JP2745412B2 - Reluctance motor whose output torque is directly proportional to the exciting current - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial application field] Servo motors and other conventional motors are used for the same purpose as those having a relatively large output.

[Conventional technology]

Although there is no technology of the same type, technologies having similar purposes are described in JP-A-61-161983 and JP-A-61-161985.

[Problems to be solved by the present invention]

 The first issue.

The graph shown in FIG. 1 shows the curves of the energizing current and the output torque of a well-known reluctance motor.

Vertical shaft is output torque, horizontal shaft is energizing current (exciting current)
The curves 2a and 2b are obtained when the output is about 500 to 1000 watts.

Until the exciting current is 2 amperes and the output torque is about 1.5 kilogram centimeters, the output torque increases in the power-law curve, as shown by curve 2a. If it increases beyond this, the output torque increases linearly, as shown by curve 2b. The current value at the boundary point between the curves 2a and 2b is referred to as the excitation current value at the saturation point. Or, it is referred to as a saturation point ampere-turn.

According to actual measurements, the magnetic flux of the magnetic pole has a value close to saturation at the ampere turn at the saturation point. However, this is when the gap between the magnetic pole and the salient pole is about 0.15 mm.

In the section between the curves 2a and 2b, the inductance of the exciting coil is significantly different. The inductance of the former section is significantly smaller than the latter. Therefore, when performing servo control,
There is a problem that the difference in servo characteristics is large and precise servo action becomes difficult.

When performing servo control, constant speed control, or high-speed control described later, it is necessary to perform control by a chopper circuit for controlling the exciting current.

However, when the difference between the inductances is large, there is a problem that it is impossible to use the same chopper circuit in the sections 2a and 2b.

Second problem In the section 2a in FIG. 1, the inductance is large, and the magnetic energy stored in the exciting coil is very large. The magnetic energy is released to become an exciting current. Therefore, this becomes anti-torque.

For the above reasons, there is a problem that the torque is high but the speed is low, the range of use is limited, and it cannot be used in place of a known DC motor.

Third Problem A reluctance motor has many times as many magnetic poles and salient poles as a general DC motor. Also, the amount of magnetic flux is large.

Therefore, the number of times that magnetic flux is generated and extinguished during rotation is large, and the amount of magnetic flux at one time is also large. Therefore, there is a problem that iron loss is large and efficiency is deteriorated.

When the output is 1 kilowatt or less, the efficiency is reduced to 70% or less, and there is a problem that practicality is lost.

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to generate an output torque, a plurality of phases of exciting coils are wound around each magnetic pole. These are called the first group of exciting coils.

A second group of excitation coils is wound around each magnetic pole of the first group of excitation coils. For example, symbols 17a and 17 in FIG.
are excitation coils of a first group, and symbols 18a, 18b, ... are excitation coils of a second group.

A constant current is supplied from the DC power supply to the second group of exciting coils, and the ampere turn is the ampere turn at the above-mentioned saturation point.

The above-mentioned constant current is supplied to the second group of excitation coils, and the first group of excitation coils is supplied to the first group of excitation coils in accordance with a set sequence in accordance with a set order to obtain an output torque.

The energizing direction of the second group of exciting coils is such that a magnetic flux in the same direction as the corresponding first group of exciting coils is generated.
The excitation coils of the group are connected in series, and a DC power supply conducts an ampere-turn at a saturation point.

By the above means, the first, second and third problems are solved.

The object of the present invention can be achieved by another means for removing a second group of exciting coils and supplying a constant current to the first group of exciting coils from an electrically independent DC power supply.

The above-mentioned constant current is a current that becomes an ampere-turn at the saturation point. The energizing direction is the same as the energizing direction because an output torque is generated by each exciting coil.

[Action]

Since the second group of exciting coils is energized, the magnetic flux of each magnetic pole is near saturation.

Accordingly, since the section of the curve 2a in FIG. 1 is operated with being removed, there is no large change in the inductance of the first group of exciting coils.

Therefore, there is an operation to solve the first problem. That is, the servo action is facilitated, and the chopping action of the constant speed control is also facilitated.

Since the inductance is small, high-speed rotation can be achieved. Since the high speed can be achieved while maintaining the high torque characteristics of the reluctance motor, the second problem can be solved. The iron loss due to the cycle of energization and stoppage of the first group of excitation coils decreases in the section of the curve 2b because the inductance is small, and has an effect of solving the third problem.

Further, since the second group of exciting coils are connected in series, each magnetic pole generates an induced voltage during rotation.
Since these cancel each other out, the supplied current becomes a constant current and does not affect the output torque.

The induced voltage due to the positive / reverse torque generated by the leakage magnetic flux to the other magnetic poles of the excitation magnetic poles of the first group of excitation coils also cancels out due to the series connection, and the current supplied to the second group of excitation coils is reduced to the set value. Retained can achieve the purpose.

Since the output torque obtained by the first group of exciting coils is in the section of the curve 2b in FIG. 1, the torque characteristics are the same as those of a general DC motor, and the operation of controlling the exciting current is facilitated.

The power consumption of the second group of exciting coils is relatively small, as will be described later, has little effect on efficiency, and has an effect that does not pose a practical problem.

The second group of excitation coils is removed, leaving only the first group of coils. Each excitation coil is connected to an electrically independent DC power source (7th
(E) and (f), power is supplied via a constant current circuit so as to make an ampere-turn at the saturation point.

Therefore, the torque due to the energization of the exciting coil for generating the output torque is in the section of the curve 2b in FIG. 1, and has the same effect as in the case where the second group of exciting coils is added.

〔Example〕

Next, the details of the embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Elements having the same reference numerals in the drawings are the same members, and thus duplicated description will be omitted.

Examples of two-phase and three-phase reluctance motors in which the present invention is implemented are shown in FIG.
Phase ones are shown in FIG. 3 (b). Next, the two-phase reluctance motor will be described.

In FIG. 3A, the annular portion 16 and the magnetic poles 16a, 16b,.
Is made by known means of laminating and solidifying silicon steel sheets,
The armature is fixed to an outer casing (not shown). Reference numeral 16 denotes a magnetic core that forms a magnetic path.

Excitation coils 17a, 17b are wound around the magnetic poles 16a, 16b. Other excitation coils are omitted and not shown.

A rotating shaft 8 is rotatably supported by a bearing provided on the outer casing, and the rotor 1 is fixed to the rotating shaft 8.

Are provided on the outer periphery of the rotor 1 and face the magnetic poles 16a, 16b,... With a gap of about 0.15 mm. The rotor 1 is also made by the same means as the armature 16.

The exciting coil 18a is wound around the same magnetic pole as the exciting coil 17a, and the exciting coil 18b is wound around the same magnetic pole as the exciting coil 17b. The other magnetic poles have the same configuration, and two exciting coils are provided.

FIG. 4 (a) is a development view of FIG. 3 (a).

In FIG. 4 (a), the number of salient poles is 10, and they have the same width and the same separation angle. The width of each of the magnetic poles 16a, 16b,... Is equal to the width of the salient pole, and eight magnetic poles are arranged with the same pitch.

When the exciting coils 17b, 17f, 17c, 17g are energized, the salient poles 1b,
1g, 1e and 1h are sucked and rotated in the direction of arrow A-1.

When rotated by 90 degrees, the energization of the excitation coils 17b and 17f is stopped, and the excitation coils 17d and 17h are energized, so that torque is generated by the salient poles 1d and 1i. The arrow 14a is 90
Magnetic poles 16b and 16c are N poles,
The magnetic poles 16f and 16g are S poles. This magnetization of the magnetism is to reduce the anti-torque due to the leakage of the magnetic flux.

