JPH02114884A - Reluctance type motor driven at low voltage - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make the fall and rise of exciting currents steep, and to obtain a motor, which has high torque and is turned at high speed, even at low voltage by converting the stored magnetic energy of an exciting coil into the magnetic energy of a subsequently electrified exciting coil. CONSTITUTION:When the electric signal of a curve 54a is input to a terminal 41a to electrify an exciting coil K, and the exciting currents of a dotted line 58a flow. Since transistors 22a, 22b are converted into a non-continuity state at the terminal of the curve 54a, magnetic energy stored in the exciting coil K is discharged as shown in a dotted line 58b. Since there is a diode 49, however, the magnetic energy of the exciting coil K charges a capacitor 47 through diodes 23a, 23b, and increases voltage from a power terminal 2a and quickly dissipates voltage. Consequently, it falls along the dotted line 58b within a range of 45 deg. or less: the generation of antitorque can be prevented. The dotted line 59a of the rise section of the exciting currents of an exciting coil L is made steep by the voltage of the capacitor 47, thus also obviating the generation of de-torque, then turning a motor at high speed.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] This motor can be used in place of conventionally well-known induction motors and semiconductor motors (brushless morphs).

It is effective when used in the case of a relatively low voltage power supply.

Therefore, the reluctance type electric motor, which is effective as a power source (for automobiles and others) using the electric power source, has a large output torque, but has a low speed and other drawbacks. Therefore, there are few examples of practical use.

In particular, there is no example of it being used to drive at low voltage using ζnoteri as a power source.

[Problems that Kienori 1 is trying to solve] First, the inductance of the excitation coil is large, so if an electric vehicle is driven by a power source, the applied voltage will be /, l! ~
, about 2 hours, it takes time for the magnetic energy of the excitation coil to accumulate and release, resulting in a low-speed electric motor, which poses a problem that makes it impractical.

The second problem is that reluctance type motors cannot have a large number of phases like general commutator motors.

This is because the semiconductor circuits of each phase are expensive and impractical1. Therefore, the stored magnetic energy of each magnetic pole becomes large, and it takes time to release and store it, resulting in high torque. There is a parent point while the speed is not high.

As for the same problem, especially in the case of a reluctance type electric motor with a large output torque, the number of magnetic poles in the armature is large, and the air gap in the magnetic path is small, so the accumulated magnetic energy is large, and the above-mentioned disadvantages are exacerbated. be done.

In the case of low voltage power supplies, this problem becomes irresolvable.

[Means to solve problems]

First means.

In the case of an A-phase motor, the first . Second. A position detection device is provided that can cyclically obtain third and fourth position detection signals.

The excitation coils of the first phase and the second phase are connected to the first and first phases, respectively.
excitation coil and the second. When referred to as the second excitation coil, the first. Second. With the third and fourth position detection signals,
1st each. An energization control circuit is provided to conduct the transistors inserted at both ends of the second, first and second excitation coils.

3. Second means of inserting seven 11 blood direction diodes on the positive voltage side of the applied blood flow power source of the energization control circuit.

In the case of a three-phase double-phase electric motor, the first phase, which is continuous with each other over a width of 720 electrical degrees, is used. Second. a third position detection signal (referred to as a physiognomy position detection signal) and a fourth position detection signal;
Fifth. 6th position detection signal (A phase and 60 volt angle)
There is a phase difference of degrees, and it is called a B-phase position detection signal. )
A position sensing device is provided which can obtain the position cyclically.

1st. The excitation coils of the second and third phases are connected to the first and second excitation coils, the second . a second excitation coil; a third excitation coil; Third
When the excitation coil is called the first excitation coil, the first. The three sets of transistors inserted at both ends of the second and third excitation coils are turned on, and the position of the B phase is detected (by No. Seven forward-direction transistors are connected to the positive voltage side of each applied DC power supply in one circuit for the current-carrying side of the A and B phases. Inserting a diode of...Third Means In the case of a three-set single-wave energized motor, insert the first diode of the second means.
Only the second and third position sensing signals are used.

1st. Second. Since the excitation coils of the third phase are respectively /- number of excitation coils, these first, second, . When referred to as a third excitation coil, first, second, . The third position detection signal causes the first. A energization control circuit is provided to conduct three sets of transistors inserted at both ends of the second and third excitation coils.

7 in the forward direction on the positive voltage side of the applied DC power supply of the energization control circuit.
Insert diodes.

The energizing section of the exciting coil based on the t-th means position detection signal is matched with the section in which the maximum torque is generated.

Fifth means.

A reversely connected diode is provided between each transistor and the excitation coil.

[Effect]

Since the position sensing signals are non-superimposed and continuous, the stored magnetic energy of the magnetic pole can be converted via the diode into magnetic energy to be stored in the next excited magnetic pole.

Also, since this conversion occurs rapidly, the generation of reduced torque and counter-torque is suppressed. Therefore, there is an effect of increasing speed and efficiency.

Therefore, like the Nosoteri power supply, 72~. Even in the case of a DC power supply of about 2000 volts, it has the effect of maintaining high torque characteristics and maintaining normal rotational speed.

Furthermore, since the energized section of the excitation coil coincides with the section where the maximum torque is generated, the output torque can be increased and high efficiency can be achieved.

In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, there is an effect of suppressing the occurrence of vibration during rotation.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be described in detail with respect to FIG. 1(a) and subsequent figures. Components with the same symbols in each drawing are the same members, so a duplicate description thereof will be omitted.

FIG. 1(a) is a plan view of a three-phase reluctance motor to which the present invention is applied, showing the configuration of the salient poles of the rotor, the magnetic poles of the fixed armature, and the excitation coil.
b*... have a width of 110 degrees, and are arranged at equal pitches with a phase difference of EtO degrees.

The rotor is made by known means of laminating silicon steel plates. Symbol j is the rotation axis.

Fixed armature /6 has magnetic poles /Aa, /Ab, /Ac
, /6d.

are made equal. This is an exploded view of a machine with seven salient poles and six magnetic poles.

