GB1572281A - Method and device for detecting the wear of the bearings of a rotary shaft - Google Patents

Method and device for detecting the wear of the bearings of a rotary shaft Download PDF

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Publication number
GB1572281A
GB1572281A GB33261/77A GB3326177A GB1572281A GB 1572281 A GB1572281 A GB 1572281A GB 33261/77 A GB33261/77 A GB 33261/77A GB 3326177 A GB3326177 A GB 3326177A GB 1572281 A GB1572281 A GB 1572281A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
sensors
signals
engine
crankshaft
wear
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GB33261/77A
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Publication of GB1572281A publication Critical patent/GB1572281A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
    • F01M11/10—Indicating devices; Other safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/12—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load
    • F16C17/24—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load with devices affected by abnormal or undesired positions, e.g. for preventing overheating, for safety
    • F16C17/246—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement characterised by features not related to the direction of the load with devices affected by abnormal or undesired positions, e.g. for preventing overheating, for safety related to wear, e.g. sensors for measuring wear
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
    • G01B7/144—Measuring play on bearings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
    • G01M13/04—Bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N2250/00—Measuring
    • F16N2250/32—Inductive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16N—LUBRICATING
    • F16N2250/00—Measuring
    • F16N2250/38—Piezo; x-tal

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices With Unspecified Measuring Means (AREA)
  • A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)