During the next 90-degree rotation, that is, between the arrows 14b, the magnetic poles have the N and S polarities shown. The display of 0 indicates a non-excitation type.

Next 90 degree rotation, the next 90 degree rotation is arrows 14c, 14d
Magnetized between the magnets.

By the above-described excitation, the rotor 1 rotates in the direction of arrow A-1 to become a two-phase electric motor.

 The width between the magnetic poles is 1.5 times the salient pole width.

Further, since the space for mounting the exciting coil is large, a thick winding can be used, and there is an effect that copper loss is reduced and efficiency is increased.

Since a reluctance motor does not have a field magnet, it is necessary to increase the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic poles up to the magnetic flux. Therefore, the large space between the magnetic poles is important.

In the device of the present invention, since the exciting coils 18a, 18b,..., 18h are added, it is particularly necessary to have the above-mentioned space.

The number of salient poles in FIG. 4 (a) is ten, which is larger than that of the conventional type. Accordingly, a counter torque is generated due to the discharge of the magnetic energy accumulated in each magnetic pole by excitation, and the output torque is increased, but the rotational speed is reduced and the problem remains, and the device cannot be put to practical use. However, according to the means of the present invention, the above-mentioned disadvantages are eliminated, and only the effect of increasing the output torque is added.

Further, as described above with reference to FIG. 1, since the section of the curve 2a can be eliminated, the large inductance of the exciting coil eliminates the disadvantage of the reluctance type that outputs a high torque but operates at a low speed. A high-torque, high-speed electric motor can be obtained.

Next, a means for obtaining a position detection signal will be described with reference to FIG.

As shown in FIG. 4 (a), the coils 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b face the side surfaces of the salient poles 1a, 1b,. Loss, and the loss is large), the impedance of the coil is reduced.

The coils 8a and 8b are separated by 180 degrees, and the coils 9a and 9b are
8b, they are 90 degrees apart.

The coil has a diameter of 5 mm and an air core of about 100 turns.

FIG. 2A shows a device for obtaining a position detection signal from the coils 8a and 8b. In FIG. 2 (a),
The coils 8a and 8b and the resistors 15a and 15b form a bridge circuit. Reference numeral 7 denotes an oscillation circuit whose output frequency is about 1 to 5 megacycles.

The coils 8a and 8b are air-core coils and are fixed to the fixed armature side. When the coils 8a and 8b face the salient poles 1a, 1b,... In FIG. The voltage drop of the resistor 15b increases.

The voltage drop of the resistor 15a smoothed by the low-pass filter including the capacitor 12a and the diode 11a is input to the + terminal of the operational amplifier 13.

The output of the resistor 15b by the low-pass filter including the capacitor 12b and the diode 11b is input to the negative terminal of the operational amplifier 13.

Since the operational amplifiers 13 and 13b are connected to linear amplifiers,
The output of terminal 13a is as follows.

In the graph of FIG. 6, the coil 8 is provided on both sides of the salient pole 1b.
When a and 8b face each other, since the voltage drops of the resistors 15a and 15b in FIG. 2 are equal, the output of the terminal 13a is at the ground level. When the salient pole 1b in FIG. 6 moves in the direction of arrow A-1, the input at the + terminal of the operational amplifier 13 decreases and the input at the-terminal increases, so that the output at the terminal 13a is held at the ground level.

Since the input at the + terminal of the operational amplifier 13b increases and the input at the-terminal decreases, the output at the terminal 13c increases.

When the coil 8b completely faces the salient pole 1b, the coil 8a is completely separated from the salient pole 1b. At this time, the output of the terminal 13c becomes maximum, and thereafter, this value is held.

When the center of the coil 8b faces the left end of the salient pole 1b, the output of the terminal 13c is at the ground level because the center of the coil 8a faces the right end of the salient pole 1a.

Next, when the salient pole 1a moves in the direction of the arrow A-1, the coil 8a completely faces the salient pole 1a, so that the output of the terminal 13a increases and the output of the terminal 13c is maintained at the ground level. .

As described above, as the rotor 1 rotates,
The output of the terminals 13a and 13c alternates every 180 degrees, and the output is as shown by a curve 24 in FIG.

The rising and falling portions at both ends of the curve 24 gradually increase and decrease, but the degree can be freely selected by changing the diameter of the coils 8a and 8b.

When the amplification degree of the operational amplifiers 13 and 13b is increased, the position detection signal becomes a rectangular wave. In the embodiment of the electric motor of the present invention,
The rectangular wave position detection signal described above is used.

 The reluctance motor has the following disadvantages.

As shown by the dotted line curve 42 in the time chart of FIG. 9A, the torque is remarkably large at the initial stage when the salient poles start to oppose the magnetic poles, and becomes small at the end stage. Therefore, there is a disadvantage that the combined torque also includes a large ripple torque. The following means is effective for removing such a defect.

FIG. 5 illustrates a state where a magnetic attraction force is generated between the salient pole 1a and the magnetic pole 16a.

The width of the salient pole 1a (width in the vertical direction in the drawing) is larger than the width of the magnetic pole 16a. Since the other salient poles and magnetic poles have the same configuration, the output torque of salient pole 1a and magnetic pole 16a will be described.

The torque for driving the salient pole 1a in the direction of arrow A-1 is indicated by arrow J
And the magnetic flux indicated by the dotted arrow. This size is salient pole 1a
When the facing area of the magnetic pole 16a is small, that is, large at the beginning,
It becomes smaller at the end. Therefore, the output torque is asymmetric. For example, a curve 42 in FIG. 9A is obtained. However, the lines of magnetic force indicated by the arrows K and L are small at the beginning and large at the end, so that the torque is larger at the end than at the beginning of opposition.

Accordingly, the output torque curve becomes substantially symmetrical, and becomes a curve indicated by a dotted line 42a in FIG. 9 (a).

Since the same means is employed between the other salient poles and the magnetic poles, the output torque is also symmetric. This has the effect of reducing the ripple of the combined torque. Furthermore, when the second group of exciting coils is energized with a constant current, the positive torque and the counter torque due to the generated magnetic flux cancel each other out, without affecting the output torque of the motor, and therefore the first group of exciting coils is not affected. There is an effect that only the output torque by the coil can be obtained.

 Further, there are the following disadvantages.

When the excitation coil is energized by 180 degrees, the excitation current curve becomes a curve 46 in FIG. 9 (a).

At the beginning of energization, the current value is small due to the inductance of the armature coil, and the central portion is further reduced due to the back electromotive force. At the end of the period, the back electromotive force is small, so that it rises rapidly and becomes as shown by a curve 46. The peak value at the end of this period is equal to the current value at startup. In this section, since there is no output torque, there is only a joule loss, and there is a disadvantage that the efficiency is greatly reduced. Since the curve 46 has a width of 180 degrees, the magnetic energy is discharged as shown by a dotted line 46a, which becomes a counter torque, and the efficiency is further deteriorated.

Further, there are the following disadvantages. When the output torque is increased, that is, when the number of salient poles and the number of magnetic poles is increased and the exciting current is increased, there is a disadvantage that the rotation speed is significantly reduced.

In general, in a reluctance motor, it is necessary to increase the number of magnetic poles and salient poles in FIG.
At this time, if the rotation speed is held at a required value, FIG.
The magnetic energy accumulated in the magnetic poles 16a, 16b,... Makes the rising slope of the exciting current relatively gentle, and the time during which the discharge current disappears due to the magnetic energy is relatively prolonged even when the current is cut off. Therefore, a large anti-torque is generated.

Under such circumstances, the peak value of the exciting current value becomes small and a counter torque is also generated, so that the rotation speed becomes a small value.