Coil in Figure 3(a) /□a, /(:lb, 1
0a is a position detection element for detecting the positions of the salient poles /a, /b, . /b, . . . are opposed to the sides with a gap in between.

Coil 10a, /(:lb, 10c is /20
They are far apart.

The coil has an air core with a diameter of 549 meters and a diameter of about 100 tan.

In FIG. 4(a), from coils 10a, 10b, and 10C,
An apparatus for obtaining a position sensing signal is shown.

Figure 1 (in al, coil 10a, resistance/, 5a
, /, 5b, 15c constitute a bridge circuit, and are adjusted to be balanced when the coil 10a is not facing the salient poles /a, /b, .

Therefore, the outputs of the low-pass filter consisting of diode //a and capacitor /2a and diode //b and capacitor / and 2b are equal, and the output of operational amplifier /3 is at a low level.

Reference numeral 10 denotes an oscillator which oscillates for about 1 megacycle. When the coil 10a faces the salient poles /a, /b,..., the impedance decreases due to iron loss (eddy current loss and hysteresis loss), so the voltage drop across the resistor 15a increases, and the output of the operational amplifier /3 becomes Becomes a high level.

The inputs to the block circuit/3a are curves 23a, 25b, . . . in the time chart of FIG.
,... howler, Zoroku circuit in Figure (a)/4'a,
/44b indicates the same configuration as the above-mentioned bridge circuit including coils 10b and 10c, respectively.

Oscillator 10 can be used in common.

The output of the block circuit/Hiroa and the output of the inversion circuit/Jb are input to the block circuit/Za, and their output signals are
In Figure 2(a), song 82? a,,! 7b
, - curves 2ga, 2zasu, . . .

The output of the block circuit /4'l) and the output of the inversion circuit /3c are input to the block circuit /g, and their output signals are represented by curves 2qa, 29b, . . . in FIG. 2(a).
- Curves 30a, 30b, . . . are shown as follows.

For songs 23 a, , 25 b, -, songs i,
! 7a, 27b.

... has a phase delay of 120 degrees, curve 27a, 27
For b,..., the curve, 2qa, -29b+...
The phase is delayed by 720 degrees.

The block circuit /za is a circuit that is commonly used in the control circuit of a three-phase Y-type semiconductor motor.
This is a logic circuit in which a rectangular wave electrical signal with a width of 20 degrees is involved.

The outputs of the terminals /za, /zasu, /zasu are the songs 11J3/a, , j/b, respectively in Fig. 2(a).
,...1 song thought 3 = za.

32b, . . . 1 song d3 (Pa, 33 b, . . ,
3'l-b,...+curve 33a.

33b,...1 curve 36a, 3Ab,...
It is shown closed. Output signal of terminal /za and /gd,
The phase difference between the output signals of terminals /zab and /ge and the output signals of terminals /gc and /gf is 110 degrees.

Also, the output signals of terminals /zaa, /zasu, /zac are 11jl
t Next, 7.20 degrees later, terminal /za (1, /zae, /g
Similarly, the output signals of f are sequentially delayed by 720 degrees. Coil 10a.

The same effect can be obtained by using an aluminum plate having the same shape as the rotor shown in FIG. 1 and rotating in synchronization with the rotor shown in FIG. 1 instead of the opposing salient poles /a, /b, .

Reluctance type electric motors have the following drawbacks.

First, the large magnetic attraction force between the magnetic pole and the salient pole, which is unrelated to the output torque, induces mechanical vibration.

In order to prevent this, magnetic poles that are generally excited in the same phase are
In a symmetrical position about the rotation axis! The above-mentioned magnetic attraction force is balanced by the individual/group arrangement.

Second, as shown by the dotted line curve curve in the time chart of Fig. g (a), the torque is extremely large at the beginning when the salient pole begins to oppose the magnetic pole, but decreases at the end, so the resultant torque is also large and includes pull torque. There are drawbacks. The following means are effective in eliminating such drawbacks.

In other words, the width of the facing surfaces of the salient pole and the magnetic pole in the direction of the rotation axis is made different. With this method, the output torque curve becomes the curve shown in Figure R (a) due to the leakage magnetic flux of the opposing surfaces! '7.2a
It becomes flat like this.

Next, the means will be explained with reference to FIG. 5(a).

Although FIG. 5(a) shows the torque generation of the salient pole /a and the magnetic pole /6a, the torque of the other salient poles and magnetic poles is exactly the same.

Arrow A is the rotation direction of salient pole /a.

The width of the magnetic pole/4a is smaller than the width of the salient pole/a as shown. The force that rotates the salient pole/a is shown by the arrows P and G (
The dotted line indicates the magnetic flux on the back surface of the salient pole /a. ) and the magnetic fluxes indicated by arrows H and J (the magnetic fluxes on the back side are on both sides), and these are considered to be leakage magnetic fluxes.

When the salient pole /a begins to enter the right end of the magnetic pole /la, if only the magnetic fluxes P and G exist, and the widths of the salient pole and the magnetic pole are equal, the torque curve at this time will be the curve in figure g (al). .

As the magnetic fluxes H and J increase as they penetrate, it is possible to achieve a flat torque characteristic as shown by the torque increase 1-1 curve u2a.

According to actual measurements, when the salient pole is 20 mm, the magnetic pole is preferably about 15 mm.

According to this method, when the excitation coil is wound around the magnetic pole/Aa, the thickness thereof does not exceed the thickness of the salient pole, which is effective in constructing a flat electric motor.

Thirdly, there is a drawback that efficiency deteriorates.

The excitation current curve is as shown in Figure G (a).

At the beginning of energization, the current value is small due to the inductance of the excitation coil, and becomes even smaller in the center due to the back electromotive force. In the final stage, the back electromotive force is small, so it rises rapidly and the song fj! IAt. The peak value at the end of this stage is
Equal to the current value at startup. In this section, since there is no output torque, there is only a joule loss, which has the disadvantage of greatly reducing efficiency. song? Since N 116 has a width of /rθ degrees, the magnetic energy is discharged as indicated by the dotted line '1-Aa, and this becomes a counter torque, further degrading the efficiency.