Description

(54) IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO A METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING THE WEAR OF THE BEARINGS OF A ROTARY SHAFT (71) We, SOCIETE D'ETUDES DE MACHINES THERMIQUES S.E.M.T., a French Body Corporate of 2 Quai de Seine-93 202 Saint-Denis, France, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a Patent may be granted to us. and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The present invention relates generally to a method and a device for detecting the wear of the bearings of a rotary shaft, more specifically those of the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, e.g. a marine medium-speed diesel engine.
It is known that the wear of the main bearings of the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine e.g. a marine diesel engine, presents very important technical problems which may have extremely serious consequences. Indeed, a slight wear of the surfaces of the main bearings of such a crankshaft can be the cause of misalignment of the shaft, resulting in shaft breakage. Constant checking and maintenance of the crankshaft main bearings do not allow such a failure to be completely avoided. Periodic inspections of the crankshaft main bearings have therefore to be carried out frequently.
Such periodic inspections require much time and money and are a great inconvenience to the owner. However, such periodic inspections have up to the present been considered as a lesser evil than crankshaft breakage at any moment of engine operation.
The invention has precisely for its purpose to remedy the above drawbacks by means of a method and a device for automatically detecting the wear of the main bearings of such a crankshaft.
According to the present invention there is provided a method of detecting the wear of the bearings of a rotary shaft, such as the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, having a plurality of journal surfaces supported within a corresponding number of bearings, wherein the method comprises the steps of detecting the radial positions of at least a plurality of the journal surfaces of the shaft relative to corresponding fixed locations vertically opposite said journal surfaces, comparing each detected radial position with a corresponding predetermined reference position, comparing the said detected radial positions to one another and starting an alarm signal when the deviation of any of the detected radial positions with respect to the corresponding predetermined reference position becomes at least equal to a predetermined value or when the difference between two detected radial positions becomes at least equal to another predetermined value.The invention also provides an internal combustion engine with a device for carrying out the method as in the preceding paragraph in which said device comprises proximity sensors placed in fixed locations vertically above at least a plurality of the journal surfaces of the crankshaft of the engine for detecting the radial positions of the journal surfaces relative to the corresponding fixed locations vertically opposite to said journal surfaces and for producing signals representing said positions; a processing circuit for receiving each of said signals and comparing it with a corresponding predetermined reference value and with the other signal or signals; and an alarm circuit adapted to be set in operation when the deviation of at least one of said signals from the corresponding reference value is at least equal to a predetermined value or when the difference between two signals is at least equal to another predetermined value.
It is understood, that the wear detecting method and device according to the invention allow the afore-mentionerd, highly expensive periodic inspections to be dispensed with and a correct functioning of an engine crankshaft to be secured much more reliably.
In particular, the method and device according to the invention allow a defect to be detected as soon as it appears and its development to be watched continuously so as to ascertain that it remains smaller than a critical value when it cannot be remedied immediately.
The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing in which the single ,Figure diagrammatically illustrates a device according to the invention for detecting the wear of the main journals of an internal combustion engine.
The appended drawing shows a crankshaft or engine shaft, such as for example that of a high-power medium-speed diesel engine comprising a great number of cylinders. The crankshaft 10 comprises a certain number of main journals 11 by means of which it is supported while in rotation, and crankpins 12 of the connecting rods of the engine.
Proximity sensors C are mounted in close proximity to the main journals of the shaft 10, for example within the main bearing caps 13 (shown diagrammatically by a hatched region) in a corresponding cavity.
The proximity sensors C are arranged immediately above the surfaces of the main journals of the shaft 10, in substantially vertical relationship to the longitudinal axis 14 of the shaft, i.e. at the location where the detected defects are likely to be greatest.
The proximity sensors C are of a type that does not make contact with the associated main journal surface and may consist for example of sensors available on the market such as the variableinduction sensor TW 12 marketed by Vibrometre or the magnetic field- variation sensor KD 2300 marketed by Kaman.
The sensors are connected by conductors 15 to the inputs of either a digital or an analog processing circuit 16 which con- tinuously compares the signals transmitted from the sensors C with predetermined reference values supplied to it by a circuit 17. The output of the processing circuit 16 is connected to an alarm signalling circuit 18 as appears from the drawing.
Any defect in one of main journals 11 of the rotary shaft 10, such as for example poor lubrication, may result in a relatively slight wear of the surface coating or lining of the corresponding journal causing cracks or clefts to appear in the journal and eventually leading to crankshaft breakage.
The sensors C continuously measure the distance separating them from the rotating surface of the corresponding journals 11 and transmit te the processing circuit 16 electric signals representative of the said distance.
In circuit 16, the values or amplitudes of these signals are continuously compared with reference values representative, for example, of a critical threshold, and as soon as one of the signals becomes equal to or greater than a corresponding reference value, i.e. when the critical threshold is reached, the processing circuit 16 starts an alarm signal through the medium of circuit 18.
The reference value or values may represent the mean value of the distance of the shaft journal surfaces and the sensors C in a normal condition corresponding to normal wear at the end of the "running-in" period of a new crankshaft. The deviations of the signals from the sensors C and the said mean value are then determined and compared with one another. So long as they remain substantially equal to one another and less than a predetermined critical value they do not seriously affect the strength of the crankshaft as they are caused by a uniform and normal wear which does not require the alarm signal to be started. If, on the contrary, the deviations substantially differ from one another, or if they exceed or are equal to the predetermined critical threshold, the alarm signal is started.
The circuit 18 is therefore advantageously so designed as to allow the amplitudes of the signals from the sensors C to be compared with a reference value representative of a mean position, with a critical value representative to a threshold that is not to be exceeded, and also the amplitudes of such signals to be compared with one another. The said amplitudes and/or the results of the comparison may be continuously displayed on the device 18.
In the preferred form of embodiment of the invention, the detection of the distances separating the sensors C from the corresponding rotating surfaces of the main journals takes place continuously, and so does the processing of the signals in the circuit 16. If desired, however the processing may be discontinuous or periodical.
The invention, therefore, mitigates the need for excessively inconvenient and expensive inspections of the engine, while at the same time ensuring a much more reliable operation of the engine than hitherto.
WHAT WE CLAIM IS: 1. A method of detecting the wear of the bearings of a rotary shaft, such as the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, having a plurality of journal surfaces supported within a corresponding number of bearings, wherein the method comprises the steps of detecting the radial positions
**WARNING** end of DESC field may overlap start of CLMS **.

