JPH0746808A - Three-phase reluctance-type motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce vibrations, to make the speed of a rotation high and to increase an output torque by a method wherein a rise in the energization of an armature coil is made fast, all salient poles for a rotor are made to contribute to the output torque without suspension and a device having an output torque characteristic compensating the U-shaped part of a ripple torque is added. CONSTITUTION:Three-phase armature coils are wound on slots 17a to 17f in a fixed armature 16, an attraction force is generated simultaneously at salient poles 1a, 1b for a rotor 1, and the generation of vibrations is suppressed. In addition, a diode and a capacitor are installed additionally, the current of the armature coils drops suddenly, or it is made to rise, and an output increases. In addition, an electric current is supplied to the individual armature coils at a point of time when the salient poles 1a, 1b intrude into magnetic poles 16a to 16f for the fixed armature 16 or a little before the point of time, and the energization is adjusted by taking into consideration the rotational speed, the efficiency and the output torque of the motor. In addition, a motor to which a three-phase half-wave energization whose phase is shifted by an odd integral of 60 deg.C (electrical angel) is supplied is installed in common to a shaft 5, and a composite torque curve is flattened.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

[Industrial application] Since it has a large output and little torque ripple, it has a wide range of uses as a power source. For example, it can be used for electric vehicles, electric bicycles, cranes, vacuum cleaners, and the like.

2. Description of the Related Art A reluctance type electric motor has a large output torque, but it has not been put into practical use due to its drawbacks such as a low rotation speed and vibration.

[0002]

In the case of a reluctance type electric motor, since the magnetic path of the armature coil is almost closed by the magnetic paths of the salient poles and the magnetic poles, the inductance is large. The amount of magnetic energy accumulated or released in the magnetic poles and salient poles is large, and the number of times of accumulation and emission per rotation is large. Therefore, although the output torque is large, there is a problem that the output torque is low. When the electric motor has a large output, it becomes more difficult to solve the above-mentioned problems.
Second Problem FIG. 1 is a plan view of a well-known three-phase single-wave energizing reluctance motor. Reference numeral 16 is a fixed armature, which is made of a silicon steel plate laminated body, and armature coils 17a-1, 17b-1, ... Are attached to the magnetic poles 16a, 16b ,.
The rotor 1 rotates in the direction of arrow A. Symbol 5 is a rotation axis. When the armature coils 17b-1 and 17e-1 are energized, the rotor 1 rotates in the direction of arrow A, and the energization is stopped when the armature coil rotates by 120 degrees in electrical angle, and then the armature coils 17c-
1, 17f-1 is energized, and when energized by 120 degrees in electrical angle, it rotates by the same angle. As described above, the armature coil 1
7a-1, 17d-1 → 17b-1, 17e-1 → 17
It rotates in the direction of arrow A by energization in the order of c-1 and 17f-1. Two salient poles are involved in the above-described rotation torque, and the other four are not involved. If six salient poles simultaneously generate torque, the torque will be tripled, but there is a problem that this cannot be achieved. Third subject Armature coil 17a-
When 1 and 17d-1 are energized, the magnetic poles 16a and 16d are attracted to the salient poles 1a and 1e in the radial direction, so that the fixed armature 16 is deformed and distorted by the attraction force. Rotate and magnetic pole 16
The fixed armature 16 is deformed by the attraction of b and 16e, the magnetic poles 16c and 16f, and the opposing salient poles. There is a problem that such deformation causes vibration. Further, since it is technically difficult to make the gap between the salient poles and the magnetic poles constant, the suction force received by the rotor 1 changes with rotation, and the rotor 1 vibrates in the radial direction. Therefore, there is a problem that vibration noise is generated and the service life of the bearing of the rotating shaft of the rotor 1 is shortened. If the device is large and has a large output, it is difficult to solve the above-mentioned problems. Fourth
Problem to be Solved When the second problem is solved, there is a problem that a large ripple torque is generated as described later with reference to FIG.

[0003]