Firstly, when the output torque is increased, that is, when the number of salient poles and magnetic poles is increased and the excitation current is increased, there is a drawback that the rotational speed becomes significantly smaller.

Generally, in a reluctance type electric motor, in order to increase the output torque, it is necessary to increase the number of magnetic poles and salient poles shown in FIG. 1, and to reduce the gap between them. At this time, if the rotation speed is maintained at the required value, the magnetic fit shown in Fig. 3 (a)
6a, lbb, --... and salient pole /a.

The magnetic rays and rays accumulated in /b, ... make the rising slope of the excitation current relatively gentle, and even if the current is cut off, the time for the discharging current due to magnetic energy to disappear is relatively extended. Therefore, a large counter torque is generated.

Due to these circumstances, the peak value of the excitation current value becomes small and counter torque is also generated, so the rotational speed becomes a small value.

/ The number of times magnetic energy enters and exits the seven magnetic poles during rotation is significantly greater than in the well-known three-phase Y-type DC motor, which is also a problem in that the rotational speed of reluctance-type motors decreases. It has become.

In the developed views of Fig. 1 (al) and Fig. 3 (a), the annular portion /6 and the magnetic poles /Aa, /4b, ... are made by a well-known means of laminating and solidifying silicon steel plates, and are not shown. It is fixed to the outer casing and becomes an armature. The part with symbol /6 is the magnetic core which becomes the magnetic path. Symbol /6 and symbol /6a, lbb...
is called an armature.

There are seven salient poles, and the separation angle is equal to ℃・1]. The width of the magnetic poles /Aa, /6b, . . . is equal to the salient pole l, and six of them are arranged at an equal pitch.

When the excitation coils /7b, /7c are energized, the salient poles lb,
/c is attracted and rotates in the force direction of arrow A.

When rotated by 30 degrees, the excitation coil /71) is de-energized and the excitation coil /7 (1) is energized, so that torque is generated by the salient pole /d.

Every time the trochanter / rotates by AO degrees, the energization mode 1 of the excitation coil is changed, and the excitation polarity of the magnetic pole is changed to magnetic pole /6b (N pole).
, /gc (S pole) → magnetic pole /6c (S pole), /6d (N pole) → magnetic pole /6d (N pole), /6e (S pole) -+? is pole/6e (S pole), /6f (N pole) → magnetic pole/Otf (N pole)
, /6a (S pole) →, resulting in a three-phase reluctance motor in which the rotor / is driven in the direction of arrow A.

Since the two excited magnetic poles are always different in polarity, the leakage magnetic fluxes passing through the non-excited magnetic poles are in opposite directions, and the generation of counter torque is prevented.

In order to further reduce the above-mentioned leakage magnetic flux, the magnetic poles/Aa of the first phase are made into two pieces/string, and each is excited to the N and S magnetic poles by energizing the armature coil.

The leakage magnetic flux caused by each of the two magnetic poles is canceled out and disappears at the other magnetic pole, and the leakage magnetic flux disappears.5 The other magnetic poles //;b, /AC,..., /6f also have two sets each. Therefore, there are seven sets of two magnetic poles that are excited to N and S poles. In this case, the number of salient poles /a, /b, etc., in which the leakage magnetic flux disappears with the same effect divided by 7, is 77.Next, the present invention is applied! The configuration of a rough-hewn raftance type room motor will be explained.

In Fig. 2 1, the annular part/B and the magnetic pole/Ja, #b,
* is made by a well-known method of laminating and solidifying silicon steel, and is fixed to an outer casing (not shown) to form an armature. Symbol/6
The part is the magnetic core that becomes the magnetic path.

Magnetic poles /6a, /Ab have excitation power, -chigotill /7a,
/7b is wrapped. Other excitation coils are omitted and not shown.

A rotary member 1j is supported on a bearing provided in the outer casing, and a rotor 1j is fixed to the rotary member 1j.

On the outer periphery of the rotor, there are salient poles /a, lb,...
are provided, and magnetic poles /Aa, /Ab, - and 0. / ~
0. ．． They face each other with a gap of about 2 mm between them.

The rotor/is also made by the same means as the armature/6.

A developed view of FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. 3(d).

In FIG. 3(d), there are 70 salient poles, with equal separation angles. The width of the magnetic poles /Aa, /Ab, . . . is equal to that of the salient poles, and g pieces are arranged at equal pitches.

When the excitation coils /7b, /7f, /7c, /7g are energized, the salient poles /b, /g, /c, /h are attracted and rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow.

When rotated by q0 degrees, the excitation coils /''lb, /'If are de-energized, and the excitation coils /7d, /7h are energized, so that torque is generated by the salient poles /d, /i.

Arrow +a indicates excitation polarity rotated by θ degrees from the illustrated state; magnetic poles /Ab and /Ac are N pole and magnetic pole /6f.

/Ag becomes the south pole. The purpose of such polar magnetization is to reduce counter torque due to leakage of magnetic flux.

During the next 90 degree rotation, that is, between the arrows 41b, each magnetic pole becomes the N and S polarities shown in the figure. The display of 0 indicates non-excitation.

The next 70 degree rotation and the next 90 degree rotation are arrow C,
It is magnetized to a polarity between 1 and d.

Due to the above-mentioned excitation, the rotor / rotates in the direction indicated by the arrow to become a λ-phase electric motor.

The width between each magnetic pole is 5 times that of the salient pole.

Furthermore, since the space in which the excitation coil is installed is large, thick electric wires can be used, which has the effect of reducing copper loss and increasing efficiency.

Since a reluctance type electric motor does not have a field magnet, it is necessary to increase the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic poles to the extent that it extends beyond the magnetic flux. Therefore, the large space between the magnetic poles has an important meaning.

The number of salient poles in FIG. 3(d) is 10, which is larger than the conventionally known structure of this type. Therefore, counter-torque is generated by discharging the magnetic energy accumulated in each magnetic pole due to excitation, and although the output torque becomes large, the rotational speed decreases and problems remain, making it impossible to put it into practical use.

