JPH0210287B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0210287B2 JPH0210287B2 JP60193715A JP19371585A JPH0210287B2 JP H0210287 B2 JPH0210287 B2 JP H0210287B2 JP 60193715 A JP60193715 A JP 60193715A JP 19371585 A JP19371585 A JP 19371585A JP H0210287 B2 JPH0210287 B2 JP H0210287B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- bearing
- shaft
- region
- move
- during operation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
- G01H1/003—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C17/12—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load
- F16C17/24—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load with devices affected by abnormal or undesired positions, e.g. for preventing overheating, for safety
- F16C17/246—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load with devices affected by abnormal or undesired positions, e.g. for preventing overheating, for safety related to wear, e.g. sensors for measuring wear
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
- G01M13/045—Acoustic or vibration analysis
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明はポンプ等の回転機械に使用されている
軸受の診断装置に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a diagnostic device for bearings used in rotating machines such as pumps.
従来の軸受の異常を診断する方策としては、例
えば実開昭50−134542号公報に示されるように、
軸受の表面あるいは裏金温度を計測するのが、一
般的である。また、他の方策として軸振動振幅の
測定により、間接的に軸受の異常を診断するもの
もある。
As a conventional method for diagnosing abnormalities in bearings, for example, as shown in Japanese Utility Model Application No. 134542/1983,
It is common to measure the temperature of the bearing surface or backing metal. In addition, as another measure, there is a method of indirectly diagnosing a bearing abnormality by measuring the shaft vibration amplitude.
前述した従来の軸受温度計測によるものは、軸
受に作用する荷重方向が一定しない場合には、多
数の温度センサを埋込む必要があると共に、温度
の応答性が悪いため、異常温度を検出して機械に
トリツプをかけても、軸受の焼損を十分に防止で
きなかつた。また、軸振幅計測によるものにおい
ては、軸振動振幅の異常増大が軸受に起因するか
どうか判然としなかつた。
The conventional method of measuring bearing temperature mentioned above requires embedding a large number of temperature sensors when the direction of the load acting on the bearing is not constant, and the temperature response is poor, making it difficult to detect abnormal temperatures. Even when the machine was tripped, it was not possible to sufficiently prevent the bearing from burning out. Furthermore, in the case of shaft amplitude measurements, it was unclear whether the abnormal increase in shaft vibration amplitude was caused by the bearings.
本発明は上述の事柄にもとづいてなされたもの
で、軸受の異常を適確に診断することができる軸
受診断装置を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made based on the above-mentioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a bearing diagnostic device that can accurately diagnose abnormalities in a bearing.
本発明の上記の目的は、初期の軸受内における
軸の動きうる領域を記憶する記憶装置と、軸の振
動を検出するセンサからの信号にもとづいて前記
の領域と運転中に測定した軸の動く領域とを演算
し比較して軸受を診断する演算装置とで構成する
ことにより達成される。
The above-mentioned object of the present invention is to provide a storage device for storing the range of possible movement of the shaft in the initial bearing, and a storage device for storing the range of possible movement of the shaft in the bearing, and a storage device for storing the range of movement of the shaft measured during operation based on the signal from the sensor for detecting the vibration of the shaft. This is achieved by comprising a calculation device that calculates and compares the area and diagnoses the bearing.
センサにより軸受内部もしくは近傍の軸のＸ、
Ｙ方向の軸振動を測定し、あらかじめ記憶装置に
記憶してある初期のジヤーナル軸受内の軸の動き
うる領域と、運転中の軸の動く領域とを比較して
軸受の摩耗部の位置許定、摩耗量の程度、軸振動
振幅の評定を行い、その良否を診断するようにし
たものである。
The sensor detects the X of the shaft inside or near the bearing,
The shaft vibration in the Y direction is measured, and the position of the worn part of the bearing is determined by comparing the possible movement area of the shaft in the initial journal bearing stored in the memory device with the movement area of the shaft during operation. , the degree of wear and the amplitude of shaft vibration are evaluated to diagnose whether they are good or bad.
以下本発明の実施例を図面を用いて説明す。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
第１図は本発明の装置の一例の構成を示すもの
で、回酢軸１は、軸受２で支持されている。回転
軸１の振動は軸受中央に設けたセンサ３，４で測
定するものとする。５は演算装置、６は記憶装
置、７は表示装置、８は警報装置である。 FIG. 1 shows the configuration of an example of the device of the present invention, in which a rotating shaft 1 is supported by a bearing 2. As shown in FIG. It is assumed that the vibration of the rotating shaft 1 is measured by sensors 3 and 4 provided at the center of the bearing. 5 is a calculation device, 6 is a storage device, 7 is a display device, and 8 is an alarm device.
