JPH0137860B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0137860B2 JPH0137860B2 JP54121909A JP12190979A JPH0137860B2 JP H0137860 B2 JPH0137860 B2 JP H0137860B2 JP 54121909 A JP54121909 A JP 54121909A JP 12190979 A JP12190979 A JP 12190979A JP H0137860 B2 JPH0137860 B2 JP H0137860B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- thin film
- electrical contact
- photovoltaic device
- film photovoltaic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Cu+2] OMZSGWSJDCOLKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- UQMZPFKLYHOJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;cadmium(2+);disulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Zn+2].[Cd+2] UQMZPFKLYHOJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L cadmium sulfate Chemical compound [Cd+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QCUOBSQYDGUHHT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000331 cadmium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940045803 cuprous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper monosulfide Chemical compound [Cu]=S BWFPGXWASODCHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(ii) sulfide Chemical compound [Sn]=S AFNRRBXCCXDRPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/186—Particular post-treatment for the devices, e.g. annealing, impurity gettering, short-circuit elimination, recrystallisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/0256—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by the material
- H01L31/0264—Inorganic materials
- H01L31/0328—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, semiconductor materials provided for in two or more of groups H01L31/0272Â -Â H01L31/032
- H01L31/0336—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, semiconductor materials provided for in two or more of groups H01L31/0272Â -Â H01L31/032 in different semiconductor regions, e.g. Cu2X/CdX hetero- junctions, X being an element of Group VI of the Periodic Table
- H01L31/03365—Inorganic materials including, apart from doping materials or other impurities, semiconductor materials provided for in two or more of groups H01L31/0272Â -Â H01L31/032 in different semiconductor regions, e.g. Cu2X/CdX hetero- junctions, X being an element of Group VI of the Periodic Table comprising only Cu2X / CdX heterojunctions, X being an element of Group VI of the Periodic Table
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/0445—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells including thin film solar cells, e.g. single thin film a-Si, CIS or CdTe solar cells
- H01L31/046—PV modules composed of a plurality of thin film solar cells deposited on the same substrate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Description
ãçºæã®è©³çŽ°ãªèª¬æã
æ¬çºæã¯ãèèå
é»æ± è£
眮ã«é¢ããããå
·äœç
ã«ã¯ãé«ãæ©çããšä¿¡é Œæ§ããã€ãŠè£œé ã§ããè
èå é»æ± è£ çœ®ã«é¢ããã
ã«ã¯ãé«ãæ©çããšä¿¡é Œæ§ããã€ãŠè£œé ã§ããè
èå é»æ± è£ çœ®ã«é¢ããã
ãã°ãã°å€ªéœé»æ± ãšç§°ãããå
é»æ± ã¯ãå
ãšã
ã«ã®ãŒãé»æ°ãšãã«ã®ãŒã«å€æããåå°äœæ¥åè£
眮ã§ãããå žåçãªå é»æ± ã¯ãåžåäœâçºé»å±€ã
ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ãéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ãããã³äž
éæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ãäž»èŠæ§æèŠçŽ å±€ãšããŠå«ã¿ã
奜ãŸããã¯ããã«ã«ãã»ã«åå±€ãå«ãå±€ç¶æ§é ã
æããŠãããå ãéææ¥è§Šå±€ãéããŠåžåäœâçº
é»å±€ã«å ¥å°ãããšãéææ¥è§Šå±€ãšäžéææ¥è§Šå±€ãš
ã®éã«é»äœå·®ããã³é»æµãçºçãããã
ã«ã®ãŒãé»æ°ãšãã«ã®ãŒã«å€æããåå°äœæ¥åè£
眮ã§ãããå žåçãªå é»æ± ã¯ãåžåäœâçºé»å±€ã
ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ãéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ãããã³äž
éæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ãäž»èŠæ§æèŠçŽ å±€ãšããŠå«ã¿ã
奜ãŸããã¯ããã«ã«ãã»ã«åå±€ãå«ãå±€ç¶æ§é ã
æããŠãããå ãéææ¥è§Šå±€ãéããŠåžåäœâçº
é»å±€ã«å ¥å°ãããšãéææ¥è§Šå±€ãšäžéææ¥è§Šå±€ãš
ã®éã«é»äœå·®ããã³é»æµãçºçãããã
åžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒéåžžããåžåäœããšåŒã°ããïŒ
ã¯ãå åãåžåããŠå°æ°ãã€ãªã€ãçºçããåå°
äœç©è³ªããæã€ãŠãããå žåçã«ã¯ãåžåäœâçº
é»å±€ãæ§æããåå°äœç©è³ªäžã®ååã¯å åãåžå
ããŠé»åãæŸåºãããã®çµæãè² é»è·ãã€ãªã€
ïŒé»åïŒãšæ£é»è·ãã€ãªã€ïŒæ£åïŒã®å¯Ÿãçæã
ããåžåäœâçºé»å±€ãïœååå°äœã§ã§ããŠããå Ž
åã¯ãé»åãå°æ°ãã€ãªã€ã§ãããïœååå°äœã§
ã§ããŠããå Žåãæ£åãå°æ°ãã€ãªã€ã§ãããå°
æ°ãã€ãªã€ã¯åžåäœâçºé»å±€äžã§ã¯è±å¯ãªå€æ°ã
ã€ãªã€ãšã®åçµåã«ãã容æã«æ¶æ» ããŠããŸãã®
ã§ãå°æ°ãã€ãªã€ãããããå€æ°ãã€ãªã€ãšãªã
é åã«èŒžéããŠé»æ°åè·¯ãžã®é»åãäžããããã«
å©çšã§ããããã«ããªããã°ãªããªãã
ã¯ãå åãåžåããŠå°æ°ãã€ãªã€ãçºçããåå°
äœç©è³ªããæã€ãŠãããå žåçã«ã¯ãåžåäœâçº
é»å±€ãæ§æããåå°äœç©è³ªäžã®ååã¯å åãåžå
ããŠé»åãæŸåºãããã®çµæãè² é»è·ãã€ãªã€
ïŒé»åïŒãšæ£é»è·ãã€ãªã€ïŒæ£åïŒã®å¯Ÿãçæã
ããåžåäœâçºé»å±€ãïœååå°äœã§ã§ããŠããå Ž
åã¯ãé»åãå°æ°ãã€ãªã€ã§ãããïœååå°äœã§
ã§ããŠããå Žåãæ£åãå°æ°ãã€ãªã€ã§ãããå°
æ°ãã€ãªã€ã¯åžåäœâçºé»å±€äžã§ã¯è±å¯ãªå€æ°ã
ã€ãªã€ãšã®åçµåã«ãã容æã«æ¶æ» ããŠããŸãã®
ã§ãå°æ°ãã€ãªã€ãããããå€æ°ãã€ãªã€ãšãªã
é åã«èŒžéããŠé»æ°åè·¯ãžã®é»åãäžããããã«
å©çšã§ããããã«ããªããã°ãªããªãã
ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒéåžžããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ããšåŒã°
ããïŒã¯ãåžåäœâçºé»å±€ãšé»æ°çã«æ¥è§ŠããŠã
ãåå°äœç©è³ªã®å±€ã§ããã該局ã§ã®å€æ°ãã€ãªã€
ã¯åžåäœâçºé»å±€ã§çºçããå°æ°ãã€ãªã€ãšåã
å°é»åã§ããããã®ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ã¯ãåžåäœ
âçºé»å±€ããã®å°æ°ãã€ãªã€ãéããŠããããå€
æ°ãã€ãªã€ã«å€æãããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ãåžå
äœâçºé»å±€ãšåãåå°äœã§ã§ããŠããŠãã€å察ã®
å°é»åã«ããŒããããé åã§ããå Žåãå é»æ± è£
眮ã¯ïœâïœæ¥åãŸãã¯ãã¢ãžã€ã³ã¯ã·ãšã³è£ 眮ã§
ãããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ãå¥ã®åå°äœã§ã§ããŠã
å Žåã«ã¯ãè£ çœ®ã¯ãããæ¥åãæã¡ããŸããéå±
ã§ã§ããŠããå Žåã«ã¯ãã·ãšããããŒæ¥åãæ
ã€ã
ããïŒã¯ãåžåäœâçºé»å±€ãšé»æ°çã«æ¥è§ŠããŠã
ãåå°äœç©è³ªã®å±€ã§ããã該局ã§ã®å€æ°ãã€ãªã€
ã¯åžåäœâçºé»å±€ã§çºçããå°æ°ãã€ãªã€ãšåã
å°é»åã§ããããã®ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ã¯ãåžåäœ
âçºé»å±€ããã®å°æ°ãã€ãªã€ãéããŠããããå€
æ°ãã€ãªã€ã«å€æãããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ãåžå
äœâçºé»å±€ãšåãåå°äœã§ã§ããŠããŠãã€å察ã®
å°é»åã«ããŒããããé åã§ããå Žåãå é»æ± è£
眮ã¯ïœâïœæ¥åãŸãã¯ãã¢ãžã€ã³ã¯ã·ãšã³è£ 眮ã§
ãããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ãå¥ã®åå°äœã§ã§ããŠã
å Žåã«ã¯ãè£ çœ®ã¯ãããæ¥åãæã¡ããŸããéå±
ã§ã§ããŠããå Žåã«ã¯ãã·ãšããããŒæ¥åãæ
ã€ã
éææ¥è§Šå±€ã¯ãå
ãåžåäœâçºé»å±€ã«ééãã
ãããšãã§ããå°é»æ§ã®é»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ã§ããã該
éææ¥è§Šå±€ã¯ãå žåçã«ã¯ãéæãªå°é»æ§ç©è³ªã®
é£ç¶ããã·ãŒããããã¯äžéæãªå°é»æ§ç©è³ªã®é