However, according to the means of the present invention, the above-mentioned disadvantages are eliminated and only the effect of increasing the output torque is added. The details of jill will be described later.

- In Yuko Figure 1 (b), the excitation coil is ', Lid, and the third
Excited coil #z/7a, /7e and /1b in figure (d),
/"lf, and the two sets of excitation coils are connected in series or in parallel.

Transistors 2 are connected to the excitation coil and to both ends of L.
．． 2a, 22b, :1.2c, 22d are inserted.

Power is supplied from DC power supply positive and negative terminals λa and λb.

When a high level electrical signal is input from Terminal Hiro/a,
Transistor 2:la, 22b becomes conductive, and excitation coil K is energized. When an electrical signal of level . . . is input from the terminal lA/1), the transistor 22c.

, Ll are conductive, and the exciting coil L is energized.

Block circuits B and C include excitation coils /7c, /7g and excitation coils /7. , d, /7h, and has the same configuration as the L circuit for the excitation coil.

The excitation coils /7c and /7g are first phase excitation coils, and excitation coils L are called first and second excitation coils.
and /Id, /7h are the excitation coils of the second phase;
It is called the first excitation coil.

When there is a high level input to the terminals ≠/c and ≠/d, the excitation coils /7c, /7g and /7d, /7h are energized.

Next, input (1
The means for obtaining the 7-position detection signal will be explained.

In Fig. 3(d), coils 10d and 10e have the same configuration as the coils 10a, /+Zlb, and 10c described above, and are fixed to the fixed armature /6 at the position shown in Fig. 3(d). There is. Symbol 10 is an oscillator with a frequency of about /megacycle.

Coil 10d, 10e resistance /qa, /wob, /qc
, /'/d becomes a bridge circuit, and coils 10d, 1
When 0e faces the salient poles /a, /b, . . . , the bridge circuit is balanced and the two inputs of the operational amplifiers; Wa and 2A'b become equal.

The above-mentioned input is rectified by a diode and converted into direct current. Smoothing capacitor/2a shown in Figure (a)
, /2b completes the rectification, but it is not always necessary. Removing the capacitor is an effective means when creating an integrated circuit.

The output of the operational amplifier 2+a by the coil 10d is inverted λ times by the inverting circuits /3g and /3h, and then the output of the operational amplifier 2+a by the coil 10d is
It serves as input for AOa and IAOb. This input signal becomes a rectangular wave, and in the time chart of Fig. g (b),
Songs &50a, 30b, . . . The output of the operational amplifier Wb is a position detection signal from the coil 10e, which is passed through two inverting circuits to an AND circuit≠Ob,Q
-Oc is input. This input signal is shown in FIG.

The coils 10d and 10θ are separated by (igo+deO) degrees. Therefore, the curve, 5oa, sob,... and the song i3
/a151b, . . . which phase difference is 90 degrees.

Output between inverting circuit /Jg, /Jh (1 circuit C
The input on the lower side of 2sd) is for a 9-digit error.

...becomes...

AND circuit kvtQ-Oa lower input and 771 circuit 1
The input above l-0d is the song f41! ;3 a, 3
．． 3 b,...

An) The output of the terminal a≠ga of 3 circuits is the curve hso a
-, 2 lines, so the curve 54'a in Fig. g (b) becomes 31.0 degrees apart in a width of 90 degrees.

Anne 1: ``Circuit squirrel, 1AOc, Hirood output terminal 'A
gb.

For the same reason, the output signals of 'Agc and 'Agd are
Curves in figure (b), B; a, 3; J b, -,
Song i, tAa, Mb.

White team j7a, 57b, etc.

The reason for using one inverting circuit 73g, /3h in FIG. 7(d) will be described later.

The above-mentioned position detection signal is used in the circuit shown in FIG. 1. Details thereof will be explained next.

Figure 1 (+) terminal 'A/a, 'AI'b
, 11-/c, ? The position detection signal input to /d is shown in the time chart of Fig. 6(a) at
, Gaa, 56a, 57a. Song 1#p
When the electrical signal of knee';tAa is input to the terminal '+/a, the excitation coil K is energized and the dotted line! ; Excitation current flows as shown in za.

At the end of song #5 Hiroa, the transistors 2ja and 2b become non-conductive, so the magnetic energy stored in the excitation coil K is discharged as indicated by the dotted line 3gb.

If the section of this discharge current is long, a counter-torque occurs.

Next, the song 1pJ3. is connected to terminal I/-/b. Since the electric signal of s a is input, the excitation coil is energized and the dotted line 3
The excitation current increases as shown in 9a. If the rise of this rising current is slow, torque will be reduced.

As described above, if the section between the dotted line Szab in the descending part and the point 39a in the rising part is large, there is a problem in that counter torque and reduced torque are generated.

In this embodiment, since the diode 9 is provided, the magnetic energy to the excitation coil is transferred to the diodes 23 a , 23
The capacitor ≠7 is charged through the capacitor ≠7, and the voltage is raised from the power supply terminal 2a, and is rapidly extinguished. Therefore, the section of the dotted line Sgb of the descending part is within the variable range,
This has the effect of preventing the generation of counter torque.

The point at which the excitation current of the excitation coil L rises due to the voltage of the capacitor≠7? fM39a becomes rapid, which has the effect of preventing the occurrence of reduced torque.

When it comes to high speed, curve '54' a, ! ;3 a
Since the width of , .

Capacitor Q-7 is not necessarily required in the case of a small output motor.

At the end of energization by curve lrM33a, the diode,
23c, , 2Jd, ≠9, the excitation current rapidly drops as indicated by the dotted line 39b.

song&! The electric signal of A a, 37 a is shown in Fig. 1 (b
) When input to terminals If-/c and IA/d, when the excitation coil /7C977g and excitation coil /7d, /7h are energized, the rise and fall sections of the excitation current (shown by dotted lines) are Similarly, it is made smaller to suppress the generation of counter torque and reduced torque.

Since the energizing section of each exciting coil is 90 degrees, Fig. 3 (, i
) Adjusting the positions of the coils 10d and 10e to the section where the maximum torque is generated has the effect of increasing efficiency.