[Means for Solving the Problems] First Means In a reluctance type electric motor of three-phase double-wave conduction, n arranged at both sides of an outer peripheral surface of a magnetic rotor with equal width and equal separation angle.
(N is a positive integer of 2 or more) first and second salient poles, and 3n slots arranged at an equal spacing angle in the inner peripheral portion of the cylindrical first fixed armature, The 3n first, second, and third phase armature coils installed in each of the two slots and the first fixed armature have exactly the same configuration, and the slots have an electrical angle in phase. By sequentially shifting by 120 degrees, the relative positions of the second fixed armature on which the first , second , and third phase armature coils are mounted and the slots of the first and second fixed armatures are shifted. , The relative positions of the corresponding armature coils of the first , second , and third phases and the corresponding armature coils of the first , second , and third phases are displaced by an odd multiple of 60 electrical degrees. Alternatively, a means for disposing the positions of the first salient pole and the second salient pole facing each other by an odd multiple of 60 degrees, with these being in phase, The rotational position of the first salient pole is detected, and the position detection signal of the first phase separated from each other by 240 degrees in the width of 120 degrees in electrical angle and the phase detection signal of 120 degrees in electrical angle.
The phase detection signal of the second phase which is delayed and the phase detection signal of the third phase and the position detection signals of the first, second and third phases which are 120 degrees in electrical angle from them first, second but it was delayed odd multiple of 60 degrees in electrical angle
2, a position detection device the position detection signal of the third phase is obtained, first, second, third, first, second, semiconductor switching connected in series to each of the armature coils of the third phase An element, a DC power source for supplying power to a series connection body of the armature coil and semiconductor switching, first, second, third and third
Position the semiconductor switching elements connected in series to the armature coils of the first, second, third, first , second , and third phases via the position detection signals of the first , second , and third phases, respectively. An energization control circuit that conducts only the width of the detection signal to energize the armature coil, and when the semiconductor switching element is converted to non-conduction at the end of the position detection signal, from the connection point of the semiconductor switching element and the armature coil. , An electric circuit that rapidly reduces the current flowing through the armature coil by charging and holding the magnetic energy accumulated by the armature coil through a diode into a small-capacity capacitor, and keeps the magnetic energy at a set angle. When the body rotor is rotated and the armature coil to be energized next is energized by the width by the position detection signal, the energization is started, and at the same time, it is stored in the small capacity capacitor. The electrostatic energy thus generated is caused to flow into the armature coil, and the electric circuit is configured by an electric circuit that makes the rise of the energization current rapid. Second Means In a reluctance type electric motor of three-phase one-wave conduction, n (n is a positive integer of 2 or more) first salient poles arranged at the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic rotor at equal intervals and equal separation angles. And 3n second salient poles arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic body rotor that rotates in synchronization with the magnetic body rotor in synchronization with an equal width and an equal separation angle, and the inner periphery of the cylindrical fixed armature. To the fixed armature, and 3n slots arranged at equal spacing angles to the section, 3n first-, second-, and third-phase electronic coils installed in two adjacent slots, respectively. At least n magnetic poles having a predetermined width and protruding from the inner peripheral portions of the juxtaposed cylindrical magnetic bodies at equal spacing angles, the exciting coils mounted on these magnetic poles, and the first and second salient poles, respectively. The fixed armature inner peripheral surface and the magnetic pole of the cylindrical magnetic body through a slight gap. And a means for holding the first salient pole, and detecting the rotational position of the first salient pole to detect the position detection signal of the first phase separated from each other by 240 degrees with an electrical angle width of 120 degrees, and from these, the phase is 120 electrical degrees. A position detecting device which can obtain a position detecting signal of the second phase which is delayed and a position detecting signal of the third phase which is 120 ° in phase in terms of an electrical angle, and the first, second and third phases Semiconductor switching elements serially connected to the armature coil and the exciting coil, a DC power supply for supplying series connection of the armature coil and the exciting coil to the semiconductor switching element, and first, second, third An energization control circuit for energizing the armature coil by electrically connecting the semiconductor switching elements connected in series to the armature coils of the first, second, and third phases via the position detection signals of the respective phases by the width of the position detection signals. And the second An electric circuit that energizes the exciting coil from the point where the salient pole enters the magnetic pole facing the second salient pole by the position detection signal obtained by detecting the position of the pole, and cuts off the energization at the point where the two salient poles face each other. , When the semiconductor switching element is converted to non-conduction at the end of the position detection signal, the magnetic energy accumulated by the armature coil via the diode is transferred from the connection point between the semiconductor switching element and the armature coil to a small capacity. Position detection is performed by the electric circuit that rapidly charges the current flowing through the armature coil by charging and holding it in the capacitor, and the armature coil that is energized next by the magnetic rotor rotating by the set angle. When the signal is energized for that width, at the same time when the energization is started, the electrostatic energy accumulated in the small-capacity capacitor is caused to flow into the armature coil, In the electric circuit that makes the rise of the electric current rapid, the energization current control circuit that keeps the energization of the excitation coil at a value corresponding to the energization current of the armature coil, and the ripple torque concave portion of the output torque due to the energization of the armature coil It is configured by means for adjusting the relative position of the member that generates the torque so that the protrusions of the ripple torque due to the energization of the exciting coil are matched.

[0004]

In the reluctance type motor, the inductance is large because the magnetic paths of the armature core and the salient poles of the rotor are almost closed by the energization of the armature coil. Therefore, the initial rise of the energization of the armature coil is delayed, and the current drop is extended when the energization is cut off.
Therefore, there is a drawback that high speed rotation is impossible. This drawback is aggravated when a high-output electric motor is used. In the device of the present invention,
When the energization of the armature coil is cut off, the small-capacity capacitor is charged with the magnetic energy of the armature coil to cause a rapid current drop, and the high voltage of the capacitor is used to energize the armature coil next. The rise of electricity is rapid.
Therefore, a high-output electric motor, that is, an electric motor having a large diameter and a large number of salient poles can be rotated at high speed.

Second Action Since all the salient poles of the rotor contribute to the output torque without stopping, a large output torque can be obtained. Third Action Since all the salient poles of the rotor are magnetically attracted radially outward, vibration is prevented.

Fourth Action If the above-mentioned second action is constructed, the following drawback occurs. That is, as will be described later with reference to FIG. 10, a large ripple torque corresponding to the magnetic pole width is generated. In the device of the present invention, a device having an output torque curve having a protrusion of the ripple torque at the position of the recess of the ripple torque is added to flatten the output torque, thereby eliminating the above-mentioned drawbacks.

[0007]

EXAMPLES Next, details of the apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to examples. Since the members with the same symbols in each drawing are the same members, duplicate description will be omitted. In FIG. 2, a cylindrical fixed armature 16 is fixed inside the outer casing 9. Fixed armature 1
6 is made by a well-known means in which silicon steel plates are laminated. Six slots are arranged on this inner peripheral surface at equal spacing angles, and an armature coil is wound and mounted in each slot. Armature coils are wound around the slots 17a and 17b, and are mounted in two slots separated by 120 electrical degrees. All subsequent angle displays shall be electrical angles. Armature coils are also wound around the slots 17b and 17c and the slots 17c and 17d, respectively. The other armature coils have the same structure and are wound and mounted in the adjacent slots. The rotating shaft 5 is rotatably supported by the bearings on both sides of the outer casing 9,
The magnetic rotor 1 is fixed to this. The rotor 1 is made of a silicon steel plate laminated body like the fixed armature 16. On the outer circumference of the rotor 1, salient poles 1 spaced 180 degrees apart with a width of 180 degrees
a and 1b are provided so as to project, and the outer circumference faces the magnetic poles 16a, 16b, ... Through a gap of about 0.5 mm.