Next, an example in which the motor shown in the development of FIG. 4A is driven by the position detection signal of FIG. 2A will be described.

In the time chart of FIG. 9 (c), the coils 8a, 8
b, the output of the terminals 13a, 13c
a, 70b,... and curves 73a, 73b,. In this case, the configuration is such that a rectangular wave output can be obtained.

Assuming that the coils 9a and 9b are used instead of the coils 8a and 8b in FIG. 2 (a), the output signals thereof are represented by curves 72a, 72b,.
b, ...

The curves 70a, 70b, ... and the curves 72a, 72b, ... have a phase difference of 90 degrees.

The circuit shown in FIG. 7A is used as an energization control circuit for the exciting coils 17a, 17b,.

In FIG. 7 (a), electric signals of curves 70a, 70b,... And 73a, 73b,... Of FIG. 9 (c) are input to terminals 55a, 55b, respectively. , And the electric signals of the curves 69a, 69b, ... are input.

The excitation coils G are the excitation coils 17a and 17e shown in FIG.
And the exciting coil H are a series connected body of the exciting coils 17c and 17g.

The exciting coil R is a series connection of the exciting coils 17d and 17h,
The exciting coil S is a series connection of the exciting coils 17b and 17f.

The above-described excitation coils are referred to as a first group of excitation coils. The first group of excitation coils is an excitation coil that generates an output torque when energized.

The excitation coils are excitation coils wound around the same magnetic poles as the excitation coils G and H, respectively, and show the excitation coils 18a and 18e and 18c and 18g in FIG. 4 (a), which are connected in series.

The excitation coils are excitation coils wound around the same magnetic poles as the excitation coils R and S, respectively, and represent the excitation coils 18d and 18h and 18b and 18f, which are respectively connected in series.

The excitation coils are referred to as a second group of excitation coils.

The second group of exciting coils are connected in series with each other, and a set current is passed through the DC power supply positive and negative electrodes 4a and 3b.

The symbol M is a constant current circuit, but is not always necessary if the applied voltage is constant.

When the second group of excitation coils is not energized, the circuit of FIG. 7A performs well-known energization control. This case will be described below.

The position detection signals of the terminals 55a and 55d (curve 70 in FIG. 9 (c))
a, 69b), the transistors 6a, 6d conduct, and the exciting coils G, S conduct.

When rotated by 90 degrees, the input to the terminal 55d is cut off, the electric signal of the curve 72a is input from the terminal 55c, the transistor 6b is turned on, and the exciting coils G and R are energized.

When rotated further 90 degrees, the input to terminal 55a is cut off,
The electric signal of the curve 73a is input from 5b, and the transistor 6c
Are conducted, and the exciting coil H is energized.

The energization described above is cyclically repeated as the excitation coils S, G → G, R → R, H → H, S →, and the motor is driven as a two-phase reluctance motor.

The exciting current curves of the first group of exciting coils corresponding to the position detection signal curves in the upper stage are shown by curves 68 in FIG.
a, 68b, ..., curves 67a, 67b, ..., curves 66a, 66b, ..., curve 65a,
65b,...

The rising of the starting end of the exciting current of each exciting coil is delayed,
This portion reduces torque. At the end, it is extended as shown by the current of the discharge of the stored magnetic energy (current discharged by the diodes 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d), this part becoming anti-torque.

Since the reluctance type motor has a remarkably large inductance as compared with a general magnet field type motor, the torque reduction and the anti-torque of the above-described excitation current curve also become significantly large. Therefore, the output torque is large, but there is a disadvantage that the speed is low.

This is because, at high speeds, the width of the curve 68a becomes narrower, and the width of the rising and falling portions does not change.

When the DC voltage applied to the terminal 3a in FIG.
Although the exciting current value is increased, the rising and falling portions are further extended, resulting in a high torque, but the speed is correspondingly reduced.

When the second group of exciting coils is energized by the power supply 4a, the above-described disadvantages are greatly reduced.

 Next, the explanation will be given.

The magnetic flux generated by the second group of exciting coils is energized so that those having the same magnetic pole are in the same direction.
Electricity is supplied so as to be a saturation point which is a boundary point between the curves 2a and 2b in FIG. Therefore, the torque due to the energization of the first group of excitation coils is only in the section of curve 2b, and the torque in the section of curve 2a is eliminated.

In the section of the curve 2b, since the magnetic pole is almost saturated,
The inductance of the first group of excitation coils is almost the same as that of a general magnet type armature coil.

Accordingly, the width of the rising and falling portions of the exciting current curve in FIG. 9 (c) is reduced, and a high-speed motor (tens of thousands of times per minute) is obtained, and as shown in the torque curve of FIG. Is characterized by maintaining high torque and linearity.

Accordingly, there is an effect that defects of the reluctance type electric motor are reduced. During rotation, a dielectric voltage is generated in the second group of exciting coils. This voltage is in the opposite direction when the magnetic poles and the salient poles have a positive torque, and in the positive direction when the magnetic poles and the salient poles are in a counter-torque. In particular, the dielectric voltage (back electromotive force) of the second group of excitation coils when the first group of excitation coils is energized to generate a positive torque
Becomes large, so that the constant current cannot be maintained.
Therefore, a constant current circuit M (FIG. 7A) is required. However, if the control characteristics of the output torque are not important, it can be omitted. However, in the device of the present invention, since the exciting coils are connected in series, the former induced voltage cancels out and disappears, so there is no inconvenience. Other means may be used as long as the connection means achieves this purpose.

The power consumed by the second group of excitation coils is small,
The effect on efficiency is small and practicality is not lost.
This is because there is only the Joule loss of the winding, and the iron loss due to the generation and disappearance of the magnetic energy of the magnetic pole in the section of the curve 2a in FIG. 1 is eliminated. As shown by arrows 64a, 64b,... In FIG. 9C, the phases of the curves 70a, 70b,.
For this purpose, the coils 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b in FIG. 4 (a) are moved rightward by a predetermined angle by about 30 degrees and fixed to the armature side.

According to the above-described means, the energization of the excitation coil is started 30 degrees before the salient pole enters the magnetic pole, so that no counter torque is generated and a higher-speed motor can be configured. In this case, it is necessary to make each magnetic pole width in FIG. 4 (a) smaller than 180 degrees by a predetermined angle. This is to prevent a magnetic flux from flowing into the left end of the right salient pole and generating a counter torque when the excitation coil starts to be energized.

Since the inductance of the exciting coil is small, the control of energization becomes easy, and there is an effect that it can be used as a servo motor or a constant speed motor.

The circuit shown in FIG. 7 (b) is a means for obtaining a motor having a higher torque and a higher speed than the above-described case of FIG. 7 (a).

In FIG. 7 (b), those having the same symbols as those in FIG. 7 (a) are the same members, and therefore description thereof will be omitted.

The configuration of the motor is a two-phase reluctance type motor shown in FIG. 3 (a) as in the previous embodiment.
FIG. 4A is obtained.

FIG. 7 (a) shows a coil for obtaining a position detection signal.
The electric signal shown in the time chart of FIG. 9B is obtained by the same means as in the embodiment of FIG. The position detection signal is
Obtained from coils 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, coils 8a and 9a and coils 8b and 9b are 90 degrees apart from each other. In FIG. 9 (b), the position detection signals are curves 70a, 70b,... And curves 72a, 72b,. Another set of coils is provided at a position advanced by 30 to 60 degrees (30 degrees in the present embodiment) from the coils 8a and 8b, and the position detection signal due to this is represented by curves 71a, 71b,. It is shown as

When the curves 70a, 70b,... And the curves 71a, 71b,.
...

