JPH0135968B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a device for removing fog and preventing freezing from an aircraft runway. More specifically, the present invention relates to a device for removing fog and preventing freezing from an aircraft runway. This relates to a device that can be used for various purposes.

Although various countermeasures against dense fog accidents at airports have been studied, no technology has been developed to implement them economically and effectively. In the past, it has been reported that fuel was burned at both end lines of a runway in Britain during World War I, and fog removal was temporarily successful due to the draft and temperature rise caused by the combustion gas, but this has not been done until now. However, the reality is that there has been less progress than in this example. For example, at Charles de Gaulle Airport in France, the combustion described above was simply converted to gas. When performing mist removal using such fuel, it is undeniable that a very large amount of fuel is consumed and the running cost increases significantly.

The present invention was made with the aim of developing a device that can reduce fuel consumption to the maximum extent possible, and utilizes the flat ground near the runway as a solar heat receiving surface and stores this solar heat in a large capacity for a long period of time. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a device that can effectively extract heat stored throughout the year to remove fog and prevent runways from freezing. That is, the present invention has a configuration in which a heat medium circulation path is formed between a solar heat collector installed on the ground surface near the runway and a heat storage tank installed underground, and solar heat is stored in the heat storage tank. A runway fog removal device that injects air warmed using heat storage into the atmosphere from air blowing nozzles arranged along the runway, the heat storage tank being a large number of air storage tanks filled with a heat storage material. Each heat storage unit consists of a container filled with a heat storage material that can be melted by the heat collected by the solar collector. It is characterized in that a passage is formed through which a medium fluid flows. This device can also effectively prevent the runway from freezing by transferring the heat from the heat storage tank into the runway surface through the heat pipe.

The fog removal above the runway by the device of the present invention is carried out in the 15th
As shown schematically in the figure, this is done by injecting high-temperature air upward from numerous air blowing nozzles installed on both sides of the runway, and solar heat is used to obtain this high-temperature air. This is done by using . In other words, sufficient heat for fog removal can be provided by solar heat stored throughout the year.For example, a heat storage tank that can store solar heat stored in the summer for several months or more than half a year is installed near the runway. It is installed as an underground structure underground. In order to store heat in a large capacity and over a long period of time, the device of the present invention uses latent heat storage. In other words, the device of the present invention stores heat collected by a solar heat collector installed in an open area near the runway in a latent heat storage tank underground, and uses this heat storage by sending a high-temperature air stream into the atmosphere when dense fog occurs. Its main feature is that it uses a special heat storage tank that can store a large amount of solar heat in the form of latent heat over a long period of time until the onset of fog.

Therefore, first, the principle and structure of the heat storage device according to the present invention for storing solar heat in a large capacity and for a long period of time will be explained, and then the overall structure of the runway misting device of the present invention will be explained.

The heat storage materials for storing heat in the form of latent heat used in the heat storage device of the present invention include various hydrated salts and hydrated salt mixtures, such as CaCl ₂ .6H ₂ O, Na ₂ SO ₄ .
1OH ₂ O, Na ₂ S ₂ O ₃・5H ₂ O, Na ₂ HPO ₄ −
Substances with relatively low melting points and relatively large latent heat such as NaH ₂ PO ₄ -KH ₂ PO ₄ -H ₂ O mixtures, organic compounds such as ethylenediamine, or oils and fats such as paraffin and silicone oil are suitable. Although it has long been known in principle that it is advantageous to store heat by utilizing latent heat during phase transformation between solid and liquid phases of a substance, a practical scale device for this has not yet appeared. In other words, the practical application of a heat storage device using latent heat that can repeatedly store a large amount of heat and recover it will enable heat exchange between the heating medium and the entire large-capacity heat storage material without causing transformation or deterioration of the heat storage material. Moreover, it was considered to be extremely difficult to do so without causing the problem of contamination by heat storage substances because it is technically difficult. In the present invention, such latent heat storage is carried out by confining it in an underground structure, and for this purpose, a collection of special heat storage units is used as a heat storage tank for enclosing this heat storage material. do.

First, we will explain the heat storage unit as one element for configuring the heat storage tank installed underground near the runway, and then explain how it is assembled and its arrangement (Figures 1 to 12). , the overall structure of the apparatus of the present invention (FIGS. 13 to 15) will be explained sequentially according to the embodiments shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing one embodiment of the basic type of the heat storage unit of the present invention. In Figure 1, 1
is a cylindrical case, and an upper cover 2 and a lower cover 2' are airtightly attached to the upper and lower sides of the case 1. A small cylinder 3 coaxial with the housing 1 is airtightly attached to the center of the upper cover 2 and lower cover 2', and a coil 4 is arranged to surround the small cylinder 3.
One end of the coil 4 projects below the housing 1, and the other end projects above the housing 1, and the connection of the coil end to the housing 1 is also maintained airtight. 5 is a heat storage material injection port, 6 is a heat storage material discharge port,
After filling with the heat storage material, the injection port 5 and the discharge port 6 are kept blind. In this way, a container for enclosing the heat storage material is formed, and a passage for flowing the heat transfer fluid, that is, a small cylinder 3 and a coil 4, is formed in this container. As will be described later, this small cylinder 3 is used as a passage for a gas such as air to flow, and the coil 4 is used as a passage for a liquid such as water to flow. The heat storage unit shown in this figure is substantially symmetrical vertically and horizontally, and appears to have the same shape even if the position shown in the figure is turned upside down. The outlet of the small cylinder 3' in the device unit is aligned with and connected to the inlet of the small cylinder 3 shown by the solid line, and similarly, the outlet and inlet of the coil 4 are connected by piping.

Figure 2 shows a state in which eight heat storage units in Figure 1 are combined to form one unit of heat storage tank, and Figure 3 shows a state in which one unit of heat storage tank made up of these eight heat storage units is further assembled. are shown diagrammatically.

As shown in Figure 2, one unit of heat storage tank consists of four hollow pipes a to d assembled at the four corners of a rectangle, and these hollow pipes a to b, b to c, c to
Eight heat storage units are placed in two stages in a framework consisting of four hollow pipes A to D arranged on the center sides between d and d to a, and one hollow pipe CP located in the center. It is composed of the following: Among these hollow pipes, the peripheral ones except for the central pipe CP are shared with the adjacent tanks when one unit of heat storage tanks is assembled next to each other.

In this state, as shown in the arrangement in Fig. 3, the pipes a to d at the corners of one unit of heat storage tank (Ui) are
In one direction (up and down in the figure), it is shared as a corner pipe of adjacent unit heat storage tanks, but in a certain direction (in the left and right direction in the figure), it is shared as a side pipe of adjacent unit heat storage tanks. be done. And all of these pipes (a~d, i~d,
In addition to serving as a support for assembling and fixing the heat storage units, the CP) also serves as a heat source for circulating the heat medium liquid by connecting the coils 4 (Fig. 1) arranged inside each heat storage unit to each other. It is designed to function as a medium pipe. In each unit heat storage tank, the pipes are positioned relative to each other using three support plates 7 as shown in FIG. 4, and the nine pipes positioned in this way and the three support plates , eight heat storage units are joined two by two along the axis to form four cylinders, and these four cylinders constitute one unit of heat storage tank. By joining along this axis, the small cylinder 3 (first
) are aligned and connected to each other, and a heat transfer gas is passed through them.

The heat medium liquid flows through each hollow pipe a to d, i to
D. The heat is circulated to the coils of each heat storage unit using the CP, and this connection relationship is shown by the arrows in the layout of FIG. For example, if we look at the unit heat storage tank Ui in Figure 3, the heat medium liquid is connected to the central pipe CP so that it flows out from each internal coil, and the heat medium liquid flows from the side pipes A and B to each internal coil. connected so that it flows into the
On the other hand, in the unit heat storage tank to the right of this Ui,
The connection with the central pipe CP is the same as Ui, but
In Ui, the corner pipes a to d function as side pipes i to d, and the heat medium liquid begins to flow in from now on. In other words, by shifting one heat storage unit adjacent to the unit heat storage tank, pipes that are not used for liquid circulation in the adjacent unit heat storage tank can be used for liquid circulation in the adjacent unit heat storage tank. When viewed individually as a unit heat storage tank, the connection position between each pipe and the coil in each unit can remain unchanged. Unit heat storage tanks can be assembled infinitely while maintaining this unchanging connection relationship, and in fact, the degree of this collection can be arbitrarily adjusted according to the heat capacity for heat reception or heat radiation. In addition, in the case of this set, in addition to the spreading direction as shown in FIG. 3, connections in the vertical direction are also optional, and a heat storage tank structure having an arbitrary three-dimensional structure can be constructed. In the constructed heat storage tank, if the heat medium gas is made to pass through the small cylinder of each heat storage unit and also through the gap between each heat storage unit, that is, the outside of the housing 1, each heat storage The heat storage material within the heat exchanger unit has a further increased heat exchange area with the heat transfer gas, and its heat exchange efficiency is improved. In actual operation, it is preferable to use the heat medium gas for heat storage and the heat medium liquid passed through the coil for heat radiation, but the opposite operation may be performed depending on the case.

Below, other ways of using the heat storage unit of the present invention and other examples of shapes and structures will be shown.

FIG. 5 shows an example in which a ring joint 9 is used to connect heat storage units in the axial direction. As shown in Fig. 6, this ring joint 9 is
The opening 10 through which gas passes is located between the upper and lower rings 11 and 12.
The ends of the heat storage unit to be connected are fitted into the rings 11 and 12. Then, the support plate 7 shown in FIG. 4 is supported at the center of this ring joint 9. 1
3 indicates a projecting piece for receiving this support plate 7. If this support plate 7 is used and the connections between the small cylinders are slightly separated when joining the heat storage unit, a portion of the gas flowing from one small cylinder to the other will flow out through the openings 10 to the outside of the casing. death,
Conversely, the gas flowing outside the case collides with the support plate 7 (this support plate 7 functions as a buffer plate), creating an air flow that flows into the small cylinder from the opening 10, and the gas flows into the small cylinder. The airflow flows in a mixed manner between the outside and inside of the body (small cylinder), and heat exchange between this gas and the heat storage material is effectively performed over the entire area of the heat storage material in each heat storage unit.

FIG. 7 is a layout diagram in which the heat storage unit of FIG. 1 is arranged in the most compact manner. In this case, two pipes are used for one heat storage unit.
4 and 15 are used, one of which is used as an inlet pipe for introducing the heat transfer liquid into the coil in the regenerator unit, and the other as an outlet pipe for causing the heat transfer liquid to flow out of the coil. The connections in the axial direction of each heat storage unit are stacked while maintaining the arrangement shown in Figure 7, but the pipe that was used as an outflow pipe in one heat storage unit can be connected as an outflow pipe. You may do so. That is, the coils of each heat storage unit may be connected to the pipes 14 and 15 in series. Whether to connect in series or in parallel is determined by the heat receiving capacity, the amount of heat medium fluid, and the type and amount of heat storage material. In this lamination, it is also possible to use a ring joint as shown in FIG. 6, and it is also possible to flow the heat transfer gas to the outside and inside (small cylinder) of the housing. However, in the arrangement shown in FIG. 7, the gaps between the heat accumulator units are smaller than in the arrangement shown in FIG. 3, so it is not necessarily necessary to use the buffle plate as shown in FIG. 4.

Figures 8 to 12 show an example of a heat storage unit having a rectangular (rectangular parallelepiped) external shape. Figure 8 shows a case in which one small cylinder 3 is attached to the longitudinal center of the rectangular parallelepiped housing 1. Figure 9 also shows 4 in the longitudinal direction.
A small cylinder 3 of books is shown attached in parallel. The heat storage material is sealed around a small cylinder 3 in the case 1, and by passing a heat medium, such as air, through the small cylinder that passes through the case 1 in the longitudinal direction, the heat medium and the heat storage material are separated. Heat exchange takes place. 8th
In each of FIGS. and 9, a heat storage tank of a desired capacity can be constructed by assembling pieces of the same shape adjacently so that the small cylinders are connected to each other.
FIG. 10 shows a case in which two independent curved passages are provided in the case 1, so that the passages are spread over the entire area of the heat storage material sealed in the case 1, and the heat transfer medium is This is an example in which the entrances and exits are concentrated on one side. That is, in Figure 10, 16 ₁ and 16 ₂
are the entrances and exits of one passage, and 17 ₁ and 17 ₂ are the entrances and exits of the other passage, and these four ports are all concentrated on one surface of the housing 1. Fig. 11 shows an example in which one bent passage similar to Fig. 10 is combined with a small cylinder 3 similar to Fig. 8;
One curved passage similar to Figure 0 and four similar to Figure 9.
An example in which a small cylinder 3 of a book is combined is shown.
In FIGS. 10 to 12, it is preferable that the bent passages pass a liquid heat medium and the small cylinders pass a gas heat medium.

The devices shown in FIGS. 8 to 12 can be connected and stacked by connecting the same type of devices to the inlet of the heat medium path of another device by connecting the outlet of the heat medium path to the inlet of the heat medium path of the other device.

In the present invention, heat storage units as shown in the above embodiments are used, and the heat storage units are assembled together so that the heat medium flows in the heat medium passages 3 or 4, and this assembly is installed in an underground structure near the runway. Place it inside something. A heat medium circulation path is formed between this underground heat storage tank and a solar heat collector preferably installed on the ground surface above the heat storage tank, and solar heat is transferred to the heat storage material in the heat storage unit in the form of latent heat. It stores heat and allows it to be taken out as a heat source for fog removal and runway freeze prevention.

FIG. 13 shows a solar heat collector 20 placed on the ground beside the runway 19, and a solar heat collector 20 placed on the ground.
The figure shows an example in which a heat storage tank structure is installed underground at the bottom of 0, where 20 is an air solar heat storage device, 21 is an underground concrete structure, and Ui and Uj are unit heat storage units consisting of multiple heat storage units. tank, 22 is a blower, 23 is an air chamber, 24 is a switching damper,
25 is an air supply port, 26 is a return air port, 28 to 31 are liquid pipes, and 32 is a liquid tank. As shown in the figure, this solar heat storage device has heat storage units as described above arranged in a collective arrangement in an underground structure directly below an air-type solar heat collector 20 placed on the solar radiation surface of the earth's surface. It is. This assembly of heat storage units can be constructed by, for example, rotating the unit heat storage tank consisting of the eight heat storage units explained in FIG. 2 by 90 degrees from the state shown in FIG. The heat storage tanks Ui and Uj are stacked in three-dimensional directions: top and bottom, left and right, and front and back, and air is allowed to flow horizontally through the unit heat storage tanks Ui and Uj.

First, to explain the flow of air in this heat storage device, during heat storage operation, the air discharged from the blower 22 is transferred from the air chamber 23 to the switching damper 24.
The air heated by the heat collector 20 flows in a meandering manner from the upper row of unit heat storage tanks to the lower row of unit heat storage tanks. After heating the heat storage material in the heat storage unit, the heat is finally sucked into the blower 22 again, and this cycle is repeated again. By continuing this heat storage operation, the heat storage material in the heat storage unit will melt, and most of the heat storage units will contain the molten heat storage material, especially in cases of strong solar radiation. Once the heat storage material has been melted, when the flow of the heat medium into the heat storage device is stopped, even if it partially begins to solidify, the inside of the device is maintained at a predetermined temperature by the heat generated. Most of it remains molten for a long period of time.

The occurrence of fog can be detected in advance by a temperature/humidity sensor that constantly monitors the atmospheric conditions (for example, this can be installed in the same unit as the guidance beacon), and the fog removal operation, that is, heat dissipation, is carried out. Drive. In this heat dissipation operation, the switching damper 24 may be operated to guide the air in the air chamber 23 toward the air blowing nozzle 25, and the air from the return air port 26 may be caused to flow into the pneumatic solar heat collector 20. As a result, the air taken in from the return air port 26 is heated by the heat of solidification of the heat storage material as it passes through the unit heat storage tank with the power of the blower 22 alone, and is injected above the runway 19 from the air blowing nozzle 25. , this removes the fog above the runway.

In addition, in the heat dissipation operation to prevent the runway 19 from freezing, water is passed through the coil 4 (Fig. 1) of each heat storage unit to recover this heat, and the heat is transferred to the heat pipe 3.
1 to the runway 19. In this case as well, freezing predictions are automatically made using temperature sensors installed at representative points on the runway, and operational instructions are given to the system. For example, a unit heat storage tank Ui is constructed by installing hollow pipes a to d, a to d, and CP as shown in Figure 2, and these pipes are connected between unit heat storage tanks to form a series of continuous pipes. Water piping will be provided to allow water to flow through the coils of each heat storage unit. And pump 33 is connected to these pipes.
The water in the tank 32 may be circulated by the heat pipe 32, and the obtained high-temperature water may be brought into contact with one end of the heat pipe 31. Heat pipe 1 buried in runway 19
9 will also serve as reinforcement and at the same time function as a heater to prevent freezing.

FIG. 14 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a device in which an auxiliary heat source device is further attached to the solar heat storage device of FIG. 13. As shown in the figure, a gas burner 40 and a combustion chamber 41 are provided in the air circulation path so that this combustion air can be fed into the air chamber 23.
In FIG. 14, 42 is a fuel gas cylinder;
3 is a gas pipe, and 24 ₁ to 24 ₆ are switching dampers, which can be used for heat storage operation using solar heat alone, heat storage operation using solar heat and combustion gas, operation that radiates heat stored in the heat storage unit, and combustion air that is further mixed into this heat radiation operation. An operation in which the heat storage tank is partially used, an operation in which these operations are combined, an operation in which the heat storage tank is partially used, etc. can be performed by controlling the opening degrees of the switching dampers 24 ₁ to _{24 6} . Heat pipes and fluid piping are not shown in the figure, but they are installed in the same way as in Figure 13, and are operated in the same way as in Figure 13, except that auxiliary heat sources are introduced as appropriate, and they utilize solar heat. There is no change in the method of storing heat.

In addition, in the examples shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, an air-type solar heat collector is used and air is circulated as a heat medium between the heat collector and the heat storage tank.
It is also possible to use a liquid type solar heat collector and store heat between the heat collector and the heat storage tank using a liquid (for example, water) as a heat medium. That is,
A heat medium for heat storage may be passed through the coil 4 shown in FIG. 1, and air for heat dissipation operation (fog removal operation) may be passed outside the small cylinder 3 or the container. Also, heat pipe 3
The heating end of No. 1 can be brought into contact with the high-temperature air of this heat dissipation operation to prevent freezing (Fig. 14).

FIG. 15 is an overall schematic diagram of the runway misting device according to the present invention, in which the solar heat collectors 20 described in detail above are placed on the ground surface on both sides along the runway 19, and the solar heat collectors 20 are placed in the ground below. This shows the state in which the heat storage device described in detail above is installed. A large number of air blowing nozzles 25 are arranged at equal intervals on both sides of the runway 19, from which high-temperature air obtained by the heat dissipation operation of the heat storage device is injected above the runway 19, accompanied by surrounding induced air. The fog is removed by generating an upward air current.

Figure 16 shows a heat pipe 31 inside the runway 19.
One end of the heat pipe 31 is open to the heat generation source 45 of the heat storage device, and the substantial length of the other side of the heat pipe 31 is buried in the runway 19. While playing the role of reinforcement, the heat from the heat generation source 45 is efficiently transferred to the runway 19 through the evaporation and condensation cycle of the heat medium in the heat pipe 31, so that the runway can be quickly heated. This is what I did.

In this way, the device of the present invention can remove fog while minimizing fuel consumption, and can effectively prevent runways from freezing, as a countermeasure against dense airport fog, which has been desired for a long time. , is an extremely useful invention.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a typical example of a heat storage unit according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is a perspective view showing an example in which one unit of heat storage tank is constituted by eight heat storage units, and Fig. 3 is a unit heat storage tank. Figure 4 is a perspective view of the support plate (bumpful plate) used to construct the unit heat storage tank, Figure 5 is a schematic front view showing the connection part of the heat storage unit, Figure 6 7 is a perspective view of the ring joint used for the connection, FIG. 7 is a layout diagram showing another example of the arrangement of the heat storage unit, and FIG.
Figures 12 to 12 are perspective views showing examples of heat storage units each having a rectangular outer shape, Figure 13 is a sectional view showing an example of a device configuration of an air type solar heat collector and a heat storage tank assembly, and Figure 14 is a perspective view showing an example of a heat storage unit having a square outer shape. FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing a modification of the device, FIG. 15 is an overall schematic sectional view showing an example of the runway misting device of the present invention, and FIG. 16 is a schematic sectional view showing a structure for preventing freezing of a runway. be. 1... Housing, 2... Lid, 3... Small cylinder (heat medium gas passage), 4... Coil (heat medium liquid passage), 7...
Support plate (full plate), 9...Ring joint, 19...Runway, 20...Solar heat collector, 22...Blower, 25...Air blowing nozzle,
31... Heat pipe, U... A unit heat storage tank consisting of a plurality of heat storage units.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A structure in which a heat medium circulation path is formed between a solar heat collector installed on the ground surface near the runway and a heat storage tank installed underground, and solar heat is stored in the heat storage tank. , a runway fog removal device that uses this heat storage to inject heated air into the atmosphere from air blowing nozzles arranged along the runway, wherein the heat storage tank encloses a heat storage material. Each heat storage unit consists of a container filled with a heat storage material that can be melted by the heat collected by the solar collector. 1. A runway fog removal device, characterized in that a passage is formed through which a heat transfer fluid flows. 2. A heat medium circulation path is formed between a solar heat collector installed on the ground surface near the runway and a heat storage tank installed underground, and solar heat is stored in the heat storage tank. A runway fog removal device that injects heated air into the atmosphere from air blowing nozzles arranged along the runway, the heat storage tank comprising a number of heat storage units sealed with heat storage material. Each heat storage unit consists of a container filled with a heat storage material that can be melted by the heat collected by the solar collector, and a heat transfer fluid is allowed to flow inside each container. 1. A runway fog removal device which also serves to prevent road surface freezing, characterized in that a passageway is formed for the purpose of preventing freezing of a road surface, and the heat in the heat storage tank is transferred to the runway surface via a heat pipe.