A developed view of FIG. 2 is shown in FIG. The left side of the dotted line B is a development view of FIG. The rotor is shown as symbol 1 and the fixed armature as symbol 16. In FIG. 3, the armature coil wound around the slots 17a and 17b can be represented as the lowermost armature coil 9a. Slots 17b, 1
The armature coil wound around 7c can be represented as armature coil 9c. Similarly, the other armature coils have the symbol 9e,
It can be displayed as 9b, 9d, and 9f. Armature coil 9
a and 9b are connected in series and supplied from terminals 8a and 8d. Armature coils 9c and 9d and armature coils 9e and 9
f is also connected in series, and terminals 8b and 8e and terminal 8 are
Power is supplied from c and 8f. The armature coils are separated by 120 degrees, and the armature coils 9a and 9b and the armature coils 9c and 9 are separated.
d and armature coils 9e and 9f are armature coils of the first, second and third phases, respectively. When the rotor 1 moves to the left by 120 degrees and is stopped, when the first-phase armature coils 9a and 9b are energized, the salient poles 1a and 1b become magnetic poles 16
It is magnetically attracted by a and 16d and rotates in the direction of arrow A. When the armature coils 9c and 9d (the second-phase armature coils) are energized, the energization is stopped when rotated by 120 degrees, and the energization is further rotated to the right. When the armature coils 9e and 9f of the phase are energized, they further rotate to the right. As can be seen from the above description, when the first, second, and third phase armature coils are sequentially energized for a section of 120 degrees, the rotor 1 rotates in the direction of arrow A and is a three-phase single-wave reluctance type. Become an electric motor.

A salient pole 1c can be added to form a three salient pole. In this case, the dotted line B moves 360 degrees to the right.
The number of salient poles can be two or more salient poles, and the output torque increases proportionally. In the case of the electric motor of FIG.
Although there are six salient poles 1a, 1b, ..., Two are effective for output torque. According to the means of the present invention, since the output torque can be obtained from the six salient poles, the output torque can be tripled. In the case of the conventional electric motor shown in FIG. 1, the salient pole 1
The fixed armature 16 applies a magnetic attraction force to the arrow 4- by a and 1e.
When it is received and deformed in the directions of 1, 4-4 and rotated by 120 degrees, it is deformed by the attraction force in the directions of arrows 4-2 and 4-5 by the salient poles 1b, 1f, and when it is rotated by 120 degrees next, the arrow 4
It is deformed by the suction force in the directions of -3 and 4-6. Therefore, the fixed armature 16 has a drawback that the direction of deformation changes with rotation and generates vibration. In the device of the present invention, since the attractive force is simultaneously generated in all the salient poles, the fixed armature 16 only produces a compressive force in the same circumferential direction and is not deformed. Therefore, there is an effect that vibration is suppressed. The polarities of the magnetic poles magnetized by the armature coil are magnetized so that the magnetic poles located at axially symmetrical positions in FIG. 2 have different polarities.

Next, the energization control means of the armature coil driven by the fixed armature 16 facing the rotor 1 of FIG. 3 will be described. The armature coils 9a and 9b of FIG. 3 are replaced by armature coils 39a, armature coils 9c and 9d, armature coils 9e,
9f are called armature coils 39b and 39c, respectively. The rotor 3 of FIG. 3 is configured to rotate coaxially with the rotor 1 and is made of a conductor such as aluminum. The salient poles 3a, 3b, 3c ... Have a width of 180 degrees and rotate in the illustrated relative phase. Coils 10a, 10b, 10
c is a position detecting element for detecting the positions of the salient poles 3a, 3b, ..., Fixed to the armature 16 side at the position shown in the drawing, and the coil surface has a gap on the side surface of the salient poles 3a, 3b ,. Are facing through. The coils 10a, 10b, 10c are separated by 120 degrees. The coil is an air-core coil with a diameter of 5 mm and about 30 turns. In FIG. 6, the coils 10a, 10
b and 10c, a device for obtaining a position detection signal is shown. In FIG. 6, a coil 10a, resistors 15a, 1
5b and 15c form a bridge circuit, and are adjusted so as to be balanced when not facing the coil 10a or the salient poles 3a, 3b, .... Therefore, the diode 11a, the capacitor 12a and the diode 11b, the capacitor 1
The outputs of the low-pass filters composed of 2b are equal, and the output of the operational amplifier 13 is at a low level. Reference numeral 10 is an oscillator, which oscillates about 2 megacycles. Coil 1
When 0a faces the salient poles 3a, 3b, ..., Impedance decreases due to copper loss, so that the voltage drop of the resistor 15a becomes large and the output of the operational amplifier 13 becomes high level.

