JPH0145908B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0145908B2 JPH0145908B2 JP20936581A JP20936581A JPH0145908B2 JP H0145908 B2 JPH0145908 B2 JP H0145908B2 JP 20936581 A JP20936581 A JP 20936581A JP 20936581 A JP20936581 A JP 20936581A JP H0145908 B2 JPH0145908 B2 JP H0145908B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- water
- washing
- reverse osmosis
- silver
- treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052946 acanthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] XUARKZBEFFVFRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940056910 silver sulfide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03D3/00—Liquid processing apparatus involving immersion; Washing apparatus involving immersion
- G03D3/02—Details of liquid circulation
- G03D3/06—Liquid supply; Liquid circulation outside tanks
- G03D3/065—Liquid supply; Liquid circulation outside tanks replenishment or recovery apparatus
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Photographic Processing Devices Using Wet Methods (AREA)
- Photographic Developing Apparatuses (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、カラー写真漂白定着処理後の水洗水
（以下水洗廃水と記す）から効率的に水を水洗水
としてリサイクルする方法に関するものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for efficiently recycling water from washing water (hereinafter referred to as washing wastewater) after color photographic bleach-fixing processing as washing water.
一般写真処理においてフイルムや印画紙は、処
理薬品が残在するとその保存性に著しい障害をも
たらすために非常に多くの水洗水を用いて薬品を
洗い流している。フイルム及び印画紙中に含有す
る処理薬品は水洗処理槽に移動する際、これら写
真材料に付着して水洗処理槽内に持ち込まれ水洗
廃水として廃棄されていた。定着処理薬品は、銀
を始めとして少量多種類の無機及び有機薬品から
成る。これらの薬品の中には、生物学的酸素要求
量（BOD）や化学的酸素要求量（COD）の高い
物質が含まれるため、水洗廃水をそのまま廃棄す
ると環境汚染の原因となる。また、水洗廃水中の
銀は低濃度であるが、廃水の量が多いため銀の総
量は少なくなく高価な銀を回収することは、非常
に大きな意義がある。従つて、水洗廃水から銀と
水を効率的に回収し、しかも水は水洗水としてリ
サイクルすることは非常に大きな経済的価値があ
る。しかし従来、水洗廃水から銀と水を同時にし
かも経済的に回収する方法は確立されておらず未
回収のまま廃棄されていた。 In general photographic processing, a large amount of washing water is used to wash away the chemicals from film and photographic paper, since the presence of residual processing chemicals significantly impairs their storage stability. When the processing chemicals contained in the film and photographic paper are transferred to the washing tank, they adhere to these photographic materials and are brought into the washing tank and disposed of as washing wastewater. Fixing chemicals consist of small amounts of various inorganic and organic chemicals, including silver. These chemicals contain substances with high biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), so if flush wastewater is disposed of as is, it will cause environmental pollution. Further, although the concentration of silver in washing wastewater is low, since the amount of wastewater is large, the total amount of silver is not small, and recovering expensive silver is of great significance. Therefore, it is of great economic value to efficiently recover silver and water from washing wastewater and to recycle the water as washing water. However, until now, there has been no established method for simultaneously and economically recovering silver and water from washing wastewater, and the silver and water have been disposed of unrecovered.
写真漂白定着水洗水から銀のみを回収する方法
としては、特公昭55−152137号として、銀を電気
分解法にて分離回収する方法が提案されている。
また別の方法としては、特公昭55−161034号があ
り、銀を重金属吸着用キレート樹脂に吸着分離す
る方法もある。 As a method for recovering only silver from photographic bleach-fixing washing water, Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-152137 proposes a method in which silver is separated and recovered by electrolysis.
Another method is disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 55-161034, in which silver is adsorbed and separated on a chelate resin for adsorbing heavy metals.
いずれの方法においても銀の回収はともかく処
理後廃水を水洗水としてリサイクルできないこ
と、廃水量が多く銀の濃度が低いため回収装置が
大型になり、しかも回収操作が煩雑である等の欠
点があつた。勿論、従来の方法を用いて水と銀を
夫々回収することもできたが、これらの場合には
回収プロセスが複雑となるための設備費、処理費
用とも高くなり中小規模のカラー現像所やラボで
は到底工業的に実施することはできなかつた。 In either method, although silver can be recovered, there are disadvantages such as the inability to recycle the wastewater after treatment as washing water, the large volume of wastewater and low silver concentration, which requires large recovery equipment, and the complicated recovery operation. Ta. Of course, it was possible to recover water and silver separately using conventional methods, but in these cases, the recovery process would be complicated and the equipment and processing costs would be high, making it difficult for small and medium-sized color photo labs and laboratories. Therefore, it was impossible to implement it industrially.