The curves 70a, 70b,... And the curves 71a, 71b,.
The inverted ones are curves 73a, 73b,... And curves 74a, 74b,.
It is. The outputs from both AND circuits are curves 76a, 76b,
...

The curves 75a, 75b, ... and the curves 76a, 76b, ... are one-phase position detection signals whose ends are deleted by 30 degrees.

Regarding the curves 72a, 72b,... Of the position detection signals of the other phases,
By adding one set of coils to obtain a position detection signal advanced by 30 degrees and performing the same processing, the position detection signals of other phases shown by curves 77a, 77b, ... and 78a, 78b, ... Is obtained. The ends of each curve have been deleted by 30 degrees.

The position detection signal curves 75a, 75b, ... and the curves 76a, 76b, ... are input from the terminals 55a, 55b in Fig. 7B, and the curves 77a, 77b, ...
, And curves 78a, 78b, ... are input from terminals 55c, 55d, respectively.

The energization control of the one-phase excitation coils G and H is performed by transistors 20a and 20b and transistors 20b and 20d connected in series.

The block circuits denoted by symbols C and D are the other one-phase excitation coils R and S
This circuit has the same configuration as that of the excitation control circuit for the exciting coil G.

Therefore, from the terminals 55c and 55d, the position detection signal curves 77a and 77
, and the curves 78a, 78b,... are input, the transistors connected in series conduct, and the excitation coils R, S are energized.

For example, the excitation coil based on the position detection signal curves 75a and 76a
The energization waveforms of G and H are as shown by dotted lines 24a and 24c (rising portion) 24b and 24d (falling portion) on the time chart curves 75a and 76a in FIG. 8 (a). The width of the arrow 25a is the operational amplifier 50a, the transistor 49a, and the capacitor 23 shown in FIG.
The armature current is regulated by the voltage of the reference voltage terminal 50 by the chopper circuit consisting of a.

 The details of the chopper action will be described below.

When the power is turned on and the electric signal of the curve 75a serving as the position detection signal is input from the terminal 55a, the transistors 20a and 20a
0b conducts, and the energization of the exciting coil G is started.

Therefore, due to the inductance of the exciting coil G, the exciting current increases as shown by a dotted line 24a in FIG. 8 (a).

At this time, since the output of the operational amplifier 50a is at a low level, the transistor 49a conducts, and power is supplied from the positive and negative power supplies 3a and 3b. When the exciting current increases and the voltage drop of the resistor 22a (the detected voltage of the exciting current) exceeds the voltage of the reference positive voltage terminal 50, the output of the operational amplifier 50a changes to a high level.

Therefore, transistor 49a is turned off,
Although the exciting current is held by discharging the capacitor 23a,
Decrease gradually.

Therefore, when the voltage drop of the resistor 22a decreases and the set value decreases, the hysteresis characteristic of the operational amplifier 50a causes
The output of the operational amplifier 50a becomes low again, so that the transistor 49a conducts and the exciting current increases.

When the voltage drop of the resistor 22a increases and exceeds the voltage of the terminal 50, the output of the operational amplifier 50a goes high again, the transistor 49a becomes non-conductive, and becomes an exciting current due to the discharge of the capacitor 23a.

By repeating such a cycle, the exciting current is regulated to the voltage of the reference positive voltage terminal 50. The voltage at the terminal 50 is a voltage for controlling the exciting current, that is, the output torque.

The dotted curve in the section of the arrow straight line 25a in FIG. 8 (a) indicates the above-described ripple curve of energization.

At the end of the curve 75a, the transistors 20a and 20b become non-conductive, so that the magnetic energy stored in the exciting coil G is released, and this current becomes the dotted curve 24b.

At higher speeds, the width of curve 75a decreases, but the width of dotted curves 24a and 24b does not change. If high torque is used,
Since the exciting current is increased, the magnetic energy also increases, and the width of the dotted curves 24a and 24b increases. Therefore high speed,
If an attempt is made to increase the torque, the torque is reduced by the dotted curve 24a, and the anti-torque is increased, so that the efficiency is deteriorated and the practicality is lost. However, at this time, if the voltage at the terminal 3a is increased, the magnetic energy will charge the capacitor 23a already charged to a high voltage via the diodes 21a and 21b, so that the magnetic energy rapidly disappears. As a result, the generation of anti-torque is suppressed. Further, since the rise of the dotted curve 24a is also rapid, the deterioration of the efficiency is prevented, and there is an effect that a high-speed, high-torque, high-efficiency motor corresponding to the power supply voltage can be obtained.

The output torque is controlled by the voltage of the reference voltage terminal 50, and the rotation speed is controlled by the applied voltage.

The frequency of the ripple current in the section indicated by arrow 25a is
It depends on the capacity of 3a, so it is necessary to select the required capacity.

The energization control of the exciting coil H according to the curve 76a is similarly performed. The effect is the same.

The energization control of the exciting coils R and S by the position detection signals shown by the curves 77a and 78a in FIG. 8A is similarly performed, and the operation and effect are the same.

In this case, the voltage drop of the resistor 22b becomes the current detecting means of the exciting coils R and S, and the reference voltage becomes the voltage of the terminal 50.
The operation of the transistor 49b and the capacitor 23b is the same as that of the transistor 49a and the capacitor 23a, and the effect is the same. The operation of the operational amplifier 50b is the same as that of the operational amplifier 50a.

Dotted curves on both sides of the curves 77a and 78a indicate rising and falling curves of the flowing current.

In accordance with the position detection signal of the time chart of FIG. 9 (c) which becomes the position detection signal of FIG. 7 (a), the energization control of the exciting coil is performed through the terminals 55a, 55b,. Can achieve the same purpose. In this case, there is a drawback that a torque is generated because the energization width exceeds 180 degrees due to energization of the excitation coil by releasing magnetic energy. To avoid this, the coils 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b for position detection shown in Fig. 4 (a) are advanced 30 degrees to the right, and energized 30 degrees before the salient pole enters the magnetic pole. Need to start. Even if there is a voltage ripple at the terminal 3a, the output torque and the number of revolutions are not significantly affected, so that when the AC is rectified and used as a power supply, a small capacitor for smoothing is required.

Excitation coils,... Of FIG. 7 (b) have the same configuration as those of the same symbols in FIG. 7 (a).
Are directly connected and energized. Although a constant current circuit M shown in FIG. 7A is provided, it is omitted and not shown.

The exciting coils G, H, R, and S are the first group of exciting coils, and the exciting coils are the second group of exciting coils.
Since these functions and effects are the same as those in FIG. 7 (a),
The description is omitted. Curves 80a, 80b, ... and curves 81a, 81b, ... in Fig. 9 (b) are output torque curves.

The present invention can be applied to a three-phase reluctance motor.

FIG. 3 (b) shows an example of a three-phase motor in which the present invention is implemented.

FIG. 3 (b) is a plan view showing the configuration of salient poles of a rotor, magnetic poles of a fixed armature, and exciting coils of a three-phase reluctance motor.

Symbol 1 is a rotor, the salient poles 1a, 1b,.
Each is arranged with equal pitches with a phase difference of 360 degrees.

The rotor 1 is made by a known means in which silicon steel plates are laminated. Symbol 8 is a rotation axis. The fixed armature 16 is provided with magnetic poles 16a, 16b, 16c,... Having a width of 180 degrees and an equal separation angle. The width of the salient poles and the magnetic poles is equal at 180 degrees. The number of salient poles is 7, and the number of magnetic poles is 6.

FIG. 4 (b) is a developed view of the reluctance type three-phase motor of FIG. 3 (b).