Claims (9)

**WARNING** start of CLMS field may overlap end of DESC **. invention allow the afore-mentionerd, highly expensive periodic inspections to be dispensed with and a correct functioning of an engine crankshaft to be secured much more reliably. In particular, the method and device according to the invention allow a defect to be detected as soon as it appears and its development to be watched continuously so as to ascertain that it remains smaller than a critical value when it cannot be remedied immediately. The invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawing in which the single ,Figure diagrammatically illustrates a device according to the invention for detecting the wear of the main journals of an internal combustion engine. The appended drawing shows a crankshaft or engine shaft, such as for example that of a high-power medium-speed diesel engine comprising a great number of cylinders. The crankshaft 10 comprises a certain number of main journals 11 by means of which it is supported while in rotation, and crankpins 12 of the connecting rods of the engine. Proximity sensors C are mounted in close proximity to the main journals of the shaft 10, for example within the main bearing caps 13 (shown diagrammatically by a hatched region) in a corresponding cavity. The proximity sensors C are arranged immediately above the surfaces of the main journals of the shaft 10, in substantially vertical relationship to the longitudinal axis 14 of the shaft, i.e. at the location where the detected defects are likely to be greatest. The proximity sensors C are of a type that does not make contact with the associated main journal surface and may consist for example of sensors available on the market such as the variableinduction sensor TW 12 marketed by Vibrometre or the magnetic field- variation sensor KD 2300 marketed by Kaman. The sensors are connected by conductors 15 to the inputs of either a digital or an analog processing circuit 16 which con- tinuously compares the signals transmitted from the sensors C with predetermined reference values supplied to it by a circuit 17. The output of the processing circuit 16 is connected to an alarm signalling circuit 18 as appears from the drawing. Any defect in one of main journals 11 of the rotary shaft 10, such as for example poor lubrication, may result in a relatively slight wear of the surface coating or lining of the corresponding journal causing cracks or clefts to appear in the journal and eventually leading to crankshaft breakage. The sensors C continuously measure the distance separating them from the rotating surface of the corresponding journals 11 and transmit te the processing circuit 16 electric signals representative of the said distance. In circuit 16, the values or amplitudes of these signals are continuously compared with reference values representative, for example, of a critical threshold, and as soon as one of the signals becomes equal to or greater than a corresponding reference value, i.e. when the critical threshold is reached, the processing circuit 16 starts an alarm signal through the medium of circuit 18. The reference value or values may represent the mean value of the distance of the shaft journal surfaces and the sensors C in a normal condition corresponding to normal wear at the end of the "running-in" period of a new crankshaft. The deviations of the signals from the sensors C and the said mean value are then determined and compared with one another. So long as they remain substantially equal to one another and less than a predetermined critical value they do not seriously affect the strength of the crankshaft as they are caused by a uniform and normal wear which does not require the alarm signal to be started. If, on the contrary, the deviations substantially differ from one another, or if they exceed or are equal to the predetermined critical threshold, the alarm signal is started. The circuit 18 is therefore advantageously so designed as to allow the amplitudes of the signals from the sensors C to be compared with a reference value representative of a mean position, with a critical value representative to a threshold that is not to be exceeded, and also the amplitudes of such signals to be compared with one another. The said amplitudes and/or the results of the comparison may be continuously displayed on the device 18. In the preferred form of embodiment of the invention, the detection of the distances separating the sensors C from the corresponding rotating surfaces of the main journals takes place continuously, and so does the processing of the signals in the circuit 16. If desired, however the processing may be discontinuous or periodical. The invention, therefore, mitigates the need for excessively inconvenient and expensive inspections of the engine, while at the same time ensuring a much more reliable operation of the engine than hitherto. WHAT WE CLAIM IS:
1. A method of detecting the wear of the bearings of a rotary shaft, such as the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine, having a plurality of journal surfaces supported within a corresponding number of bearings, wherein the method comprises the steps of detecting the radial positions
of at least a plurality of the journal surfaces of the shaft relative to corresponding fixed locations vertically opposite said journal surfaces, comparing each detected radial position with a corresponding predetermined reference position, comparing the said detected radial positions to one another, and starting an alarm signal when the deviation of any of the detected radial positions with respect to the corresponding reference position becomes at least equal to a predetermined value or when the difference between two detected radial positions becomes at least equal to another predetermined value.
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined reference positions are represented by a reference value corresponding to a normal mean wear.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the operations of detection and comparison are performed continuously during use of the engine.
4. An internal combustion engine with a device for carrying out the method described in anyone of the preceding claims. said device comprising proximity sensors placed in fixed locations vertically above at least a plurality of the journal surfaces of the crankshaft of the engine for detecting the radial positions of the journal surfaces relative to the corresponding fixed locations vertically opposite to said journal surfaces and for producing signals representing said positions: a processing circuit for receiving each of said signals and comparing it with a corresponding predetermined reference value and with the other signal or signals; and an alarm circuit adapted to be set in operation when the deviation of at least one of said signals from the corresponding reference value is at least equal to a predetermined value or when the difference between two signals is at least equal to another predetermined value.
5. An engine according to claim 4 wherein the sensors are of the variable-induction type or of the magnetic-field type.
6. An engine according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the sensors are accommodated in cavities formed in bearing caps, said cavities opening towards the corresponding journal surfaces.
7. An engine according to anyone of claims 4 to 6, comprising a number of said sensors at least equal to the number of journals of the shaft.
8. A method of detecting the wear of the bearings of a rotary shaft substantially as described and illustrated in the appended drawing.
9. An internal combustion engine substantially as described and illustrated in the appended drawing.
GB33261/77A 1976-09-24 1977-08-09 Method and device for detecting the wear of the bearings of a rotary shaft Expired GB1572281A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7628895A FR2365780A1 (en) 1976-09-24 1976-09-24 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTION OF BEARING WEAR OF A ROTATING SHAFT, AND SHAFT EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A DEVICE

