JPH0622589A - Reluctance motor to be regeneratively braked - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a motor having a high efficiency at a high speed by controlling to conduct only by one switching element inserted to an exciting coil, supply to charge heat storage magnetic energy in a small-capacity capacitor when the conduction is stopped at an end, and holding a high voltage. CONSTITUTION:A capacitor 47a having a small capacity, a diode 21a and semiconductor elements 4a, 4b, 5a, etc., are provided, and only one of switching elements 20a, 20b, 20c of exciting coils is used at a negative voltage side of a power source. When conduction is stopped at an end, magnetic energy stored in an exciting coil 32a is charged in the capacitor 47a as a high voltage through the diode 21a and held. Then, when the coil 32a is again conducted, applied voltages are both the charging voltage of the capacitor 47a and the voltage of the power source. Accordingly, a rise of the current of the coil 32a becomes abrupt. As the discharging of the capacitor 47a is finished, generations of reduced torque and opposite torque are removed, and a motor having a high speed and a high efficiency is obtained.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

[Industrial application] Regenerative braking is required when a reluctance type electric motor is used as a drive source for an electric vehicle.
In such a case, the technique of the present invention is used.

2. Description of the Related Art Since a reluctance type electric motor has no magnet rotor, it was considered impossible to perform regenerative braking by generating electric power, and thus there is no conventional technique. Japanese Patent Application No. 231433/1993 and Japanese Patent Application No. 3-1 / 1993 by the applicant
88367, but the technical means are different.

[0002]

The first problem is that since the inductance of the exciting coil is extremely large, the current rises slowly at the beginning of energization, and the current drops when the energization is stopped. The former has a problem that the output torque is reduced, and the latter has a problem that counter torque is generated. When the power supply is set to a high voltage in order to speed up the rising at the beginning of energization, a sharp rising of the current occurs after the magnetic saturation point. For this reason, there is a problem that vibration and electric noise are generated, and the above-described section where the current rises is a section where the torque is small, so that only defects are promoted.
There is a problem that the speed increase (tens of thousands of revolutions per minute) becomes impossible due to the generation of the above-described torque reduction and counter torque. Even at a commonly used rotation speed (several thousands of revolutions per minute), there is a disadvantage that reduced torque and anti-torque are generated and efficiency is deteriorated. If a means for increasing the power supply voltage is used to increase the output torque, the voltage becomes 1000 V or more and the utility is lost.

Second problem The reluctance type electric motor is
Since there is no magnet on the rotor, there is no power generation during rotation. Therefore, since it is impossible to obtain the electromagnetic braking force, the electromagnetic braking action cannot be obtained. Also, regenerative braking action cannot be obtained. Therefore, there is a problem that it is difficult to use it as a drive source for a servomotor or an electric vehicle. Third Problem Since the inductance of the exciting coil is large, according to general means, one switching element is inserted at each end of the exciting coil to control the energization of the exciting coil.
Since this switching element opens and closes a large current, there is a problem that the capacity is large and the cost is high.

[0004]

In a multi-phase reluctance type electric motor provided with a fixed armature and a magnetic rotor, a plurality of magnetic reluctance motors are arranged on an outer peripheral surface of the magnetic rotor at equal widths and at equal separation angles. The salient poles and the magnetic poles projecting from the inner peripheral surface of the fixed armature, which are in axial symmetry, have the same phase, face the salient poles with a slight gap, and are arranged at equal pitches. The width of the magnetic pole to be mounted in the circumferential direction is 2n (n is 3) with an electrical angle of 120 to 180 degrees.
(A positive integer above), exciting coils of a plurality of phases attached to the magnetic poles, a position detecting device for detecting a rotational position of the salient poles to obtain a position detecting signal of a plurality of phases, and 1 of each exciting coil. One first switching element inserted at the end, a DC power supply for supplying a series connection of the exciting coil and the first switching element, and a plurality of phase exciting coils corresponding to the plurality of phase position detection signals, respectively. An energization control circuit that conducts the connected first switching element for the width of the position detection signal to energize the exciting coil to obtain an output torque, and when the first switching element is turned off at the end of the position detection signal. In addition, the magnetic energy accumulated in the exciting coil from the negative electrode side of the exciting coil is charged and held in the small-capacity capacitor by flowing through the diode, and the electric current is rapidly reduced in the exciting coil. When the magnetic rotor is rotated by a set angle and the energization of the exciting coil is started via the first switching element which is conducted by the position detection signal, it is synchronized with the conduction of the switching element. Through a semiconductor element that is electrically conducted, the electrostatic energy stored in the small-capacity capacitor described above flows in from the positive voltage side of the exciting coil to rapidly raise the conduction current, and Corresponding to the position detection signal of
A switching device which conducts a switching element to switch the mode to a normal rotation or reverse rotation mode, a detection circuit which detects that the energizing current of the exciting coil exceeds a predetermined value and obtains a detection electric signal, and the detection electric circuit. A chopper circuit that holds the energizing current at a predetermined value by converting the first switching element connected to the exciting coil to a non-conducting state by a signal and making it conductive after a prescribed time, and the negative side of the exciting coil → the diode described above → Second switching element → power supply positive electrode → power supply negative electrode → diode reversely connected to the exciting coil → an electrically closed circuit consisting of the positive electrode side of the exciting coil and the start end of the energized section of the exciting coil of each phase for a predetermined width An electric circuit that keeps the corresponding second switching element conductive only in the deleted section and a chopper rotation when the mode is changed to the reverse mode during the forward rotation. The rising portion of the current during the energization period is made rapid by adding the electromotive force and the DC power supply voltage due to the decrease in the amount of magnetic flux that links the exciting coil, and at the current drop portion, the amount of magnetic flux that links the exciting coil. Of the electromotive force due to the decrease of the electromotive force and the electromotive force due to the release of the magnetic energy accumulated by the exciting coil, a current is caused to flow through the second switching element to the positive electrode side of the DC power source to regenerate the electric current, It is composed of an electric circuit for slowing down the descending part of the vehicle for braking.

[0005]

[Function] The excitation coil is energized for the width of the position detection signal only by opening / closing one switching element inserted on the positive voltage side or the negative voltage side of the excitation coil, and when the energization is stopped at the end, the excitation coil is excited. The magnetic energy stored in the coil flows into a small-capacity capacitor and is charged to become a high voltage. Therefore, the disappearance time of the magnetic energy is remarkably reduced, so that the generation of the anti-torque is prevented. Energization of the exciting coil is started by the next position detection signal that arrives after a predetermined time, but the applied voltage at this time is the sum of the charging voltage of the capacitor and the power supply voltage, so that the rise of the energizing current does not occur. It will be rapid. Therefore, the generation of torque reduction is prevented.
As can be seen from the above description, there is an effect of eliminating the drawback that the rotation speed of the reluctance type electric motor cannot be increased, and since only one expensive switching element is provided, the first and third problems are solved. It has an effect.

When the reverse mode is set during normal rotation, the chopper circuit is operating, so the applied voltage to the exciting coil is
The DC power supply voltage and the back electromotive force are added, the rising of the exciting current becomes rapid, the current reaches the set value, and when the energization is cut off, the magnetic energy stored in the exciting coil slows down. , Power flows into the power source and is regenerated. Therefore, there is an effect that regenerative braking can be performed. Therefore, the second problem is solved.

[0007]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Since the same symbols in the drawings are the same members, duplicate description thereof will be omitted. All subsequent angle displays will be displayed in electrical angles. Next, a configuration of a three-phase single-wave reluctance type motor to which the present invention is applied will be described. FIG. 1 is a plan view of a fixed armature and a rotor. In FIG. 1, symbol 1 is a rotor, and the salient poles 1a, 1b, ... Width is 180
, They are arranged at equal pitches with a phase difference of 360 degrees. The rotor 1 is made by a well-known means in which silicon steel plates are laminated. Symbol 5 is a rotation axis. The fixed armature 16 has magnetic poles 16a, 16b, 16c, 16d,
The widths of 16e and 16f are 180 degrees and are arranged at equal intervals. The salient poles and the magnetic poles have the same width of 180 degrees. The number of salient poles is 8 and the number of magnetic poles is 6.
The armature 16 is also made by the same means as the rotor 1.
The magnetic poles 16a, 16b, ...
b, ... Are wound respectively.

FIG. 3 is a development view of the magnetic pole and the rotor shown in FIG. In FIG. 3, the annular portion 16 and the magnetic poles 16a, 16
b, ... Are fixed armatures by being fixed to an outer casing (not shown). The part of symbol 16 is a magnetic core that serves as a magnetic path. The exciting coils 17a and 17d are connected in series or in parallel, and this connected body is referred to as an exciting coil 32a. Excitation coil 17
Similarly, b and 17e and exciting coils 17c and 17f are also connected, and these are referred to as exciting coil 32b and exciting coil 32c, respectively. When the exciting coil 32b is energized, the salient poles 1b and 1f are attracted and the rotor 1 rotates in the direction of arrow A. When rotated 120 degrees, the exciting coil 32b
Is turned off and the exciting coil 32c is turned on. When it is further rotated 120 degrees, the exciting coil 32c is de-energized and the exciting coil 32a is energized. Energization mode is 12
Excitation coil 32a → excitation coil 32b every 0 degree rotation
The exciter coil 32c is replaced by a cycle, and the exciter coil 32c is driven as a three-phase single-wave electric motor. At this time, the magnetic poles located at the axisymmetric positions are magnetized to the N and S poles as shown in the figure. Since the two excited magnetic poles are always of different polarities, the leakage magnetic fluxes passing through the non-excited magnetic poles are in opposite directions to each other, thus preventing generation of anti-torque.