The coils 10a, 10b, 10c in FIG. 4 (b) have salient poles 1a, 1b,.
Are fixed to the fixed armature 16 side at the positions shown in the figure, and the coil surfaces are salient poles 1a, 1b,.
Are opposed to each other with a gap therebetween.

 The coils 10a, 10b, 10c are 120 degrees apart.

The coil has a diameter of 5 mm and an air core of about 100 turns.

FIG. 2 (b) shows an apparatus for obtaining a position detection signal from the coils 10a, 10b, 10c.

In FIG. 2 (b), a coil 10a, resistors 15a, 15b, 15c
Are bridge circuits, and are adjusted so as to be balanced when the coil 10a is not opposed to the salient poles 1a, 1b,.

Accordingly, the output of the low-pass filter including the diode 11a and the capacitor 12a and the diode 11b and the capacitor 12b is equal, and the output of the operational amplifier 13 is at a low level.

Reference numeral 7 denotes an oscillator that oscillates about one megacycle. When the coil 10a faces the salient poles 1a, 1b,..., The impedance decreases due to iron loss (eddy current loss and hysteresis loss), so that the voltage drop of the resistor 15a increases and the output of the operational amplifier 13 becomes high level.

The inputs of the block circuit 9 are the curves 25a, 25b,... Of the time chart of FIG. 9 (a), and the inputs via the inverting circuit 13d are the curves 26a, 26b,.

Block circuits 7a and 7b shown in FIG. 2 (b) are similar to the above-described bridge circuit including coils 10b and 10c, respectively.

 The oscillator 7 can be commonly used.

The output of the block circuit 7a and the output of the inversion circuit 13e are input to the block circuit 9, and their output signals are shown as curves 27a, 27b,..., Curves 28a, 28b,. .

The output of the block circuit 7b and the output of the inverting circuit 13f are input to the block circuit 9, and their output signals are shown as curves 29a, 29b,..., Curves 30a, 30b,. .

Curves 27a, 27b,... Have a phase of 12 with respect to curves 25a, 25b,.
0 degrees, curves 29a, 29b,.
Is 120 degrees out of phase.

The block circuit 9 is a circuit commonly used in a control circuit of a three-phase Y-type semiconductor motor, and receives a rectangular wave electric signal having a width of 120 degrees from the terminals 9a, 9b,. Is a logic circuit obtained.

The outputs of the terminals 9a, 9b, 9c are shown in FIG. 9 (a) as curves 31a, 31b,..., Curves 32a, 32b,.
The outputs of the terminals 9d, 9e and 9f shown in FIG. 9 are curves 34a, 34b,.
, b,..., are shown as curves 36a, 36b,.

Output signals of terminals 9a and 9d, output signals of terminals 9b and 9e, terminals
The phase difference between the output signals of 9c and 9f is 180 degrees.

The output signals of the terminals 9a, 9b, 9c are sequentially shifted 120 degrees,
The output signals of the terminals 9d, 9e, 9f are also sequentially shifted by 120 degrees. The same effect can be obtained by using an aluminum plate of the same shape which rotates synchronously with the rotor 1 in FIG. 1 instead of the salient poles 1a, 1b,... Of the coils 10a, 10b, 10c facing each other.

The two-phase reluctance motor shown in FIG. 3A has the following disadvantages.

Since the magnetic attraction force between the magnetic poles and the salient poles irrelevant to the output torque is large, mechanical vibration is induced.

In order to prevent this, generally two pairs of magnetic poles excited in the same phase are arranged at symmetrical positions with respect to the rotation axis to balance the magnetic attraction described above. However, since the gap between the magnetic pole and the salient pole is about 0.1 to 0.2 mm, it is difficult to rotate while maintaining this accuracy.

Accordingly, there is a disadvantage that during rotation, a residual magnetic attraction force in the radial direction for imbalance due to a slight difference in the gap length between the magnetic pole and the salient pole is randomly generated to generate mechanical vibration.

When the load torque is increased, the unbalanced magnetic attraction force is correspondingly increased to generate significant mechanical vibration. In the case of the embodiment of FIG. 3 (b), such disadvantages have been eliminated for the reasons described below. The other disadvantages mentioned for the two-phase motor of FIG. 3 (a) are also present.

In FIG. 3 (b), the annular portion 16 is fixed to an outer casing (not shown) to form an armature. Reference numeral 16 denotes a magnetic core that forms a magnetic path. Symbol 16 and symbols 16a, 16b,... Are called armatures.

Although the present embodiment is an adduction type, it can be configured as an adduction type.

In the developed views of FIGS. 3B and 4B, the exciting coils 17a, 17b,..., 17f are wound around magnetic poles 16a, 16b,.

When the excitation coils 17a, 17b,... Are energized, the salient poles 1a, 1b,.
The first group of exciting coils is configured to rotate in the first direction.

The exciting coils 18a, 18b,... 18f are wound around the magnetic poles 16a, 16b,. Since these exciting coils are not related to the output torque, they constitute the second group of exciting coils.

When the exciting coils 17b and 17c are energized, the salient poles 1b and 1c are attracted and rotate in the direction of arrow A-1.

When rotated by 30 degrees, the excitation coil 17b is de-energized,
Since the excitation coil 17d is energized, a torque is generated by the salient pole 1d.

Each time the rotor 1 rotates by 60 degrees, the energizing mode of the exciting coil is changed, and the exciting polarity of the magnetic poles is changed to the magnetic poles 16b (N pole), 16
c (S pole) → Magnetic pole 16c (S pole), 16d (N pole) → Magnetic pole 16d
(N pole), 16e (S pole) → Magnetic pole 16e (S pole), 16f (N pole)
→ The magnetic poles 16f (N-pole) and 16a (S-pole) are alternated in a cyclic manner to form a three-phase reluctance motor in which the rotor 1 is driven in the direction of arrow A-1.

Because the two magnetic poles that are excited are always different,
Leakage magnetic fluxes passing through the non-excited magnetic poles are in opposite directions to each other, thereby preventing generation of anti-torque.

As for the magnetic poles generated by the excitation coil, two adjacent magnetic poles are always magnetized and the rotor 1 is attracted.
Since the exciting magnetic pole moves sequentially in the same direction as the rotor 1 rotates, the attracting force also moves and rotates. Therefore, since the rotating shaft 8 rotates while always being pressed by the bearing (not shown), the vibration of the rotor 1 is suppressed.

Next, the energization control means for the first group of excitation coils will be described with reference to FIG. 7 (c).

The transistors 19a, 19b,..., 19f constitute a well-known three-phase bridge circuit.

, Curves 32a, 32b,..., Curves 33a, 33 in FIG. 9 (a) serving as position detection signals are supplied to the terminals 55a, 55b, 55c.
The electric signals indicated by b,... are respectively input.

The terminals 55d, 55e, and 55f have the curves 34a, 34b,
, And the electric signals shown by the curves 35a, 35b, ..., 36a, 36b, ... are input.

By the signal of the latter half of the curve 31a input to the terminal 55a,
The curve 36 inputted to the terminal 55f when the transistor 19a is turned on.
Since the transistor 19f is turned on by the signal in the first half of b, the excitation coils 17a and 17b are turned on.

When rotated by 60 degrees, the electric signal of the curve 32a is input to the terminal 55b, and the input of the terminal 55a disappears.
7c is energized.