Publications (1)

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GB1572281A true GB1572281A (en) 1980-07-30

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GB33261/77A Expired GB1572281A (en) 1976-09-24 1977-08-09 Method and device for detecting the wear of the bearings of a rotary shaft

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JP (1) JPS5342065A (en)
AU (1) AU514618B2 (en)
BE (1) BE856765A (en)
BR (1) BR7705163A (en)
CH (1) CH617267A5 (en)
CS (1) CS202076B2 (en)
DD (1) DD131056A5 (en)
DE (1) DE2742413A1 (en)
DK (1) DK293677A (en)
ES (1) ES461451A1 (en)
FI (1) FI772790A (en)
FR (1) FR2365780A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1572281A (en)
IT (1) IT1082867B (en)
NL (1) NL7708537A (en)
NO (1) NO772398L (en)
PL (1) PL110168B1 (en)
SE (1) SE7708174L (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2192949A (en) * 1986-07-25 1988-01-27 Wickers Shipbuilding & Enginee Indicating wear in bearings
GB2291937A (en) * 1994-07-27 1996-02-07 Lucas Aerospace Power Equip Bearing failure detector for electrical generator
FR2799793A1 (en) * 1999-10-18 2001-04-20 Avl List Gmbh RECIPROCATING PISTON MOTOR
US6445099B1 (en) 2000-05-09 2002-09-03 Trw, Inc. Bearing failure detector for electrical generator
WO2019089089A1 (en) * 2017-11-06 2019-05-09 Cummins, Inc. System and method for on-engine component defect detection
CN110686156A (en) * 2019-10-10 2020-01-14 河南柴油机重工有限责任公司 Connecting device of diesel engine main bearing wear monitoring sensor
EP3483581B1 (en) 2017-11-08 2020-02-26 Eolotec GmbH Method and device for monitoring a bearing clearance of rolling bearings
US10975908B1 (en) 2019-10-29 2021-04-13 Schaeffler Monitoring Services Gmbh Method and device for monitoring a bearing clearance of roller bearings