The input of the block circuit 18 is the time chart curves 45a, 45b, ... Of FIG. 12, and the input through the inversion circuit 13a is the inversion of the curves 45a, 45b ,. Block circuits 14a and 14b of FIG.
Shows the same configuration as the above-mentioned block circuit including the coils 10b and 10c, respectively. Oscillator 1
0 can be commonly used. Block circuit 14a
Of the block circuit 18 and the output of the inverting circuit 13b.
, And their output signals are the inversions of the curves 46a, 46b, ... And the curves 46a, 46b ,. The output of the block circuit 14b and the output of the inverting circuit 13c are input to the block circuit 18,
These output signals are represented by curves 47a, 4 in FIG.
7b, ... And the reverse of this. Curve 45a,
The phases of the curves 46a, 46b, ... Are delayed by 120 degrees with respect to 45b, ..., And the phases of the curves 47a, 47b ,.
The block circuit 18 is a circuit commonly used in a control circuit of a three-phase Y-type semiconductor motor, and is a rectangular wave electric signal having a width of 120 degrees from the terminals 18a, 18b, ..., 18f by the input of the position detection signal described above. Is a logic circuit that can be obtained. The outputs of the terminals 18a, 18b, 18c are as shown in FIG.
Curves 49a, 49b, ..., Curves 50a, 50, respectively
b, ..., Curves 51a, 51b ,.
The outputs of the terminals 18d, 18e, and 18f are the curves 5 respectively.
1a, 51b, ..., Curves 52a, 52b, ..., Curve 53
are shown as a, 53b, .... It is possible to obtain the signals of the lower six stages from the signals of the upper three stages of the time chart. For example, in order to obtain the curves 51a, 51b, ..., The following means are adopted. Curves 45a, 45b, ... And curve 47
The outputs of the AND circuit having the curves obtained by inverting a, 47b, ... As two inputs become the curves 51a, 51b ,. Terminal 1
The phase difference between the output signals of 8a and 18d, the output signals of terminals 18b and 18e, and the output signals of terminals 18c and 18f is 60 degrees. The output signals of the terminals 18a, 18b, 18c are sequentially delayed by 120 degrees, and the output signals of the terminals 18d, 18e, 18f are also sequentially delayed by 120 degrees.

The energizing means of the armature coil will be described below with reference to FIG. Transistors 20a, 20b and 20 are provided at both ends of the armature coils 39a, 39b and 39c, respectively.
c, 20d and 20e, 20f are inserted. The transistors 20a, 20b, 20c, ... Are switching elements and may be other semiconductor elements having the same effect. Power is supplied from the DC power source positive / negative terminals 2a and 2b. When an input signal on the lower side of the AND circuit 41a is at high level and a high-level electric signal is input from the terminal 42a, the transistors 20a and 20b become conductive and the armature coil 39a is energized. Similarly, the terminals 42b, 42
When a high-level electric signal is input from c, the transistors 20c and 20d and the transistors 20e and 20f become conductive, and the armature coils 39b and 39c are energized.
The terminal 40 is a reference voltage for designating the exciting current. The output torque can be changed by changing the voltage of the terminal 40. When a power switch (not shown) is turned on, the input of the negative terminal of the operational amplifier 40b is lower than that of the positive terminal, so the output of the operational amplifier 40b becomes high level, the transistors 20a and 20b become conductive, and the voltage is changed to the armature coil. 39a is applied to the energization control circuit. The resistor 22a is a resistor for detecting the exciting current of the armature coil 39a. Symbol 30a is an absolute value circuit.

The input signal of the terminal 42a is the position detection signals 48a, 48b ... In FIG. 12, and the input signal of the terminals 42b, 42c is the position detection signals 49a, 49b ,.
0b, ... 1 of the position detection signal curve described above
One is shown as a curve 48a in the first stage of the time chart of FIG. The width of this curve 48a is the armature coil 3
9a is energized. The arrow 23a indicates a conduction angle of 120 degrees. In the initial stage of energization, the rise is delayed due to the inductance of the armature coil, and when the energization is cut off, the stored magnetic energy causes the diodes 21a and 21b to turn on when the diode 49a-1 of FIG. 8 is removed. Since it is refluxed to the power supply via the
Descends like the second half of. Since the section where the positive torque is generated is the section of 180 degrees indicated by the arrow 23, the counter torque is generated and the output torque and the efficiency are reduced. At high speeds, this phenomenon becomes extremely large and unusable.

This is because the time width of anti-torque generation does not change even at high speeds, but the time width of the positive torque generation section 23 decreases in proportion to the rotation speed. The above-mentioned circumstances are the same for the energization of the armature coils 39b, 39c by the other position detection signals 49a, 50a. Since the rising of the curve 25 is delayed, the output torque is reduced. That is, a reduction torque is generated. This is because the magnetic path is closed by the magnetic poles and the salient poles, and thus has a large inductance. The reluctance type electric motor has the advantage of generating a large output torque, but has the drawback of not being able to increase the rotation speed because of the above-described generation of the counter torque and the reduced torque. A well-known means for eliminating such a drawback is to advance the phase of the salient pole before entering the magnetic pole and start energizing the armature coil.

When the phase-advancing current is applied, the inductance of the magnetic pole is remarkably small, so that it rapidly rises. However, when the point where the output torque is generated, that is, the salient pole begins to enter the magnetic pole, the inductance rapidly increases and the current also rapidly increases. Descend to. Therefore, there is a drawback that the output torque is reduced. In the case of the forward and reverse operation, there is a drawback that the number of position detecting elements is doubled. The device of the present invention is composed of diodes 49a-1, 49b-1, 49c-1 and a capacitor 47 for preventing backflow shown in FIG.
It is characterized in that the above-mentioned drawbacks are eliminated by attaching a, 47b, 47c. Curve 48
When the energization is cut off at the end of a, the magnetic energy stored in the armature coil 39a is transferred to the backflow prevention diode 49a.
-1 prevents the diode 21 from flowing back to the DC power supply side.
The capacitor 47a is charged to the polarity shown in FIG. Therefore, the magnetic energy disappears rapidly and the current drops rapidly.