Next, when rotated 60 degrees, the signal of the curve 34a is input to the terminal 55d, and the input of the terminal 55f is lost.
Are conducted, and the excitation coils 17c and 17d are energized. Next, when rotated 60 degrees, the signal of the curve 33a is input to the terminal 55c,
Since the input to 55b disappears, the transistor 19c conducts, and the exciting coils 17d and 17e are energized. Next, when the motor rotates 60 degrees, the signal of the curve 35a is input to the terminal 55e, and the input to the terminal 55d disappears. Therefore, the transistor 19e is turned on, and the excitation coils 17e and 17f are energized.

The energization cycle described above is repeated, and the excitation coil
17a, 17b, → 17b, 17c → 17c, 17d → 17d, 17e → 17e, 17f → 17f,
17a, and the order of energization is the same as that described with reference to FIG. 4 (b), so that the rotor 1 is a three-phase motor driven in the direction of arrow A-1.

The second group of exciting coils 18a, 18b,... Are connected in series as shown, and a constant current is supplied from a DC power supply 4a via a constant current circuit M.

The direction of the magnetic flux due to energization is the same as the direction of the magnetic flux of the first group of exciting coils of the same magnetic pole.

Since the induced voltage due to the leakage magnetic flux of the non-excited magnetic pole generated in the exciting coil of the second group is the one due to the positive torque and the one due to the counter torque, they are in opposite directions. There is an effect that the set value can be held. Further, a change in the energizing current due to the back electromotive force caused by the exciting magnetic pole is removed by the constant current circuit M. Also, since the amount of magnetic flux by the second group of exciting coils is the amount of magnetic flux at the saturation point which is the boundary between the curves 2a and 2b in FIG. 1, the amount of magnetic flux by the first group of exciting coils is as shown in FIG. When the energization control is performed, the inductance of each excitation coil becomes small, the width of the rise and the fall of the terminal at the beginning of energization is small, and the width is within 30 degrees up to 5000 times / minute. Becomes Therefore, there is an effect that no counter torque or torque reduction occurs at a high speed, the speed is increased without deteriorating the efficiency, and a high reluctance torque is maintained. The torque curve is
Since the current becomes linear with respect to the current and the inductance of the exciting coil becomes almost the same as that of the DC machine having the magnet rotor, the controllability of the output torque is improved.

In the conventional reluctance motor, only the first group of exciting coils is provided, and thus the inductance of the exciting coil is equal to the first group.
In the section of the curve 2a shown in the figure, the energy difference between the generation and extinction of the magnetic energy during rotation is large.
Since the number of generations and extinctions during rotation is large, most of the losses are iron losses. Therefore, the efficiency is degraded. This is a problem especially when the output is a small output of about 100 watts.

Since the device of the present invention is operated at a temperature higher than the saturation point, there is an effect that the above-mentioned disadvantages are eliminated.

The second group of exciting coils increases the joule loss without contributing to the torque, but there is no problem because the amount is small compared to the iron loss.

The control circuit shown in FIG. 7D is a means for obtaining a motor with higher torque and higher speed than the embodiment of FIG. 7C. In FIG. 7 (d), those having the same symbols as those in FIG. 7 (c) are the same parts and have the same functions.

Transistors 20a, 20b and 20c, 20d and 20e, 20f are inserted at both ends of the exciting coils 17a, 17c, 17e, respectively. The transistors 20a, 20b, 20c,... Are switching elements, and may be other semiconductor elements having the same effect. For example, a power MOS FET is used.

 Power is supplied from the DC power supply positive and negative terminals 3a and 3b.

When a high-level electric signal is input from the terminal 55a,
The transistors 20a and 20b conduct, and the excitation coil 17a is energized. When a high-level electric signal is input from the terminals 55b and 55c, the transistors 20c and 20d and the transistors 20e and 2
0f conducts, and the exciting coils 17c and 17e are energized.

The block circuits D, E, and F are energization control circuits for the excitation coils 17b, 17d, and 17f, and have exactly the same configuration as the energization control circuit for the excitation coil 17a.

Accordingly, when there is a high level input to the terminals 55d, 55e, 55f, the excitation coils 17b, 17d, 17f are energized, respectively.

Terminal 50 is a reference voltage for specifying the exciting current.
By changing the voltage of the terminal 50, the output torque can be changed.

When the power switch (not shown) is turned on, the operational amplifier
Since the input of the + terminal of 50a is lower than that of the-terminal, the output of the operational amplifier 50a becomes low level and the transistor 49a
Are turned on, and a voltage is applied to the energization control circuit of the exciting coils 17a, 17b,.

The resistors 22a and 22b are respectively connected to the exciting coils 17a, 17c, 17e and
These are resistors for detecting the exciting currents of 17b, 17d, and 17f.

The situation is exactly the same for the operational amplifier 50b, and a voltage is applied to the block circuits D, E, and F when the power is turned on.

The input signal of the terminal 55a is the position detection signal 3 shown in FIG.
1a, 31b, ... and the input signals of terminals 55b, 55c are position detection signals 32
a, 32b, ... and 33a, 33b, ...

The curves described above have the same symbols and are shown in the time chart of FIG. 8 (b). Since the curves 31a, 32a, 33a, ... are continuous, their boundaries are indicated by thick lines.

The position detection signals 36a, 36b,..., 34a, 34b,
, 35a, 35b, ... are the terminals 55d, 55 of FIG.
e, 55f.

FIG. 8 (b) shows curves 36a, 34a, 35a,... Which are continuous and the boundaries are indicated by thick lines. The position detection signal curve 31a in FIG. 8B is connected to the terminal 5 in FIG.
The case where the information is input to 5a will be described.

In FIG. 8B, the exciting current increases as indicated by a dotted line 37a. In the reluctance type motor, since the inductance is large, the rise of the start end of the curve 31a is slow. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the voltage applied to the terminal 3a. As the speed becomes higher, the width of the curve 31a becomes smaller. Therefore, it is necessary to use a high voltage corresponding to the voltage of the terminal 3a.

When the exciting current exceeds a set value (specified by the reference voltage of the terminal 50 in FIG. 7D), the output of the operational amplifier 50a becomes high level, so that the transistor 49a is turned off.

Therefore, the exciting current is supplied from the capacitor 23a,
When the exciting current value decreases and decreases by a predetermined value, the output of the operational amplifier 50a is again turned to a low level due to the hysteresis characteristic of the operational amplifier 50a. Therefore, the exciting current increases again. It decreases when it exceeds the set value. By repeating such a cycle, the section indicated by the arrow 38a in FIG. 8B is passed.

At the end of the curve 31a, the input at the terminal 55a in FIG. 7D disappears. Accordingly, the magnetic energy stored in the exciting coil 17a is turned off by the diode 21b → the power supply (capacitor 23a) → the resistor 22a → the diode 21a because the transistors 20a and 20b are both turned off.

Capacitor 23a circulated to the power supply and charged to the power supply voltage
Will be charged so it will disappear quickly.

Next, according to the position detection signal 32a, the transistors 20c and 20d
Is conducted, the energization of the exciting coil 17c is started, and the current increases as shown by the dotted line 39a in FIG. 8 (b).

A dotted line 37b is a current curve due to emission of magnetic energy from the excitation coil 17a.

The width of the arrow 38b indicates the width of the falling part of the dotted line 37b and the width of the rising part of the dotted line 39a. When the width of the arrow 38b exceeds 30 degrees, a counter torque is generated, and the torque decreases.

As the speed increases, the width of the curve 32a decreases, so the width of the arrow 38b must be correspondingly reduced. For this purpose, the purpose is achieved by increasing the voltage of the terminal 3a.

In order to increase the output torque, the voltage of the reference voltage terminal 50 shown in FIG.

As described above, the apparatus of the present invention is characterized in that the limit of the high-speed rotation is controlled by the applied voltage, and the output torque is independently controlled by the reference voltage (command voltage of the output torque). ing.