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2947937C2 (en) * 1979-11-28 1983-01-05 Wolfgang Ing.(grad.) 8162 Schliersee Berndt Method and device for determining roller bearing damage
JPS5979143A (en) * 1982-10-28 1984-05-08 Toyota Motor Corp Measuring and detecting method of wear quantity of grindstone
US4940936A (en) * 1989-02-24 1990-07-10 The Torrington Company Antifriction bearing with a clip-on sensor cooperating with a shaft mounted magnetic encoder retainer ring
JP2697134B2 (en) * 1989-05-19 1998-01-14 三菱自動車工業株式会社 Surface dimension measuring device
AT399851B (en) * 1991-05-08 1995-08-25 Vae Ag METHOD FOR MONITORING THE CONDITION OF RAILS
DE10060219B4 (en) * 2000-12-04 2004-12-02 Hegenscheidt-Mfd Gmbh & Co. Kg Quick change system for probe assembly
DE20104695U1 (en) * 2001-03-19 2001-09-20 Corts, Jochen, 42855 Remscheid Bearing element, in particular plate-shaped plain bearing or guide element for roll stands, and measuring device
AT412012B (en) * 2001-09-19 2004-08-26 Miba Gleitlager Gmbh METHOD FOR MONITORING SLIDE BEARINGS OF A CRANKSHAFT OF A PISTON MACHINE WITH AT LEAST ONE CYLINDER
FR2921134B1 (en) * 2007-09-18 2010-03-05 Dcns SHIP PROPULSION ASSEMBLY HAVING AT LEAST ONE MEASUREMENT SENSOR AND ASSOCIATED SHIP
GB2565555B (en) * 2017-08-15 2020-07-08 Mahle Int Gmbh Sliding component and method
CN113299044B (en) * 2021-05-20 2022-08-30 国网河北省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 Warning device for trees under power transmission line

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2192949A (en) * 1986-07-25 1988-01-27 Wickers Shipbuilding & Enginee Indicating wear in bearings
GB2291937A (en) * 1994-07-27 1996-02-07 Lucas Aerospace Power Equip Bearing failure detector for electrical generator
US5602437A (en) * 1994-07-27 1997-02-11 Lucas Aerospace Power Equipment Corporation Bearing failure detector for electric generator
GB2291937B (en) * 1994-07-27 1998-02-25 Lucas Aerospace Power Equip Bearing failure detector for electrical generator
FR2799793A1 (en) * 1999-10-18 2001-04-20 Avl List Gmbh RECIPROCATING PISTON MOTOR
US6445099B1 (en) 2000-05-09 2002-09-03 Trw, Inc. Bearing failure detector for electrical generator
WO2019089089A1 (en) * 2017-11-06 2019-05-09 Cummins, Inc. System and method for on-engine component defect detection
US10890510B2 (en) 2017-11-06 2021-01-12 Cummins Inc. System and method for on-engine component defect detection
EP3483581B1 (en) 2017-11-08 2020-02-26 Eolotec GmbH Method and device for monitoring a bearing clearance of rolling bearings
CN110686156A (en) * 2019-10-10 2020-01-14 河南柴油机重工有限责任公司 Connecting device of diesel engine main bearing wear monitoring sensor
CN110686156B (en) * 2019-10-10 2021-06-25 河南柴油机重工有限责任公司 Connecting device of diesel engine main bearing wear monitoring sensor
US10975908B1 (en) 2019-10-29 2021-04-13 Schaeffler Monitoring Services Gmbh Method and device for monitoring a bearing clearance of roller bearings

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1082867B (en) 1985-05-21
AU2686177A (en) 1979-01-11
PL200815A1 (en) 1978-04-24
NO772398L (en) 1978-03-29
FI772790A (en) 1978-03-25
DK293677A (en) 1978-03-25
FR2365780A1 (en) 1978-04-21
ES461451A1 (en) 1978-05-16
CS202076B2 (en) 1980-12-31
BR7705163A (en) 1978-04-25
DD131056A5 (en) 1978-05-24
NL7708537A (en) 1978-03-29
AU514618B2 (en) 1981-02-19
SE7708174L (en) 1978-03-25
CH617267A5 (en) 1980-05-14
DE2742413A1 (en) 1978-03-30
PL110168B1 (en) 1980-07-31
JPS5342065A (en) 1978-04-17
BE856765A (en) 1978-01-13

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PS Patent sealed [section 19, patents act 1949]
PCNP Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee