JPH0148821B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to an apparatus for compressing, heating, and pulverizing a moist material to be processed, such as biomass, fish, and animal bone debris.

(Conventional technology) The processing of biomass represented by wood chips (sawdust), shell chips, bulb waste, etc., and their recycling as fuel or fertilizer have recently become necessary as a means of pollution prevention and resource recycling. It is sung loudly, and various ways of crushing it are used depending on the purpose.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) Conventional pulverization of this type is aimed at simply mechanically pulverizing the material to be processed into a predetermined particle size range.
In order to reduce the wet material to a fine powder of 1 mm or less, a separate dryer is required in addition to the pulverizer. Until now, no pulverizer has appeared that can change the physical properties of the processed material. Such changes in physical properties include, for example, improving the water absorbency of the treated material (however, this does not include the improvement in water absorbency due to the increase in surface area that changes due to particle size reduction), and increasing the bulk specific gravity. Alternatively, it refers to a change in the unique properties of the material to be treated. Taking sawdust as an example, sawdust becomes porous as soon as it is pulverized, increasing its water absorption, or decreasing its bulk specific gravity. It becomes fluffy, the lignin in the sawdust undergoes some thermal decomposition, and the progress of decomposition is improved when composted, and it also has new utility value as feed.

(Means for Solving the Problems) The present invention aims to provide a pulverizer capable of obtaining changes in physical properties as described above.
In achieving the above object, the present invention also provides a pulverizer which has a relatively simple structure and low power cost.

The above object of the present invention is to provide a means for introducing a material to be processed (hereinafter referred to as "material") in a suitable wet state into a machine, and a means for introducing the introduced material into a spiral screw having a progressively decreasing diameter and a gradually decreasing diameter and a circular screw. a primary compression feeding means consisting of a conical cylindrical feeding member having convex fixed blades spaced apart in the circumferential direction;
A compression heating pulverizer comprising a circular rotary mandrel member connected to the tip of the means and a primary shredding means consisting of a cylindrical feeding member having convex fixed blades spaced apart in the circumferential direction. 2 consisting of a rotary blade member with a circular cross section and the cylindrical feeding member connected to the tip of the primary shredding means and having movable blades spaced apart in the circumferential direction;
This is achieved by providing a shredding means and using the gap formed between the rotary blade member and the cylindrical feeding member as a cylindrical material feeding path.

This configuration will be described in detail below based on the attached drawings; Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional front view showing one embodiment of the crusher of the present invention, Fig. 2 is an end view taken along the line of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a view similar to that shown in Fig. 1. - Line cross-sectional views are shown respectively. In FIG. 1, numeral 1 denotes a material input hopper which is equipped with a screw feeder 2 inside. If the material can be fed approximately evenly without causing agglomeration or bridging when it falls under its own weight in the hopper 1 in an appropriately moist state, the screw feeder 2 is not necessary.
If the material is too dry and cannot be properly supplied by simply dropping it, it is moistened with an appropriate amount of water and then press-fitted using the screw feeder 2. Feeder 2 is also used for materials that are prone to clumping or agglomeration.
It is better to use A helical screw 3 (and a cylindrical feeding member 7 and rotary blade members 9, 10, which will be described later) is connected to a drive shaft 14 by a single rod screw 4 and rotated. The screw blade 32 includes a cylindrical portion 30 and a conical cylindrical portion 31.
At 0, the diameter is the same, but at the conical cylinder portion 31, the diameter is reduced in the forward direction. This spiral screw 3
The conical cylindrical feeding member 5, which is combined with the primary compression feeding means (), has a progressively contracting shape, and has convex fixed blades 50 spaced apart in the circumferential direction as shown in FIG. It consists of those set up. A circular rotary mandrel member 6 is connected to the tip of the conical cylinder portion 31 of the helical screw 3, and a cylinder is connected to the tip of the feeding member 5 and has cylindrical fixed blades 70 spaced apart in the circumferential direction. Shape feeding members 7 are respectively provided to form kneading means (). The outer diameter of the rotating mandrel member 6 is designed to be approximately equal to the outer diameter of the end of the conical tube portion 31, and the cylindrical feeding member 7 is designed to have the same number and shape of fixed blades as the conical feeding member 5. However, this is only an example and not a limitation. Recesses spaced between the fixed blades 50 and 70 are designated as 51, 71, . . . , respectively. The cylindrical feeding member 7 maintains a uniform cross section and extends to the leading edge of the fuselage 8. Mandrel member 6
A conical cylindrical rotary blade member 9 is provided which extends from the tip of the blade and has movable blades 90 attached in the circumferential direction.
Next, constitute the shredding means (). Since the movable blades 90 of this member 9 have exactly the same shape and number as the movable blades 100 of the rotary blade member 10 described later, illustration thereof is omitted. A cylindrical rotary blade member 10 is provided that is connected to the tip of the rotary blade member 9 and has movable blades 100 spaced apart in the circumferential direction (this relationship is the same as the rotary blade member 9), and the tip thereof is connected to the feeding member 7. It is vertically aligned with the tip of the feed member 7, and forms a cylindrical material feed path 11 between the feed member 7 and the feed member 7. Rotary blade member 10
As shown in FIG. 3, in the circumferential direction, there is provided a stripping portion 101 that is recessed in the rotational direction so as to alleviate rotational resistance due to the material, but depending on the material, this may be omitted or removed. The shape, angle, number, etc. of the recess 71 and the stripped portion 101 may be changed.
The rotary blade member 10 and the feeding member 7 constitute a secondary shredding means (). As already mentioned, the spiral screw 3, the cylindrical feeding member 7, the rotary blade members 9 and 1
0 is concentrically connected to the drive shaft 14 by one rod screw 4, and among these, the conical cylinder part 31 and the cylinder part 30 are separate members and are connected by unevenness (not shown).
The rotating mandrel member 6 and the rotating blade members 9 and 10 are each integrally formed, and are connected to the mandrel member 6 and the conical cylinder portion 31 by a key and a keyway (not shown). In the figure, 12 is a cap screwed onto the tip of the body 8, 13 is a cooling jacket with a cooling water passage inside, and a drive shaft 14 is connected via a belt 15 to a motor (not shown). Reference numeral 16 indicates a bearing of the drive shaft 14, and reference numeral 17 indicates a tightening nut threaded onto the end of the bar screw 4.

(Function) For example, sawdust is used as a material, and the original moisture content is maintained or it is slightly humidified to increase the moisture content (40 to 45%).
This amount is continuously introduced into the machine from the hopper 1 while operating the screw feeder 2. The drive shaft 14 rotates at about 600 rpm, for example. The introduced material is advanced without being compressed in the cylindrical portion 30 by the rotation of the helical screw 3.
When entering the conical cylindrical feeding member 5, the conical cylindrical portion 3
The data is sequentially compressed and sent out towards the end of the data. At this time, since the screw blade 32 has a diameter decreasing shape in the forward direction, the compression is gradually increased toward the forward end. On the other hand, the member 5 has convex portions, that is, fixed blades 50... and recessed portions 51 spaced apart in the circumferential direction, so that the screw blades 3
The material does not co-rotate with the rotation of step 2, and continues to move forward while being partially held in the recess 51 and the other part in the rotational direction by the fixed blade 50, and is held in the fixed blade 50. Although the material undergoes some crushing, in general the primary compression feeding means ()
A subsequent compression feed is applied, at which time heat is generated due to compression and friction (for example, 100 to 200°C). The material passing through the means () remains heated and reaches the kneading means () constituted by a rotating mandrel member 6 and a cylindrical feeding member 7. Here, member 6,
Since the gap between 7 and 7 is slightly wider than that of the previous means (), the compression is relaxed, but due to the rotation of the rotating mandrel member 6, the material is subjected to rotational centrifugal force, and the fixed blade 70 and the recess 71 of the member 7 are As a result, a stagnation state is created as described above, so that the material is subjected to a kneading action between the members 6 and 7 while still having heat due to the operation of the means (). Subsequently, the material fed between the rotary blade member 9 and the member 7, which constitute the primary shredding means () and which gradually expands in the forward direction, is now transferred to the movable blades 90... and the fixed blades 70...
While being subjected to shearing caused by the process, the compressed material moves forward while being compressed again, and the primary shredding is performed. At this time, it is further compressed while receiving the generated compression heat and frictional heat. Subsequently, the material that has arrived between the rotary blade member 10 and the member 7 of the secondary shredding means () on the foremost side is subjected to secondary shearing and crushing by the movable blade 100... and the fixed blade 70... It moves forward in a straight line and is ejected forcefully into the atmosphere from the leading edge. In this case, no new compression is applied, but the material that has been highly compressed by means () and generates heat due to frictional heat by means () () () is suddenly released from pressure and released into the atmosphere. As a result, the moisture in the structure of the material expands all at once, rupturing the material, and ejecting heated steam, which lowers the moisture content of the material to be treated. As a result, the structure of the material was crushed from within, and observations showed that when the compression and heating were instantly removed, a collection of small elements bloomed due to the explosion of steam Fine particles of fluffy, dry sawdust with a bulk density similar to that of a body are produced. At the same time, it can be easily inferred that the frictional heat accumulated as mentioned above causes some kind of thermal decomposition to the components unique to sawdust (for example, lignin), and the fact is that the processing is completed. This can also be supported by the fact that the progress of decay is greatly improved when sawdust is used as compost. This fact shows that the material pulverized by the machine of the present invention can be used not only as fertilizer but also as feed, or as a filler for biofermentation (biochemical fermentation, for example, for floc formation in organic sludge treatment). It also means having aptitude that can be used.

