governor being sent by the processing execution unit of control axis or automatic damper size, simultaneously real-time feedback, control and adjusting, realize the adjusting to gas flow rate.
For realizing the automatic adjusting of cavity pressure, pressure-loaded control module 25 of the present utility model is except the structure shown in Fig. 2, compress knob 253 by manual adjustments, can also adopt structure as shown in Figure 6, comprise pressure plare 252, displacement drive parts 255 and pressure sensor 254, pressure plare 252 is for having flexible thin-slab structure, one end is fixed in frame 12, and the other end is unsettled, and can produce under pressure towards the flexural deformation of processing cavity 14 directions.Pressure parameter in pressure sensor 254 Real-time Obtaining processing cavitys, and fed back to the collecting unit of control axis, control axis moves according to default result drive displacement driver part 255, pressure plare 252 is out of shape, thereby plays the regulating action to the pressure in processing cavity 14 and corn particle density.Pressure sensor 254 comprises pressure sensing head and transmitter, and by transmitter, parameter is inputed to control axis; Displacement moving-member 255 can be mounted in the push rod on leading screw, by stepper motor, drives leading screw to rotate, and makes push rod displacement realize the driving to pressure plare; Also can adopt the pressure mandril of gases at high pressure or liquid driven, by changing the driving force of pressure mandril, thereby make pressure plare 252 produce distortion, play the effect that regulates processing cavity internal pressure.
The utility model has been realized the de-embryo of high efficiency decortication of corn, and has that efficiency is high, environmental pollution is little, automation mechanized operation degree advantages of higher, successfully for the processing of corn, has obtained good benefit.