å£æ Œåã®ããããã§ããããã®ãããªéææ¥è§Šå±€
ãåžåäœâçºé»å±€ãšåãåŽã«ããå Žåãè£ çœ®ã¯å
ç §å°åãšåŒã°ããéææ¥è§Šå±€ãå察åŽã«ããå Ž
åãè£ çœ®ã¯åŸç §å°åãšåŒã°ããã
ãããšãã§ããå°é»æ§ã®é»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ã§ããã該
éææ¥è§Šå±€ã¯ãå žåçã«ã¯ãéæãªå°é»æ§ç©è³ªã®
é£ç¶ããã·ãŒããããã¯äžéæãªå°é»æ§ç©è³ªã®é
å£æ Œåã®ããããã§ããããã®ãããªéææ¥è§Šå±€
ãåžåäœâçºé»å±€ãšåãåŽã«ããå Žåãè£ çœ®ã¯å
ç §å°åãšåŒã°ããéææ¥è§Šå±€ãå察åŽã«ããå Ž
åãè£ çœ®ã¯åŸç §å°åãšåŒã°ããã
å
é»æ± ã«ã€ããŠã¯äžäžçŽä»¥äžãåããç¥ãããŠ
ããããæå¹éã®é»æ°ãçºçããå®çšçãªæ段ãš
ããŠèãããããã«ãªã€ãã®ã¯ãã25幎ã®éã«é
ããªãã1950幎以åã«ã¯ãå é»æ± ã¯ãå€æå¹çã
éèŠã§ãªããã€é»æµå¿ èŠéã極ããŠå°ãªãéåžžã«
ç¹æ®ãªçšéãããšãã°ãå 枬å®ã«ãã䜿çšãããŠ
ããªãã€ãã
ããããæå¹éã®é»æ°ãçºçããå®çšçãªæ段ãš
ããŠèãããããã«ãªã€ãã®ã¯ãã25幎ã®éã«é
ããªãã1950幎以åã«ã¯ãå é»æ± ã¯ãå€æå¹çã
éèŠã§ãªããã€é»æµå¿ èŠéã極ããŠå°ãªãéåžžã«
ç¹æ®ãªçšéãããšãã°ãå 枬å®ã«ãã䜿çšãããŠ
ããªãã€ãã
1950幎代ã«å
¥ã€ãŠã·ãªã³ã³æ¥åæè¡ãåºçŸãã
çµæãé«äŸ¡æ Œã§ã¯ãããé«å€æå¹çã®ã·ãªã³ã³æ¥
åå é»æ± ã®éçºãå¯èœã«ãªã€ãããã®ãããªè£ 眮
ã®é åäœã¯ãäŸ¡æ Œãã»ãšãã©åé¡ã«ãªããªãå®å®
èšç»ã§äœ¿çšãããŠããªãã®æåãåãããããã
ãªããããã®ãããªè£ 眮ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒçºçåšãšã
ãŠã®äŸ¡æ Œãå žåçã«ã¯7000ãã«ïŒããã¯ããã
100000ãã«ïŒããã¯ãããšããäŸ¡æ Œã¯ãéåžžã®çº
é»æ©ãšç«¶åããªããã°ãªããªãå°çäžã§ã®çšéãš
ããŠã¯æãåºããªãã»ã©é«ããã®ã§ãã€ãããã®
é«äŸ¡æ Œã®ãã¡ã®å€ãã¯å®å®é£è¡äœæ§æéšåã«èŠæ±
ãããé«å質å¶åŸ¡åºæºã«èµ·å ãããã®ã§ãããã
æèŠçŽåºŠã®ã·ãªã³ã³çµæ¶ã®çæã«éããŠã®é«ã補
é è²»ãé»æ± 補é ã«éããŠã®ããã補é æ³ã®éèœç
æ§ã«èµ·å ããéšåãããªããã€ãã
çµæãé«äŸ¡æ Œã§ã¯ãããé«å€æå¹çã®ã·ãªã³ã³æ¥
åå é»æ± ã®éçºãå¯èœã«ãªã€ãããã®ãããªè£ 眮
ã®é åäœã¯ãäŸ¡æ Œãã»ãšãã©åé¡ã«ãªããªãå®å®
èšç»ã§äœ¿çšãããŠããªãã®æåãåãããããã
ãªããããã®ãããªè£ 眮ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒçºçåšãšã
ãŠã®äŸ¡æ Œãå žåçã«ã¯7000ãã«ïŒããã¯ããã
100000ãã«ïŒããã¯ãããšããäŸ¡æ Œã¯ãéåžžã®çº
é»æ©ãšç«¶åããªããã°ãªããªãå°çäžã§ã®çšéãš
ããŠã¯æãåºããªãã»ã©é«ããã®ã§ãã€ãããã®
é«äŸ¡æ Œã®ãã¡ã®å€ãã¯å®å®é£è¡äœæ§æéšåã«èŠæ±
ãããé«å質å¶åŸ¡åºæºã«èµ·å ãããã®ã§ãããã
æèŠçŽåºŠã®ã·ãªã³ã³çµæ¶ã®çæã«éããŠã®é«ã補
é è²»ãé»æ± 補é ã«éããŠã®ããã補é æ³ã®éèœç
æ§ã«èµ·å ããéšåãããªããã€ãã
èèå
é»æ± ã¯ãã·ãªã³ã³é»æ± ã«æ¯ã¹å°çäžçšé
ã§å€ãã®æœåšçãªå©ç¹ãæããŠããããã©ããè
èå é»æ± ã®è£œé ããã³äœ¿çšã¯ãäœãæ©çããåçŸ
æ§ããã³ä¿¡é Œæ§ã®ãªãã®åé¡ã«æ©ãŸãããŠããã
ç¡«åã«ãããŠã ãç¡«åäºéã«ãããŠã ãŸãã¯ç¡«å
é ã®ãããªå€çµæ¶ç©è³ªã®èèã䜿çšããèèå é»
æ± ã¯ãé£ç¶å å·¥æè¡ã®éçºã«é¢ããŠããªãã®å©ç¹
ããããããããããã®å é»æ± ã¯å¯ææ§ã§ããã
ãã€ééã軜ãããããã€ãŠããããã®å é»æ±
ã¯ã容æã«è£œé ã§ãããã€å®¹æã«èŒžéã§ãããã
ã«å®¹æã«å€§é¢ç©äžã«å±éã§ãã倪éœé»æ± ãšããŠå€
倧ã®æåŸ ãããããããããããªãããå¹çã®è¯
ããã®ãããªèèå é»æ± ãçµå§äžè²«ããŠåçŸãã
ããšã¯å°é£ã§ããã補é ãããé»æ± ã®åäœå¯¿åœã¯
äžç¢ºå®ã§ãã€ãã
ã§å€ãã®æœåšçãªå©ç¹ãæããŠããããã©ããè
èå é»æ± ã®è£œé ããã³äœ¿çšã¯ãäœãæ©çããåçŸ
æ§ããã³ä¿¡é Œæ§ã®ãªãã®åé¡ã«æ©ãŸãããŠããã
ç¡«åã«ãããŠã ãç¡«åäºéã«ãããŠã ãŸãã¯ç¡«å
é ã®ãããªå€çµæ¶ç©è³ªã®èèã䜿çšããèèå é»
æ± ã¯ãé£ç¶å å·¥æè¡ã®éçºã«é¢ããŠããªãã®å©ç¹
ããããããããããã®å é»æ± ã¯å¯ææ§ã§ããã
ãã€ééã軜ãããããã€ãŠããããã®å é»æ±
ã¯ã容æã«è£œé ã§ãããã€å®¹æã«èŒžéã§ãããã
ã«å®¹æã«å€§é¢ç©äžã«å±éã§ãã倪éœé»æ± ãšããŠå€
倧ã®æåŸ ãããããããããããªãããå¹çã®è¯
ããã®ãããªèèå é»æ± ãçµå§äžè²«ããŠåçŸãã
ããšã¯å°é£ã§ããã補é ãããé»æ± ã®åäœå¯¿åœã¯
äžç¢ºå®ã§ãã€ãã
ãããã€ãŠãããé«ãæ©çããåçŸæ§ããã³ä¿¡
é Œæ§ããã€ãŠè£œé ã§ããèèå é»æ± è£ çœ®ãæäŸã
ãããšãå¿ èŠãšãããŠããã
é Œæ§ããã€ãŠè£œé ã§ããèèå é»æ± è£ çœ®ãæäŸã
ãããšãå¿ èŠãšãããŠããã
æ¬çºæã¯ãèèå
é»æ± ã®è£œé ãªãã³ã«å€§é¢ç©äž
ãžã®å±éã«ãããŠãæ¯éïŒåã¯æ éïŒã®äž»å ã¯ã
é»æ°çæ¥è§Šãæå³ãããŠããªãæ§æèŠçŽ å±€éã§ã®
æãŸãããªãç絡ã®çºçãŸãã¯åè·¯ãã€ãªãŒãã®
çæã«ãããšããèªèã«åºã¥ããŠãããå ·äœçã«
ã¯ãæ¬çºæè ãã¯ãåç §å°å倪éœé»æ± ã«ãããŠ
ã¯ãéææ¥è§Šå±€ãäžéææ¥è§Šå±€éãéææ¥è§Šå±€ãš
ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€éãããã³åžåäœâçºé»å±€ãšäž
éææ¥è§Šå±€éã§æãŸãããªãç絡ãçºçããããš
ãèªèãããåŸç §å°åé»æ± ã§ã¯ãæãŸãããªãç
絡ã¯ãéææ¥è§Šå±€ãšäžéææ¥è§Šå±€éãéææ¥è§Šå±€
ãšåžåäœâçºé»å±€éãããã³ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ãš
äžéææ¥è§Šå±€éã§çºçããã
ãžã®å±éã«ãããŠãæ¯éïŒåã¯æ éïŒã®äž»å ã¯ã
é»æ°çæ¥è§Šãæå³ãããŠããªãæ§æèŠçŽ å±€éã§ã®
æãŸãããªãç絡ã®çºçãŸãã¯åè·¯ãã€ãªãŒãã®
çæã«ãããšããèªèã«åºã¥ããŠãããå ·äœçã«
ã¯ãæ¬çºæè ãã¯ãåç §å°å倪éœé»æ± ã«ãããŠ
ã¯ãéææ¥è§Šå±€ãäžéææ¥è§Šå±€éãéææ¥è§Šå±€ãš
ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€éãããã³åžåäœâçºé»å±€ãšäž
éææ¥è§Šå±€éã§æãŸãããªãç絡ãçºçããããš
ãèªèãããåŸç §å°åé»æ± ã§ã¯ãæãŸãããªãç
絡ã¯ãéææ¥è§Šå±€ãšäžéææ¥è§Šå±€éãéææ¥è§Šå±€
ãšåžåäœâçºé»å±€éãããã³ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ãš
äžéææ¥è§Šå±€éã§çºçããã
æ¬çºæã«ããã°ãèèå
é»æ± è£
眮ã®è£œé ã«ãã
ãŠãæãŸãããªãç絡ãé²æ¢ãããããè£ çœ®ã®åŒ
ç¶ãæ§æèŠçŽ å±€éã«èãé»æ°çããããã³ã°å±€ã
圢æãããã
ãŠãæãŸãããªãç絡ãé²æ¢ãããããè£ çœ®ã®åŒ
ç¶ãæ§æèŠçŽ å±€éã«èãé»æ°çããããã³ã°å±€ã
圢æãããã
第ïŒå³ã¯ãæ¬çºæã«ããå
žåçãªåç
§å°åèè
å é»æ± ïŒå€ªéœé»æ± ïŒïŒã瀺ããäžè¬ã«ãå é»æ± ïŒ
ã¯ãé»æ°çéè·¯ã«é 次èšããããïŒã€ã®æ§æèŠçŽ
å±€ãããªãã¡ãããšãã°ãéãéãããã±ã«ãé
ãŸãã¯éå±åéçã®éå±æ§æ ŒåïŒã°ãªããïŒé»æ¥µ
ãããã¯å°é»æ§ã¬ã©ã¹ããæãéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€
ïŒïŒã該éæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãšé»æ°çã«æ¥è§Šã
ãŠèšããããŠããŠããšãã°ç¡«åé ã®èèããæã
åžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒã該åžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒãšæ¥
觊ããŠèšããããŠããŠãã€åžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒãš
é»æ°çæ¥æ¥åïŒå èµ·é»åæ¥åïŒïŒïŒã圢æããŠã
ãããšãã°ç¡«åã«ãããŠã ãŸãã¯ç¡«åäºéã«ãã
ãŠã ã®èããæãã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒãããã³
該ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒãšé»æ°çã«æ¥è§ŠããŠèšã
ãããŠããŠããšãã°äºéã¡ããã®é ç®ãŸãã¯é»é
ã®å±€ããæãäžéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãå«ãã§ã
ããå žåçãªèèå é»æ± ã§ã¯ãç¡«åé ã®åžåäœâ
çºé»å±€ã¯1000ã5000ãªã³ã°ã¹ãããŒã çšåºŠã®åã
ãæããç¡«åã«ãããŠã ãŸãã¯ç¡«åäºéã«ãããŠ
ã ã®ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ã¯çŽïŒã40ãã¯ãã³ã®åã
ãæããäºéã¡ããé ç®ã®äžéææ¥è§Šå±€ã¯15ã30
ãã¯ãã³ã®é ç®åãããã³çŽ0.1ãïŒãã¯ãã³ã®
äºéã¡ããåããæããããªããå é»æ± ã®åžåäœ
âçºé»å±€ã®è¡šé¢ã¯ãéæã¬ã©ã¹ïŒïŒã«å容ïŒã«ã
ã»ã«åïŒããŠé²åºé¢ãé žåãæ±æç©ãªããç©çç
æå·ããä¿è·ããã®ã奜ãŸãããäžéææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒ
ïŒã¯ãä»ã®æ§æèŠçŽ å±€ã«å¯Ÿããåºæ¿ãšãªãã®ã§ã
該局ïŒïŒã¯ç¬¬ïŒé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ãšåŒã°ããéææ¥è§Š
å±€ïŒïŒã¯ç¬¬ïŒé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ãšåŒã°ããåæ§ã«ãç°¡
åã®ããã«ãåžåäœâçºé»å±€ããã³ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€
æå±€ã¯åã«åå°äœå±€ãšåŒã°ãåŸãã
å é»æ± ïŒå€ªéœé»æ± ïŒïŒã瀺ããäžè¬ã«ãå é»æ± ïŒ
ã¯ãé»æ°çéè·¯ã«é 次èšããããïŒã€ã®æ§æèŠçŽ
å±€ãããªãã¡ãããšãã°ãéãéãããã±ã«ãé
ãŸãã¯éå±åéçã®éå±æ§æ ŒåïŒã°ãªããïŒé»æ¥µ
ãããã¯å°é»æ§ã¬ã©ã¹ããæãéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€