説明を単純化するために、軸受２は第２図に示
すように半径すきまCrの真円軸受とし、運転中
軸は軸受２の中心OB（０、０）よりＸ方向にX0、
Ｙ方向にY0偏心した位置OJで振動振幅ａの円振
動軌跡９をしているものとする。 To simplify the explanation, the bearing 2 is a perfect circular bearing with a radial clearance Cr as shown in Fig. 2, and during operation the shaft is rotated in the X direction from the center O B (0, 0 ) of the bearing 2.
It is assumed that the circular vibration locus 9 has a vibration amplitude a at a position OJ eccentric to Y0 in the Y direction.
この時、初期（摩耗前）の軸１の軸受２内を動
きうる領域は、
X2＋Y2≦Cr2 ……(1)
で表わされる。 At this time, the initial (before wear) region in which the shaft 1 can move within the bearing 2 is expressed as: X 2 +Y 2 ≦Cr 2 (1).
また、運転中の軸１の動く領域は、 （Ｘ−X0）2＋（Ｙ−Y0）2＝a2 ……(2) で表わされる。 Further, the movement area of the shaft 1 during operation is expressed as (X-X 0 ) 2 +(Y-Y 0 ) 2 =a 2 (2).
従つて、上記の式(1)で得られるあらかじめ記憶
していた領域と、上記の式(2)で得られる運転中の
領域とを運転中に比較することにより、摩耗深さ
ｈ、摩耗中心θ0＝θ2−θ1／２、摩耗長Ｌ＝Ｒ（θ2−
θ1）
〔ここでＲ：軸受半径〕等を容易に算出できる。 Therefore, by comparing the pre-memorized area obtained by the above equation (1) and the operating area obtained by the above equation (2) during operation, the wear depth h and the wear center can be determined. θ 0 = θ 2 - θ 1 /2, wear length L = R (θ 2 -
θ 1 ) [where R: bearing radius] etc. can be easily calculated.
また、例えば許容振動振幅領域１０、即ち（Ｘ
−X0）2＋（Ｙ−Y0）2≦a2、許容摩耗深さｈhaを
あらかじめ設定し記憶しておけば、運転の継続
（ａaa、ｈha）、またはきん急停止（ａ＞aaも
しくはｈ＞ha）等の診断が明確に行える。 Furthermore, for example, the allowable vibration amplitude region 10, that is, (X
-X 0 ) 2 + (Y-Y 0 ) 2 ≦a 2 , by setting and memorizing the allowable wear depth hh a in advance, you can continue operation (aa a , hh a ) or suddenly stop (a ＞a a or h＞h a ), etc. can be clearly diagnosed.
以上の説明からわかるように、軸受２は真円軸
受に限定されない。但し、式(1)を軸受形状に応じ
て変化させ得ることは言うまでもない。また軸振
動も円振動に限定されない。但し式(2)を軸振動の
軌跡に応じて変化させ得ることは言うまでもな
い。 As can be seen from the above description, the bearing 2 is not limited to a perfect circular bearing. However, it goes without saying that equation (1) can be changed depending on the shape of the bearing. Further, shaft vibration is not limited to circular vibration. However, it goes without saying that equation (2) can be changed depending on the locus of shaft vibration.
軸振動の測定位置は、第１図では軸受２の中央
としたが、軸受近傍の片側のみでもよく、また両
側で測定してもよい。なお両側で測定した場合
は、平均値をとつて、軸受中央部に対応する値に
変換して評価するものとする。 Although the shaft vibration is measured at the center of the bearing 2 in FIG. 1, it may be measured only on one side near the bearing, or on both sides. If measurements are taken on both sides, the average value shall be taken and evaluated by converting it to the value corresponding to the center portion of the bearing.
以上述べた診断解析を実現するために、記憶装
置６には、式(1)に示す初期の軸１の動きうる領
域、許容振幅aa、許容摩耗深さha等があらかじめ
記憶されている。また、演算装置５では、センサ
３，４からの信号により式(1)、(2)によつて得られ
る運転中の軸１の動く領域とを演算すると共にこ
れらを比較することにより、摩耗の深さｈ、摩耗
中心θ0、摩耗長Ｌ、軸振動振幅ａなどを計算し、
許容値aa、haと比較して、各計算結果を表示装置
に表示する。さらに軸振動振幅ａ、摩耗深さｈの
どちらかが許容値を越えた場合、警報を発すると
共に、機械をトリツプする。 In order to realize the diagnostic analysis described above, the storage device 6 stores in advance the initial movable area of the shaft 1, the allowable amplitude a a , the allowable wear depth h a, etc. shown in equation (1). . In addition, the calculation device 5 calculates the movement area of the shaft 1 during operation obtained by equations (1) and (2) using the signals from the sensors 3 and 4, and compares these to reduce wear. Calculate the depth h, wear center θ 0 , wear length L, shaft vibration amplitude a, etc.