The first stage curve 26 of the time chart of FIG.
Reference numerals a, 26b, and 26c are current curves flowing through the armature coil 39a, and 120 between the dotted lines 26-1 and 26-2 on both sides thereof.
It is a degree. The energizing current rapidly drops as shown by the curve 26b to prevent the generation of anti-torque, and the condenser 47a
Is charged and held at a high voltage. Next, the position signal curve 48
b causes the transistors 20a and 20b to conduct and the armature coil 39a to conduct again. The applied voltage at this time is the charging voltage of the capacitor 47a and the power supply voltage (terminal 2).
(voltages of a and 2b) are added, the armature coil 39
The current of a rises rapidly. This phenomenon causes a rapid rise as shown by the curve 26a. As described above, the generation of the reduced torque and the counter torque is eliminated, and the current is supplied in the shape of a rectangular wave, so that the output torque is increased.

Next, the chopper circuit will be described. When the current of the armature coil 39a increases and the voltage drop of the resistor 22a for detecting it increases and exceeds the voltage of the reference voltage terminal 40 (the input voltage of the + terminal of the operational amplifier 40b),
Since the input on the lower side of the AND circuit 41a becomes low level, the transistors 20a and 20b are turned off and the exciting current decreases. Due to the hysteresis characteristic of the operational amplifier 40b, the output of the operational amplifier 40b returns to the high level due to the decrease of a predetermined value, and the transistors 20a, 20
The exciting current is increased by conducting b. By repeating this cycle, the exciting current is maintained at the set value. Curve 2 in FIG.
A section indicated by 6c is a section where chopper control is performed. The height of the curve 26c is regulated by the voltage of the reference voltage terminal 40. The armature coil 39b of FIG.
Position detection signal curves 49a, 49b, ...
As a result, the transistors 20c and 20d are turned on by that width, and the operational amplifier 40c, the resistor 22b, the absolute value circuit 30b, and the AND circuit 41b perform chopper control. Diode 49b-1, capacitor 47b
The effect of is also similar to that of the armature coil 39a.
The above-mentioned circumstances are exactly the same for the armature coil 39c, and the position detection signal curves 50a, 5a of FIG.
0b, ... Are input to control the energization of the armature coil 39c. Transistors 20e, 20f, AND circuit 41c, operational amplifier 40d, resistor 22c, absolute value circuit 3
0c, the diode 49c-1, and the capacitor 47c have the same effect as the above-mentioned case.

The energization of each armature coil may be performed either at the point where the salient pole enters the magnetic pole or at a point slightly before. Adjustment is performed in consideration of the rotation speed, efficiency, and output torque, and the positions of the coils 10a, 10b, and 10c serving as position detection elements fixed to the fixed armature side are changed. As can be understood from the above description, a large output and high-speed rotation can be efficiently performed as a three-phase single-wave electric motor, so that one object of the present invention is achieved. However, since there are large ripples in the output torque, problems remain depending on the purpose of use. The present invention is characterized in that the above-mentioned problems are solved by using the three-phase dual-wave power supply.

FIG. 10 is a torque curve in the case of three-phase single wave energization. The horizontal axis shows the rotation angle of the rotor and the vertical axis shows the output torque. Curves 27a, 27b and 27c show the cases where the armature current is 1 amp, 1.5 amp and 2 amp respectively. The rotor diameter is 22 mm, the fixed armature outer diameter is 50 mm, and the length is also 50 mm. The horizontal axis is shown as the angle of rotation. The ripple torque is about 70%. The concave portion of the torque curve is the point where the end of the salient pole enters the slot. The output torque is small at the left end of the curve 27c, that is, at the point of zero degree. Therefore, when the salient pole is in the above position when the power is turned on, it becomes difficult to start. Although a large output torque can be obtained as described later with reference to FIG. 11, it has the above-mentioned drawbacks. Therefore, the three-phase full-wave energization or other means is used for the dotted curve 33.
Alternatively, by adding a device capable of obtaining the output torque indicated by 33a, the above-mentioned drawbacks are eliminated. This is one purpose of the present invention. FIG. 11 is an output torque curve, where the horizontal axis is the armature current and the vertical axis is the torque. This electric motor has the structure described above. The curve 43 initially has a square curve, and thereafter has a square curve. In the case of a general electric motor, the magnetic flux is saturated at the dotted line 43a and the
The output torque is 3a or less. In the device of the present invention, since the torque increases linearly thereafter, the torque of the other motor of the same type is
It has the characteristic that doubled output torque can be obtained.

In order to apply the torque indicated by the dotted line 33 in FIG. 10, a three-phase single-wave electric motor in which the phases of the salient poles or slots are shifted by an odd multiple of 60 degrees may be attached with a common rotating shaft. Next, the means will be described. FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing the overall structure. In FIG. 5, the outer peripheral bent portion of the circular side plate 25-2 is fitted to the right side of the metal outer casing (cylindrical) 25-1, and the ball bearings 29 provided at the central portions on both sides are fitted.
The rotary shaft 5 is rotatably supported on the a and 29b. The rotor 1 is fixed to the rotating shaft 5 via a support 5-1.
The salient poles (not shown) of the rotor 1 have the same structure as the salient poles of the rotor 1 of FIG. The shin fixed armature C whose magnetic pole faces the salient pole is fixed inside the outer casing 25-1 and has the same structure as the fixed armature 16 of FIGS. 2 and 3. On the right side surface of the rotor 1, a rotor 3 made of aluminum having a protrusion of the same outer peripheral portion is fixed and rotates in synchronization with the rotor 1. Since the coils 10a, 10b, 10c are opposed to each other on the outer peripheral portion, the position detection signal shown in FIG. 12 can be obtained as described above with reference to FIG.