The control of the control current by the position detection signal of the exciting coil 17c is performed by turning on and off the transistor 49a as shown by a dotted line 39b in FIG. 8 (b) by the operation of the operational amplifier 50a and the transistor 49a in FIG. 7 (d). Change, curve 3
At the end of 2a, it descends rapidly as shown by the dotted line.

Next, when the position detection signal 33a is input to the terminal 55c in FIG. 7 (d), the excitation coil 17e is similarly energized.

As described above, the excitation coils 17a, 17c, and 17e are energized sequentially and continuously to generate output torque.

The position detection signals 36a, 36b,..., 34a, 34b,.
35a, 35b,... Are terminals 55d, 55e, 55 in FIG.
Excitation coil input to f and included in block circuits D, E, F
Control the energization of 17b, 17d, 17f.

FIG. 8 (b) shows the curves 36a, 34a, 34a.
These are adjacent at a width of 120 degrees and 90 degrees out of phase with the upper curve.

Dotted lines at both ends of the curves 36a, 34a, 35a indicate rising and falling portions of the exciting current. The width of the rising and falling portions is regulated by the size of the power supply positive terminal 3a, as in the case described above.

Further, the control of the chopper in the middle of each curve by the voltage of the capacitor 47b, the transistor 49b, the operational amplifier 50b, and the reference voltage terminal 50 is the same as that described above. The effect is the same.

A curve 44 in FIG. 9 (a) shows a torque curve by the exciting coils 17a, 17c, 17e, and a curve 45 (dotted line) shows the torque of the exciting coil 17a.
13 shows torque curves by b, 17d, and 17f, and a combined torque of both curves is an output torque. Also, the torque curve of the thick line below
17a, 17c, 17e,... Indicate the torque curves of the excitation coils of the same symbol, and the thin-line torque curves 17b, 17d, 17f indicate the torque curves of the excitation coils of the same symbol.

Arrow segments 44a and 45a are position detection signals 32a (excitation coil
17c) and position detection signal 34a (excitation coil 17d)
FIG. 2) shows a section of the torque curve according to FIG.

It has a torque curve similar to that of a three-phase Y-type connected semiconductor motor, and has a characteristic that it has an efficient and relatively flat torque characteristic.

As can be understood from the above description, the position detection signal curves 31a, 31b,..., Curves 32a, 32b,.
33b,... Control the energization of the exciting coils 17a, 17c, 17e with a width of 120 degrees, and position detection signal curves 36a, 36b,.
34b, ..., curves 35a, 35b, ... are one of the excitation coils 17b, 17d, 17f.
Energization control with a width of 20 degrees is performed.

As described above, in the portion of the torque curve of the curve 2a in FIG. 1, the magnetic pole on which the excitation coil is mounted is not magnetically saturated, and therefore has a large inductance. The output torque is proportional to the next power of the current. In the portion of the curve 2b, the magnetic pole is saturated, and thus the inductance is significantly reduced.
According to actual measurements, it is 1 / 100th. Output torque is proportional to current. When the exciting current is controlled to a predetermined value by a chopper circuit using a well-known inductance, a curve
In the part 2b, the frequency of the chopper becomes about 100 times, and the practicality is lost.

According to the device of the present invention, the first group of exciting coils 17
The output torque is obtained by a, 17b,..., 17f, and the respective magnetic poles have already reached the saturation point by the energization of the second group of excitation coils 18a, 18b,. Have a small inductance and little change.

Accordingly, there is an effect that the disadvantage that the change of the chopper frequency is small and the practicality is lost is eliminated.

Iron loss is also greatly reduced and efficiency is increased. Further, the main factor that determines the chopper frequency is the capacitance of the capacitors 23a and 23b in FIG. 7 (d). Therefore, the fluctuation of the chopper frequency due to the change of the inductance described above is avoided, and the practical use is possible. There is.

Since the output torque, that is, the exciting current value is specified only by the reference voltage (the voltage of the terminal 50 in FIG. 7D), it is irrelevant to the applied voltage. Therefore, since the ripple voltage of the power supply terminals 3a and 3b has little relation, the capacitor for rectification may have a small capacity, and when the AC power supply has three phases, the capacitor has a further smaller capacity. There is a feature that can be simplified.

In many cases, the torque caused by one magnetic pole and salient poles in a 180-degree section of a reluctance motor does not have a symmetrical shape. In this case, if the coils 10a, 10b, and 10c in FIG. 4B are advanced so that the peak value of the torque coincides with the central portion of the 120-degree conduction, the output increases and the efficiency is improved. Become. Second
The action of the group of exciting coils 18a, 18b,..., 18f is shown in FIG.
Are energized like the exciting coil of the same symbol, and the operation and effect are the same.

Next, means for achieving the object of the present invention without using the second group of exciting coils will be described.

FIG. 7 (e) is an embodiment in which the second group of exciting coils,... Is removed from the circuit of FIG. 7 (b). However, the circuit including the first group of exciting coils R and S, the transistor 49b, the capacitor 23b, and the operational amplifier 50b is the same type of circuit means, and is not shown and shown.

FIG. 7E shows only the energization control of the first group of exciting coils G and H.

In FIG. 7 (e), the position detection signals input from the terminals 55a and 55b correspond to the curves 70a, 70b,... And the curves 73a, 73b,. Curves 76a, 76
The position detection signals of b,... are the same as in the case of FIG. 7 (b), and the excitation coil by the input of the terminals 55a, 55b and the voltage of the operational amplifier 50a, the transistor 49a, the capacitor 23a, the reference positive voltage terminal 50 G, H energization control is performed similarly. A constant current is supplied to the exciting coils G and H from the DC power supply 40 via constant current circuits 40a and 40b, respectively.

The diodes 41a and 41b and the other lower diodes are used to independently supply current to the exciting coils G and H by the constant current circuits 40a and 40b, and the direction is set to the transistors 20a and 20b to the exciting coils G and H. , 20c, and 20d, the direction is the same as the direction in which the power is supplied.

The DC power supply 40 is electrically independent of the DC power supplies of the terminals 3a and 3b. For example, in the case of an AC power supply, a transformer is used to supply AC to its primary coil, and one of the secondary coils is rectified and applied to the terminals 3a and 3b, and the other secondary coil is connected to the other. The rectified and smoothed one is used as the DC power supply 40. The energization of the exciting coils G and H via the constant current circuits 40a and 40b is adjusted so as to be a constant current value of the ampere turn at the saturation point of each exciting coil.

Accordingly, the range in which the excitation coils are energized by the input signals of the terminals 55a and 55b to generate the output torque is only the section of the torque curve 2b in FIG. 1, and the object of the present invention is achieved.

 The effect is similar to that of the previous embodiment (FIG. 7 (b)).

Since the current is constant, stable operation is achieved without being affected by back electromotive force or other induced output.

A constant current circuit is also added to the exciting coils R and S in FIG. 7B as in the case described above, and current is supplied near the saturation point, and the operation and effect are the same. In this case a DC power supply
40 can be used in common, but other circuit elements
R and S are each different.

Also in the circuit of FIG. 7A, the exciting coils can be removed by the same means.

That is, the excitation coils,... In FIG. 7A are omitted, and a constant current circuit is connected to the terminals 47a, 47b at both ends of the excitation coils G, R from the independent DC power supply to supply a constant current near the saturation point from the diode. Via.

Further, a current near the saturation point is supplied through diodes from the terminals 47c and 47d at both ends of the exciting coils H and S by the same means. The energizing direction of both is the same as the direction in which each exciting coil is energized by the power supplies 3a and 3b.

With the above-described means, the same operation and effect as in the case of FIG.