In order to further reduce the above-mentioned leakage magnetic flux, two pairs of the first phase magnetic poles 16a and 16d are set, and the magnetic poles are energized to excite the N and S magnetic poles. The leakage magnetic flux due to each pair of magnetic poles is canceled by the other magnetic poles and disappears, and the leakage magnetic flux is almost eliminated. Other magnetic poles 16b, 16c, ... 16f
Also has a set of two magnetic poles each, and a pair of magnetic poles is excited by the N and S poles. The effect is the same, and the leakage magnetic flux disappears. In this case, the number of salient poles 1a, 1b, ... Is 16. The output torque in this case is doubled. The exciting coils 32a, 32b, 32c are respectively connected to the first, second, and third coils.
It is called a phase excitation coil. Although the number of salient poles of the rotor 1 in FIG. 1 is eight, the present invention can be implemented with four salient poles in order to reduce the diameter of the rotor 1. The number of magnetic poles is six. Coil 10a, 10b, 10c of FIG.
Is a position detecting element for detecting the positions of the salient poles 1a, 1b, ..., It is fixed to the armature 16 side at the position shown in the drawing, and the coil surface has a gap on the side surface of the salient poles 1a, 1b ,. Are facing through. The coils 10a, 10b, 10c are separated by 120 degrees. The coil is an air-core coil having a diameter of 5 millimeters and having about 100 turns. In FIG. 6, the coils 10a, 10
b and 10c, a device for obtaining a position detection signal is shown. In FIG. 6, a coil 10a, resistors 15a, 1
5b and 15c form a bridge circuit, and are adjusted so as to be balanced when not facing the coil 10a or the salient poles 1a, 1b, .... Therefore, the diode 11a, the capacitor 12a and the diode 11b, the capacitor 1
The outputs of the low-pass filters composed of 2b are equal, and the output of the operational amplifier 13 is at a low level. Reference numeral 10 is an oscillator, which oscillates about 1 megacycle. Coil 1
When 0a faces salient poles 1a, 1b, ..., Impedance decreases due to iron loss (eddy current loss and hysteresis loss), so that the voltage drop of the resistor 15a increases and the operational amplifier 1
The output of 3 becomes high level.

The input of the block circuit 18 is the curves 25a, 25b, ... Of the time chart of FIG. 16, and the input via the inversion circuit 13a is the inversion of the curves 25a, 25b ,. Block circuits 14a and 14b of FIG.
Shows the same configuration as the above-mentioned block circuit including the coils 10b and 10c, respectively. Oscillator 1
0 can be commonly used. Block circuit 14a
Of the block circuit 18 and the output of the inverting circuit 13b.
, And their output signals are the inversions of the curves 27a, 27b, ... And the curves 27a, 27b ,. The output of the block circuit 14b and the output of the inverting circuit 13c are input to the block circuit 18,
These output signals are represented by the curves 29a, 2 in FIG.
9b, ... And an inverted version thereof. Curve 25a,
The phases of the curves 27a, 27b, ... Are delayed by 120 degrees with respect to 25b, ..., The phases of the curves 29a, 29b ,.
The block circuit 18 is a circuit commonly used in a control circuit of a three-phase Y-type semiconductor motor, and is a rectangular wave electric signal having a width of 120 degrees from the terminals 18a, 18b, ..., 18f by the input of the position detection signal described above. Is a logic circuit that can be obtained. The outputs of the terminals 18a, 18b, 18c are as shown in FIG.
Curves 36a, 36b, ..., Curves 37a, 37, respectively
b, ..., Curves 38a, 38b ,.
The outputs of the terminals 18d, 18e and 18f are the curves 4 respectively.
3a, 43b, ..., Curves 44a, 44b, ..., Curve 45
a, 45b, ... Terminals 18a and 18
d output signal, terminals 18b and 18e output signal, terminal 1
The phase difference between the output signals of 8c and 18f is 180 degrees. The output signals from the terminals 18a, 18b and 18c are 12 in sequence.
The output signals of the terminals 18d, 18e, and 18f are also sequentially delayed by 120 degrees. Coils 10a, 1
The same effect can be obtained by using aluminum plates of the same shape that rotate synchronously with the rotor 1 of FIG. 1, instead of the salient poles 1a, 1b ...

In the plan view of FIG. 1 and the development view of FIG.
The circular ring 16 and the magnetic poles 16a, 16b, ... Are fixed to the outer casing to form an armature. Symbol 16 and symbols 16a, 16b,
... is called an armature or a fixed armature. The radial magnetic attraction between the magnetized axisymmetric magnetic pole and the salient pole is balanced, so that vibration is suppressed. The energizing means of the exciting coil will be described below with reference to FIG. Exciting coils 32a, 3
Transistors 20 are provided at the lower ends of 2b and 32c, respectively.
a, 20b and 20c are inserted. The transistors 20a, 20b, 20c serve as switching elements and may be other semiconductor elements having the same effect. Power is supplied from the DC power source positive / negative terminals 2a and 2b. In this embodiment, since the transistors 20a, 20b, 20c are located at the lower end of the exciting coil, that is, the power supply negative electrode side, the input circuit for conduction control thereof is characterized by being simplified.

From the terminals 42a, 42b and 42c, as shown in FIG.
Position detection signal curves 36a, 36b, ..., Curve 37a,
37b, ..., Curves 38a, 38b ,. By the input signal described above, the transistors 20a, 20b,
20c receives the base input via the AND circuits 24a, 24b, 24c and becomes conductive, and the excitation coils 32a, 32
b and 32c are energized. The terminal 40 is a reference voltage for designating the exciting current. The output torque can be changed by changing the voltage of the terminal 40. When the power switch (not shown) is turned on,
Since the input of the terminal is lower than that of the + terminal, operational amplifier 4
The output of 0a becomes high level, the transistor 20a becomes conductive, and the voltage is applied to the energization control circuit of the exciting coil. The resistor 22 and the absolute value circuit 27 include an exciting coil 32a,
It is a resistor for detecting the exciting currents of 32b and 32c.

One of the position detection signal curves described above is shown in FIG.
The curve 36a is shown in the first row of the time chart of FIG. In FIG. 10, the armature coil is energized by the width of the curve 36a. The arrow 23a indicates a conduction angle of 120 degrees. In the initial stage of energization, the rise is delayed due to the inductance of the exciting coil, and when the energization is cut off, the stored magnetic energy is recirculated and discharged to the power source, so that the latter half of the curve 25 on the right side of the dotted line J appears. Descend to. Since the section where the positive torque is generated is the section of 180 degrees indicated by the arrow 23, the counter torque is generated and the output torque and the efficiency are reduced. At high speeds, this phenomenon becomes extremely large and unusable.

This is because the time width of anti-torque generation does not change even at high speeds, but the time width of the positive torque generation section 23 decreases in proportion to the rotation speed. The above-mentioned circumstances are the same as for energization of the exciting coil by the position detection signals 36a, 37a, 38a of FIG. Since the rising of the curve 25 is delayed, the output torque is reduced. That is, a reduction torque is generated. This is because the magnetic path is closed by the magnetic poles and the salient poles, and thus has a large inductance. The reluctance type electric motor has the advantage of generating a large output torque, but has the drawback of not being able to increase the rotation speed because of the above-described generation of the counter torque and the reduced torque. The device of the present invention is provided with the small-capacity capacitor 47a, the diode 21a, the semiconductor elements 4a, 4b, 5a, etc. of FIG.
Further, a switching element for controlling energization of the exciting coil (symbol 20
a, 20b, 20c) is used only on the negative voltage side of the power source. When the energization is cut off at the end of the curve 36a, the magnetic energy accumulated in the exciting coil 32a does not flow back to the DC power supply side, but the diode 21
The capacitor 47a is charged to the polarity shown in FIG. Therefore, the magnetic energy disappears rapidly and the current drops rapidly.

First curve 2 of the time chart of FIG.
6a, 26b, and 26c are current curves which flow through the exciting coil 32a, and 120 is between the dotted lines 26-1 and 26-2 on both sides thereof.
It is a degree. The energizing current rapidly drops as shown by the curve 26b to prevent the generation of anti-torque, and the condenser 47a
Is charged and held at a high voltage. Next, the position signal curve 36
The transistor 20a is turned on by b, and the exciting coil 32a is again energized. Since the applied voltage at this time is both the charging voltage of the capacitor 47a and the power supply voltage (voltage of the terminals 2a and 2b), the exciting coil The current of 32a rises rapidly. This phenomenon causes a rapid rise as shown by the curve 26a. The reason for this will be described below. 12
The block circuit 4 provides a differential pulse at the beginning of the position detection signal 36b, and a monostable circuit having the differential pulse as an input produces an electric pulse of a very small width. Since the transistors 4b, 4a and SCR5a are turned on by this electric pulse, the high voltage of the capacitor 47a is applied to the exciting coil 32a to make the rising current rapid, and thereafter, the current of the curve 26c (FIG. 10) is generated by the voltage of the DC power supply. Is obtained. Upon completion of discharging the capacitor 47a, the SCR5
a is converted into non-conduction. As described above, the generation of the reduced torque and the counter torque is eliminated, and the current is supplied in the shape of a rectangular wave, so that the output torque is increased. Other exciting coil 32
b, 32c, diodes 21b, 21c and capacitor 4
The above-mentioned circumstances are exactly the same for the actions of 7b, 47c and SCRs 5b, 5c. From the terminals 5d and 5e, an electric signal having the width of the electric pulse obtained at the beginning of the corresponding position detection signal is input. Diode 33
a, 33b, 33c are excitation coils 32a, 32b, 32
It is for discharging the magnetic energy of c.