Further, the energization control circuit shown in FIG. 1(b) has the feature that it is simpler than the energization control circuit of the well-known two-phase reluctance type motor. This is the position detection signal ff1d3'l-a,
5. This is because ta, . . . are consecutive.

Boundaries of curves 3'l-a, 33a, ... (Fig. 6(a)
) is shown as a big win. ), the excitation current will not be applied during startup, resulting in unstable startup.

A means for eliminating such a gap is the inverting circuit described above with respect to FIG. g, /Jh.

Since the diameters of the coils 10d and 10e are finite, slopes occur in the rise and fall portions of the output signals of the operational amplifiers a, 2Kb, and this causes the inversion circuit /Jg, /? Without h, when the output of the rectangular wave of the position detection signal is logically processed, the curve field a + 3! ; A void may be generated at the boundary between a *....

By using Dio-P/3g and /3h, the above-mentioned drawbacks can be eliminated.

When the power supply voltage is about 72 to 2 volts, such as in the case of a ζ-truncation power supply, the drop and rise sections of the excitation current are extended, making high-speed rotation difficult.

According to the device of the present invention, the stored magnetic energy of the excitation coil is converted into the magnetic energy of the excitation coil that is energized next, so that the drop and rise of the excitation current are rapid, and therefore even at low voltage, high torque, high speed, and 2g It has the characteristic that an electric motor can be obtained.

Next, a three-phase reluctance type motor, that is, the energized open side 1 of the motor shown in FIGS. 1(a) and 3(a) will be described using the circuit shown in FIG. 1(a).

In Fig. 1(a), exciting coils /7a, /7c
, /7e have transistors 20a on both ends, respectively.
, 20b and 20c, 20eL and 20e, lOf
is inserted.

Transistors 20a, 20b, 20c,...
is a switching element, and may be any other semiconductor element having the same effect. For example, a tethered Wamos FET is used.

Power is supplied from DC power supply positive and negative terminals 2a and λb.

When a high level electrical signal is input from terminal≠3a,
The transistors 20a, . . . 1Ob are turned on, and the excitation coil /7a is energized. When a high-level electrical signal is input from terminals ≠3b and ≠3C, transistors 20e, 2. Of conducts,
Excitation coils /7c and /7e are energized.

Block times Ill? ;D, Fj, F are excitation 7-coils/
7b/'ld, /7f energization control circuit, excitation coil /
It has exactly the same configuration as the energization control circuit 7a.

Therefore, when there is a high level input to terminals IA3d, ≠3e, ≠3f, the excitation coils /7b and /7d respectively
/7f is energized.

The input signal of the terminal 'AJa is the position detection signal 3. of Fig. g (a).・,3. b...The input signals of 4 are position detection signals 32a, 3b, . . . and 33a, 33b,
It is...

The above-mentioned curves have the same symbols and are shown in the time chart of FIG. 6(b). Curve 3/a, 32. a
, 33, a.

... are continuous, so their boundaries are shown with thick lines.

Also, the position detection signals 3Aa, 36b, shown in FIG.
−,,”jlAa, 344b, −,3Sa,
J5b and - are the terminals IA and ? of FIG. 1 (aJ, respectively).
It is input to d, Hiro3e, and 'A3f.

FIG. 6(b) shows curves 36a, 31a, 3Sa, -
or not, they are continuous and the boundaries are indicated by thick lines. The position detection signal curve in FIG. 6(b), ? The case where /a is input to terminal 4', ?a of FIG. 1 (al) will be explained.

In FIG. 6(b), the exciting current is indicated by the dotted line -? It increases like 7a. In a reluctance type electric motor, since the inductance is large, the rise of the starting end of curve 3/a is slow. Therefore, it is necessary to correspondingly increase the voltage applied to the terminal λa. As the speed increases, song 7Jii3/
Since the width of a becomes smaller, it is necessary to use a voltage corresponding to the voltage of the terminal λa. However, when the power source is low voltage, such as a battery power source, the above-mentioned measures are not possible. Therefore, although the torque is high, the speed is low.

Next, a description will be given of means for solving the above-described problem.

At the end of curve 3/a, transistors: 1. Oa, Yu Ob
turns into non-conducting, the magnetic energy accumulated in the excitation coil /7a is transferred to the transistors Ia and :lOb.
Since both become non-conductive, current is applied in the order of diode 127b, capacitor φ7a, and diode 1-2/a, and they disappear.

Next, in response to the position detection signal 3a, the transistor 20c
, :10d are electrically conductive, the excitation coil /7c starts to be energized, and the current increases as indicated by the dotted line 3ga in FIG. 6(b).

The dotted line 37b is a current curve due to the release of magnetic energy from the excitation coil/7a described above.

The width of arrow 39b is the dotted line? 7b and the width of the descending and rising portions of the dotted line 3ga are shown. When the width of arrow m3qb exceeds 30 degrees, counter torque occurs and torque also decreases. That is, counter torque and reduced torque are generated.

As the speed increases, the width of the curve 32a becomes smaller, so the arrow ? The width of 9b also needs to be correspondingly reduced.

In the device of the present invention, since the diode pthqa is inserted, the above-mentioned problems are solved.

When the excitation coil/7a is de-energized at the end of the song 3t a, the stored magnetic energy charges the capacitor and the high charging voltage causes the excitation coil/7c to be de-energized.
energization start-up is rapid.

If it is made small, the charging voltage will rise rapidly, so it is preferable to use a capacitor with a capacity that corresponds to the rotational speed of the motor and the excitation current value.

It can also be removed in the case of a motor with a small high-speed output without making the voltage at the terminal 2a too high.

The current flowing through the 3qa width part of the arrow in figure (b) is:
/As with general DC motors, it is regulated by the applied voltage, back electromotive force, and resistance of the exciting coil.

At the end of the song ffM3koa, transistor Yu Oc, lOd
turns into non-conducting, the excitation current rapidly drops as indicated by the dotted line 3b, and the excitation current of the excitation coil/7e rapidly increases as indicated by the dotted line.