The fixed armatures C and C-1 are in the same phase and the outer casing 2
The rotor 1 is fixed to 5-1 and has the same configuration as the rotor 1 and is synchronously rotated by shifting the phase relative to the salient poles of the rotor 1 by 60 degrees (rotating by 60 degrees around the axial direction). . The magnetic poles of the stationary armatures C and C-1 face the outer circumferential salient poles of the rotor via a gap. The armature coils of the magnetic poles of the fixed armature C-1 have three phases.
e, 39f. Armature coils 39d, 39e,
The position detection signals 51a, 51b, ..., 52a, 52b ,.
a, 53b, ... through armature coils 39d, 39e,
By controlling the energization of 39f, the motor can be operated as a three-phase single-wave energization motor. Fixed armature C, C-
By both of the above, the motor becomes a three-phase, dual-wave energization motor.

The above-mentioned fixed armature C-1 is shown as symbol 16 in FIG. 3, the rotor is shown as symbol 1 , and the salient poles are shown as symbols 1a , 1b , 1c , .... The salient poles 1a , 1b , 1c , ... Rotate in synchronization with the salient poles 1a, 1b, 1c ,. Even if the salient poles are in phase with each other and the phases of the fixed armatures 16 and 16 are shifted by 60 degrees, the same purpose can be achieved. Since the fixed armature 16 has the same structure as the fixed armature 16, the fixed armature 16 is shown by dotted lines. When the number of salient poles is three or more, the fixed armature is also extended corresponding to the right side of the dotted line B. By performing the three-phase full-wave energization as described above, the torque shown by the curve 33 is added to each of the concave portions of the output torque curve 27c in FIG. 10, so that the combined torque curve is flattened and the defects are eliminated. . The phase difference between the curves 27c and 33 is 60 degrees.

Next, another means for removing the ripple torque will be described with reference to FIG. Items having the same symbols as those in FIG. The only difference is that only one armature 16 and three-phase single-wave conduction are used, and one rotor is also designated by the symbol 1. The rotor 4 is made of a magnetic material and is configured to rotate coaxially with the rotor 1. The salient poles 4a, 4b, ... Are provided so as to project outward, and the salient poles are 48 degrees wide and 72 degrees apart. is doing. The fixed armature 6 is coaxially adjacent to the fixed armature 16 and is fixed inside the outer casing. Magnetic poles 6a, 6b are projected inside the fixed armature 6 and face the salient poles 4a, 4b, ... Through a gap. The stationary armature 6 and the rotor 4 are made of a silicon steel plate laminated body.
Exciting coils 6-1 and 6-2 are wound around the magnetic poles 6a and 6b and excited so that they have different polarities. Magnetic poles 6a, 6b
Has a width of 60 degrees, which is the same as the number of salient poles 1a, 1b, .... Further, the number may be twice as many as the salient poles 1a and 1b.

As in the previous embodiment, the number of salient poles 1a, 1b is increased by extending to the right of the dotted line B, and correspondingly, salient poles 4a, 4 are also provided.
.. and the number of magnetic poles 6a, 6b can be increased. The output torque curve of the fixed armature 16 and the rotor 1 becomes the curve 27c of FIG. 10 as described above, and there is a ripple torque. The torque curve formed by the salient poles 4a, 4b, ... In FIG. 4 is a curve 2 as shown by a dotted curve 33a.
Since there is a protrusion in the concave portion of 7c, the output torque is flattened. Salient poles 1a, 1b, ... And salient pole 4 in FIG.
The relative phases of a, 4b, ..., Magnetic poles 6a, 6b, and fixed armature 16 must be set so as to satisfy the conditions for removing the above-described ripple torque. Two magnetic poles can be arranged in the middle of the magnetic poles 6a and 6b. In this case, since the peak value of the torque shown by the curve 33a in FIG. 10 becomes large, the length of the magnetic poles 6a, 6b, ... Therefore, there is an effect that the length of the electric motor can be shortened. For example, the fixed armature C-1 of FIG.
Is the fixed armature 6 of FIG. 4, and the rotor 1 is the rotor 4 of FIG.
Then, the width of the arrow 29d is half of the width of the arrow 29c, so that the length in the direction of the rotary shaft 5 can be shortened. Increasing the ampere turns of the exciting coils 6-1 and 6-2 has the effect of further shortening the length.

The energization control means for the exciting coils 6-1 and 6-2 will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 8, the exciting coil 6-
1, 6-2 are connected in series or in parallel, and transistors 20g, 20h and a diode 49d-1 are provided at both ends thereof.
Are connected. The resistor 22d, the absolute value circuit 30d, the operational amplifier 40e, and the capacitor 47d have the same configuration as that of the energization control of the armature coils 39a, 39b, and 39c described above, respectively, and the same effects. The block circuit D is shown in FIG.
In the position detecting device for salient poles 4a, 4b, ..., A coil 10d for position detection having a small diameter faces the side surfaces of salient poles 4a, 4b ,. It is configured. Therefore, with the same configuration as the circuit of FIG. 6, the width of the output of the operational amplifier corresponding to the operational amplifier 13 becomes the width of the salient poles 4a, 4b, ... And this output becomes the input of the AND circuit 41d of FIG. Since the other one input is the output of the operational amplifier 40e, it becomes the energizing current of the exciting coils 6-1 and 6-2 corresponding to the voltage of the reference voltage source 40. The peak value of the torque curve due to the applied current, that is, the peak value of the dotted line 33a in FIG. 10 may be adjusted so as to remove the concave portion of the curve 27c.