Next, the chopper circuit will be described. The exciting current of the exciting coil 32a increases, and the resistance 2 for detecting it increases.
When the voltage drop of 2 increases and exceeds the voltage of the reference voltage terminal 40 (the input voltage of the + terminal of the operational amplifier 40a), the lower input of the AND circuit 24a becomes low level, so that the transistor 20a is turned off. However, the exciting current decreases. Due to the hysteresis characteristic of the operational amplifier 40a, the output of the operational amplifier 40a returns to the high level due to the decrease of the predetermined value, the transistor 20a is turned on, and the exciting current increases. By repeating this cycle, the exciting current is maintained at the set value. The section indicated by the curve 26c in FIG. 10 is the section where the chopper control is performed. The height of the curve 26c is regulated by the voltage of the reference voltage terminal 40. 12
The exciting coil 32b is energized by the position detection signal curves 37a, 37b, ... Inputted from the terminal 42b by the conduction of the transistor 20b having the width, and the operational amplifier 40a, the resistor 22, the absolute value circuit 27 and the circuit 24b chopper. Control is performed. The above-described situation is exactly the same for the exciting coil 32c, and the terminal 24c is connected to the terminal shown in FIG.
The position detection signal curves 38a, 38b, ... Of are input to control the energization of the exciting coil 32c. Transistor 20c, AND circuit 24c, operational amplifier 40a, resistor 2
2. The operation and effect of the absolute value circuit 27 are exactly the same as those described above.

The energization of each exciting coil may be performed either at the point where the salient pole enters the magnetic pole or at the point of 30 degrees. Adjustment is performed in consideration of the rotation speed, efficiency, and output torque, and the positions of the coils 10a, 10b, and 10c serving as position detection elements fixed on the fixed armature side are changed. As can be understood from the above description, the object of the present invention is achieved because a large output and high speed rotation can be efficiently performed as a three-phase single-wave electric motor. In the case of three-phase full-wave energization, the same purpose can be achieved by constructing each one wave by the above-mentioned means.

Curves 26a, 26b, 2 in the first stage of FIG.
6c shows the energization curve of the exciting coil, which is indicated by dotted lines 26-1 and 2
The interval of 6-2 is the width of 120 degrees of the position detection signal, and the dotted line 2
The interval between 6-1 and 26-3 is 180 degrees, which is a section with output torque. Curve 16 a, 16 b, 16 c in the output torque curve, current in terms of the dotted line 26-1 is started and begins to penetrate the pole salient pole at the same time. The curve 16 a is when the current of the exciting coil is small and the torque is flat, but the peak value of the torque moves to the left as shown by the curves 16 b and 16 c as the current increases, and the width of the peak value increases. It becomes awkward. The position detection coils 10a and 1a are set so that the point where the energization is started is an intermediate point of the section that is 30 degrees apart from the point where the salient pole enters the magnetic pole in consideration of the torque characteristic and the energized current value described above.
It is ideal to adjust the fixed positions of 0b and 10c. Since the charging voltage of the capacitors 47a, 47b, 47c is higher when the capacitance is smaller, the rising and falling of the energization curve can be made rapid, and a high-speed motor can be obtained, which is a drawback of the reluctance motor. The drawback of low speed can be eliminated. It is preferable to use a capacitor having a small capacity as long as the charging voltage does not damage the transistor of the circuit.

Since there is no field magnet, electromagnetic braking for decelerating or stopping cannot be performed, and regenerative braking cannot be performed. Therefore, it cannot be used as a servomotor or a drive motor for an electric vehicle. The invention eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks.
The details will be described below. In FIG. 12, transistors 17a, 17b and 17c, which are semiconductor switching elements, are connected in parallel to capacitors 47a, 47b and 47c. In the case of regenerative braking, the transistor 41 is inserted.

In order to reverse the rotation for braking during the normal rotation, the input signals of the terminals 42a, 42b, 42c are input to the position detection signal curves 43a, 43b, ..., Curves 44a, 44b of FIG.
.., curves 45a, 45b, .. Next, details will be described when regenerative braking is performed in the reverse rotation mode during forward rotation. The energization of the exciting coil 32a in the normal rotation mode will be described. In FIG. 11, the curve 36a indicates the terminal 4
2a is an input position detection signal. Arrow 38-1 is 120
Shows the range of degrees. Transistors 17a, 1 of FIG.
8a is conducted by the input of the base terminal 27a, but the conduction angle is the width of the arrow 38-2 in FIG. 11, and the predetermined angle at the starting end is removed. In order to obtain the above input signal,
The differential pulse at the starting end of the curve 36a energizes the monostable circuit to obtain an electric signal of a predetermined width as its output. This electric signal and the position detection signal can be obtained as outputs of an OR circuit having two inputs. The other transistor 17b,
The input signal of the base terminal 27b of 18b and the input signal of the base terminal 27c of the transistors 17c and 18c can be obtained from the corresponding position detection signals by the same means. The transistors 17a and 17b described above,
The control of 17c is performed in the reverse rotation mode during regenerative braking, and in the forward rotation mode, the base terminals 27a, 27
The objects of the present invention can be achieved even if b and 27c are held at the ground level and the respective transistors are held in the non-conducting state or the conduction control is performed in the forward rotation mode as in the reverse rotation mode.

The rising portion of the current of the exciting coil 32a is
As shown by the curve 38a, the high voltage of the capacitor 47a causes the speed to increase. At the beginning of the curve 38a, the transistor 17a is held in a non-conducting state, so that the capacitor 4
The accumulated electrostatic energy of 7a is converted into the magnetic energy of the exciting coil 32a without short-circuit discharge. When the output of the operational amplifier 40a is converted to the low level, the transistor 20a is converted to non-conduction, so that the magnetic energy is returned to the power supply side via the transistor 17a and the current of the exciting coil 32a is reduced, as shown by the curve 38b. When it decreases to a predetermined value, the output becomes high level due to the hysteresis characteristic of the operational amplifier 40a, and the transistor 20
When a is conducted, the current increases as shown by the curve 38c. It becomes a chopper circuit that repeats such a cycle. Such a chopper circuit may be another well-known means.

At the end of the curve 36a, the transistor 20a,
Since 17a becomes non-conductive, the current due to the release of the stored magnetic energy rapidly drops because it charges the capacitor 47a. Therefore, as described above, the reduction torque and the counter torque are prevented from being generated, and a high-speed and high-efficiency electric motor is obtained. The exciting current value can be controlled by the voltage of the reference voltage terminal 40. The above-mentioned circumstances are exactly the same for the other exciting coils 32b and 32c. A case where the mode is changed to the reverse mode during the normal rotation to decelerate will be described with reference to the lower curve of FIG. In the case of a motor with a large output, it is necessary to perform regenerative braking and return the kinetic energy of the rotor and the load to the power supply. Next, the means will be described. In order to decelerate or stop during the forward rotation, the purpose is achieved by switching to the reverse rotation mode. Explaining the exciting coil 32a in the reverse rotation mode, the electromotive force is in the direction of arrow 30, and the voltage applied to the exciting coil 32a is V + E. V is the voltage of the terminals 2a and 2b, and E is the counter electromotive force, that is, the electromotive force due to the decrease in the amount of magnetic flux interlinking the exciting coil 32a with rotation. Therefore, when the position detection signal of the second stage curve 43a of the time chart in FIG. 11 rapidly increases to the set value as indicated by the dotted lines 35a, 35c, ..., The output of the operational amplifier 40a becomes low level, so that the transistor 20a. Becomes non-conductive, and the energization direction due to the release of the accumulated magnetic energy of the exciting coil 32a and the direction of the counter electromotive force are the same. During forward rotation,
Although the energizing directions are opposite to each other, since the braking torque is generated because of the reverse rotation mode, the energizing directions are the same. Therefore, the diodes 21a,
The current flowing through 33a causes the stored magnetic energy to recirculate through the transistor 17a to the power supply voltage converted into the voltage of V−E, so the degree of decrease in the energizing current is
It is smaller than the case of normal rotation, and the width of the descending part becomes larger.
Therefore, it becomes as shown by the dotted lines 35b and 35d in FIG. When it decreases to a predetermined value, its output becomes high level due to the hysteresis characteristic of the operational amplifier 40a, the transistor 20a becomes conductive again, and the exciting current rapidly increases. It becomes a chopper circuit that repeats such a cycle. The function and effect of the capacitor 47a at the beginning and the end of each position detection signal are exactly the same as in the normal rotation. The width of the dotted lines 35a, 35c, ... In FIG. 11 is smaller than the width of the dotted lines 35b, 35d ,. Electric power is consumed in the section of the dotted lines 35a, 35c, ..., However, since the time width is small, the electric power is small. In the dotted lines 35b, 35d, ..., Energy of the rotor and the load is converted into electric power and is returned to the power source. Since this time width is large, there is an effect that regenerative braking is performed. When the predetermined deceleration is completed, the normal operation can be resumed by returning to the normal operation. When the applied voltage is increased, it can be set to about 30,000 rpm, for example. When used as a servomotor, the number of salient poles 1a, 1b, ... Of FIG.
By a well-known means in which teeth having the same width as the salient pole width are provided at the portions of the b, ... effective.