The electrical signal of curve 33a causes transistor 20e.

This is because xoff+″- conduction is controlled.

The action of diodes +2/c, 2/d, 2/e, 2/f is exactly the same as that of diodes -t'2/a, 2/b.

As mentioned above, the excitation coils /7a, /7c, /
7e is sequentially and continuously energized to generate output torque.

The above energization mode IS is referred to as the A-phase energization mode.

Position detection signal 3oa in Fig. 2(a), 3+N:+
, −,? tAa311b, -, J! ;a, 33
b and - are the terminals in Fig. 1(a)≠ and ?, respectively. d
, Ke3e, '@3f is input, the block circuit is
Excitation coils /7b and /7d included in E and F.

Figure 6 shows the curves ?/+a+, a, J, and 5a that control the energization of /7f. is late.

Curve JA a, ? As in the case of the A phase, the dotted line portions at both ends of 'A a, , 33a are restricted from excitation.

Curve 36a, 3To, -, 3*a, 31Ab,
-, 3Sa.

Excitation coil by J5b, /7b, /7d,
/lf energization control is referred to as B-phase energization mode.

A three-phase electric motor like the one in this embodiment is generally used for clothing, with the first, second, and third phase energizing motors 1.
In this specification, the energization mode is divided into two and is referred to as A-phase and B-phase energization modes.

Curve I in FIG. 2(a) shows the torque curve due to the A-phase excitation coil, and curve H (dotted line) indicates the torque curve due to the B-phase excitation coil, and the combined torque of both curves becomes the output torque.

Arrow line segment '#a, '45 a is position detection signal 3
2a (generated by excitation coil /7c), position detection signal, and section of the torque curve by 9a (generated by excitation coil /''/li).

It has a torque curve similar to that of a three-phase Y-connection semiconductor motor, and is characterized by efficient and relatively flat torque characteristics.

As can be understood from the above explanation, the position detection signal &3/a+J/b, =9 curve 3. of FIG. 2(a).
2a.

3Jb,...1 curve J3a, 3Jb,... performs energization control over a width of 720 degrees for the excitation coils /7a, /7c, /7e, and the old number of curves h3 Otsu a, 3 Otsu b
, ・= , song m1?4'a3tt b , -, song i7'4.33a, 33b, ・ is excitation coil/7b
, /7(1,/''If) conduction control is performed over a width of 720 degrees.

The above-mentioned arrow line segments a, ≠5a overlap to degrees. The energization of 1 J to the other excitation coils also overlaps each other by 60 degrees.

ing.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the magnetic poles are arranged in symmetrical positions to balance the magnetic attraction force and eliminate vibrations. However, since the air gap between the salient pole and the magnetic pole is small, the air gap cannot be made completely equal, and the occurrence of vibration is unavoidable.

In this example, the magnetic poles are not in symmetrical positions, but the exciting magnetic poles are /6a, /6b-+/Ab, /Ac→/bc
, /Ad→, and the direction of the vector of the radial magnetic attraction force is also rotated correspondingly.

Therefore, the rotating shaft always rotates 1" while being pressed by the middle holder in the / direction, which has the effect of suppressing the occurrence of mechanical vibration. Also, the energizing angle of the excitation coil is 720 degrees. Therefore, by matching this section with the section where the output torque is maximum, efficiency will be increased.

Songs h3/a, 3.2a, 33 in Figure 6(b)
If there is a gap at the boundary of a, at startup,
There may be cases where there is no excitation current and the product may not start.

In order to prevent the above-mentioned disadvantages, it is necessary to eliminate the gaps between the curves.

Next, the means will be explained with reference to FIGS. q (b) and (c).

Output terminals /za, /gc, /ga in Figure (a)
, /gf are input to the input terminals with the same symbols in FIG. 3(b).

Since the output of the output terminal /gb of the inverting circuit fa becomes an output only in the section where there is no output of the terminals /ga and /zaC, the field gap can be eliminated.

The situation is exactly the same regarding the output signal of the terminal /zae via the inverting circuit gb.

Therefore, the terminals /gb, /gb,..., / in Fig.
Instead of the output signal of gf, terminals /ga, / in Figure (b) are used.
That's it.

. . , the terminal /7a in FIG. 7(b) instead of the output signal of /gf.

By using the output signals of /zasu, . . . , /gf, startup failure can be prevented.

FIG. 4(c) is another means to achieve the same objective. In Fig.(C), the operational amplifier of Fig.(a)/
The output of 3 is passed through two inverting circuits /3d and /3e,
It is input to block circuit/g.

Block circuit Aa, /! The same means is adopted for the output of b. The output of the inverting circuit /Je is a rectangular wave having the same phase as the output of the operational amplifier /3, but there is a difference as described below.

Since the output drum shape of the operational amplifier/3 is not negligible with respect to the diameter and salient pole of the coil 10a, the rising and falling parts are inclined.Thus, in the case of Fig. 4(a) The outputs of the terminals /zaa, /to, . .

In Figure (C), inverting circuits /3d and /3e are used to convert any input signal to a block circuit into a perfect rectangular wave at the output stage of inverting circuit /3d.

The same processing is also performed on the outputs of block circuits /I+a and /4'b. Therefore, the terminal
The gap between the output signal curves of . . . , /gf is removed.

Next, the embodiment shown in FIG. 1(b) will be described.

The electric motor in Figure 1(b) has a % number of magnetic poles in Figure 1(a).
That is. The number of salient poles is 5, which has the effect of simplifying the configuration and making it possible to create a small electric motor.

If the diameters of the position detection coils 10a, 10b, and 10c are considered, an electric motor having dimensions of % of that shown in FIG. 1(b) can be manufactured. Figure 3 (The season is a diagram of its development.

The energization is a 3-phase single-wave energization, and the energization is carried out in the 3rd phase and the 2nd wave.

The magnetic poles of the third phase are marked /Aa, /To, /A, respectively.
C [pole, 1st. Second. The excitation coils of the third phase are excitation coils with symbols /7a, /7'b, /7c, respectively.
It becomes r.