本発明は写真の定着処理における水洗廃水の濃
縮並びに水の回収を同時にしかも工業的規模で実
施し得る方法を提供するものである。 The present invention provides a method capable of simultaneously concentrating washing wastewater and recovering water in a photographic fixing process on an industrial scale.
即ち、本発明は、写真の定着処理後の洗滌廃水
を逆浸透法により、溶存物質を濃縮回収すること
により、該廃水から実質的に銀などの有価値成分
を回収し、該逆浸透プロセスから排出した水は次
いで活性炭と接触させることにより、前記写真の
定着処理後の洗滌水などとしてリサイクル使用す
るにある。 That is, the present invention uses reverse osmosis to concentrate and recover dissolved substances from washing wastewater after photographic fixing processing, thereby substantially recovering valuable components such as silver from the wastewater, and removing waste from the reverse osmosis process. The discharged water is then brought into contact with activated carbon and recycled for use as washing water after fixing the photograph.
本発明で用いる逆浸透処理は、従来公知の逆浸
透膜を用いる脱塩、又は薬剤の濃縮方法及び装置
が制限なく用いられる。例えば酢酸セルローズ、
芳香族ポリアミド、ポリビニルアルコール、ポリ
サルフオン等で作られた膜を用いた逆浸透モジユ
ールは東洋紡績株式会社、東レ株式会社、Du
Pont社等が、また逆浸透処理装置については笹
倉機械株式会社、栗田工業株式会社、エバライン
フイルコ株式会社などが夫々製造販売している。 For the reverse osmosis treatment used in the present invention, conventional desalination using a reverse osmosis membrane, or drug concentration methods and devices can be used without limitation. For example, cellulose acetate,
Reverse osmosis modules using membranes made of aromatic polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, polysulfone, etc. are manufactured by Toyobo Co., Ltd., Toray Industries, Inc., Du
Pont, etc., and reverse osmosis treatment equipment is manufactured and sold by Sasakura Kikai Co., Ltd., Kurita Water Industries Co., Ltd., Eva Line Filco Co., Ltd., and others.
また活性炭処理については、粉体混合形、粒状
活性炭による吸着塔形及びその他の公知の接触方
法が制限なく使用し得る。使用される活性炭も特
に制限なく使用される。これらは、例えばクラレ
ケミカル株式会社、武田薬品工業株式会社、カル
ゴン社などが製造販売している。 Regarding the activated carbon treatment, a powder mixture type, an adsorption tower type using granular activated carbon, and other known contact methods can be used without limitation. The activated carbon used is also used without any particular restriction. These are manufactured and sold by, for example, Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Calgon.
逆浸透装置は、その指定最大圧力で運転される
が、多くの場合、それは50Kg／cm2〜55Kg／cm2の間
にある。写真の定着処理後の洗浄廃水と処理する
場合には、この許容最大圧力の範囲内で極力高圧
にするのが、分離性能、処理能力の点から好まし
い。 A reverse osmosis device is operated at its specified maximum pressure, which is often between 50 Kg/cm 2 and 55 Kg/cm 2 . When treating washing wastewater after photographic fixing, it is preferable to use as high a pressure as possible within this maximum allowable pressure range in terms of separation performance and processing capacity.
本発明の主要な利点は、逆浸透膜によつて水洗
廃水中の銀を含む無機薬品をほぼ完全に分離濃縮
し、膜透過水中にごくわずか透過する有機薬品に
ついて活性炭処理すれば水洗水として再びリサイ
クルすることができることを見出し、その結果、
水洗水の大幅な節水ができたことにある。他方、
濃縮された水洗廃水は、その量が少量でしかも銀
などの有価値成分の濃度も高く、従来公知の回収
方法、例えば銀であれば硫化銀として容易に沈澱
回収することができる。 The main advantage of the present invention is that the reverse osmosis membrane can almost completely separate and concentrate the inorganic chemicals containing silver in the washing wastewater, and the organic chemicals that permeate the membrane-permeated water in a very small amount can be treated with activated carbon and recycled as washing water. We discovered that it can be recycled, and as a result,
The result is a significant saving in flushing water. On the other hand,
Concentrated washing waste water has a small amount and a high concentration of valuable components such as silver, and can be easily recovered by conventionally known recovery methods, for example, silver can be easily precipitated and recovered as silver sulfide.
あるいは、濃縮水洗水を定着処理行程へフイー
ドバツクすることも可能であるが、この場合は、
フイードバツクする濃縮水洗水の組成、濃度は、
定着処理構内の液と同じになるように新らたに薬
品を添加して調整しなければならない。 Alternatively, it is also possible to feed back the concentrated washing water to the fixing process, but in this case,
The composition and concentration of the concentrated washing water to be fed back are as follows:
It is necessary to add new chemicals and adjust the solution so that it is the same as the solution in the fixing processing facility.
以下本発明を添付図面によつて説明する。 The present invention will be explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
第１図は、本発明の一実施態様を示す写真材料
処理装置の側面図であり、１は定着処理水槽、２
Ａ，２Ｂ，２Ｃは各々水洗水槽、３は逆浸透処理
工程、４は活性炭処理工程をそれぞれ示す。処理
されるべき写真材料は、上記各処理槽１，２Ａ，
２Ｂ，２Ｃを順次移送されて処理が行われる。水
洗水槽２Ｃには５より水道水などの洗滌水が供給
される。水洗用水槽は第１図に示すごとく多段の
カスケード方式で給水が行われるのが一般的であ
る。水洗水槽２Ａからオーバーフローした水洗廃
水は、逆浸透処理工程３で分離濃縮され、６より
排出し、膜透過水は活性炭処理工程４で水中に残
存する有機物質等を除去した後、水洗水槽２Ｃへ
リサイクルされる。この場合、水洗水槽２Ｃへ供
給する新しい水の量は、逆浸透処理により排出さ
れる濃縮水洗廃水量とほぼ等しい量でよい。本発
明において、リサイクルする水の水質は、水洗水
槽２Ｃへ供給される水と同程度かそれ以上の水質
であることが必要である。リサイクルする水の水
質が悪いと、運転を行つているうちに水洗水槽内
へ不純物が徐々に蓄積し、フイルムや印画紙に悪
影響を及ぼす。リサイクルする水の量は、水洗廃
水の濃度、組成及び逆浸透工程で使用する逆浸透
膜の分離性能、あるいは回収メリツトの経済性等
を総合的に評価して、適宜決定すればよい。本発
明のリサイクル水量は、特に規定されるものでは
ないが、逆浸透モノシール供給量の50〜90％回収
するのがよい。回収率が例えば50％以下の如く低
いと経済的に不利であり、また90％以上になる
と、一般に透過水の水質が悪くなり、活性炭処理
４における負荷が増大し好ましい。 FIG. 1 is a side view of a photographic material processing apparatus showing one embodiment of the present invention, in which 1 is a fixing water tank;
A, 2B, and 2C each represent a washing tank, 3 represents a reverse osmosis treatment process, and 4 represents an activated carbon treatment process. The photographic material to be processed is placed in each of the processing tanks 1, 2A,
2B and 2C are sequentially transferred and processed. Washing water such as tap water is supplied from 5 to the washing water tank 2C. Water is generally supplied to a water tank for washing in a multi-stage cascade system, as shown in FIG. The washing wastewater that overflows from the washing water tank 2A is separated and concentrated in reverse osmosis treatment step 3 and discharged from 6, and the membrane permeated water is sent to the washing water tank 2C after removing organic substances remaining in the water in the activated carbon treatment step 4. Recycled. In this case, the amount of new water supplied to the washing water tank 2C may be approximately equal to the amount of concentrated washing wastewater discharged by reverse osmosis treatment. In the present invention, it is necessary that the quality of the water to be recycled be equal to or higher than that of the water supplied to the washing tank 2C. If the quality of the recycled water is poor, impurities will gradually accumulate in the washing tank during operation, adversely affecting film and photographic paper. The amount of water to be recycled may be appropriately determined by comprehensively evaluating the concentration and composition of the washing wastewater, the separation performance of the reverse osmosis membrane used in the reverse osmosis process, the economical benefits of recovery, etc. Although the amount of recycled water in the present invention is not particularly limited, it is preferable to recover 50 to 90% of the amount of reverse osmosis monoseal supplied. If the recovery rate is low, such as 50% or less, it is economically disadvantageous, and if it is 90% or more, the quality of the permeated water generally deteriorates and the load on the activated carbon treatment 4 increases, which is preferable.
活性炭処理における吸着方法はバツチ式、カラ
ム式いずれでもよいが、カラム式は膜透過水を直
接カラムへ通水することが可能であるため連続的
に処理水が得られるとともに、供給ポンプを取り
付ける必要がないため好適である。カラム式の場
合は、通水速度SV1〜20で行うことが可能である
が、好ましくはSV5〜10が効率よく有機物質を吸
着できる。 The adsorption method in activated carbon treatment can be either batch or column type, but column type allows membrane permeate water to be passed directly to the column, so treated water can be obtained continuously, and it is not necessary to install a supply pump. It is suitable because there is no In the case of a column type, it is possible to perform the water flow at a water flow rate of SV1 to 20, but preferably a water flow rate of SV5 to 10 can efficiently adsorb organic substances.
一方、逆浸透処理における濃縮廃水は、銀等の
回収あるいは、再利用の工程に使用される。 On the other hand, concentrated wastewater from reverse osmosis treatment is used in the recovery or reuse process of silver and the like.
以下、本発明を実施例をあげて説明するが本発
明はこれに限定されるものではない。 The present invention will be described below with reference to Examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
実施例 １
第１図に示す工程を用い、逆浸透膜として東洋
紡績株式会社の高圧用酢酸セルロース膜を組み込
んだ徳山曹達株式会社製逆浸透装置RO―Ｈ―２
型（モジユール１本）で水洗水を逆浸透処理し
た。Example 1 Reverse osmosis device RO-H-2 manufactured by Tokuyama Soda Co., Ltd. using the process shown in Figure 1 and incorporating Toyobo Co., Ltd.'s high-pressure cellulose acetate membrane as the reverse osmosis membrane.
The washing water was subjected to reverse osmosis treatment using a mold (one module).
試料水溶液として銀２ｇ／、化学的酸素要求
量15ｇ／を含有するカラー写真漂白定着処理後
の水洗水を上記逆浸透膜へ圧力55Kg／cm2、通水速
度４／分で供給した。この時の膜透過水量は、
3.2／分で回収率80％に調整した。この水を内
径200mmφ、高さ500mmのヤシガラ粒状活性炭を充
填したカラムへ通水したが、処理後の水質は、銀
２mg／、化学的酸素要求量５mg／であつた。
この活性炭処理水を水洗水槽へリサイクルする操
作を１ケ月間連続して行つたが、この間印画紙の
変色等の経時変化はまつたくみられなかつた。 Washing water after color photographic bleach-fixing containing 2 g of silver/15 g/chemical oxygen demand as a sample aqueous solution was supplied to the reverse osmosis membrane at a pressure of 55 Kg/cm 2 and a water flow rate of 4/min. The amount of water permeated through the membrane at this time is
The recovery rate was adjusted to 80% at 3.2/min. This water was passed through a column filled with coconut shell granular activated carbon having an inner diameter of 200 mmφ and a height of 500 mm, and the water quality after treatment was 2 mg of silver/5 mg/chemical oxygen demand.
This operation of recycling the activated carbon-treated water to the washing water tank was carried out continuously for one month, but during this period no changes with time such as discoloration of the photographic paper were observed.
第１図は、本発明のプロセスのフローシートで
ある。
１は処理水槽、２Ａ，２Ｂ及び２Ｃは夫々水浄
槽、３は逆浸透処理工程、４は活性炭処理工程を
夫々示す。
FIG. 1 is a flow sheet of the process of the present invention. 1 is a treated water tank, 2A, 2B and 2C are water purification tanks, 3 is a reverse osmosis treatment process, and 4 is an activated carbon treatment process.
Claims (1)
洗廃液を逆浸透処理し、得られた透過水を活性炭
処理した後、該フイルム又は印画紙の洗浄水とし
て再使用することを特徴とするフイルム又は印画
紙の水洗方法。 ２ 逆浸透処理により濃縮された回収液を定着処
理工程にリサイクルする特許請求の範囲第１項記
載の方法。[Scope of Claims] 1. Reverse osmosis treatment of the washing waste liquid of film or photographic paper that has undergone a fixing process, and treatment of the obtained permeated water with activated carbon, followed by reuse as washing water for the film or photographic paper. Characteristic method for washing film or photographic paper with water. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the recovered liquid concentrated by reverse osmosis treatment is recycled to the fixing treatment step.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20936581A JPS58111945A (en) | 1981-12-25 | 1981-12-25 | Rinsing method for film or photographic paper |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20936581A JPS58111945A (en) | 1981-12-25 | 1981-12-25 | Rinsing method for film or photographic paper |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS58111945A JPS58111945A (en) | 1983-07-04 |
| JPH0145908B2 true JPH0145908B2 (en) | 1989-10-05 |
Family
ID=16571726
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP20936581A Granted JPS58111945A (en) | 1981-12-25 | 1981-12-25 | Rinsing method for film or photographic paper |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS58111945A (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0474643B1 (en) * | 1990-04-19 | 1993-07-21 | DEVAPPA Dr. Ing. R. Zinsser & Ing. K. Prestl | Developing device for photographic coating substrates |
| JP2724266B2 (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1998-03-09 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | Photo creation equipment |
| DE4303379A1 (en) * | 1993-02-05 | 1994-08-11 | Du Pont Deutschland | Process and apparatus for washing water recycling in photographic processing |
-
1981
- 1981-12-25 JP JP20936581A patent/JPS58111945A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS58111945A (en) | 1983-07-04 |
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