Next, referring to FIG. 7 (f), the means having the same effect by removing the second group of exciting coils will be described with reference to FIG. 7 (d).

FIG. 7 (f) shows the exciting coils 17b, 17d,
The illustration of the conduction control circuits C, D, E of 17f and their control circuits is omitted.

In FIG. 7 (f), a constant current is supplied to the exciting coils 17a, 17c, 17e from the independent DC power supply 40 having the same properties as in FIG. 7 (e) via the constant current circuits 40a, 40b, 40c. Is being done.

The above constant current value is a value near the saturation point.
The constant current circuit may be any known means.

The diodes 41a, 41b, 41c and the diode on the negative voltage side are turned on by the position detection signals (the same electric signals as in FIG. 7 (d)) input from the terminals 55a, 55b, 55c.
This is for not affecting the energization of each excitation coil by the conduction control of 20b,..., 20f.

For the exciting coils 17b, 17d, 17f in FIG. 7 (d), a constant current near the saturation point is supplied to each exciting coil by exactly the same means, that is, the DC power supply 40, through three constant current circuits. , Are not shown.

The energization of the ampere turns at the saturation point of each excitation coil generates positive and negative torques but cancels each other.

Therefore, it does not contribute to the output torque, but has the following effect.

Most of the loss in the reluctance type motor is iron loss due to large magnetic energy input / output due to turning on / off the energization of the exciting coil up to the saturation point. According to the means of the present invention,
Since the current is always supplied to the saturation point, no magnetic energy flows in and out and no iron loss occurs. Accordingly, the efficiency increases.

Since the output torque is in the section of the torque curve 2b in FIG. 1, the linearity of the torque is obtained, the iron loss is small, and the inductance of the exciting coil is also small. The control characteristics are improved.

From the circuit of FIG. 7C, the second group of exciting coils 18a, 18
are removed, and the same means, that is, a DC power supply 40, is applied to both terminals of the series connection of the excitation coils 17a and 17b via the constant current circuit 40a, so that the series connection of the excitation coils 17c and 17f and Constant current circuits 40b and 40c are connected to the series connection of the exciting coils 17e and 17b.
The same purpose is achieved by energizing via The energizing current is set to a current value near the saturation point in the same manner as in the previous embodiment.

〔effect〕

 First effect.

In the section of the torque curve 2a in FIG. 1, each excitation coil is energized for an ampere turn near the saturation point, so that no magnetic energy enters or exits the magnetic pole. Therefore, there is no iron loss, and the efficiency is significantly increased.

The efficiency of the reluctance motor is reduced because most of the iron loss and little copper loss.

Second effect.

In the section of the torque curve 2a, there is no output torque, and the curve 2b
Is the output torque.

Therefore, the torque has a linearity (proportional to the flowing current), and the inductance of the exciting coil is small since it is past the saturation point, and the controllability of the exciting current is good.

Therefore, a general magnet rotor energization control circuit can be used.

In addition, high speed can be achieved while maintaining the high torque characteristics of the reluctance motor.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph of an exciting current and an output torque of the device of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an electric circuit diagram for obtaining a position detection signal from a coil, FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a configuration of a reluctance motor,
FIG. 4 is a development view of salient poles, magnetic poles, and exciting coils of the motor shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of means for flattening output torque, FIG. 6 is a graph of a position detection signal, and FIG. FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of the excitation coil energization control, FIG. 8 is a time chart of the position detection signal and the excitation current, and FIG. 9 is a time chart of the position detection signal, the output torque and the excitation current. 1, 1a, 1b, rotor and salient poles, 2a, 2b torque curve, 7 oscillator, 7a, 7b, 9 block circuit, 13, 13b, 50a, 50b operational amplifier, 16, 16a, 16
b,…, 16f …… armature and magnetic poles, 17a, 17b,…, 17f, 18a, 18b,
…, 18f,… G, H, R, S ,,, …… Excitation coil, 8
…… Rotary axis, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b, 10c …… Position detection coil, 3a, 3b, 4a …… DC power positive / negative, 6a, 6b,…, 6d, 20a,
20b,…, 20f, 19a, 19b,…, 19f …… Transistor, M, 40a, 4
0b, 40c …… Constant current circuit, 49a, 49b …… Transistor, C,
D, E: Excitation current control block circuit, 50: Reference voltage terminal, 40: DC power supply, 24a, 24b, ..., 37a, 37b, ..., 46, 46
a, 65a, 65b, 66a, 66b, 67a, 67b, 68a, 68b, ... exciting electrode curve, 25a, 25b, ..., 26a, 26b, ..., 27a, 27b, ..., 28a, 28b, ..., 29a, 29
b,…, 30a, 30b,…, 31a, 31b,…, 32a, 32b,…, 33a, 33b,…, 3
4a, 34b,…, 35a, 35b,…, 36a, 36b,…, 70a, 70b,…, 71a, 71
b,…, 72a, 72b,…, 73a, 73b,…, 74a, 74b,…, 75a, 75b,…, 7
6a, 76b,…, 77a, 77b,…, 78a, 78b,… Position detection signal curve, 42, 42a, 44, 45, 17a, 17b,…, 17f, 80a, 80b,…, 81a, 81
b, ... torque curve.

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] In a reluctance motor, a plurality of phases of magnetic poles disposed on a fixed armature are opposed to a magnetic path open end of the magnetic pole through a small gap, and a rotating circumferential surface of a rotor is provided. A plurality of salient poles protruding from each other, a first group of exciting coils wound around each of the above magnetic poles, a second group of exciting coils wound around each of the magnetic poles having the exciting coils, A position detecting device for detecting the positions of the salient poles of the slaves and generating position detection signals of a plurality of phases, and setting in the order set in the excitation coils of the first group corresponding to the position detection signals of the plurality of phases. An energization control circuit that supplies an excitation current of the specified magnitude from a DC power supply to generate a unidirectional output torque on the rotor;
In the case where the motor is operated only by the second group of excitation coil connection bodies each formed with the same number of turns and the first group of excitation coils, the curve of the output torque with respect to the excitation current shows that the excitation current increases with the increase of the excitation current. , And then increase linearly. When the ampere-turn of the first group of exciting coils near the end of the quadratic-power curve is called the ampere-turn at the saturation point, the first An output characterized in that it comprises constant-current supply control means for generating a magnetic flux in the same direction as the group of excitation coils and for supplying a current that becomes an ampere-turn at a saturation point. A reluctance motor whose torque is directly proportional to the exciting current. 2. A reluctance type electric motor, wherein a plurality of phases of magnetic poles disposed on a fixed armature are opposed to a magnetic path open end of the magnetic pole via a small gap, and a rotating circumferential surface of a rotor is provided. A plurality of salient poles protruding from each other, a plurality of phases of exciting coils wound around the respective magnetic poles, and a position detection for detecting the positions of the salient poles of the rotor to generate a multi-phase position detection signal. An excitation current of a magnitude set in the order set in the excitation coils of the plurality of phases in response to the position detection signals of the plurality of phases from the first DC power supply, and the direction of the rotor is changed in one direction. A second DC power supply electrically independent of the first DC power supply, and a diode from the second DC power supply from both ends of the multi-phase excitation coil. And the direction of the current to the position detection signal. The curve of the output torque with respect to the exciting current of each of the exciting coils increases in proportion to the next power of the exciting current, and then linearly. When the ampere-turn of the exciting coil near the end of the power-law curve is called the ampere-turn of the saturation point, the constant-current circuit inserted in a part of the plurality of electric circuits causes the saturation point to increase. A reluctance motor whose output torque is directly proportional to the exciting current.