The positions of the coils 10a, 10b, and 10c are shown in Fig. 3 (
It is fixed to the fixed armature/A side at the same position as a).

The excitation coil is energized and controlled by the circuit shown in FIG. 1(C). Figure 1 (c>, excitation coil /7
There are 4 transistors on both ends of a, /7b, /7c.
connected. Coil /+Zla, / to lb
, from 10c, /. The means for obtaining a position detection signal with a width of 20 degrees is the same as in the previous embodiment, as shown in Figures (a), (bJ,
The electric circuit explained in (C) is used, but the necessary electric codes are terminals /ga, /gb. Only the output of /gc is necessary, and nothing else is necessary.

The output signals of terminals /za, /zasu, /gc are as shown in Figure g (a
1, Songs 3/a, 3/b. ...and curves 3 a, 32b, ... and song 1jiJJ a, JJ
b,..., and these are shown in Figure 1 (
C) are input to terminals tJa, 'AJb,'/-3c. Therefore, the input signals of the terminals ≠ 3a, ≠ 3b, 30 are the songs @. of FIG. 6(b). 3/a, 32
a, 33a, . . .

Curve at terminal ≠ 3a. ? When the electrical signal of /a is input,
'g. to transistor 2. ．． 20h conducts, and as described above, an exciting current is obtained (not indicated by the dotted line 77a), and the terminal ≠ 3
When the electric signals of curves 32a and 33a are input to the curves 32a and 33a, the transistors 201 and 203 and the transistor 20 become conductive, and the dotted lines 3a and 3c become conductive, respectively. A dotted excitation current corresponding to #33a is obtained.

Diode, 2/a. The effects of 2/b, . . . and the effects of the diode φ'/c are the same as in the previous embodiment.

By the above-mentioned energization, the rotor / shown in FIGS. 1(b) and 3(b) becomes a three-phase, single-wave electric motor driven in the direction of arrow A. A three-phase single-wave electric motor generates vibrations, but in this embodiment, this drawback is eliminated for the following reasons.

The magnetic attraction force, which is unrelated to the radial torque between the salient pole and the magnetic pole, is in the area where the excitation current is present in FIG. 3(b), that is, the arrow 3qa.
, 39b, and 39c.

Therefore, the salient pole in FIG. 1(b) is attracted toward the magnetic pole,
The vector of this suction force rotates the rotating shaft 1j while pressing it against the bearing. Another arrow. ? 9a, 39b, 39c
The 7 parts overlap one after another.

Therefore, generation of vibration is suppressed.

In Fig. 3 fb), when the magnetic pole /Ab is excited to the north pole, its magnetic flux is divided through the salient poles /a and /d.

The torque due to magnetic pole /Ac and salient pole /d becomes counter torque,
Decrease output torque. The above-mentioned situation is the same when other magnetic poles are excited.

With the configuration shown in the developed view of FIG. 3(c), the above-mentioned disadvantages are eliminated and the output torque is significantly increased. In FIG. 3(C), the magnetic path open ends of magnetic poles /Aa, /Ab, /6c are divided into two magnetic poles. The separation angle between the two magnetic poles is the same width as the salient pole.

The salient poles are also arranged at equal pitches, and the salient poles are the same as the magnetic poles described above. Salient poles /a, /b, /c, /d and subsequent ones are omitted and shown by dotted lines.

The fixed armature /6 in the intermediate portions of the magnetic poles /A a , /6b , /A c shown by symbols 3a, 3b, and 3c has been deleted.

When the excitation coil /7b is energized, the magnetic flux of magnet &/Ab is
Since they are closed through the salient poles and the magnetic resistance is reduced, the magnetic attraction force between the magnetic poles and the salient poles is also increased, and the attraction force is due to the two magnetic poles. The above-mentioned situation is the same for other magnetic poles.

The deleted portions 3a, 3b, and 3c are for increasing magnetic resistance and preventing magnetic flux from being shunted to other magnetic poles.

Therefore, the output torque is j times that of the case shown in FIG. 3(b). Excitation coil /7a, /7b, /7c
If) As the energized open side circuit, the circuit shown in FIG. 1(C) is used.

The means for obtaining the position detection signal is exactly the same as that shown in FIG. 3(b).

By increasing the width of the η-hard magnetic poles /A a , /A b , /A c , the number of salient poles can be reduced,
Furthermore, it is an effective means because the space in which the excitation coil is installed can be enlarged.

The reason why the output torque of the Relax-type electric motor is significantly larger than that of the Madai-type DC motor is that even after the excited magnetic poles are magnetically saturated, the excitation current remains constant. This is because the output torque increases proportionally.

The reason for this is that, as explained in FIG. 5(a), the output torque is obtained by leakage magnetic flux.

The shape of the magnetic pole that uses the above-mentioned leakage magnetic flux for upward movement is shown by taking the magnetic pole /Aa as an example.

In Fig. 5(b), the width of the open end of the magnetic path of magnetic pole/4a (
(indicated by arrow 2) is made smaller than in the magnetic pole. The width mentioned above is the width in the rotational direction of the rotor. When a certain portion of the excitation coil/7a is saturated, the open end of the magnetic path becomes oversaturated, which increases leakage magnetic flux and has the effect of increasing output torque.

〔effect〕

First effect.

Even when using a low voltage power supply, it retains its high torque characteristics.
It can be a high speed electric motor.

Second effect.

As explained in connection with the energization control circuits in FIGS. 1(a), 1(b), and 1(C), the electric circuit is simplified and can be configured to be small and inexpensive.

The third effect, Machine vibration during operation can be suppressed.

Part 3 effect.

Due to the energization of the three-phase single-phase motor, the generation of vibration is suppressed, and the motor can be made smaller with peace of mind.

Fifth Effect 8 Efficiency is increased by matching the section where the position detection signal is present with the section where the maximum torque is generated.

Sixth effect.

Since the position detection signals are adjacent to each other, when the excitation coil is de-energized, the stored magnetic energy can be converted via the diode-P into the magnetic energy of the excitation coil to be energized next. Therefore, generation of counter torque can be suppressed.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of the device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is also an explanatory diagram of an l-phase electric motor, and FIG. 3 is an illustration of the magnetic poles, salient poles, and the like of the device of the present invention.
4 is a developed diagram of the excitation coil, FIG. 4 is an electric circuit diagram for obtaining a position detection signal, FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of means for effectively utilizing leakage magnetic flux, and FIG. 6 is a time chart of the position detection signal. , Fig. 1 is the energization control circuit diagram of the excitation coil, and Fig. g is,
Time charts of the position detection signal, excitation current, and output torque are shown. /, /a, /b, /c, ... rotor and salient poles, Ja,,
2b: DC power supply positive and negative terminals, 3a. 3b, 3c=-deletion part, /A, /6a, /Ab, /
l, c... Fixed armature and magnetic pole, /7a, /7b
, /7c,... Excitation coil, Ta... Rotating shaft, 10a, 10b. 10c, 10eL, 10e--coil,
10. Oscillator, /≠a, /4'b, /za...
Block circuit, 20a, 20b2, 2.2a,
+2Jb,..., 2Jd...Transistor, B, O
,D,E,F...Block circuit for controlling energization of the excitation coil, ,)5., 25b, -, 26a. , 1.・ , 26b , -, , 27a , 27b , -, ,
2zaa, 2gb, -, 29a, J9b, =
・,30a,30b,-,J/a,3/b,・
32a, 32b, -, 33a, 33b, --
-,,Ma,,? <4b. -,,Ba,J,Sb,-,3Aa,3A'b
,=-,6'□a ,50b ,-,4/a
, g/b , ・= , jL2a ,! 2b, -
, 53a. 5.? b, -,54'a, 5hirob, -,3
j'l, 5jb, =., 36a, 36b,
-, 5-/a, 57b, -Position detection signal curve, lhA,'#, a, 3ga, 3gb, 39
a, 39b, J7a,...? 7b, 3ga, 3zab... excitation current curve, hoko, bell, ≠2゜hiro, 2a.
...Torque curve-I/-7- Figure (Noff ($(a) / Figure 6 Dano $6 Paris and a) Figure (Δ) 3 ru/day

Claims (3)

[Claims] (1) In a two-phase reluctance electric motor, the positions of the rotor's salient poles are detected, and the first, second, and third , 4th
A position detection device including two position detection elements from which position detection signals are obtained cyclically, a first phase excitation coil, a first phase excitation coil, and a second phase excitation coil When called a second excitation coil, the transistor inserted at both ends of the first excitation coil is made conductive by the first position detection signal, and the first excitation coil is made conductive by the third position detection signal. an energization control circuit that conducts transistors inserted at both ends of the coil, and conducts transistors inserted at both ends of the second and second excitation coils based on second and fourth position detection signals; 1 inserted on the voltage side
A DC power supply that supplies power to the first and second phase excitation coils via diodes, and a stored magnetic field of the excitation coil to which the stored magnetic energy is transferred to the next energization when the excitation coil is de-energized. A means for converting the excitation current into energy to quickly stop the excitation current and increase the excitation current to reduce the occurrence of counter-torque and torque reduction, and a section where the excitation current is energized by the position detection signal to increase the maximum torque. 1. A reluctance motor driven by a low voltage, characterized in that the reluctance motor is comprised of means for fixing the above-mentioned position detection element to a fixed armature side so as to coincide with the section where the electric current occurs. (2) In a three-phase reluctance motor, the positions of the salient poles of the rotor are detected, and the first, second, and second A-phase position detection signal from which the third position detection signal is obtained cyclically, and fourth, fifth, and sixth B-phase position detection signals having the same configuration with a phase difference of 60 degrees in electrical angle from the A-phase position detection signal. A position detection device including three position detection elements from which position detection signals can be obtained cyclically, and an excitation coil of the first phase are connected to the
When the 1@ excitation coil and the 2nd and 3rd phase excitation coils are respectively referred to as the 2nd, 2nd@2@ excitation coil, and the 3rd and 3rd excitation coil, the 1st and 2nd , the third position detection signal makes three sets of transistors inserted at both ends of the first, second, and third excitation coils conductive, and the fourth, fifth, and sixth position detection signals make them conductive, respectively. First,
An energization control circuit is inserted at both ends of the second and third excitation coils to make the three sets of transistors conductive, and the first, second, and third excitation coils are connected to each other through a first diode inserted on the positive voltage side. a DC power source that supplies power to the aforementioned energization control circuit of the coil and supplies power to the aforementioned energization control circuit of the first, second, and third excitation coils via a second diode inserted on the positive voltage side; When the coil is de-energized, the stored magnetic energy is converted into the stored magnetic energy of the excitation coil to be energized next, and the excitation current is stopped and the excitation current is rapidly increased, resulting in counter torque and reduced torque. and a means for fixing the above-mentioned position detection element to the fixed armature side so that the section where the excitation current is energized by the position detection signal coincides with the section where the maximum torque is generated. A reluctance electric motor driven by low voltage, characterized by the following: (3) In a three-phase reluctance motor, the positions of the salient poles of the rotor are detected, and the first, second, and second A position detection device including three position detection elements from which a third position detection signal can be obtained cyclically, and one first phase excitation coil, which is connected to the first excitation coil, second and third phase There is also one excitation coil for each phase, and when they are called the second and third excitation coils, the first, second, and third position detection signals cause the first, second, and third excitation coils to move, respectively. Through an energization control circuit that conducts three sets of transistors inserted at both ends, and one diode inserted on the positive voltage side,
A DC power supply that supplies power to the above-mentioned energization control circuit of the first, second, and third excitation coils, and a stored magnetic energy of the excitation coil to which the stored magnetic energy is to be energized next when the excitation coil is de-energized. The maximum torque is generated by converting the excitation current into energy and rapidly stopping the excitation current and increasing the excitation current to reduce the generation of counter torque and reduced torque, and the section where the excitation current is energized by the position detection signal. 1. A reluctance electric motor driven by a low voltage, comprising means for fixing the above-mentioned position detection element to a fixed armature side so as to coincide with the section.