In FIG. 8, energization is controlled by the transistors provided at both ends of the armature coil, but the present invention can be implemented by using only one transistor on the negative voltage side of the armature coil. This will be described with reference to FIG. Figure 9
At the lower ends of the armature coils 39a, 39b and 39c, the transistors 20a, 20b and 20c are respectively provided.
Has been inserted. Transistors 20a, 20b, 20
c is a switching element and may be another semiconductor element having the same effect. DC power supply positive / negative terminals 2a, 2b
More power is being supplied. In this embodiment, since the transistors 20a, 20b, 20c are located at the lower end of the armature coil, that is, the power supply negative electrode side, the input circuit for conduction control thereof is characterized by being simplified.

Next, details of the armature coil energization control circuit of the device of the present invention by the three-phase full-wave energization described in FIG. 3 will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 9, terminals 42a, 42b, 4
Position detection signals input from 2c are curves 48a, 48b, ..., Curves 49a, 49b, ..., Curves 50a, 50b ,. When there is an input from the terminal 42a, the transistor 20a becomes conductive through the AND circuit 41a and the energization of the armature coil 39a is started. After that, the resistor 22, the absolute value circuit 30a, and the operational amplifier 40b act as a chopper to operate the terminal 40. The energizing current value corresponding to the reference voltage is controlled. When the input to the terminal 42a disappears, the transistor 20a is turned off, and the magnetic energy of the armature coil 39a charges the capacitor 47a via the diodes 21a and 33a to a high voltage. Even when there is a chopper action as described above, the condenser 4
Since 7a is charged, its magnetic energy is added to raise the charging voltage of the capacitor 47a. This voltage must be adjusted according to the withstand voltage of the transistor used.

The input of the terminal 42b causes the transistor 2
Even when 0b is turned on, energization control is performed by the chopper action, and when it is turned off, the magnetic energy of the armature coil 39b charges the capacitor 47b to a high voltage via the diodes 21b and 33b. Even when the transistor 20c is turned on by the input of the terminal 42c, energization control is performed by the chopper action, and when the transistor 20c is turned off, the magnetic energy of the armature coil 39c increases the capacitor 47c via the diodes 21c and 33c. Charge to voltage. At the initial stage of the input of the terminal 42c, the block circuit 4
Since the transistors 34b, 34a and the SCR 19a are conducted through the output of (the circuit including the monostable circuit via the differential pulse), the high voltage of the capacitor 47a is applied to the armature coil 39c to make the rise of the current rapid. . The electric pulses obtained at the initial stage of the input of the terminals 42a and 42b are input to the terminals 19d and 19e by the same means. Therefore, the high voltage of the capacitors 47b and 47c is applied to the armature coils 39a and 39b, and the rise of energization is made rapid. As can be understood from the above description, it is possible to obtain a high-efficiency electric motor that is free from the occurrence of counter torque and torque reduction as in the previous embodiment.

The armature coils 39d, 39e, 39f are the armature coils of the first, second and third phases mounted on the fixed armature 16 of FIG. 3, and the block circuit 39 is the armature coil 3
The electric circuit has exactly the same configuration as 9a, 39b, 39c, and energization control is performed by the position detection input of terminals 42d, 42e, 42f. The inputs of the terminals 42d, 42e, 42f are the curves 51a, 51b, ..., The curves 52a, 52b, ..., The curves 53a, 53b ,. Is performed. The armature coils 39d, 39d, 39c,
Since the output torques due to the energization of e and 39f have a phase difference of 60 degrees, as described above with reference to FIGS. 3 and 10, the effect of removing the ripple torque can be obtained. The width of the salient poles 1a and 1b in FIG. 3 is 120 to 180 degrees, and the object of the present invention is achieved. In FIG. 8, the changeover switch 40
By providing a and switching to the output of the block circuit 40-1, the following operation can be performed. The block circuit 40-1 obtains a required output voltage when the rotation speed of the electric motor is a set value, and when the rotation speed of the electric motor rises or falls below the set value, the output voltage correspondingly decreases or rises and holds the set rotation speed. It is a well-known circuit that Therefore, constant speed control can be performed.

[0030]

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION First Effect The output torque is about 10 times as high as that of the induction motor of the same shape, and a rotation speed of up to about 20,000 revolutions per minute can be obtained if necessary. As compared with the well-known reluctance type electric motor shown in FIG. 1, vibration is reduced and rotation is smooth. Second effect The output torque characteristic becomes flat.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a fixed armature and a rotor of a conventional reluctance motor.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a fixed armature and a rotor of a three-phase reluctance motor according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a development view of a rotor, a fixed armature, and an armature coil of a three-phase reluctance motor according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a development view of a rotor, a fixed armature, and an armature coil of another embodiment of a three-phase reluctance motor according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the device of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an electric circuit diagram for obtaining a position detection signal of a three-phase reluctance motor.

FIG. 7 is a graph of torque corresponding to a position detection signal.

FIG. 8: Energization control circuit diagram of three-phase reluctance type motor

FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of another embodiment of an energization control circuit for a three-phase reluctance motor.

FIG. 10 is a graph of an output torque curve of a three-phase reluctance motor.

FIG. 11 is a graph of current flowing and output torque of the reluctance motor.