The above-mentioned effects are obtained by the exciting coil 32b,
The same applies to 32c. Arrow 38- in FIG.
Reference numeral 2 indicates the conduction width of the transistor 17a in FIG. The starting end of the position detection signal curve 43a is deleted by a predetermined width. Since this elimination width differs depending on the configuration of the motor, the high voltage electrostatic energy of the capacitors 47a, 47b, 47c in FIG.
It is necessary to have a minimum width of deletion that can prevent the discharge from being caused by the conduction of c and prevent it from being converted into magnetic energy for the rise of energization of the exciting coil. In the normal mode, the base terminal 41b of the transistor 41a is held at the high level, and when the mode is converted to the reverse mode, the output when the output terminal of the operational amplifier 40a becomes the high level is input from the terminal 41b. Therefore, since the transistors 41a, 41 are made conductive for the time width of the curves 35a, 35c, ... In FIG. 11, the exciting coil 32a is supplied from the power supply, and the transistor 41 is made non-conductive for the width of the curves 35b, 35d ,. Transistor 1
Electric power can be regenerated to the power source side via 7a. The above-mentioned circumstances are the same for the other exciting coils 32b and 32c.

Next, the case of electromagnetic braking instead of regenerative braking will be described. In this case, the transistor 41 is removed. In the case of the reverse rotation mode, the curves 35a, 35 of FIG.
c, ... rises rapidly, and curves 35b, 35d,
The width of ... Becomes large, and in this section, the accumulated magnetic energy of each exciting coil is the diode 21a, 21b,
Via 21c and the transistors 17a, 17b, 17c, there is a Juille loss in each exciting coil, and a part is regenerated to the power supply.

Next, the output torque of the salient pole and the magnetic pole in the 180-degree section will be described. In the time chart of FIG. 16, the curves 42 and 42-1 at the bottom are indicated by arrows 34a (180
Output torque is shown in degrees. When the exciting current is small, the output torque is symmetrical as shown by the curve 42-1 and has a flat torque characteristic. When the exciting current is large and the magnetic flux approaches the saturation value, an asymmetric torque curve is obtained as shown by the curve 42. That is, when the salient pole begins to enter the magnetic pole, the torque rapidly increases, then becomes flat, and then gradually decreases. When the exciting current further increases, the flat portion almost disappears. In the normal / reverse rotation mode, when the exciting coil having the width of the central portion is energized, and the torque curve is symmetrical (curve 42-1), the output torque characteristic during the normal / reverse rotation does not change. However, in the case of asymmetry, there is a disadvantage that the output torque characteristic changes. However, there is no practical problem because the deceleration torque only decreases during deceleration in the reverse rotation mode. In the case of 120 degree energization, in the normal rotation mode, it is a general means to energize the exciting coil by the width of the arrow 34b.
It may be energized once. The latter case is effective for high-speed rotation of tens of thousands of revolutions per minute.

As can be understood from the above description, by setting the reverse rotation mode during the forward rotation, regenerative braking is performed and the electric motor can be decelerated. Fig. 12 shows the deceleration torque.
It can be regulated by the voltage of the terminal 40. The following means are used to decelerate and stop. If the voltage of the terminal 40 is set to a voltage proportional to the rotation speed at the same time as the deceleration mode, the deceleration torque decreases as the speed is reduced, and when the motor is stopped, the exciting coil current also becomes zero, and the motor can be stopped. The block circuit 28 of FIG. 12 is a circuit that changes the input voltage of the + terminal 40c in proportion to the rotation speed of the electric motor. When the changeover switch 40b is switched at the same time when the mode is changed to the reverse rotation mode for regenerative braking so that the output voltage of the block circuit 28 is input to the operational amplifier 40a, the voltage of the terminal 40c drops as the motor decelerates. Therefore, the exciting current also decreases. The electric motor is stopped by such braking. It is possible to obtain a stopping characteristic similar to the braking stopping action when the armature coil of the electric motor having the magnet rotor is short-circuited.

Next, the embodiment shown in FIG. 13 will be described. The difference between the embodiment of FIG. 13 and the embodiment of FIG. 12 is the configuration described below. The transistors 20a, 20b, 20c are
It is inserted on the positive voltage side of each exciting coil to control the exciting current. That is, the outputs of the AND circuits 24a, 24b, 24c control the opening / closing of the transistors 20a, 20b, 20c via the transistors 22a, 22b, 22c. The chopper circuit by the operational amplifier 40a is also shown in FIG.
It has exactly the same effect as. SCR 5a, 5b, 5c
Also, with the small-capacity capacitors 47a, 47b, and 47c, the action and effect that the rise and fall of the corresponding exciting coils are made rapid to achieve high speed and high efficiency are the same as those by the members with the same symbols in FIG. The difference from FIG. 12 is that regenerative braking can be performed, but mere electromagnetic braking cannot be performed. Next, the explanation will be given. Since the others are similar, the exciting coil 32a will be described as an example.
If the reverse rotation mode is set in the forward rotation mode, the exciting current rises rapidly when the transistor 20a conducts, as in the case of FIG. 12, and the exciting current value regulated to the positive voltage of the terminal 40c or 40 causes the transistor 20a to operate. Convert to non-conducting. Therefore, the magnetic energy accumulated in the exciting coil 32a is released in the order of diode 21a → transistor 17a → DC power source → diode 33a and is decelerated by the reverse torque, and the magnetic energy is returned to the power source for regenerative braking. Transistors 17a, 17b, 17c, 1
The conduction control of 8a, 18b and 18c is performed in exactly the same way as in the case of FIG.

The same purpose can be achieved by removing the capacitors 47a, 47b, 47c and replacing them with capacitors 46a, 46b, 46c. The case of the normal rotation mode will be described. Transistor 20a at the end of the position detection signal
Is converted to non-conduction, the magnetic energy stored in the exciting coil 32a charges the small-capacity capacitor 46a to a high voltage. Therefore, the current drops rapidly. In the normal mode, the transistors 17a, 17b, 17c, 18
a, 18b and 18c are held in a non-conductive state. When the transistor 20a becomes conductive at the beginning of the next position detection signal, the SCR 5a, transistor 4a,
Since 4b is conducting for a predetermined time, the high voltage of the capacitor 46a is applied to the exciting coil 32a to make the rise of the current rapid. Since the energization control of the other exciting coils 32b and 32c is performed in the same manner, the object of the present invention is achieved.
When the reverse rotation mode is set during the normal rotation, the regenerative braking can be performed since the conduction control of the transistors 17a, 17b, 17c is switched at the same time as the position detection signal so that the conduction control is performed in the same manner as in the previous embodiment.

Next, an embodiment of a three-phase full-wave electric motor will be described. One example of the configuration of the electric motor in this case is shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a development view thereof. In FIG. 5, the magnetic rotor 1 fixed to the rotary shaft has 180
.., 10 salient poles 1a, 1b, ... The fixed armature 16 is provided with 12 magnetic poles 16a, 16b, ..., 12 having a width of the winding portion of the exciting coil of 120 degrees at equal pitches. The armature 16 is fixed inside the outer casing, and the rotary shaft is rotatably supported by bearings provided on the side plates on both sides of the outer casing. Excitation coils 17a, 17b, ... Are attached to the magnetic poles 16a, 16b ,. Coil 10a, 10b, 10c for position detection
Are fixed to the armature 16 side at 120 ° apart from each other and face the side surfaces of the salient poles 1a, 1b ,. The electric circuit for obtaining the position detection signal from the coils 10a, 10b, 10c is the electric circuit of FIG. 6 described above, and the position detection signal shown by each curve of the time chart of FIG. 16 is obtained.

Each magnetic pole is excited by the exciting coil into N and S magnetic poles as shown in the figure. Excitation coil 17a, 17g
Connected in series or in parallel with the exciting coil 32a
I call it. Other exciting coils 17b and 17h, exciting coils 17c and 17i, exciting coils 17d and 17j, exciting coils 17e and 17k, exciting coils 17f and 17l, which are connected in the same manner, are exciting coils 32f and 32, respectively.
They are referred to as b, 32d, 32c and 32e. Position detection signal curves 36a, 36b, ..., 37a, 37b of FIG.
, 38a, 38b, ... Energize the exciting coils 32a, 32b, 32c by the width, and detect the position detection signal 45.
a, 45b, ..., 43a, 43b, ..., 44a, 44
b, ... Excitation coils 32f, 32d,
When 32e is energized, the rotor 1 rotates in the direction of arrow A as a three-phase full-wave energizing motor. The above-described energization mode can also be expressed as follows. The exciting coils 32a, 32b, 32c are respectively connected to the first, second, and third coils.
Excitation coil 32d, 32e, 3
2f are referred to as the first , second and third exciting coils, respectively. Both are energized with a single wave.

The one-phase excitation coil of consists of the first, the first exciting coil, the exciting coil of the 2,3-phase, respectively the second, the second exciting coil and the third, constituted by a third exciting coils To be done. Position detection signal curves 36a, 36b, ..., 3
, 7a, 37b, ..., 38a, 38b, ... Are referred to as position detection signals of the first, second, and third phases, respectively, and position detection signal curves 43a, 43b ,.
..., the curves 45a, 45b ... are respectively denoted by the first , second and third curves.
It is called a position detection signal of the phase. In FIG. 14, the position detection signals input from the terminals 42a, 42b, and 42c are referred to as position detection signals of the first, second, and third phases, respectively,
The position detection signals input from the terminals 42d, 42e and 42f are referred to as first , second and third position detection signals, respectively. The exciting coils 32a, first a first phase 32d respectively, the first exciting coil, the exciting coil 32 b, 32e and exciting coils 32c, second 32f and the second respectively the third phase, the second excitation The coil is referred to as a third and third exciting coil.

Next, referring to FIG. 14, an embodiment of the energization control circuit in the case of three-phase single-wave energization according to the present invention will be described. Terminal 42
The position detection signals of a, 42b, 42c are input to the curves 36a, 36b, ..., Curves 37a, 37 of FIG. 16, respectively.
b, ..., Curves 38a, 38b ,. The armature coils 32a, 32b, 32c are sequentially energized with a width of 120 degrees. Operational amplifier 40a, absolute value circuit 27,
The resistor 22, the reference voltage terminal 40, and the like are the same members as the members with the same symbols in the previous embodiment, and form a chopper circuit that holds the armature current at a set value. When the armature coil 32a, which is energized by the input of the terminal 43a, is de-energized, the stored magnetic energy charges the small-capacity capacitor 46a to a high voltage to the polarity shown in the figure via the diodes 21a and 33a.
At this time, the transistor 20a is kept non-conductive. When the rotor rotates 240 degrees, the transistor 20c becomes conductive due to the input of the terminal 42c, and the armature coil 32
The energization of c is started, but at the same time, the transistors 4a, 4
Since b and the SCR 5a become conductive, the high voltage of the capacitor 46a is applied and the rising of the energizing current becomes rapid. The smaller the capacitance of the capacitor 46a, the more rapidly the current rises, but since it is charged to a high voltage, it is necessary to consider the withstand voltage of other semiconductor elements and use a capacitor having a small capacitance. The discharge current of the capacitor 46a is
c, the transistor 20c, and the resistor 22. When the transistor 20a is turned off, the accumulated magnetic energy in the armature coil 32a is transferred to the diode 2
The capacitor 46a is charged to a high voltage via 1a, 33a and the resistor 22.

The transistor 20c is rendered conductive by the input of the position detection signal at the terminal 42c. At this time, an electric pulse at the starting end of the transistor 20c is obtained from the block circuit 4 (having the same function as in the previous embodiment), Transistor 4b,
Since the 4a and the SCR 5 are turned on, the high voltage of the capacitor 46a is applied to the exciting coil 32c, which has the effect of making the rise of energization rapid. When the transistor 20b is turned on by the input of the position detection signal of the terminal 42b, the electric pulse at the start end of the transistor 20b causes the block circuit 4, the transistor 4a,
The circuit having the same configuration as that of 4b inputs SC to the terminal 5e.
Conduct R5c. Therefore, the high voltage of the capacitor 46c is applied to the exciting coil 32b to make the rise of the current rapid. Even when the transistor 20a is made conductive by the input of the position detection signal of the terminal 42a, the SCR 5b is made conductive by the input of the electric pulse of the terminal 5d.
The high voltage of 6b is applied to the exciting coil 32a to make the rise of the current rapid. Transistors 20a, 20b, 2
When 0c is converted to non-conduction at the end of the position detection signal,
The magnetic energy accumulated in each exciting coil is charged in the small-capacity capacitors 46a, 46b, 46c to make the current drop rapidly. As described above, the object of the present invention is achieved.

Transistors 17a, 17b, 17c, 1
The circuits of 8a, 18b, 18c and terminals 27a, 27b, 27c perform the same operations as the members with the same symbols in the previous embodiment. Therefore, when the reverse rotation mode is set for braking during normal rotation, regenerative braking is performed during operation of the chopper circuit. The block circuit G is the transistors 41, 41 of FIG.
When the block circuit G interrupts the circuit in the reverse rotation mode, the regenerative braking is performed. When the circuit is turned on, the braking is performed by converting kinetic energy into heat energy generated by the exciting coil. Switching circuit 4
The action of 0b is also the same as in the previous embodiment. A block circuit B is added in the case of three-phase dual wave energization. The block circuit B has the same configuration as the above-mentioned circuit for controlling the energization of the armature coils 32d, 32e, 32f. Terminals 42d, 4
The electric signals of the position detection signal curves 43a, 43b, ... Of FIG. 16 and the lower two series of curves are input to 2e and 42f, respectively, and each armature coil is energized with a width of 120 degrees. Has been done. The chopper circuit is also attached independently. With the above configuration, a three-phase full-wave energized reluctance type electric motor that achieves the object of the invention can be obtained. Also in the case of the embodiments of FIGS. 12 and 13, the addition of the block circuit B makes it possible to construct a three-phase full-wave electric motor.

Curves 31a, 31b and 31c in FIG. 10 are energization curves of the exciting coils 32a and 32d by the position detection signals 36a, 43a and 36b, respectively. Curve 31d,
Reference numeral 31e is an energization curve of the exciting coils 32b and 32e by the position detection signals 37a and 44a, respectively. Curve 31
g, 31h, 31f are position detection signals 38a, 4 respectively.
5a and 45b are energization curves of exciting coils 32c and 32f. Means for converting the electric motor from the normal rotation mode to the reverse rotation mode will be described below. Terminals 42a, 42b, 4
The position detection signals input to 2c are input to terminals 42d,
42e, 42f, and terminals 42d, 42e, 4
The position detection signals input to 2f are input to terminals 42a,
When input to 42b and 42c, the electric motor reverses. The input switching means described above will be described with reference to FIG. In FIG. 9, terminals 8a, 8b, ..., 8f have position detection signal curves 36a, 36b ,.
7b, ..., Curves 38a, 38b, ..., Curves 43a, 43
b, ..., Curves 44a, 44b, ..., Curves 45a, 45
b, ... Are input. When the input of the terminal 66 is high level, the AND circuits 66a, 66c, 66e, 66
The lower input of g, 66i, 66k becomes high level,
, 65f through the OR circuits 65a, 65b, ..., 65f
A position detection signal for normal rotation is obtained from a, 9b, ..., 9f. The output signals of the terminals 9a, 9b, ...
, 42f are input to the terminals 42a, 42b, ... When the input of the terminal 66 is set to the low level, the high level electric signal is input to the lower side of the AND circuits 66b, 66d, ..., 66l by the inverting circuit 66a, so that the OR circuits 65a, 65b ,. ,
A position detection signal for reverse rotation is obtained from the terminals 9a, 9b, ..., 9f. Therefore, forward / reverse rotation can be performed by the input signal of the terminal 66.

When the salient pole enters the magnetic pole and the energization of the exciting coil is started at a point of 30 degrees, and the energization is stopped by rotating the energization coil by 120 degrees, the coils 10a, 10 serving as position detecting elements are stopped.
When the positions of b and 10c are adjusted and fixed to the armature side, the salient poles enter the magnetic poles and the exciting coil is energized at a point of 30 degrees to rotate 120 degrees in both forward and reverse rotations. Since the power supply is stopped due to this, there is an effect that the output torques during forward and reverse rotation become substantially equal. The output torque is regulated only by the reference voltage (the voltage at the terminal 40 in FIGS. 12, 13, and 14), and is thus independent of the applied voltage. Therefore, the power supply terminal 2
Since the ripple voltages of a and 2b are not so related to each other, the capacitor for rectifying the AC power supply does not need to have a large capacity, and the capacitor has a smaller capacity when the AC power supply has three phases. The feature is that the power supply can be simplified.

Next, an embodiment of a two-phase electric motor will be described. 2 is a plan view showing the configuration, and FIG. 4 is a development view. 2 and 4, the annular portion 16 and the magnetic poles 16a, 16
b, ... Are made by well-known means for stacking silicon steel plates, and fixed to an outer casing (not shown) to form an armature. Symbol 1
A portion 6 is a magnetic core that serves as a magnetic path. Magnetic poles 16a, 16
Exciting coils 17a, 17b, ... Are wound around b ,. The salient poles 1a, 1b, ... Are provided on the outer peripheral portion of the rotor 1 and face the magnetic poles 16a, 16b ,. Rotor 1
Is also made by the same means as the armature 16. The number of salient poles is 10, and the spacing angles are equal. Magnetic pole 16
The widths of a, 16b, ... Are equal to the salient pole width, and eight pieces are arranged at the same pitch. Exciting coils 17b, 17f, 1
When 7c and 17g are energized, the salient poles 1b, 1g, 1c,
1 h is sucked and rotated in the direction of arrow A. When rotated 90 degrees, the energization of the exciting coils 17b and 17f is stopped,
Since the exciting coils 17d and 17h are energized, the salient pole 1
Torque is generated by d and 1i. Magnetic poles 16b and 16c
Is an N pole, and the magnetic poles 16f and 16g are S poles. This is because the magnetization of this polarity reduces the anti-torque due to the leakage of magnetic flux. In the next rotation of 90 degrees, the magnetic poles 16c, 16d and 1
6g and 16h have the illustrated N and S polarities. In the next 90 degree rotation, and in the next 90 degree rotation, each magnetic pole is sequentially magnetized to the illustrated polarity. Due to the above-mentioned excitation, the rotor 1
Is a two-phase electric motor that rotates in the direction of arrow A. The width between the magnetic poles is 1.5 times the width of the salient pole.
Moreover, since the space for mounting the exciting coil is large, it is possible to use a thick electric wire, which has the effect of reducing copper loss and increasing efficiency. Since the reluctance type electric motor has no field magnet, it is necessary to increase the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic poles up to the magnetic flux. Therefore, the large space between the magnetic poles has an important meaning.
The number of salient poles in FIG. 4 is ten, which is larger than that of this type known in the related art. Therefore, although the counter torque is generated by the discharge of the magnetic energy accumulated in each magnetic pole due to the excitation, the output torque is increased, but the rotation speed is reduced, and the problem remains and it cannot be put to practical use. However, according to the means of the present invention, the above-mentioned inconvenience is eliminated, only the effect of increasing the output torque is added, and the effect of regenerative braking can be achieved. The details will be described later.

The energization angle of the exciting coil can be 90 to 120 degrees. The case of the energization angle of 90 degrees will be described below with reference to FIG. In FIG. 15, exciting coils K and M
Is the excitation coils 17a, 17e and 17c, 17 of FIG.
g, respectively, and the two exciting coils are connected in series or in parallel. A transistor 20a is inserted at the lower end of the exciting coil K. Transistor 20a
Is a semiconductor switching element and may be another semiconductor element having the same effect. DC power supply positive / negative terminals 2a, 2
Power is being supplied from b. Block circuit P, Q, R
Are for controlling energization of the exciting coils L, M, N, respectively, and have exactly the same configuration as that of the exciting coil K. When a high-level electric signal is input from the terminal 42a, the transistor 20a becomes conductive and the exciting coil K is energized. When a high-level electric signal is input from the terminal 42c, the transistor becomes conductive and the exciting coil M is energized. The coils 10d and 10c in FIG. 4 have the same structure as the coils 10a, 10b and 10c described above, and are for facing the side surfaces of the salient poles 1a, 1b, ... To obtain a position detection signal. Next, a means for obtaining the position detection signal input from the terminals 42a, 42b, ... Will be described.
In FIG. 7, the coils 10d and 10e are fixed to the fixed armature 16 at the positions shown in FIG. Symbol 10 is an oscillator having a frequency of about 1 megacycle. Coil 10
d, 10e, resistors 19a, 19b, 19c, 19d are
It becomes a bridge circuit, and coils 10d and 10e are salient poles 1.
When facing a, 1b, ..., The bridge circuit is balanced and the two inputs of the operational amplifiers 46a, 46b become equal. The input described above is rectified by the diode and converted into direct current. The smoothing capacitors 12a and 1 shown in FIG.
With the addition of 2b, rectification is complete, but not necessary. Removing the capacitor becomes an effective means when integrated into an integrated circuit. The output of the operational amplifier 46a by the coil 10d is 2 by the inverting circuits 13g and 13h.
It is inverted once and is input to the AND circuits 29a and 29b. This input signal becomes a rectangular wave and is shown as curves 50a, 50b, ... In the time chart of FIG. The output of the operational amplifier 46b, that is, the position detection signal curves 52a, 52b, ...
It is input to the AND circuits 29b and 29c. This input signal is shown as curves 52a, 52b, ... In FIG. The coils 10d and 10e are separated by (360 + 90) degrees. Therefore, the phase difference between the curves 50a, 50b, ... And the curves 52a, 52b ,.

The output between the inverting circuits 13g and 13h (the lower input of the AND circuits 29c and 29d) is the curve 51.
a, 51b, ... The lower input of the AND circuit 29a and the upper input of the AND circuit 29d are the curves 53a, 5
3b, ... The output of the output terminal 48a of the AND circuit 29a is the curves 50a, 50b, ... And the curves 53a, 53.
Since only the part where b, ...
4a, 54b, ... And are separated by 360 degrees with a width of 90 degrees. The output signals from the output terminals 48b, 48c, and 48d of the AND circuits 29b, 29c, and 29d are the same for the same reason.
Curves 55a, 55b, ..., Curves 56a, 56 of FIG.
b, ..., Curves 57a, 57b ,. The reason for using the two inverting circuits 13g and 13h in FIG. 7 will be described later. The position detection signal described above is used in the circuit of FIG. The details will be described below. Excitation coil 1
7b and 17f connected in series or in parallel are referred to as exciting coil L, and those having the same connection of exciting coils 17d and 17h are referred to as exciting coil N. Transistors for energization control are connected to the lower ends of the exciting coils L and N in FIG. Terminals 42a, 42b, 42c, 42d
The outputs of the terminals 48a, 48b, 48c and 48d of FIG.

The exciting coil K is energized by the width of the position detection signal input to the terminal 42a, and the rise and fall of the energization are rapid due to the diode 21a and the capacitor 47a, as in the previous embodiment. AND circuit 24a,
The operation of the resistor 22, the absolute value circuit 27, the operational amplifier 40a, and the reference voltage terminals 40 and 40c is the same as that of the previous embodiment with the same symbols, and the energizing current of the exciting coil K is changed to the voltage of the terminal 40 or 40c by the chopper circuit. The value is held in proportion. Curves 30a and 30b in FIG. 10 represent the energizing currents of the exciting coils K and M due to the input of the position detection signal curves 54a and 56a, respectively. The dotted line shows the section where the chopper control is performed. The energization of the excitation coils L and N by the position detection signals input to the terminals 42b and 42d is similarly controlled by the resistor 22, the absolute value circuit 27, and the operational amplifier 40a, and the rise and fall of energization become rapid, and the current value is chopper. Depending on the circuit, terminal 40 or 40
It is regulated by the voltage of c. Curves 30c and 30 of FIG.
d shows the energizing currents of the exciting coils L and N by the input of the position detection signal curves 55a and 57a, respectively, and the dotted line shows the section where the chopper control is performed.

The first and first position detection signals of the first phase input from the terminals 42a and 42c of FIG.
4a, 54b, ... And curves 56a, 56b ,. The second phase of the second phase input to the terminals 42b and 42d
The second position detection signals are curves 55a, 55b,
, And curves 57a, 57b ,. Since the first and first position detection signals are input to the terminals 42a and 42c, respectively, conduction control of each transistor is performed, and the exciting coil K and the exciting coil M of the first phase correspond to each position detection signal. Then, energization with a width of 90 degrees is performed. Terminals 42b, 42
The second and second position detection signals are input to d, the conduction control of each transistor is performed, and the excitation coil L and the excitation coil N of the second phase are energized by the width of each position detection signal. To be done.

The angle at which the energization is started after the salient pole enters the magnetic pole can be changed to 0 degree or 45 degrees as required. With the above configuration, the motor is a two-phase full-wave motor. In FIG. 4, the magnetic pole width may be 120 degrees and the number of magnetic poles may be 8n (n is a positive integer). In this case, the number of salient poles correspondingly increases. The output torque increases as the number of magnetic poles increases. However, the rotation speed decreases.

If there is a gap at the boundary between the curves 54a, 55a, ..., Exciting current is not supplied at the time of starting, and the starting becomes unstable. The means for eliminating such a gap is the inverting circuits 13g and 13h described above with reference to FIG. Coil 10
Since the diameters of d and 10e are finite, the operational amplifier 46
When the output signals of a and 46b are inclined at the rising and falling portions thereof and therefore the inversion circuits 13g and 13h are not provided, when the output of the rectangular wave of the position detection signal is logically processed, the curve 5
Voids may be generated at the boundaries of 4a, 55a, .... By using the inversion circuits 13g and 13h, the above-mentioned defects can be eliminated.

Next, regenerative braking will be described in which the motor is decelerated in the reverse rotation mode during normal rotation. To perform reverse rotation, terminal 4
The input signals of 1a, 41b, 41c and 41d may be input to the terminals 41c, 41d, 41a and 41b, respectively.
A switching circuit for this purpose is shown in FIG. Also in the reverse rotation mode, the excitation current is controlled in the same manner as in the normal rotation mode. However, if the mode is switched to the reverse rotation mode during the normal rotation, a loud shock noise may be generated and the exciting coil may be burned. This is because when the reverse rotation mode is set, the direction of the counter electromotive force of the excited coil becomes the same as the energization direction, and a large exciting current flows. In the device of the present invention, even when the reverse rotation mode is set, since the chopper action is maintained, the exciting current is held at the set value, and the above-mentioned inconvenience does not occur.
Therefore, it is possible to decelerate in the reverse rotation mode during the forward rotation, and the deceleration torque can be changed by controlling the voltage of the reference voltage terminal 40c. Therefore, it can be used as a drive source for a servomotor or an electric vehicle.
In a well-known reluctance type electric motor, in order to prevent generation of a counter torque, energization is started before the salient pole enters the magnetic pole. If the electric motor is rotated in the reverse direction, the output torque is greatly reduced and the torque ripple is increased, which is unusable. In this embodiment, since the exciting coil is energized from the point where the salient pole penetrates the magnetic pole by 45 degrees even during reverse rotation, the output torque hardly changes in either forward or reverse rotation, and the above-mentioned drawbacks are eliminated. There is a feature to be.
Since the reluctance type electric motor has no field magnet, there is no means for electromagnetically braking the rotor 1 when the power is turned off. Next, a means for eliminating such inconvenience will be described.

The inputs to the terminals 58a, 58b, 58c, 58d are the electric signals of the curves 54a, 54b, ... Of FIG. Terminals 61a, 6
The outputs of 1b, 61c and 61d are the terminals 42a,
42b, 42c, 42d, respectively. When the input of the terminal 62 is high level, the AND circuit 59
Outputs a, 59b, ..., 59d are obtained, and the terminals 58
Outputs of a, 58b, ..., 58d are output from the terminal 42 of FIG.
, 42d are input, so that the electric motor rotates in the normal direction. When the input of the terminal 62 is converted to the low level, the outputs of the AND circuits 59e, 59f, 59g, 59h are obtained, and the outputs of the terminals 61a, 61b, 61c, 61d are the curves 56a, 56b, ..., The curve 57a, respectively. 57b,
..., curves 54a, 54b, ..., curves 55a, 55b, ...
Therefore, the electric motor reverses. In FIG. 8, the terminal 58
The inputs of a, 58b, 58c and 58d are shown in FIG.
, And the electric signals of the curves in the lower stage in sequence. Terminals 61a, 61b, 61c, 61d
Is output from the terminals 42a, 42b, 42c, 42 of FIG.
It is input to each d. When the input of the terminal 62 is at high level, the AND circuits 59a, 59b, ..., 59
The output of d is obtained and the terminals 58a, 58b, ..., 58d
, Which is the input of the terminals 42a, 42b, ..., 42d in FIG. 15, the electric motor rotates in the normal direction. When the input of the terminal 62 is converted to the low level, the AND circuits 59e, 59f, 5
Outputs of 9g and 59h are obtained, and terminals 61a, 61b,
The outputs of 61c and 61d are the curves 56a and 56d, respectively.
b, ..., Curves 57a, 57b, ..., Curves 54a, 54
.., curves 55a, 55b, ..., the motor is reversed.

During the forward rotation, the current of the exciting coil is changed by the chopper circuit as in the previous embodiment by the curves 38a, 38 of FIG.
It is energized as indicated by b, .... In this embodiment, the energization section is 90 degrees. When the reverse rotation mode is set by the circuit of FIG. 8, the current is supplied as indicated by the curves 35a, 35b, ...
Regenerative braking is performed in the section c, .... Since the energizing current can be changed by the voltage of the terminal 40c, the reverse rotation torque can also be changed. Therefore, deceleration can be controlled, and braking can be stopped. The operation of the transistors 17a and 18a in FIG. 15 in the case of regenerative braking is the same as in the previous embodiment. Block circuits 41a, 41b, 4
Reference numeral 1c is for regenerating the magnetic energy of the exciting coils L, M and N, respectively, and has a circuit similar to that of the exciting coil K. The block circuit G is also a circuit having the same effect as that of the same symbol in the previous embodiment, and by opening and closing the block circuit G, regenerative braking and conversion into two modes for converting mechanical energy into heat energy of the exciting coil, respectively. You can In each embodiment, the output torque can be increased by providing teeth on the magnetic poles and salient poles. Since the device of the present invention is configured to rotate at high speed, only the advantage that the output torque can be increased can be obtained and an effective technical means can be provided. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the number of magnetic poles may be 6n (n is a positive integer). The number of salient poles correspondingly increases. There is an effect that the output torque increases and the rotation speed does not decrease. This is an effective technology for electric motors with large diameters.

Even if a transistor for controlling the energization of each exciting coil is inserted in the upper end of the exciting coil, it can be implemented by the same means as the embodiment of FIG. The exciting coils K and M in FIG. 15 are alternately energized with a width of 90 degrees. The same applies to the exciting coils L and N. By utilizing such action, the present invention can be implemented by the means described below. The exciting coils K and M will be described. When the energization of the exciting coils K and M of FIG. 15 is stopped, magnetic energy is accumulated in the capacitor 47a via the diode to make the rise of the current rapid. When the energization of the exciting coil M is started, the high voltage of the capacitor 47a causes the current to rise rapidly. Further, even when the energization of the exciting coil K is started, the rising of the current is made rapid by the high voltage of the capacitor 47a. By the above means, the number of capacitors corresponding to the capacitor 47a becomes two, and the number of transistors (indicated by symbols 17a and 18a) connected in parallel for regenerative braking becomes two, which also simplifies the circuit. is there. In FIG. 12, the emitters of the transistors 17a, 17b, 17c are connected to the negative voltage sides of the exciting coils 32a, 32b, 32c, respectively, as shown by dotted lines 17-1, 17-2, 17-3, and the same purpose is achieved. Can be achieved. In this case, the base terminals 27a, 27b, 27c
Each of the input signals can be the width of the corresponding input position detection signal. That is, the width of the arrow 38-2 in FIG. 11 does not have to be set. The above-mentioned circumstances are exactly the same for the other embodiments.

[0048]

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION First Effect When energization of one exciting coil is stopped, the stored magnetic energy is converted into electrostatic energy of a capacitor, which is then converted into magnetic energy of the exciting coil to be energized next. is doing. Therefore, by changing the capacity of the capacitor, rise and fall of the energizing current can be controlled at a required speed, so that an efficient electric motor can be obtained at high speed rotation. Second effect An electric motor with low ripple torque can be obtained. Third effect Only one power element for controlling the energization of the exciting coil is required, and the control circuit is simplified and the cost is reduced. Fourth Effect The chopper circuit can hold the exciting current at a set value and can perform regenerative braking or electromagnetic braking.

[0049]

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a three-phase single-wave reluctance motor according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view of a two-phase full-wave reluctance motor according to the present invention.

3 is a development view of magnetic poles and salient poles of the electric motor of FIG.

4 is a development view of magnetic poles and salient poles of the electric motor of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a development view of magnetic poles and salient poles of a three-phase full-wave reluctance motor.

FIG. 6 is an electric circuit diagram of a three-phase position detection device.

FIG. 7 is an electric circuit diagram of a two-phase position detection device.

FIG. 8: Switching circuit for forward / reverse rotation mode of position detection signal of two-phase full-wave motor

FIG. 9: Switching circuit for forward / reverse rotation mode of position detection signal of three-phase full-wave motor

FIG. 10 is a time chart of a position detection signal, a conduction current, and an output torque.

FIG. 11 is a graph of the energizing current of the exciting coil in the forward / reverse mode.

FIG. 12: Energization control circuit for exciting coil of three-phase single-wave energization

FIG. 13 is another embodiment of the energization control circuit for the exciting coil for three-phase single-wave energization.

FIG. 14: Energization control circuit for exciting coil for three-phase full-wave energization

FIG. 15: Energization control circuit for excitation coil for two-phase full-wave energization

FIG. 16: Time chart of position detection signal of three-phase reluctance type electric motor

FIG. 17 is a time chart of a position detection signal of a two-phase reluctance electric motor.

[0050]

[Explanation of symbols]

1, 1a, 1b, ... Rotor and salient pole 5 Rotating shafts 16, 16a, 16b, ... Armature and magnetic poles 17a, 17b, ..., 32a, 32b, 32c, K,
L, M, N ... Excitation coil 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d, 10e ... Position detection coil 25a, 26a, 26b, ..., 30a, 30b, ..., 3
1a, 31b, ..., 35a, 35b, ..., 38a, 38
b, ... exciting current curve 16 a, 16 b, 16 c , 42,42-1 torque curve B, P, Q, block circuit 27 ... absolute value circuit 4, 28 for the energization control of R excitation coil, G, 41a , 41b, 41c Block circuit 2a, 2b DC power supply positive / negative

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[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] October 8, 1992

[Procedure Amendment 1]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0004

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[0004]