(Example) (a) Material: sawdust (45% moisture) (b) Screw feeder rotation speed: 30r.pm (c) Spiral screw feeder rotation speed: 600 r.pm (d) Details of spiral screw: Length of cylindrical part 180mm Length of conical part 100mm Taper angle of conical part 30° (E) Details of conical cylindrical feeding member: Taper angle 30° 8 fixed blades Tip inner diameter 40% (F) Rotation Details of the mandrel member: Outer diameter 38φ Length 20mm (G) Details of the cylindrical feeding member: Inner diameter 75φ Gap between the mandrel members 18.5mm (H) Details of the rotary blade member (9): Taper angle 60° Length 25mm Number of movable blades 4 (l) Details of the rotary blade member (10): Outer diameter 70φ Gap with member (7) 2.5mm Length 160mm (n) From the time material is input into the hopper until it is discharged outside the machine Time: 2.5 to 3.5 seconds (Le) Details of the object to be treated: External shape The sawdust element itself was ruptured by water vapor and became irregularly shaped porous, light and fluffy Particle size range 80 to 200 Mesh bulk specific gravity: 0.15 Moisture: approximately 13% Temperature when released: 120°C (Effects of the invention) As is clear from the above explanation, according to the present invention, it is different from simply pulverizing into fine particles as in the past. On the other hand, the moment the crushed material leaves the machine while being compressed and heated by considerable frictional heat, it undergoes explosive expansion due to water vapor, so the treated material is crushed from within the tissue (or cells) and its bulk density decreases. It is possible to achieve extremely unique fine pulverization in that it is small in size and highly absorbent, and the original properties of the material change to some extent through thermal decomposition. For example, when it comes to processing sawdust, it is not possible to achieve this with conventional pulverizers. High water absorption, low bulk specific gravity, and accelerated decay thought to be caused by the thermal decomposition of lignin, which can provide excellent benefits for expanding the uses and increasing the suitability of biomass recycling, as well as the simple structure and relatively low operating costs. You can get the benefit of being cheap. Materials that can be effectively processed by the crusher of the present invention include not only biomass, but also fish and animal bone debris, as well as a wide range of other materials that require an air-permeable interstitial structure due to the rapid expansion of water vapor. It is well known that the above-mentioned bone debris can be recycled as fish feed or fertilizer, but the bone debris processed by the crusher of the present invention has the above-mentioned properties in addition to the conventional simple crusher. The result can be a completely unique feed or fertilizer.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional front view showing one embodiment of the crusher of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an end view taken along the line shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line taken in FIG. 1. (Explanation of symbols), 3... Spiral shaped screw, 5
... Conical cylindrical feeding member, 50 ... Convex fixed blade, 5
1... Recess, 6... Circular rotating mandrel member, 7
... Cylindrical feeding member, 70 ... Convex fixed blade, 71
...Recess, 9,10...Rotary blade member, 90,10
0...Movable blade, ()...Primary compression feeding member,
()...Kneading means, ()...Primary shredding means,
()...Secondary shredding means.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Means for introducing the wet processed material into the machine;
A primary compression feeding means for the introduced material, comprising a helical screw whose diameter is contracted in the forward direction and a conical cylindrical feeding member which is gradually contracted in the forward direction and has convex fixed blades spaced apart in the circumferential direction. A kneading means consisting of a circular rotating mandrel member connected to the tip thereof and a cylindrical feeding member having convex fixed blades spaced apart in the circumferential direction; In a compression heating pulverizer including a conical cylindrical rotary blade member having movable blades spaced apart in the circumferential direction, and a primary shredding means consisting of the cylindrical feeding member, a tip of the primary shredding means is provided. A secondary shredding means consisting of a rotary blade member having a circular cross section and the cylindrical feeding member in which movable blades are connected and spaced apart in the circumferential direction is provided, and the gap formed between the rotary blade member and the cylindrical feeding member is A compression heating pulverizer characterized by having a cylindrical material feeding path.