FIG. 12: Time chart of position detection signal curve of three-phase reluctance type electric motor

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 1a, 1b, ... Rotor and salient poles 5 Rotating shafts 9, 25-1, 25-2 Outer housing 16, 16 , 6 Fixed armatures 16a, 16b, ... Magnetic poles 17a-1, 17a-2 ,. 9a, 9b, ..., 39
a, 39b, ... armature coils 17a, 17b, ... slots 3, 1 , 4, 3a, 3b, ..., 1a , 1b , ..., 4a,
4b, ... Rotor and salient pole 10a, 10b, 10c Position detection coil 6,6a, 6b Fixed armature and magnetic pole C, C-1 Fixed armature 10 Oscillator 18, 14a, 14b Block circuit 30a, 30b, 30c, 30d Absolute value circuit 40-1, D, 39 Block circuit 6-1, 6-2 Excitation coil 40 Reference voltage terminal

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. In a reluctance type electric motor of three-phase dual-wave conduction, n (n is a positive integer of 2 or more) arranged at both sides of an outer peripheral surface of a magnetic rotor with an equal width and an equal separation angle. The first and second salient poles, the 3n slots arranged at an equal spacing angle on the inner peripheral portion of the cylindrical first fixed armature, and the two adjacent slots are mounted respectively. The 3n first, second, and third phase armature coils and the first fixed armature have exactly the same configuration, and the slot has a phase of an electrical angle of 1
A second fixed armature to which armature coils of the first , second , and third phases are attached, which are sequentially shifted by 20 degrees, and first and second
By shifting the relative positions of the slots of the fixed armature of the first, second, and third phase armature coils and the corresponding first , second ,
The relative positions of the armature coils of the third phase are arranged so as to be shifted by an odd multiple of 60 degrees in electrical angle, or these are in phase and the positions of the first salient pole and the second salient pole facing each other are set. The means arranged to be displaced by an odd multiple of 60 degrees and the rotational position of the first salient pole are detected to have an electrical angle of 120 degrees in a mutual range of 24 degrees.
A position detection signal of the first phase separated by 0 degree, a position detection signal of the second phase whose phase is 120 degrees away from these by an electrical angle, and a third phase phase detection signal which is 120 degrees away from this by a phase of electrical angle Position detection signals and phase detection signals of the first, second, and third phases whose phase is an odd multiple of 60 electrical degrees, respectively, can be obtained from the position detection signals of 1st , 2nd , and 3rd phases. Position detection device, first, second, third, first , first
2 , a semiconductor switching element connected in series to each of the armature coils of the third phase, a DC power supply for supplying the series connection body of the armature coil and the semiconductor switching, first, second, third, first, second, first via respective position detection signals of the third phase, the second, third, first, second, third
An energization control circuit that energizes the armature coil by energizing the armature coil by conducting the semiconductor switching element connected in series to the armature coil of phase No. 1 and the semiconductor switching element is turned off at the end of the position detection signal. At this time, from the connection point between the semiconductor switching element and the armature coil, the magnetic energy accumulated by the armature coil is charged into and held by the small-capacity capacitor via the diode, and the current is supplied to the armature coil. When the magnetic rotor rotates by the set angle and the armature coil to be energized next time is energized by the width by the position detection signal, the energization is started. At the same time, the electrostatic energy stored in the above-mentioned small-capacity capacitor is made to flow into the armature coil to make the rise of the energizing current rapid. 3-phase reluctance type motor characterized in that it is more configuration and circuit. 2. In a reluctance type electric motor of three-phase single-wave energization, n first protrusions (n is a positive integer of 2 or more) arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic rotor with an equal width and an equal separation angle. Of the pole, the 3n second salient poles arranged at the same angle as the outer periphery of the magnetic rotor that rotates in synchronization with the magnetic rotor, and the cylindrical fixed armature. 3n slots arranged at equal intervals around the circumference, and 3n first, second, and third slots mounted in two adjacent slots, respectively.
The third-phase armature coil and at least n magnetic poles of a predetermined width and attached to the inner circumference of the cylindrical magnetic body juxtaposed to the fixed armature are projected at equal spacing angles. An exciting coil, a means for holding each of the first and second salient poles so as to face the inner peripheral surface of the fixed armature and the magnetic pole of the cylindrical magnetic body through a slight gap, and a first salient pole. The rotation position of each of them is detected, and they are separated from each other by 120 degrees in electrical angle.
The position detection signal of the first phase separated by 40 degrees, the position detection signal of the second phase which is 120 degrees in electrical angle behind them, and the third phase which is 120 degrees in electrical angle behind them Position detection device that obtains the position detection signal, a semiconductor switching element connected in series to each of the first, second, and third phase armature coils and the excitation coil, and each of the armature coil and the excitation coil. A DC power supply for supplying power to the series connection body of the semiconductor switching elements and series connection to the armature coils of the first, second and third phases respectively via the position detection signals of the first, second and third phases. The semiconductor switching element is opposed to the second salient pole by an energization control circuit that conducts the armature coil by energizing the armature coil for the width of the position detection signal and a position detection signal obtained by detecting the position of the second salient pole. The salient pole on the magnetic pole An electric circuit that energizes the exciting coil from the point of intrusion and cuts off the energization at a point where they both face each other, and when the semiconductor switching element is converted to non-conduction at the end of the position detection signal, the semiconductor switching element and the armature coil From the connection point of, the electric energy accumulated by the armature coil via the diode flows into the small-capacity capacitor and is charged and held, thereby setting the electric circuit that makes the current flowing through the armature coil drop rapidly. When the magnetic rotor rotates by a certain angle and the armature coil to be energized next time is energized for that width by the position detection signal, the energization is started and at the same time it is accumulated in the above-mentioned small capacity capacitor. The electrostatic energy that flows into the armature coil to make the rise of the energizing current rapid and the energization of the exciting coil described above. Of a member that generates torque so that the concave portion of the ripple torque of the output torque due to the energization of the armature coil matches the protrusion of the ripple torque due to the energization of the excitation coil. A three-phase reluctance type electric motor comprising a means for adjusting a relative position.