In a multi-phase reluctance type electric motor provided with a fixed armature and a magnetic rotor, a plurality of magnetic reluctance motors are arranged on an outer peripheral surface of the magnetic rotor at equal widths and at equal separation angles. The salient poles and the magnetic poles projecting from the inner peripheral surface of the fixed armature, which are in axial symmetry, have the same phase, face the salient poles with a slight gap, and are arranged at equal pitches. The width of the magnetic pole to be mounted in the circumferential direction is 2n (n is 3) with an electrical angle of 120 to 180 degrees.
(A positive integer above), exciting coils of a plurality of phases attached to the magnetic poles, a position detecting device for detecting a rotational position of the salient poles to obtain a position detecting signal of a plurality of phases, and 1 of each exciting coil. One first switching element inserted at the end, a DC power supply for supplying a series connection of the exciting coil and the first switching element, and a plurality of phase exciting coils corresponding to the plurality of phase position detection signals, respectively. An energization control circuit that conducts the connected first switching element for the width of the position detection signal to energize the exciting coil to obtain an output torque, and when the first switching element is turned off at the end of the position detection signal. In addition, the magnetic energy accumulated in the exciting coil from the negative electrode side of the exciting coil is charged and held in the small-capacity capacitor by flowing through the diode, and the electric current is rapidly reduced in the exciting coil. When the magnetic rotor is rotated by a set angle and the energization of the exciting coil is started via the first switching element which is conducted by the position detection signal, it is synchronized with the conduction of the switching element. An electric circuit in which the electrostatic energy accumulated in the small-capacitance capacitor flows in from the positive voltage side of the exciting coil via a semiconductor element that is conducted to make the rise of the energizing current a fish speed; The first corresponding by the position detection signal of the phase
A switching device which conducts a switching element to switch the mode to a normal rotation or reverse rotation mode, a detection circuit which detects that the energizing current of the exciting coil exceeds a predetermined value and obtains a detection electric signal, and the detection electric circuit. A chopper circuit that holds the energizing current at a predetermined value by converting the first switching element connected to the exciting coil to a non-conducting state by a signal and making it conductive after a prescribed time, and the negative side of the exciting coil → the diode described above → Second switching element → Power supply positive electrode → Power supply negative electrode → Diode reversely connected to the exciting coil → Electrically closed circuit consisting of the positive electrode side of the exciting coil and only the section corresponding to the section where the exciting coil of each phase is energized Electrical circuit that keeps the switching element of and conductive, and during normal rotation,
When switching to the reverse mode, the rising portion of the current during the energization by the chopper circuit is made rapid by adding the electromotive force and the DC power supply voltage due to the decrease in the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the exciting coil, and the current drop portion. In the above, a voltage obtained by adding an electromotive force due to a decrease in the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the exciting coil and an electromotive force due to the release of magnetic energy accumulated by the exciting coil causes a current to flow to the positive side of the DC power source through the second switching element. It is composed of an electric circuit that performs inflow to regenerate electric power and slows down the current drop portion to perform braking.

[Procedure Amendment 2]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0018

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

The first stage curves 26a, 26b, 2 in FIG.
6c shows the energization curve of the exciting coil, which is indicated by dotted lines 26-1 and 2
The interval of 6-2 is the width of 120 degrees of the position detection signal, and the dotted line 2
The interval between 6-1 and 26-3 is 180 degrees, which is a section with output torque. Curve 16 a, 16 b, 16 c in the output torque curve, current in terms of the dotted line 26-1 is started and begins to penetrate the pole salient pole at the same time. The curve 16 a is when the current of the exciting coil is small and the torque is flat, but the peak value of the torque moves to the left as shown by the curves 16 b and 16 c as the current increases, and the width of the peak value increases. It becomes awkward. The position detection coils 10a and 1a are set so that the point where the energization is started is an intermediate point of the section that is 30 degrees apart from the point where the salient pole enters the magnetic pole in consideration of the torque characteristic and the energized current value described above.
It is ideal to adjust the fixed positions of 0b and 10c. Since the charging voltage of the capacitors 47a, 47b, 47c is higher when the capacitance is smaller, the rising and falling of the energization curve can be made rapid, and a high-speed motor can be obtained, which is a drawback of the reluctance motor. The drawback of low speed can be eliminated. It is preferable to use a capacitor having a small capacity as long as the charging voltage does not damage the transistor of the circuit.

[Procedure 3]

[Document name to be amended] Statement

[Correction target item name] 0038

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

The energization angle of the exciting coil can be 90 to 120 degrees. The case of the energization angle of 90 degrees will be described below with reference to FIG. In FIG. 15, exciting coils K and M
Is the excitation coils 17a, 17e and 17c, 17 of FIG.
g, respectively, and the two exciting coils are connected in series or in parallel. A transistor 20a is inserted at the lower end of the exciting coil K. Transistor 20a
Is a semiconductor switching element and may be another semiconductor element having the same effect. DC power supply positive / negative terminals 2a, 2
Power is being supplied from b. Block circuit P, Q, R
Are for controlling energization of the exciting coils L, M, N, respectively, and have exactly the same configuration as that of the exciting coil K. When a high-level electric signal is input from the terminal 42a, the transistor 20a becomes conductive and the exciting coil K is energized. When a high-level electric signal is input from the terminal 42c, the transistor becomes conductive and the exciting coil M is energized. The coils 10d and 10e in FIG. 4 have the same configuration as the coils 10a, 10b and 10c described above, and are for facing the side surfaces of the salient poles 1a, 1b, ... To obtain a position detection signal. Next, a means for obtaining the position detection signal input from the terminals 42a, 42b, ... Will be described.
In FIG. 7, the coils 10d and 10e are fixed to the fixed armature 16 at the positions shown in FIG. Symbol 10 is an oscillator having a frequency of about 1 megacycle. Coil 10
d, 10e, resistors 19a, 19b, 19c, 19d are
It becomes a bridge circuit, and coils 10d and 10e are salient poles 1.
When not facing a, 1b, ..., The bridge circuit is balanced and the two inputs of the operational amplifiers 46a, 46b become equal. The input described above is rectified by the diode and converted into direct current. The smoothing capacitors 12a and 1 shown in FIG.
With the addition of 2b, rectification is complete, but not necessary. Removing the capacitor becomes an effective means when integrated into an integrated circuit. The output of the operational amplifier 46a by the coil 10d is 2 by the inverting circuits 13g and 13h.
It is inverted once and is input to the AND circuits 29a and 29b. This input signal becomes a rectangular wave and is shown as curves 50a, 50b, ... In the time chart of FIG. The output of the operational amplifier 46b, that is, the position detection signal curves 52a, 52b, ...
It is input to the AND circuits 29b and 29c. This input signal is shown as curves 52a, 52b, ... In FIG. The coils 10d and 10e are separated by (360 + 90) degrees. Therefore, the phase difference between the curves 50a, 50b, ... And the curves 52a, 52b ,.

[Procedure amendment 4]

[Document name to be corrected] Drawing

[Name of item to be corrected] Fig. 12

[Correction method] Change

[Correction content]

[Fig. 12]

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A multi-phase reluctance motor comprising a fixed armature and a magnetic rotor, and a plurality of salient poles arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the magnetic rotor at equal widths and at equal spacing angles. The magnetic poles projecting from the inner peripheral surface of the fixed armature and in axial symmetry have the same phase, face the salient poles with a slight air gap, are arranged at equal pitches, and have magnetic poles to which the exciting coil is attached. Of 2n (n is a positive integer not less than 3) magnetic poles having a width in the circumferential direction of 120 to 180 degrees in electrical angle, a plurality of phases of exciting coils mounted on the magnetic poles, and salient poles. A position detection device that detects a rotational position to obtain a position detection signal of a plurality of phases, one first switching element inserted at one end of each excitation coil, and a series connection of the excitation coil and the first switching element. For the DC power supply that supplies power to the connector and the position detection signals of multiple phases An energization control circuit that conducts the first switching elements connected to the corresponding multi-phase excitation coils for the width of the position detection signal to energize the excitation coils to obtain output torque, and the first switching elements detect the position. When the signal is converted to non-conductivity at the terminal, the magnetic energy accumulated in the exciting coil is charged from the negative side of the exciting coil through the diode into the small-capacity capacitor and held to hold the energizing current of the exciting coil. When the electric circuit that makes the descent rapidly and the magnetic rotor rotate by a set angle and the energization of the exciting coil is started via the first switching element that is conducted by the position detection signal, The electrostatic energy stored in the small-capacitance capacitor flows from the positive voltage side of the exciting coil through the semiconductor element that is turned on in synchronism with the turning on of the switching element. At least an electric circuit that makes the rise of the energizing current rapid, a switching device that conducts the corresponding first switching element by the position detection signals of the above-mentioned multiple phases to switch the mode to the normal rotation or reverse rotation mode, and the excitation coil A detection circuit that detects that the energizing current has increased beyond a predetermined value and obtains a detection electric signal, and the detection electric signal converts the first switching element connected to the exciting coil to non-conduction for a predetermined time. A chopper circuit that holds the energizing current at a predetermined value by making it conductive later, and the negative side of the exciting coil → the diode described above → the second switching element → the positive electrode of the power source → the negative electrode of the power source → the diode reversely connected to the exciting coil → the exciting coil The electrically closed circuit consisting of the positive electrode side and the second switching element are held in conduction only in the section corresponding to the section in which the excitation coil of each phase is energized. The electric circuit and the DC power supply voltage due to the decrease in the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the exciting coil at the rising part of the current during the energization section by the chopper circuit when switching to the reverse mode during forward rotation. The second switching element is added by the voltage obtained by adding the electromotive force due to the decrease of the amount of magnetic flux interlinking with the exciting coil and the electromotive force due to the release of the magnetic energy accumulated by the exciting coil in the current drop portion. A reluctance-type electric motor capable of regenerative braking, which is configured by an electric circuit that causes a current to flow through a positive electrode side of a DC power source to regenerate electric power and slows a current drop portion to perform braking.