Each calculation result is compared with the allowable values a a and h a and displayed on a display device. Further, if either the shaft vibration amplitude a or the wear depth h exceeds a permissible value, an alarm is issued and the machine is tripped.
なお、前述の実施例ではすべり軸受に通用した
ものであるが、スラスト軸受にも適用することが
できる。 In addition, although the above-mentioned embodiment was applicable to a sliding bearing, it can also be applied to a thrust bearing.
以上述べたように、本発明によれば、軸のＸ、
Ｙ方向の振動を測定することにより、軸振動の測
定だけでなく軸受の摩耗部の位置評定、摩耗の程
度が算出できるので、運転の継続かまたは停止の
判断精度を向上させ、回転機械の大事故を防止で
きる効果がある。
As described above, according to the present invention, the axis X,
By measuring the vibration in the Y direction, it is possible to not only measure the shaft vibration, but also to evaluate the position of the worn part of the bearing and calculate the degree of wear, which improves the accuracy of decisions on whether to continue operation or stop, and improves the accuracy of large-scale rotating machinery. It has the effect of preventing accidents.
第１図は本発明の装置の一例を示す構成図、第
２図は本発明の装置の動作説明するための軸受内
の回転軸の位置関係を示す図である。
１……回転軸、２……軸受、３……センサ、５
……演算装置、６……記憶装置、７……表示装
置、８……警報装置。
FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an example of the device of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the positional relationship of rotating shafts within a bearing to explain the operation of the device of the present invention. 1...Rotating shaft, 2...Bearing, 3...Sensor, 5
...Arithmetic device, 6...Storage device, 7...Display device, 8...Alarm device.
Claims (1)
における軸の動きうる領域を記憶する記憶装置
と、軸の振動を検出するセンサからの信号にもと
づいて前記の領域と、運転中に測定した軸の動く
領域とを演算し比較することにより軸受を診断す
る演算装置とを備えたことを特徴とした軸受診断
装置。 ２ 演算装置は初期の領域からはみだした運転中
の領域にもとづいて、摩耗の程度を算出すること
を特徴とする特許請求の範囲第１項記載の軸受診
断装置。 ３ 演算装置は初期の領域からはみ出した運転中
の領域の軸受の回転方向の位置にもとづいて摩耗
部分の位置を算出することを特徴とする特許請求
の範囲第１項記載の軸受診断装置。 ４ 記憶装置はあらかじめ軸受の許容摩耗深さ軸
の動きうる許容領域、危険領域等を記憶してお
り、演算装置は前記記憶装置の記憶値と運転中の
軸の動く領域とを比較して持続運転、緊急停止等
の診断をすることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第
１項記載の軸受診断装置。[Scope of Claims] 1. A device for diagnosing a bearing, which includes a storage device that stores an initial region in which the shaft can move within the bearing, and a memory device that stores the region in which the shaft can move within the bearing, and a sensor that detects vibration of the shaft. 1. A bearing diagnostic device comprising: a calculation device that diagnoses the bearing by calculating and comparing the measured shaft movement area. 2. The bearing diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein the arithmetic unit calculates the degree of wear based on an area during operation that extends beyond an initial area. 3. The bearing diagnostic device according to claim 1, wherein the arithmetic unit calculates the position of the worn part based on the position in the rotational direction of the bearing in the region during operation that extends beyond the initial region. 4. The storage device stores in advance the allowable wear depth of the bearing, the allowable range in which the shaft can move, the dangerous region, etc., and the calculation device compares the stored values in the storage device with the range in which the shaft can move during operation. The bearing diagnostic device according to claim 1, characterized in that it diagnoses operation, emergency stop, etc.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60193715A JPS6170218A (en) | 1985-09-04 | 1985-09-04 | Bearing diagnosing device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60193715A JPS6170218A (en) | 1985-09-04 | 1985-09-04 | Bearing diagnosing device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6170218A JPS6170218A (en) | 1986-04-11 |
| JPH0210287B2 true JPH0210287B2 (en) | 1990-03-07 |
Family
ID=16312585
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP60193715A Granted JPS6170218A (en) | 1985-09-04 | 1985-09-04 | Bearing diagnosing device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS6170218A (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63135237U (en) * | 1987-02-26 | 1988-09-05 | ||
| JPH04315016A (en) * | 1991-04-11 | 1992-11-06 | Toshiba Corp | Device for monitoring vibration abnormality for rotary machine |
| US8136405B2 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2012-03-20 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method and device for monitoring the dynamic behavior of a rotating shaft, in particular of a gas or steam turbine |
| DE102018220110A1 (en) * | 2018-11-23 | 2020-05-28 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Condition monitoring for a plain bearing using vibration measurement |
| JP2021104483A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-07-26 | 川崎重工業株式会社 | Wear detection device |
-
1985
- 1985-09-04 JP JP60193715A patent/JPS6170218A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6170218A (en) | 1986-04-11 |
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