ïŒïŒã該éæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãšé»æ°çã«æ¥è§Šã
ãŠèšããããŠããŠããšãã°ç¡«åé ã®èèããæã
åžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒã該åžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒãšæ¥
觊ããŠèšããããŠããŠãã€åžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒãš
é»æ°çæ¥æ¥åïŒå èµ·é»åæ¥åïŒïŒïŒã圢æããŠã
ãããšãã°ç¡«åã«ãããŠã ãŸãã¯ç¡«åäºéã«ãã
ãŠã ã®èããæãã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒãããã³
該ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒãšé»æ°çã«æ¥è§ŠããŠèšã
ãããŠããŠããšãã°äºéã¡ããã®é ç®ãŸãã¯é»é
ã®å±€ããæãäžéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãå«ãã§ã
ããå žåçãªèèå é»æ± ã§ã¯ãç¡«åé ã®åžåäœâ
çºé»å±€ã¯1000ã5000ãªã³ã°ã¹ãããŒã çšåºŠã®åã
ãæããç¡«åã«ãããŠã ãŸãã¯ç¡«åäºéã«ãããŠ
ã ã®ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ã¯çŽïŒã40ãã¯ãã³ã®åã
ãæããäºéã¡ããé ç®ã®äžéææ¥è§Šå±€ã¯15ã30
ãã¯ãã³ã®é ç®åãããã³çŽ0.1ãïŒãã¯ãã³ã®
äºéã¡ããåããæããããªããå é»æ± ã®åžåäœ
âçºé»å±€ã®è¡šé¢ã¯ãéæã¬ã©ã¹ïŒïŒã«å容ïŒã«ã
ã»ã«åïŒããŠé²åºé¢ãé žåãæ±æç©ãªããç©çç
æå·ããä¿è·ããã®ã奜ãŸãããäžéææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒ
ïŒã¯ãä»ã®æ§æèŠçŽ å±€ã«å¯Ÿããåºæ¿ãšãªãã®ã§ã
該局ïŒïŒã¯ç¬¬ïŒé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ãšåŒã°ããéææ¥è§Š
å±€ïŒïŒã¯ç¬¬ïŒé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ãšåŒã°ããåæ§ã«ãç°¡
åã®ããã«ãåžåäœâçºé»å±€ããã³ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€
æå±€ã¯åã«åå°äœå±€ãšåŒã°ãåŸãã
æ¬çºæè
ã¯ããã®ãããªèèå
é»æ± ã§ã¯ãç©ç
çãæ²»éçããã³é»æ°çäžåäžæ§ã®ãããªæ¬ é¥ã
çããããšãèªèããããããã®æ¬ é¥ã«ã¯ãããš
ãã°ã空åïŒç©ºéïŒãäžé£ç¶ããªãã¡ãã€ãªã€ã
äžçŽç©ãããŒãå€ãæåå çŽ ããã³ãã©ããã®æ¿
床ã®ãããªäžåäžæ§ã§ããåŸãããããã®æ¬ é¥ã
ç·ç§°ããŠäžé£ç¶éšãšç§°ãããããšãã°ã第ïŒå³ã§
ã¯ãåžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒãéææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãšã³ã¬
ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒãšã®éã§æãŸãããªãé»æ°çæ¥
觊ããããã空éãå žåçãªäžé£ç¶éšãšããŠæã
ãŠãããããã®æ¬ é¥ã¯æ¬çºæã«ããã°ããããã³
ã°å±€ïŒïŒã®ä»äžã«ããåé¿ãããŠããããã¡ã
ããæ¬çºæã¯ãå åŠçéè·¯æ¬ é¥ã§ã¯ãªããéæŸã
ç絡ãåè·¯ãŸãã¯çŽåæµæã®ãããªé»æ°çéè·¯æ¬
é¥ã«é¢ãããäžè¬çã«èšãã°ãæ¬çºæã¯ãé»æ°ç
ã«äºãã«æ¥è§Šãã¹ãã§ãªãæ§æèŠçŽ å±€éã«ããã
ãã³ã°å±€ãèšããããšã«ããæãŸãããªãé»æ°ç
æ¥è§Šãé²æ¢ããããšãå«ãã
çãæ²»éçããã³é»æ°çäžåäžæ§ã®ãããªæ¬ é¥ã
çããããšãèªèããããããã®æ¬ é¥ã«ã¯ãããš
ãã°ã空åïŒç©ºéïŒãäžé£ç¶ããªãã¡ãã€ãªã€ã
äžçŽç©ãããŒãå€ãæåå çŽ ããã³ãã©ããã®æ¿
床ã®ãããªäžåäžæ§ã§ããåŸãããããã®æ¬ é¥ã
ç·ç§°ããŠäžé£ç¶éšãšç§°ãããããšãã°ã第ïŒå³ã§
ã¯ãåžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒãéææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãšã³ã¬
ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒãšã®éã§æãŸãããªãé»æ°çæ¥
觊ããããã空éãå žåçãªäžé£ç¶éšãšããŠæã
ãŠãããããã®æ¬ é¥ã¯æ¬çºæã«ããã°ããããã³
ã°å±€ïŒïŒã®ä»äžã«ããåé¿ãããŠããããã¡ã
ããæ¬çºæã¯ãå åŠçéè·¯æ¬ é¥ã§ã¯ãªããéæŸã
ç絡ãåè·¯ãŸãã¯çŽåæµæã®ãããªé»æ°çéè·¯æ¬
é¥ã«é¢ãããäžè¬çã«èšãã°ãæ¬çºæã¯ãé»æ°ç
ã«äºãã«æ¥è§Šãã¹ãã§ãªãæ§æèŠçŽ å±€éã«ããã
ãã³ã°å±€ãèšããããšã«ããæãŸãããªãé»æ°ç
æ¥è§Šãé²æ¢ããããšãå«ãã
ããããã³ã°å±€ã¯ãçš®ã
ã®åœ¢æ
ããšãããšãã§
ãããããšãã°ãç¡«åäºéã®ãããªåå°äœç©è³ªã
é»æ°çéè·¯ã«ãããžããïŒè¢«çïŒããããšãã§ã
ãããŸããæ¬çºæã®å®æœã«éããŠã絶çžç¯å²ã®æµ
æçãæããç©è³ªãå«ã絶çžå±€ãå©çšããããšã
ã§ããã絶çžå±€ãéåžžã«èããã°ããã®å±€ã®äžã«
ãäžé£ç¶éšãçãããã®çµæããã®ãããªçµ¶çžå±€
ã«ããããããã³ã°å±€ã®äžé£ç¶é åã§ã¯å é»æ± ã®
é£æ¥æ§æèŠçŽ å±€éã«é©æ£ãªé»æ°çæ¥è§Šãååšãã
ããšã«ãªãã絶çžæ§ããããã³ã°å±€ã®ãã®ãããª
äžé£ç¶éšã¯ãå±€ãæœãä»äžæ段ãå€ããããšã«ã
ãèšç»çã«ïŒããªãã¡ãæå³çã«ïŒå°å ¥ããããš
ãã§ãããããããã³ã°å±€ã®äžé£ç¶éšãåå°äœå±€
ïŒã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ãŸãã¯åžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒã®äž
é£ç¶éšãšéè€ããªãã¡äžèŽããŠããŸãå¯èœæ§ã¯ã
極ããŠäœãã®ã§ãããããæå³ããã³ç®çã«å¯Ÿã
ãŠãã®ãããªå¯èœæ§ã¯èæ ®å€ãšãããã¹ãã§ã
ãããããã€ãŠãããããã³ã°å±€ã®ä»äžã¯ããã
èªäœã«äžé£ç¶éšãæããŠããŠããæ¬çºæã®ç®çã®
éæã«å¹æçã«æ©èœãããã®ã§ããããšãç解ã
ããã¹ãã§ããã
ãããããšãã°ãç¡«åäºéã®ãããªåå°äœç©è³ªã
é»æ°çéè·¯ã«ãããžããïŒè¢«çïŒããããšãã§ã
ãããŸããæ¬çºæã®å®æœã«éããŠã絶çžç¯å²ã®æµ
æçãæããç©è³ªãå«ã絶çžå±€ãå©çšããããšã
ã§ããã絶çžå±€ãéåžžã«èããã°ããã®å±€ã®äžã«
ãäžé£ç¶éšãçãããã®çµæããã®ãããªçµ¶çžå±€
ã«ããããããã³ã°å±€ã®äžé£ç¶é åã§ã¯å é»æ± ã®
é£æ¥æ§æèŠçŽ å±€éã«é©æ£ãªé»æ°çæ¥è§Šãååšãã
ããšã«ãªãã絶çžæ§ããããã³ã°å±€ã®ãã®ãããª
äžé£ç¶éšã¯ãå±€ãæœãä»äžæ段ãå€ããããšã«ã
ãèšç»çã«ïŒããªãã¡ãæå³çã«ïŒå°å ¥ããããš
ãã§ãããããããã³ã°å±€ã®äžé£ç¶éšãåå°äœå±€
ïŒã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ãŸãã¯åžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒã®äž
é£ç¶éšãšéè€ããªãã¡äžèŽããŠããŸãå¯èœæ§ã¯ã
極ããŠäœãã®ã§ãããããæå³ããã³ç®çã«å¯Ÿã
ãŠãã®ãããªå¯èœæ§ã¯èæ ®å€ãšãããã¹ãã§ã
ãããããã€ãŠãããããã³ã°å±€ã®ä»äžã¯ããã
èªäœã«äžé£ç¶éšãæããŠããŠããæ¬çºæã®ç®çã®
éæã«å¹æçã«æ©èœãããã®ã§ããããšãç解ã
ããã¹ãã§ããã
æ¬çºæã¯ãŸããåå°äœå±€ã®é²åºé åãããªã
ã¡ãïŒã€ã®åå°äœå±€ãä»ã®åå°äœå±€ã®äžé£ç¶éšã
éããŠé²åºãããé åãååŠçã«åå¿ãããŠãã®
çæç©ã§ããããã³ã°å±€ã圢æããããšã«ãã€ãŠ
ãå®æœããããšãã§ããããã®ç¹ã«é¢ããŠãããš
ãã°ãåå°äœå±€ã®é²åºéšãç¹å®ã®é°å²æ°ãããšã
ã°ç©ºæ°äžã§å ç±ããŠåå¿ãããããšã«ããäžé£ç¶
éšã®é²åºé åã®ã¿ã«ããããã³ã°å±€ãçæããã
ããšãã§ããã
ã¡ãïŒã€ã®åå°äœå±€ãä»ã®åå°äœå±€ã®äžé£ç¶éšã
éããŠé²åºãããé åãååŠçã«åå¿ãããŠãã®
çæç©ã§ããããã³ã°å±€ã圢æããããšã«ãã€ãŠ
ãå®æœããããšãã§ããããã®ç¹ã«é¢ããŠãããš
ãã°ãåå°äœå±€ã®é²åºéšãç¹å®ã®é°å²æ°ãããšã
ã°ç©ºæ°äžã§å ç±ããŠåå¿ãããããšã«ããäžé£ç¶
éšã®é²åºé åã®ã¿ã«ããããã³ã°å±€ãçæããã
ããšãã§ããã
ãããã€ãŠãæ¬çºæã«ç¹æãªããããã³ã°å±€ã
æ§æããç©è³ªã®çš®é¡ã¯åºç¯ã§ãããããããã³ã°
å±€ã¯ãåè¿°ããããã«ãåå°äœç©è³ªã®å±€ã§åœ¢æã§
ãã該局ã¯ãããšãã°ãè£ çœ®ã®éåžžã®åäœé»å§ã§
ã¯ããªãã®éã®é»æµãæµãããšã¯ãªããããã該
å±€ã«é£æ¥ããæ§æèŠçŽ å±€ãšãªãŒããã¯æ¥è§Šããªã
ãããªãããæ¥åãŸãã¯ã·ãšãããéå£æ¥åã®ç
æãããããé»å芪ååãæããåå°äœç©è³ªã®è
ãå±€ã§ããããã®ãããªå±€ã¯ãå¹³è¡ãªåå°äœæ¥å
ã®èª¿è£œã«ããæãŸãããªãç絡ãé²æ¢ããããã
ãã¯ãããããã³ã°å±€ã¯ã該局ã«é£æ¥ããªãæ§æ
èŠçŽ å±€ãšã¯æŽæµæ¥è§Šã圢æãããããªç©è³ªã§ãã€
ãŠããããããã«ãããããã³ã°å±€ã¯ãç絡ãèµ·
ãåŸãé åã§çµ¶çžãè¡ãªãããã«éžæçã«åœ¢æã
ãã絶çžæ§ç©è³ªã®å±€ã§ãã€ãŠãããã
æ§æããç©è³ªã®çš®é¡ã¯åºç¯ã§ãããããããã³ã°
å±€ã¯ãåè¿°ããããã«ãåå°äœç©è³ªã®å±€ã§åœ¢æã§
ãã該局ã¯ãããšãã°ãè£ çœ®ã®éåžžã®åäœé»å§ã§
ã¯ããªãã®éã®é»æµãæµãããšã¯ãªããããã該
å±€ã«é£æ¥ããæ§æèŠçŽ å±€ãšãªãŒããã¯æ¥è§Šããªã
ãããªãããæ¥åãŸãã¯ã·ãšãããéå£æ¥åã®ç
æãããããé»å芪ååãæããåå°äœç©è³ªã®è
ãå±€ã§ããããã®ãããªå±€ã¯ãå¹³è¡ãªåå°äœæ¥å
ã®èª¿è£œã«ããæãŸãããªãç絡ãé²æ¢ããããã
ãã¯ãããããã³ã°å±€ã¯ã該局ã«é£æ¥ããªãæ§æ
èŠçŽ å±€ãšã¯æŽæµæ¥è§Šã圢æãããããªç©è³ªã§ãã€
ãŠããããããã«ãããããã³ã°å±€ã¯ãç絡ãèµ·
ãåŸãé åã§çµ¶çžãè¡ãªãããã«éžæçã«åœ¢æã
ãã絶çžæ§ç©è³ªã®å±€ã§ãã€ãŠãããã
第ïŒå³ãšç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºããç¹å®å®æœäŸã«ãããŠ
ã¯ãïŒã€ã®ããããã³ã°å±€ãèšããããŠãããã
ããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒã¯éææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãšäžéææ¥
觊局ïŒïŒéããã³åžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒãšäžéææ¥
觊局ïŒïŒéã®æãŸãããªãé»æ°çæ¥è§Šãé²æ¢ãã
ããã®ãã®ã§ãããä»æ¹ãããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒã¯
éææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãšã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒéã®æãŸ
ãããªãé»æ°çæ¥è§Šãé²æ¢ããããã®ãã®ã§ã
ããããå ·äœçã«ã¯ãã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒãšäž
éææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒéã®é»æ°çéè·¯ã«ããããã³ã°å±€
ïŒïŒãèšããããšã«ãããéææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãšäžé
ææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒéããã³åžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒãšäžé
ææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒéã®ç絡ãé²æ¢ãããããã«ãåžå
äœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒã®äžé£ç¶éšé åã«ããããã³ã°å±€
ïŒïŒãèšããããšã«ãããéææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãšã³ã¬
ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒéã®ç絡ãé²æ¢ãããã
ã¯ãïŒã€ã®ããããã³ã°å±€ãèšããããŠãããã
ããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒã¯éææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãšäžéææ¥
觊局ïŒïŒéããã³åžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒãšäžéææ¥
觊局ïŒïŒéã®æãŸãããªãé»æ°çæ¥è§Šãé²æ¢ãã
ããã®ãã®ã§ãããä»æ¹ãããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒã¯
éææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãšã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒéã®æãŸ
ãããªãé»æ°çæ¥è§Šãé²æ¢ããããã®ãã®ã§ã
ããããå ·äœçã«ã¯ãã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒãšäž
éææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒéã®é»æ°çéè·¯ã«ããããã³ã°å±€
ïŒïŒãèšããããšã«ãããéææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãšäžé
ææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒéããã³åžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒãšäžé
ææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒéã®ç絡ãé²æ¢ãããããã«ãåžå
äœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒã®äžé£ç¶éšé åã«ããããã³ã°å±€
ïŒïŒãèšããããšã«ãããéææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãšã³ã¬
ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒéã®ç絡ãé²æ¢ãããã
第ïŒå³ã¯ãããããã³ã°å±€ã®å¥ã®é
åã瀺ãã
ã®ã§ãããã§ã¯ããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒã¯å é»æ± ïŒïŒ¡
ã®åžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒã®äžã§ãã€éææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒ
ã®äžã«é 眮ãããŠãããããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒã¯ç¬¬
ïŒå³ã®å Žåãšåæ§ã§ããã
ã®ã§ãããã§ã¯ããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒã¯å é»æ± ïŒïŒ¡
ã®åžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒã®äžã§ãã€éææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒ
ã®äžã«é 眮ãããŠãããããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒã¯ç¬¬
ïŒå³ã®å Žåãšåæ§ã§ããã
第ïŒå³ããã³ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºããåç
§å°åå
é»æ± ã§
ã¯ãçš®ã ã®å±€ãå¹³ãïŒããªãã¡ãã¬ãŒã圢ïŒã§ã
ãããã®ãã¬ãŒãæ§é ã¯ãèªç¶ãããžã·ãšã³æ³ãŸ
ãã¯æ§æèŠçŽ å±€ã®ååŠçç æ©ã«ããåŸãããšãã§
ãããããããªãããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ãšåžåäœ
âçºé»å±€éã«å±±ããã³è°·ãæããéãã¬ãŒã圢ãŸ
ãã¯äžèŠåæ¥åã圢æããããšãã§ãããã®å Ž
åãååŠçç æ©ã®ä»£ãã«éåžžã®äºåãšããã³ã°
ïŒããªãšããã³ã°ïŒæè¡ãçšããŠç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãã
ããªãã¯ã¹ãã€æ§é ãåŸããããç°¡åã®ããã第
ïŒå³ã¯ãèªåŒµããã幟äœåŠçã«æ»ãããªå±±ããã³
è°·ãšããŠäžèŠåæ§ã瀺ããŠããããšã泚æããã
ã¹ãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®æŠå¿µã¯ããã¬ãŒãæ§é ã§ã
ãã¯ã¹ãã€æ§é ã§ãå®æœã§ããããšã¯ãããŸã§ã
ãªãã第ïŒå³ã§ã¯ãå é»æ± ïŒïŒ¢ã®åžåäœâçºé»å±€
ïŒïŒãšéææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒéã®æ¥åéšã«ããããã³ã°
å±€ïŒïŒãé 眮ãããŠããã
ã¯ãçš®ã ã®å±€ãå¹³ãïŒããªãã¡ãã¬ãŒã圢ïŒã§ã
ãããã®ãã¬ãŒãæ§é ã¯ãèªç¶ãããžã·ãšã³æ³ãŸ
ãã¯æ§æèŠçŽ å±€ã®ååŠçç æ©ã«ããåŸãããšãã§
ãããããããªãããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ãšåžåäœ
âçºé»å±€éã«å±±ããã³è°·ãæããéãã¬ãŒã圢ãŸ
ãã¯äžèŠåæ¥åã圢æããããšãã§ãããã®å Ž
åãååŠçç æ©ã®ä»£ãã«éåžžã®äºåãšããã³ã°
ïŒããªãšããã³ã°ïŒæè¡ãçšããŠç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãã
ããªãã¯ã¹ãã€æ§é ãåŸããããç°¡åã®ããã第
ïŒå³ã¯ãèªåŒµããã幟äœåŠçã«æ»ãããªå±±ããã³
è°·ãšããŠäžèŠåæ§ã瀺ããŠããããšã泚æããã
ã¹ãã§ãããæ¬çºæã®æŠå¿µã¯ããã¬ãŒãæ§é ã§ã
ãã¯ã¹ãã€æ§é ã§ãå®æœã§ããããšã¯ãããŸã§ã
ãªãã第ïŒå³ã§ã¯ãå é»æ± ïŒïŒ¢ã®åžåäœâçºé»å±€
ïŒïŒãšéææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒéã®æ¥åéšã«ããããã³ã°
å±€ïŒïŒãé 眮ãããŠããã
第ïŒå³ã¯ãæ¬çºæãåŸç
§å°åé»æ± ã«é©çšããå Ž
åã瀺ããåŸç §å°åé»æ± ïŒïŒ£ã¯ãããšãã°ãç¡«å
é«ã®ãããªå°é»æ§å±€ïŒïŒïŒ¢ãäžã«æããã¬ã©ã¹åº
æ¿ïŒïŒïŒ¡ããæãéææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãå«ãã§ããã
åŸç §å°åå é»æ± ïŒïŒ£ã¯ãŸããããšãã°ç¡«åã«ãã
ãŠã ãŸãã¯ç¡«åäºéã«ãããŠã ã§ããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿â
å€æå±€ïŒïŒãå«ã¿ã該ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒã¯ã
ãšãã°ç¡«åé ã§ã§ããåžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒãšïŒå
èµ·é»åïŒæ¥åïŒïŒã圢æããŠãããããã«ãããš
ãã°é ã§ã§ããäžéææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãèšããããŠã
ããããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒããã³ïŒïŒã¯ãåç §å°å
å é»æ± ã®å Žåãšåãããã«èšããããŠããã
åã瀺ããåŸç §å°åé»æ± ïŒïŒ£ã¯ãããšãã°ãç¡«å
é«ã®ãããªå°é»æ§å±€ïŒïŒïŒ¢ãäžã«æããã¬ã©ã¹åº
æ¿ïŒïŒïŒ¡ããæãéææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãå«ãã§ããã
åŸç §å°åå é»æ± ïŒïŒ£ã¯ãŸããããšãã°ç¡«åã«ãã
ãŠã ãŸãã¯ç¡«åäºéã«ãããŠã ã§ããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿â
å€æå±€ïŒïŒãå«ã¿ã該ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒã¯ã
ãšãã°ç¡«åé ã§ã§ããåžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒãšïŒå
èµ·é»åïŒæ¥åïŒïŒã圢æããŠãããããã«ãããš
ãã°é ã§ã§ããäžéææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãèšããããŠã
ããããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒããã³ïŒïŒã¯ãåç §å°å
å é»æ± ã®å Žåãšåãããã«èšããããŠããã
第ïŒå³ã¯ã第ïŒå³ããã³ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºããå
é»æ±
ïŒã®è£œé å·¥çšã®æµãå³ã§ãããäžè¬çã«ã¯ãå é»
æ± ïŒã®è£œé æ¹æ³ã¯ã第ïŒïŒãŸãã¯äžéæïŒé»æ°ç
æ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãèšããå·¥çšã第ïŒé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€äžã«
ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒããããžããããå·¥çšãã³
ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒäžã«åžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒãã
ããžããããŠãããã®éã«æ¥åïŒïŒã圢æããå·¥
çšãããã³ç¬¬ïŒïŒãŸãã¯éæïŒé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒã
奜ãŸããã¯ãããã«ã«ãã»ã«åæ段ïŒïŒãåžåäœ
âçºé»å±€ïŒïŒã«æœãå·¥çšãå«ãããæ¬çºæã®ç¬¬ïŒ
å³ã«ç€ºããå®æœäŸã«ããã°ãæ¬æ¥æ¥è§Šããã«äºã
ã«é¢ããäœçœ®ã«ããäž»èŠæ§æèŠçŽ å±€éã®æãŸãã
ãªãç絡ããåŒç¶ãé£æ¥äž»èŠæ§æèŠçŽ å±€éã®é»æ°
çæµããå®è³ªçã«åŠšå®³ããããšãªãã«é²æ¢ããç©
質ã®ããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒããã³ïŒïŒãé»æ°çæ¥è§Š
å±€ïŒïŒãšïŒïŒéã«èšããå·¥çšãããã«å«ãã
ïŒã®è£œé å·¥çšã®æµãå³ã§ãããäžè¬çã«ã¯ãå é»
æ± ïŒã®è£œé æ¹æ³ã¯ã第ïŒïŒãŸãã¯äžéæïŒé»æ°ç
æ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãèšããå·¥çšã第ïŒé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€äžã«
ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒããããžããããå·¥çšãã³
ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒäžã«åžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒãã
ããžããããŠãããã®éã«æ¥åïŒïŒã圢æããå·¥
çšãããã³ç¬¬ïŒïŒãŸãã¯éæïŒé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒã
奜ãŸããã¯ãããã«ã«ãã»ã«åæ段ïŒïŒãåžåäœ
âçºé»å±€ïŒïŒã«æœãå·¥çšãå«ãããæ¬çºæã®ç¬¬ïŒ
å³ã«ç€ºããå®æœäŸã«ããã°ãæ¬æ¥æ¥è§Šããã«äºã
ã«é¢ããäœçœ®ã«ããäž»èŠæ§æèŠçŽ å±€éã®æãŸãã
ãªãç絡ããåŒç¶ãé£æ¥äž»èŠæ§æèŠçŽ å±€éã®é»æ°
çæµããå®è³ªçã«åŠšå®³ããããšãªãã«é²æ¢ããç©
質ã®ããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒããã³ïŒïŒãé»æ°çæ¥è§Š
å±€ïŒïŒãšïŒïŒéã«èšããå·¥çšãããã«å«ãã
第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãããŠããããã«ã第ïŒå·¥çšã¯äžé
æé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãèšããããšãå«ã¿ããã®æ¥
觊局ã¯æ®ãã®å·¥çšã«ãããŠåºæ¿ãšããŠéœåãã䜿
çšãããã第ïŒå³ã®è£ 眮ã®è£œé ã«ãããŠããã®ç¬¬
ïŒå·¥çšã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ã(a)é ç®ãèšãã(b)é ç®è¡š
é¢ãé»è§£çã«ããã³ç¡«é žã«æµžæŒ¬ããŠæž æµã«ããã
ãã«(c)æž æµã«ããè¡šé¢ã«äºéã®èãå±€ãé»æ°ã¡ã
ãã«ãããããžããããããšã«ããè¡ãªãããã
æé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãèšããããšãå«ã¿ããã®æ¥
觊局ã¯æ®ãã®å·¥çšã«ãããŠåºæ¿ãšããŠéœåãã䜿
çšãããã第ïŒå³ã®è£ 眮ã®è£œé ã«ãããŠããã®ç¬¬
ïŒå·¥çšã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ã(a)é ç®ãèšãã(b)é ç®è¡š
é¢ãé»è§£çã«ããã³ç¡«é žã«æµžæŒ¬ããŠæž æµã«ããã
ãã«(c)æž æµã«ããè¡šé¢ã«äºéã®èãå±€ãé»æ°ã¡ã
ãã«ãããããžããããããšã«ããè¡ãªãããã
次ã®ç¬¬ïŒå·¥çšã¯ãç¡«åäºéã®å±€ã§ãããããã
ã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒã圢æããããšãå«ãããã®ãããªå±€
ã¯ãèžçãã¹ããã¿ãªã³ã°ãŸãã¯ååŠçãããžã·
ãšã³ã«ããå¹³ååã0.1ãïŒãã¯ãã³ã®ç¡«åäºé
å±€ããããžããããããšã«ãã圢æãããã
ã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒã圢æããããšãå«ãããã®ãããªå±€
ã¯ãèžçãã¹ããã¿ãªã³ã°ãŸãã¯ååŠçãããžã·
ãšã³ã«ããå¹³ååã0.1ãïŒãã¯ãã³ã®ç¡«åäºé
å±€ããããžããããããšã«ãã圢æãããã
ããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒãæ§æããç©è³ªã¯ãé
žåç©
ãŸãã¯çªåç©ã§ããããåè¿°ããããã«ãããã
ãã³ã°å±€ãšããŠçµ¶çžæ§ç©è³ªã䜿çšãããå Žåãã
ã®å±€ãéåžžã«èããã°äžé£ç¶éšãçãåŸããããŸ
ããããããã³ã°å±€èªäœã«äžé£ç¶éšãæå³çã«åœ¢
æããŠãããããããã®äžé£ç¶éšã®ååšã«ããã
äžéææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãšã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒéã®æ
æã®é»æ°çæ¥è§Šãå¯èœãšãªãã
ãŸãã¯çªåç©ã§ããããåè¿°ããããã«ãããã
ãã³ã°å±€ãšããŠçµ¶çžæ§ç©è³ªã䜿çšãããå Žåãã
ã®å±€ãéåžžã«èããã°äžé£ç¶éšãçãåŸããããŸ
ããããããã³ã°å±€èªäœã«äžé£ç¶éšãæå³çã«åœ¢
æããŠãããããããã®äžé£ç¶éšã®ååšã«ããã
äžéææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒãšã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒéã®æ
æã®é»æ°çæ¥è§Šãå¯èœãšãªãã
第ïŒå·¥çšã¯ãã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒããããžã
ãããããšãå«ãã第ïŒå³ã®è£ 眮ã®è£œé ã«ãã
ãŠããã®å·¥çšã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãç¡«åã«ãããŠã ãŸ
ãã¯ç¡«åäºéã«ãããŠã ã®èžçãã¹ããã¿ãªã³ã°
ãŸãã¯ååŠçãããžã·ãšã³ã«ããè¡ãªããããã³
ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒã®è¡šé¢ã¯ãå¹ççãªå æéã
ä¿é²ããããã«å¡©é žã§ãšããã³ã°ããŠãã¯ã¹ãã€
æ§é ã«ããŠãããããã®ç®çã®ããã«ã¯ã60âã®
55ïŒ ïŒ¶ïŒïŒ¶æ¿åºŠHClã«ïŒç§é浞挬ããã ãã§åå
ã§ããããšãå€æããã
ãããããšãå«ãã第ïŒå³ã®è£ 眮ã®è£œé ã«ãã
ãŠããã®å·¥çšã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãç¡«åã«ãããŠã ãŸ
ãã¯ç¡«åäºéã«ãããŠã ã®èžçãã¹ããã¿ãªã³ã°
ãŸãã¯ååŠçãããžã·ãšã³ã«ããè¡ãªããããã³
ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒã®è¡šé¢ã¯ãå¹ççãªå æéã
ä¿é²ããããã«å¡©é žã§ãšããã³ã°ããŠãã¯ã¹ãã€
æ§é ã«ããŠãããããã®ç®çã®ããã«ã¯ã60âã®
55ïŒ ïŒ¶ïŒïŒ¶æ¿åºŠHClã«ïŒç§é浞挬ããã ãã§åå
ã§ããããšãå€æããã
次ã®ç¬¬ïŒå·¥çšã¯ãåžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒãã³ã¬ã¯
ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒäžã«ãããžããããŠåžåäœâçºé»
å±€ïŒïŒãšã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒéã«æ¥åïŒïŒã圢
æããããšãå«ãã第ïŒå³ã®è£ 眮ã®è£œé ã«ãã
ãŠããã®å·¥çšã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãå¡©å第äžé ã®æ°Žæº¶
液ãçšããŠã€ãªã³äº€ææ³ã«ããCu2SïŒç¡«åé ïŒã
CdSïŒç¡«åã«ãããŠã ïŒäžã«æé·ãããããšã«ã
ãè¡ãªããé žçŽ ãæé€ããäžèšã®æµŽçµæç©ã«90ã
100âã§10ç§é浞挬ããã°ååã§ããããšãå€æ
ããã
ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒäžã«ãããžããããŠåžåäœâçºé»
å±€ïŒïŒãšã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒéã«æ¥åïŒïŒã圢
æããããšãå«ãã第ïŒå³ã®è£ 眮ã®è£œé ã«ãã
ãŠããã®å·¥çšã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãå¡©å第äžé ã®æ°Žæº¶
液ãçšããŠã€ãªã³äº€ææ³ã«ããCu2SïŒç¡«åé ïŒã
CdSïŒç¡«åã«ãããŠã ïŒäžã«æé·ãããããšã«ã
ãè¡ãªããé žçŽ ãæé€ããäžèšã®æµŽçµæç©ã«90ã
100âã§10ç§é浞挬ããã°ååã§ããããšãå€æ
ããã
æ å é
è±ã€ãªã³æ°Ž ïŒ
CuCl 24ïœ
NaCl ïŒïœ
HCl PHãïŒâïŒã«ããã®ã«ååãªé
å¥æ³ãšããŠãå¡©å第äžé
ãèžçããŠãããã
次ã«ãäžèšæ§é äœãéå
æ§é°å²æ°äžã§ç±åŠç
ããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒã®ç¡«åã«ãããŠã ãšåž
åäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒã®ç¡«åé éã«æ¥åïŒïŒã圢æã
ããç±åŠçäžãç¡«åé ã¯ç¡«åã«ãããŠã äžã«æ¡æ£
ããçé¢é åã«ããŒãããããããã«ãéå æ§é°
å²æ°ã¯ãç¡«åé Cu2Sã®èªç±è¡šé¢ã«çæããé žå
ç©ïŒããšãã°Cu2OïŒãååŠçã«éå ããã90ïŒ
ã¢ã«ãŽã³â10ïŒ æ°ŽçŽ é°å²æ°äžã§170âã§15æéã®
ç±åŠçã§ååã§ããããšãå€æãããå¥æ³ãšã
ãŠãããé«ã枩床ããã³ããçãæéã§ã®ç±åŠç
ãæºè¶³ã§ããã
ããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒã®ç¡«åã«ãããŠã ãšåž
åäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒã®ç¡«åé éã«æ¥åïŒïŒã圢æã
ããç±åŠçäžãç¡«åé ã¯ç¡«åã«ãããŠã äžã«æ¡æ£
ããçé¢é åã«ããŒãããããããã«ãéå æ§é°
å²æ°ã¯ãç¡«åé Cu2Sã®èªç±è¡šé¢ã«çæããé žå
ç©ïŒããšãã°Cu2OïŒãååŠçã«éå ããã90ïŒ
ã¢ã«ãŽã³â10ïŒ æ°ŽçŽ é°å²æ°äžã§170âã§15æéã®
ç±åŠçã§ååã§ããããšãå€æãããå¥æ³ãšã
ãŠãããé«ã枩床ããã³ããçãæéã§ã®ç±åŠç
ãæºè¶³ã§ããã
第ïŒå³ããã³ç¬¬ïŒå³ã«ç€ºããããã«ãæ¬çºæè
ã¯ãåžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒäžã«äžé£ç¶éšãçããã
ãšãèªããããã®ãããªäžé£ç¶éšã¯ãåžåäœâçº
é»å±€ïŒïŒãæ§æããç¡«åé ãŸãã¯ä»ã®åžåäœç©è³ª
ã®ç©ŽãŸãã¯ç©ºéãšã¿ãªãããšãã§ãããããã®ç©º
éã§ã¯ç¡«åã«ãããŠã ã®ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒã
é²åºãããããã®ãããªäžé£ç¶éšã¯ãŸããã³ã¬ã¯
ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒã貫éããããã«ãã€ãŠãããšã
ã°ç¡«åäºéã®ããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒã®éšåãé²åºã
ããããšãããã第ïŒå³ã¯ãæ¬çºæã®ç解ãå©ã
ãããã«ãåžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒã®äžé£ç¶éšãèªåŒµ
ããŠç€ºããŠããã第ïŒå³ã®å®æœäŸã«ãããŠãè£ çœ®
ã¯ãç¹å®ã®æ¶²äœãŸãã¯æ°äœïŒããšãã°ç©ºæ°ïŒã®å
åšäžã§å ç±ããããã®çµæãã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒ
ïŒã®é²åºéšåïŒïŒïŒ¡ã§åå¿ãèµ·ããåžåäœâçºé»
å±€ïŒïŒã®äžé£ç¶éšãçããŠãã空éé åã«ããã
ãã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒã圢æãããã第ïŒãïŒå³ã®å®æœäŸ
ã§ã¯ãããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒã¯ãæ§é äœãé žçŽ å«æ
é°å²æ°ããšãã°ç©ºæ°äžã§200âã§ïŒåéå ç±ãã
ããšã«ããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒã®ç¡«åã«ãããŠ
ã ã®é²åºéšåäžã«çæãããç¡«é žã«ãããŠã ã§ã
ããå¥æ³ãšããŠãããããã³ã°å±€ã¯ãäžé£ç¶éšã
å«ãåžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒã®å šè¡šé¢ããããããã«
èšããŠãããããã®å¥æ³ã®ïŒã€ã®äŸã¯ãé ãèžç
ãŸãã¯ã¹ããã¿ããé žåã«ããé žåé ã圢æãã
ããšã«ããé žåé å±€ããããžããããããšã§ã
ãã以äžãã第ïŒå·¥çšã§ããã
ã¯ãåžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒäžã«äžé£ç¶éšãçããã
ãšãèªããããã®ãããªäžé£ç¶éšã¯ãåžåäœâçº
é»å±€ïŒïŒãæ§æããç¡«åé ãŸãã¯ä»ã®åžåäœç©è³ª
ã®ç©ŽãŸãã¯ç©ºéãšã¿ãªãããšãã§ãããããã®ç©º
éã§ã¯ç¡«åã«ãããŠã ã®ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒã
é²åºãããããã®ãããªäžé£ç¶éšã¯ãŸããã³ã¬ã¯
ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒã貫éããããã«ãã€ãŠãããšã
ã°ç¡«åäºéã®ããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒã®éšåãé²åºã
ããããšãããã第ïŒå³ã¯ãæ¬çºæã®ç解ãå©ã
ãããã«ãåžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒã®äžé£ç¶éšãèªåŒµ
ããŠç€ºããŠããã第ïŒå³ã®å®æœäŸã«ãããŠãè£ çœ®
ã¯ãç¹å®ã®æ¶²äœãŸãã¯æ°äœïŒããšãã°ç©ºæ°ïŒã®å
åšäžã§å ç±ããããã®çµæãã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒ
ïŒã®é²åºéšåïŒïŒïŒ¡ã§åå¿ãèµ·ããåžåäœâçºé»
å±€ïŒïŒã®äžé£ç¶éšãçããŠãã空éé åã«ããã
ãã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒã圢æãããã第ïŒãïŒå³ã®å®æœäŸ
ã§ã¯ãããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒã¯ãæ§é äœãé žçŽ å«æ
é°å²æ°ããšãã°ç©ºæ°äžã§200âã§ïŒåéå ç±ãã
ããšã«ããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒã®ç¡«åã«ãããŠ
ã ã®é²åºéšåäžã«çæãããç¡«é žã«ãããŠã ã§ã
ããå¥æ³ãšããŠãããããã³ã°å±€ã¯ãäžé£ç¶éšã
å«ãåžåäœâçºé»å±€ïŒïŒã®å šè¡šé¢ããããããã«
èšããŠãããããã®å¥æ³ã®ïŒã€ã®äŸã¯ãé ãèžç
ãŸãã¯ã¹ããã¿ããé žåã«ããé žåé ã圢æãã
ããšã«ããé žåé å±€ããããžããããããšã§ã
ãã以äžãã第ïŒå·¥çšã§ããã
æåŸã«ã第ïŒå·¥çšãšããŠãéææ¥è§Šå±€ïŒïŒã圢
æããããå±€ïŒïŒã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãããªã³ããã
ãã¯é©åœãªãã¹ã¯ãä»ããèžçã«ããæœãããå°
é»æ§ã¬ã©ã¹ãããã¯éå±æ§æ ŒåïŒã°ãªããïŒã§ã
ããã«ãã»ã«åæïŒïŒãšããŠã¯ã¬ã©ã¹ã䜿çšã§ã
ãã
æããããå±€ïŒïŒã¯ã奜ãŸããã¯ãããªã³ããã
ãã¯é©åœãªãã¹ã¯ãä»ããèžçã«ããæœãããå°
é»æ§ã¬ã©ã¹ãããã¯éå±æ§æ ŒåïŒã°ãªããïŒã§ã
ããã«ãã»ã«åæïŒïŒãšããŠã¯ã¬ã©ã¹ã䜿çšã§ã
ãã
å
é»æ± ïŒã®ç¹å®ã®åœ¢ææ³ã«é¢ããŠåè¿°ããèšèŒ
ã¯ãåã«äŸç€ºçãªãã®ã§ãããä»ã®æ¹æ³ãæ¡çšã§
ããããšã¯ãããŸã§ããªããããšãã°ãèèå é»
æ± ã®é£ç¶è£œé å·¥çšãèšèŒããŠãã1979幎ïŒæ29æ¥
æåºã®ç±³åœç¹èš±é¡ç¬¬43315å·æ现æžã«é瀺ãããŠ
ããæè¡ãæ¬çºæã®å®æœã«å©çšã§ãããåæ§ã«ã
1978幎ïŒæ22æ¥æåºã®ç±³åœç¹èš±é¡ç¬¬944999å·æ现
æžã®è©³çŽ°ãåèã«ãªãã
ã¯ãåã«äŸç€ºçãªãã®ã§ãããä»ã®æ¹æ³ãæ¡çšã§
ããããšã¯ãããŸã§ããªããããšãã°ãèèå é»
æ± ã®é£ç¶è£œé å·¥çšãèšèŒããŠãã1979幎ïŒæ29æ¥
æåºã®ç±³åœç¹èš±é¡ç¬¬43315å·æ现æžã«é瀺ãããŠ
ããæè¡ãæ¬çºæã®å®æœã«å©çšã§ãããåæ§ã«ã
1978幎ïŒæ22æ¥æåºã®ç±³åœç¹èš±é¡ç¬¬944999å·æ现
æžã®è©³çŽ°ãåèã«ãªãã
第ïŒå³ã第ïŒå³ã«ç€ºãå
é»æ± ã¯ã第ïŒå³ã®ãã
ããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒã®åœ¢æãšåæ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§è©²åœäœçœ®ã«
ææã®ç©è³ªããããžããããããšã«ãã圢æãã
ãããããã³ã°å±€ãå«ãã§ãããããªãã¡ã第ïŒ
å³ã®ããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒã第ïŒå³ã®ããããã³ã°
å±€ïŒïŒããã³ç¬¬ïŒå³ã®ããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ã¯ã第ïŒå³ã®å±€ïŒïŒã®ããã«äºãã«åé¢ããç®æ
ã«å¥ã®å±€ã圢æããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã第ïŒå³ã®å±€ïŒïŒ
ãšåæ§ã«å±€èªäœãæããäžé£ç¶éšãé€ããŠå®å šãª
ïŒãŸãã¯äžäœçãªïŒå±€ã§ãããäžéšããããã³ã°
å±€ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã¯ãé žåç©ãç¡«é žå¡©ãŸãã¯ä»
ã®çµ¶çžæ§ç©è³ªã§ããããããã€ãŠãå¿ ãããç¡«å
ã«ãããŠã ã«éå®ãããªãã
ããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒã®åœ¢æãšåæ§ã®æ¹æ³ã§è©²åœäœçœ®ã«
ææã®ç©è³ªããããžããããããšã«ãã圢æãã
ãããããã³ã°å±€ãå«ãã§ãããããªãã¡ã第ïŒ
å³ã®ããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒã第ïŒå³ã®ããããã³ã°
å±€ïŒïŒããã³ç¬¬ïŒå³ã®ããããã³ã°å±€ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒ
ã¯ã第ïŒå³ã®å±€ïŒïŒã®ããã«äºãã«åé¢ããç®æ
ã«å¥ã®å±€ã圢æããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã第ïŒå³ã®å±€ïŒïŒ
ãšåæ§ã«å±€èªäœãæããäžé£ç¶éšãé€ããŠå®å šãª
ïŒãŸãã¯äžäœçãªïŒå±€ã§ãããäžéšããããã³ã°
å±€ïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒã¯ãé žåç©ãç¡«é žå¡©ãŸãã¯ä»
ã®çµ¶çžæ§ç©è³ªã§ããããããã€ãŠãå¿ ãããç¡«å
ã«ãããŠã ã«éå®ãããªãã
åã«åŒ·èª¿ããããã«ãããããã³ã°å±€ã¯åºç¯å²
ã®ç©è³ªããéžæããããšãã§ãããããããªã
ããç¹å®ã®ç©è³ªã«ã€ããŠããã°ãããã¯åå°äœå±€
ïŒåžåäœâçºé»å±€ããã³ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒã®å°
ãªããšãïŒã€ãšãååŠçã«çžå®¹æ§ãã§ããããšã
奜ãŸããããååŠçã«çžå®¹æ§ããšã¯ãç¹å®ã®åšå²
ãšæ¬æ¥é²åºãã¹ãã§ãªãåå°äœå±€ã®æãŸãããªã
é²åºéšåãšã®åå¿ããçããç©è³ªãæå³ãããã
ã«ã¯ãŸãå°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®åå°äœå±€ïŒããšãã°ã
ç¡«åã«ãããŠã ã®ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒïŒãšå ±é
ã®ååŠæåãæããç©è³ªïŒããšãã°ãç¡«åäºéïŒ
ãæå³ããã
ã®ç©è³ªããéžæããããšãã§ãããããããªã
ããç¹å®ã®ç©è³ªã«ã€ããŠããã°ãããã¯åå°äœå±€
ïŒåžåäœâçºé»å±€ããã³ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒã®å°
ãªããšãïŒã€ãšãååŠçã«çžå®¹æ§ãã§ããããšã
奜ãŸããããååŠçã«çžå®¹æ§ããšã¯ãç¹å®ã®åšå²
ãšæ¬æ¥é²åºãã¹ãã§ãªãåå°äœå±€ã®æãŸãããªã
é²åºéšåãšã®åå¿ããçããç©è³ªãæå³ãããã
ã«ã¯ãŸãå°ãªããšãïŒã€ã®åå°äœå±€ïŒããšãã°ã
ç¡«åã«ãããŠã ã®ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ïŒïŒïŒãšå ±é
ã®ååŠæåãæããç©è³ªïŒããšãã°ãç¡«åäºéïŒ
ãæå³ããã
æ¬æããã³ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã«ãããŠãç¡«åã«ã
ããŠã ã§ã§ããå±€ãšã¯ãçŽç²ãªç¡«åã«ãããŠã ã®
å±€ã°ããã§ãªããç¡«åã«ãããŠã ã®ç¹æ§ãæ¯é ç
ã§ããç¡«åã«ãããŠã å«æé¢é£ç©è³ªãããšãã°ã
10ã30ïŒ ã®äºéãã«ãããŠã ã®ä»£ãã«å«ãç¡«åäº
éã«ãããŠã ã®ãããªåéã®ããã«ãå°éã®ä»ã®
éå±ïŒããšãã°ãäºéïŒãå«ãç¡«åã«ãããŠã å±€
ãå å«ããããšãç解ãããã¹ãã§ãããåæ§
ã«ãç¡«åäºéã§ã§ããå±€ãšã¯ãããšãã°ãå°éã®
ã«ãããŠã ãå«ãç¡«åã«ãããŠã äºéå±€ãå å«ã
ãããŸããåå°äœãšããŠæè¡çã«åé¡ããããšã
ã§ããç©è³ªã§ãã絶çžäœãšããŠå¹æçã«äœçšã§ã
ãã€äœçšããã»ã©ååã«é»æµã«ã€ããŠå¶éçã§ã
ãåŸãããšã泚æããã¹ãã§ãããããã«ãå±€ãš
ããçšèªã¯ãé£ç¶çãªå±€ã°ããã§ãªããè€æ°ã®å¿
èŠãªå±æäœçœ®ã«éžæçã«åœ¢æãããäžé£ç¶ãªå±€ã
ãå«ããã®ãšããŠçšããããŠããã
ããŠã ã§ã§ããå±€ãšã¯ãçŽç²ãªç¡«åã«ãããŠã ã®
å±€ã°ããã§ãªããç¡«åã«ãããŠã ã®ç¹æ§ãæ¯é ç
ã§ããç¡«åã«ãããŠã å«æé¢é£ç©è³ªãããšãã°ã
10ã30ïŒ ã®äºéãã«ãããŠã ã®ä»£ãã«å«ãç¡«åäº
éã«ãããŠã ã®ãããªåéã®ããã«ãå°éã®ä»ã®
éå±ïŒããšãã°ãäºéïŒãå«ãç¡«åã«ãããŠã å±€
ãå å«ããããšãç解ãããã¹ãã§ãããåæ§
ã«ãç¡«åäºéã§ã§ããå±€ãšã¯ãããšãã°ãå°éã®
ã«ãããŠã ãå«ãç¡«åã«ãããŠã äºéå±€ãå å«ã
ãããŸããåå°äœãšããŠæè¡çã«åé¡ããããšã
ã§ããç©è³ªã§ãã絶çžäœãšããŠå¹æçã«äœçšã§ã
ãã€äœçšããã»ã©ååã«é»æµã«ã€ããŠå¶éçã§ã
ãåŸãããšã泚æããã¹ãã§ãããããã«ãå±€ãš
ããçšèªã¯ãé£ç¶çãªå±€ã°ããã§ãªããè€æ°ã®å¿
èŠãªå±æäœçœ®ã«éžæçã«åœ¢æãããäžé£ç¶ãªå±€ã
ãå«ããã®ãšããŠçšããããŠããã
æ¬çºæã¯å°æ°ã®ç¹å®å®æœäŸã«é¢ããŠèšèŒããã
ãããããã¯æ¬çºæã®åçãå©çšã§ããå€ãã®ä»
ã®ç¹å®ã®å®æœäŸã®äžã®äŸç€ºçãªãã®ã«éããªãã
ãããã€ãŠãåœæ¥è ã¯æ¬çºæã®ç²Ÿç¥ããã³ç¯å²ã
ãéžè±ããããšãªãå€ãã®å€åœ¢è£ 眮ã圢æããã
ãšãã§ããã
ãããããã¯æ¬çºæã®åçãå©çšã§ããå€ãã®ä»
ã®ç¹å®ã®å®æœäŸã®äžã®äŸç€ºçãªãã®ã«éããªãã
ãããã€ãŠãåœæ¥è ã¯æ¬çºæã®ç²Ÿç¥ããã³ç¯å²ã
ãéžè±ããããšãªãå€ãã®å€åœ¢è£ 眮ã圢æããã
ãšãã§ããã
第ïŒå³ã¯æ¬çºæã®äžå®æœäŸã«ããåç
§å°åå
é»
æ± ã®æŠç¥æé¢å³ã§ãã€ãŠããããã³ã°å±€ãåžåäœ
âçºé»å±€ã§ãããããŠããªãã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€éš
åäžããã³ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ãšäžéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Š
å±€ã®éã«é 眮ãããŠããã®ã瀺ãå³ã第ïŒå³ã¯ç¬¬
ïŒå³ã®ç·ïŒâïŒã«æ²¿ã€ãæé¢å³ã第ïŒå³ã¯ããã
ãã³ã°å±€ã«å¯Ÿããç°ãªãäœçœ®ã瀺ãæ¬çºæã®ä»ã®
å®æœäŸã®ç¬¬ïŒå³ãšé¡äŒŒã®æé¢å³ã第ïŒå³ã¯åžåäœ
âçºé»å±€ãšã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€éã®æ¥åãå±±ããã³
è°·åæ§é ãšããŠç€ºã第ïŒå³ãšé¡äŒŒã®æé¢å³ã第ïŒ
å³ã¯åŸç §å°åå é»æ± ã®ïŒã€ã®åœ¢æ ã瀺ã第ïŒå³ãš
é¡äŒŒã®æé¢å³ããããŠç¬¬ïŒå³ã¯ç¬¬ïŒå³ã®å é»æ± ã®
補é å·¥çšã瀺ãæµãå³ã§ããã ïŒïŒïŒïŒ¡ïŒïŒïŒ¢ïŒïŒïŒ£âŠâŠå é»æ± ãïŒïŒâŠâŠé
æé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ãïŒïŒâŠâŠåžåäœâçºé»å±€ãïŒïŒ
âŠâŠã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ãïŒïŒâŠâŠïŒå èµ·é»åïŒæ¥
åãïŒïŒâŠâŠäžéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ãïŒïŒâŠâŠéæ
ã¬ã©ã¹ãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâŠâŠããããã³ã°å±€ã
ïŒïŒïŒ¡âŠâŠã¬ã©ã¹åºæ¿ãïŒïŒïŒ¢âŠâŠå°é»æ§å±€ãïŒ
ïŒâŠâŠéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ãïŒïŒâŠâŠåžåäœâçºé»
å±€ãïŒïŒâŠâŠã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ãïŒïŒâŠâŠïŒå èµ·
é»åïŒæ¥åãïŒïŒâŠâŠäžéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ãïŒ
ïŒïŒïŒïŒâŠâŠããããã³ã°å±€ã
æ± ã®æŠç¥æé¢å³ã§ãã€ãŠããããã³ã°å±€ãåžåäœ
âçºé»å±€ã§ãããããŠããªãã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€éš
åäžããã³ã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ãšäžéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Š
å±€ã®éã«é 眮ãããŠããã®ã瀺ãå³ã第ïŒå³ã¯ç¬¬
ïŒå³ã®ç·ïŒâïŒã«æ²¿ã€ãæé¢å³ã第ïŒå³ã¯ããã
ãã³ã°å±€ã«å¯Ÿããç°ãªãäœçœ®ã瀺ãæ¬çºæã®ä»ã®
å®æœäŸã®ç¬¬ïŒå³ãšé¡äŒŒã®æé¢å³ã第ïŒå³ã¯åžåäœ
âçºé»å±€ãšã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€éã®æ¥åãå±±ããã³
è°·åæ§é ãšããŠç€ºã第ïŒå³ãšé¡äŒŒã®æé¢å³ã第ïŒ
å³ã¯åŸç §å°åå é»æ± ã®ïŒã€ã®åœ¢æ ã瀺ã第ïŒå³ãš
é¡äŒŒã®æé¢å³ããããŠç¬¬ïŒå³ã¯ç¬¬ïŒå³ã®å é»æ± ã®
補é å·¥çšã瀺ãæµãå³ã§ããã ïŒïŒïŒïŒ¡ïŒïŒïŒ¢ïŒïŒïŒ£âŠâŠå é»æ± ãïŒïŒâŠâŠé
æé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ãïŒïŒâŠâŠåžåäœâçºé»å±€ãïŒïŒ
âŠâŠã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ãïŒïŒâŠâŠïŒå èµ·é»åïŒæ¥
åãïŒïŒâŠâŠäžéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ãïŒïŒâŠâŠéæ
ã¬ã©ã¹ãïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒïŒâŠâŠããããã³ã°å±€ã
ïŒïŒïŒ¡âŠâŠã¬ã©ã¹åºæ¿ãïŒïŒïŒ¢âŠâŠå°é»æ§å±€ãïŒ
ïŒâŠâŠéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ãïŒïŒâŠâŠåžåäœâçºé»
å±€ãïŒïŒâŠâŠã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ãïŒïŒâŠâŠïŒå èµ·
é»åïŒæ¥åãïŒïŒâŠâŠäžéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ãïŒ
ïŒïŒïŒïŒâŠâŠããããã³ã°å±€ã
Claims (1)
- ãç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ã ïŒ éæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ããã³äžéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€
ãªãã³ã«ãããã®éã«é 眮ãããäžéã®äžå¯Ÿã®äº
ãã«éãåã€ãåå°äœå±€ãæ§æèŠçŽ å±€ãšããŠå«
ã¿ãåèšäžå¯Ÿã®åå°äœå±€ã¯ãããã®éã«å èµ·é»å
æ¥åã圢æããŠãããšãšãã«ããããã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒ
å€æå±€ããã³åžåäœâçºé»å±€ãšããŠæ©èœããåèš
éæããã³äžéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€éã®é»æ°çéè·¯ã«
ãããé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ã®äžã€ã«é£æ¥ããåå°äœãã
ãã¯çµ¶çžæ§ç©è³ªã®ããããã³ã°å±€ãèšããããŠã
ãŠè©²ããããã³ã°å±€ã«é£æ¥ããåèšäžã€ã®é»æ°ç
æ¥è§Šå±€ãšè©²ããããã³ã°å±€ã«é£æ¥ããŠããªãä»ã®
æ§æèŠçŽ å±€ãšã®éã®æãŸãããªãé»æ°çæ¥è§Šãé²
æ¢ããããã«æ§æãããèèå é»æ± è£ çœ®ã«ãã
ãŠãåèšããããã³ã°å±€ããåãçããçšååã«
èãåå°äœãããã¯çµ¶çžæ§ç©è³ªã®å±€ãŸãã¯ãåã
ã§ããŠããåå°äœãããã¯çµ¶çžæ§ç©è³ªã®å±€ãå«
ã¿ãåèšåãå é»æ± ã®é£æ¥ããæ§æèŠçŽ éã«é»æ°
çæ¥è§Šãã€ããããããã«ããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãš
ããèèå é»æ± è£ çœ®ã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã«ãããŠãåèšã
ãããã³ã°å±€ã¯åèšã³ã¬ã¯ã¿ãŒå€æå±€ã«é£æ¥ãå
èšåžåäœâçºé»å±€ãšã¯é¢ããŠé 眮ãããŠããããš
ãç¹åŸŽãšããèèå é»æ± è£ çœ®ã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã«ãããŠãåèšã
ãããã³ã°å±€ã¯åèšäžéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ã«é£æ¥ã
ãŠé 眮ãããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããèèå é»æ± è£
眮ã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã«ãããŠãåèšã
ãããã³ã°å±€ã¯åèšéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ã«é£æ¥ããŠ
é 眮ãããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããèèå é»æ± è£
眮ã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé ãã第ïŒé ãŸã§ã®ä»»æ
ã®é èšèŒã«ãããŠãåèšããããã³ã°å±€ã¯ç¡«åäº
éã®å±€ã§ã§ããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããèèå é»æ±
è£ çœ®ã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã«ãããŠãåèšã
ãããã³ã°å±€ã¯åèšäžå¯Ÿã®åå°äœå±€ã®å°ãªããšã
äžã€ãšå ±éã®ååŠæåãæããç©è³ªã§ã§ããŠãã
ããšãç¹åŸŽãšããèèå é»æ± è£ çœ®ã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé ãã第ïŒé ãŸã§ã®ä»»æ
ã®é èšèŒã«ãããŠãåèšéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ã¯éæ
ãªã«ãã»ã«åå±€ãäžã«æããå°é»æ§ã¬ã©ã¹ã®åœ¢æ
ã«ãªã€ãŠããŠãè£ çœ®ãåç §å°å倪éœé»æ± ã§ããã
ãšãç¹åŸŽãšããèèå é»æ± è£ çœ®ã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé ãã第ïŒé ãŸã§ã®ä»»æ
ã®é èšèŒã«ãããŠãåèšéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ã¯éæ
ãªã«ãã»ã«åå±€ãäžã«æããéå±æ§æ Œåã®åœ¢æ ã«
ãªã€ãŠããŠãè£ çœ®ãåç §å°å倪éœé»æ± ã§ããããš
ãç¹åŸŽãšããèèå é»æ± è£ çœ®ã ïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã«ãããŠãåèšäž
察ã®åå°äœå±€éã«åœ¢æãããåèšæ¥åã¯å±±ãšè°·ã
æãã圢ç¶ã®éãã¬ãŒã圢ã§ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšã
ãèèå é»æ± è£ çœ®ã ïŒïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã«ãããŠãåèš
åžåäœâçºé»å±€ã¯ç¡«åé ãåèšã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€
ã¯ç¡«åã«ãããŠã ãŸãã¯ç¡«åäºéã«ãããŠã ãå
èšããããã³ã°å±€ã¯ç¡«åäºéã§ã§ããŠããããšã
ç¹åŸŽãšããèèå é»æ± è£ çœ®ã ïŒïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã«ãããŠãåèš
äžå¯Ÿã®åå°äœå±€ã®äžæ¹ã¯ä»æ¹ã®åå°äœå±€ãé²åºã
ããäžé£ç¶éšããã®äžã«æããŠããã該ä»æ¹ã®å
å°äœå±€ã®ãããé²åºé åéšã«ã®ã¿äžé£ç¶éšãæã
ãªãå¥åã®ããããã³ã°å±€ãããã«èšããããŠã
ãããšãç¹åŸŽãšããèèå é»æ± è£ çœ®ã ïŒïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒïŒé èšèŒã«ãããŠãå
èšä»æ¹ã®åå°äœå±€ã¯ç¡«åã«ãããŠã ãŸãã¯ç¡«åäº
éã«ãããŠã ã§ã§ããŠãããåèšäžé£ç¶éšãæã
ãªãå¥åã®ããããã³ã°å±€ã¯ç¡«é žã«ãããŠã ã§ã§
ããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããèèå é»æ± è£ çœ®ã ïŒïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒïŒé èšèŒã«ãããŠãå
èšåžåäœâçºé»å±€ã¯ç¡«åé ãåèšã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æ
å±€ã¯ç¡«åã«ãããŠã ãåèšäžé£ç¶éšãæããªãå¥
åã®ããããã³ã°å±€ã¯ç¡«é žã«ãããŠã ãåèšäžé£
ç¶éšãæããããããã³ã°å±€ã¯ç¡«åäºéã§ã§ããŠ
ããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããèèå é»æ± è£ çœ®ã ïŒïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒïŒé èšèŒã«ãããŠãç¡«
åé ã§ã§ããåèšåžåäœâçºé»å±€ã¯ç¡«åã«ãããŠ
ã ã§ã§ããåèšã³ã¯ã¬ã¿âå€æå±€ãéšåçã«é²åº
ãããäžé£ç¶éšããã®äžã«æããŠãããç¡«é žã«ã
ããŠã ã§ã§ããåèšããããã³ã°å±€ã¯ç¡«åã«ãã
ãŠã ã§ã§ããåèšã³ã¬ã¯ã¿âå€æå±€ã®é²åºéšã«ã®
ã¿èšããããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããèèå é»æ± è£
眮ã ïŒïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé èšèŒã«ãããŠãåèš
ããããã³ã°å±€ã¯é žåé ã§ã§ããŠããŠãåèšåžå
äœâçºé»å±€ãšåèšéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ã®éã«èšãã
ããŠããããšãç¹åŸŽãšããèèå é»æ± è£ çœ®ã ïŒïŒ ç¹èš±è«æ±ã®ç¯å²ç¬¬ïŒé ãã第ïŒé ãŸã§ã®ä»»
æã®é èšèŒã«ãããŠãåèšéæé»æ°çæ¥è§Šå±€ã¯é
æãªå°é»å±€ãäžã«æããã¬ã©ã¹åºæ¿ããæã€ãŠã
ãŠãè£ çœ®ãåŸç §å°å倪éœé»æ± ã§ããèèå é»æ± è£
眮ã
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US94499978A | 1978-09-22 | 1978-09-22 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS5570076A JPS5570076A (en) | 1980-05-27 |
JPH0137860B2 true JPH0137860B2 (ja) | 1989-08-09 |
Family
ID=25482451
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP12190979A Granted JPS5570076A (en) | 1978-09-22 | 1979-09-21 | Method of manufacturing photocell |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0010359B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPS5570076A (ja) |
BR (1) | BR7906049A (ja) |
CA (1) | CA1121897A (ja) |
DE (1) | DE2967394D1 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES484353A1 (ja) |
IL (1) | IL58271A (ja) |
ZA (1) | ZA794936B (ja) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS57128083A (en) * | 1981-01-30 | 1982-08-09 | Semiconductor Energy Lab Co Ltd | Photoelectric converting device |
FR2536913B1 (fr) * | 1982-11-25 | 1986-04-04 | Saint Gobain Rech Sa | Perfectionnement aux cellules photovoltaiques a couche polycristalline a base de cds |
GB2139421B (en) * | 1983-03-07 | 1987-09-23 | Semiconductor Energy Lab | Semiconductor photoelectric conversion device and method of manufacture |
IN162671B (ja) * | 1984-03-05 | 1988-06-25 | Energy Conversion Devices Inc | |
US20110017286A1 (en) * | 2008-03-24 | 2011-01-27 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Composite nanorods with distinct regions |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3483038A (en) * | 1967-01-05 | 1969-12-09 | Rca Corp | Integrated array of thin-film photovoltaic cells and method of making same |
US3902920A (en) * | 1972-11-03 | 1975-09-02 | Baldwin Co D H | Photovoltaic cell |
-
1979
- 1979-09-17 CA CA000335736A patent/CA1121897A/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-18 ZA ZA00794936A patent/ZA794936B/xx unknown
- 1979-09-18 IL IL58271A patent/IL58271A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1979-09-19 EP EP79301945A patent/EP0010359B1/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-19 DE DE7979301945T patent/DE2967394D1/de not_active Expired
- 1979-09-21 JP JP12190979A patent/JPS5570076A/ja active Granted
- 1979-09-21 ES ES484353A patent/ES484353A1/es not_active Expired
- 1979-09-21 BR BR7906049A patent/BR7906049A/pt unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2967394D1 (en) | 1985-03-28 |
IL58271A (en) | 1982-02-28 |
EP0010359A1 (en) | 1980-04-30 |
CA1121897A (en) | 1982-04-13 |
EP0010359B1 (en) | 1985-02-20 |
JPS5570076A (en) | 1980-05-27 |
BR7906049A (pt) | 1980-07-08 |
ZA794936B (en) | 1980-09-24 |
ES484353A1 (es) | 1980-09-01 |
IL58271A0 (en) | 1979-12-30 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4251286A (en) | Thin film photovoltaic cells having blocking layers | |
US4239553A (en) | Thin film photovoltaic cells having increased durability and operating life and method for making same | |
US4267398A (en) | Thin film photovoltaic cells | |
JP2686022B2 (ja) | å èµ·é»åçŽ åã®è£œé æ¹æ³ | |
US5127964A (en) | Flexible photovoltaic device | |
US5131954A (en) | Monolithic solar cell array and method for its manufacturing | |
US4320154A (en) | Method of forming solar cells by grid contact isolation | |
US4595790A (en) | Method of making current collector grid and materials therefor | |
US4647711A (en) | Stable front contact current collector for photovoltaic devices and method of making same | |
KR100334595B1 (ko) | êŽêž°ì ë ¥ìììì ì¡°ë°©ë² | |
GB2360391A (en) | Method of manufacturing a solar cell | |
JP2002217430A (ja) | ïœæ¥å倪éœé»æ± | |
JPH0563953B2 (ja) | ||
JPH0520914B2 (ja) | ||
WO2005006393A2 (en) | Pinhold porosity free insulating films on flexible metallic substrates for thin film applications | |
US20090301562A1 (en) | High efficiency photovoltaic cell and manufacturing method | |
US4666569A (en) | Method of making multilayer ohmic contact to thin film p-type II-VI semiconductor | |
US4064522A (en) | High efficiency selenium heterojunction solar cells | |
US4595791A (en) | Thin-film photovoltaic devices incorporating current collector grid and method of making | |
EP0186350B1 (en) | Multilayer ohmic contact for p-type semiconductor and method of making same | |
Nakato et al. | pn Junction silicon electrode coated with noble metal for efficient solar photoelectrolysis of hydrogen iodide. | |
JPH0137860B2 (ja) | ||
US9087943B2 (en) | High efficiency photovoltaic cell and manufacturing method free of metal disulfide barrier material | |
KR101223021B1 (ko) | íìì ì§ì ì ì¡°ë°©ë² ë° íìì ì§ | |
US8394662B1 (en) | Chloride species surface treatment of thin film photovoltaic cell and manufacturing method |