JPH01313595A - Ultraheavy oil emulsion fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To reduce the viscosity, make it possible to conduct atomization at a low temp. and improve the handleability by mixing an ultraheavy oil with a particular anionic surfactant and a particular nonionic surfactant and emulsifying the mixture. CONSTITUTION:100 pts.wt. (hereinafter merely 'pts.') ultraheavy oil is mixed with 30-80 pts. water, 0.05-4 pts. nonionic surfactant having a hydrophile-lipophile balance of 14-19, such as an alkylene oxide adduct (of a formalin condensate having an average degree of condensation of 1.2-100) of a phenolic hydroxyl compd. (provided that the alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, butylene oxide or styrene oxide), 0.003-1 pt. hydrophilic natural polymer derived from a microorganism, a plant or an animal, such as xanthan gum, agar, tara gum, gum karaya, pectin, gelatin or a cellulose derivative, or hydrophilic natural polymer derived from a naturally occurring substance (including a microorganism) selected from among natural polymer derivatives, and optionally an anionic surfactant, and the mixture is stirred under high shearing for emulsification.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] The present invention relates to extra heavy oil emulsion fuels.

[Problems to be solved by conventional techniques and inventions] Petroleum,
As fossil fuel resources that are not included in coal and LNG, oil sands, bitumens (orinocotar, athabascabitumen), etc. are attracting a lot of attention because of their large reserves.

Furthermore, even in petroleum systems, there is a large surplus of asphalt or its heat treatment residues, excluding distillate oils such as naphtha. These extra-heavy oils are usually vacuum distillation residues of 420~
It is an oily substance containing about 60 to 70% or more of heavy fractions at temperatures above 450°C, and either does not flow as it is or has a high viscosity of centipoise or more. Therefore, in order to use it as a fuel, it has to be heated to a high temperature of 280 to 300'C, otherwise there are problems with handling and atomization, and it is also easy to cause troubles such as clogging of pipes, making it a very difficult fuel to use.

[Means to solve the problem]

The present inventors have demonstrated that by using a suitable surfactant and a hydrophilic polymer substance derived from natural products, ultra-heavy oil (0) can be converted into water (!A).
It has been discovered that it is possible to produce an oil-in-water type (0/W type) emulsion fuel of ultra-heavy oil emulsified in a liquid. This emulsion fuel exhibits a viscosity relatively close to that of water, can be sufficiently atomized at high temperatures, for example, 80 to 90°C, and is a very easy-to-handle fuel. In the O type emulsion fuel, the lower the content of O (water), the lower the O (oil) content.
The higher the content, the better it is as a fuel and the lower the fuel loss. In order for emulsion fuel to be handled like normal liquid fuel oil, it must have long-term stability to withstand transportation and storage. Conventionally, there have been many reports on the use of emulsified oils with good fluidity, such as kerosene, heavy oil, B heavy oil, C heavy oil, etc., but the heavy fraction is very high, and either they do not flow or have a centibois or more. Emulsifying ultra-heavy oil with high viscosity,
There are almost no reports of its use as fuel.

The inventors obtained 100 parts of extra-heavy oil (by weight, the same applies hereinafter)
, 30 to 80 parts of water, preferably 33 to 50 parts, and the following (i
) to (vi) A nonionic surfactant with an HLB (hydrophilic-lipophilic balance) value of 14 to 19 0
．． 05 to 4 parts, and a natural product selected from the group consisting of hydrophilic polymer substances or natural polymer derivatives derived from microorganisms, plants, or animals shown in (A) to (D) below.
Hydrophilic polymer substances derived from microorganisms)0. '00
In addition to the above-mentioned nonionic surfactant and hydrophilic polymeric substance derived from natural products, the composition comprises 3 to 1 part of an anionic surfactant selected from the group shown in (I) to (VII) below. 0.005 parts of agent per 100 parts of extra heavy oil
The composition obtained by adding ~4 parts has a low viscosity and is stable for a long time.
It was discovered that a type 3 ultra-heavy oil emulsion can be obtained. Preferably, efficient mechanical means are used to manufacture the composition.

<Nonionic surfactants with HLB 14 to 19> (i) Phenol, cresol, butylphenol, nonylphenol, dinonylphenol, dodecylphenol, paracumylphenol, bisphenol 8, and other phenolic hydroxy acids, alkylene oxide adducts of compounds having 1 .

However, alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/
and propylene oxide, butylene oxide, and styrene oxide.

(ii) Alkylene oxide adducts of formalin condensates of compounds having phenolic hydroxyl groups, such as alkylphenols, phenols, metacresols, styrenated phenols, and benzylated phenols. The average degree of condensation is 1
．． 2 to 100, preferably 2 to 20, the alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/and propylene oxide,
Butylene oxide and styrene oxide.

(iii) Alkylene oxide adducts of monovalent aliphatic alcohols and/or aliphatic amines having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

Alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/and propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide.

(iv) ethylene oxide and propylene oxide or/
and block or random addition polymers of butylene oxide and styrene oxide.

(■) Polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol polyglycerin, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, or esters of these polyhydric alcohols and fatty acids having 8 to 18 carbon atoms. Alkylene oxide adduct. Alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/and propylene oxide, butylene oxide,
It is styrene oxide.

(vi) ethylenediamine, tetraethylenediamine,
An alkylene oxide adduct of a polyvalent amine having multiple active hydrogens such as polyethyleneimine (molecular weight 600 to 10,000). Alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/
and propylene oxide, butylene oxide, and styrene oxide.

(vi) 1 mol of triglyceride fat, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sucrose, ethylene glycol, molecular weight 1
Alkylene oxide is added to a mixture with 0.1 to 5 moles of water and/or one or more polyhydric alcohols selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 000 or less, propylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1000 or less. Product of addition reaction. Alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/and propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide.

The action of the above-mentioned nonionic surfactant is to adsorb to the interface of particles of extra-heavy oil, help reduce the size of the particles, and at the same time prevent re-agglomeration of the particles through a protective action.

Because the viscosity of extra-heavy oil is extremely high, it is generally heated at 50 to 60℃.
Emulsification is performed at higher temperatures to produce emulsion fuel. The higher the viscosity, the higher the true temperature required. The 1LB value of nonionic surfactants varies depending on the emulsification temperature, but 14
-19, preferably 15-17. Among the above-mentioned nonionic surfactants, the surfactant described in (vi) showed overall excellent performance. Next, (i) and (iii)
) showed excellent performance. A mixture of two or more of these surfactants may be used.

Hydrophilic polymer substances derived from natural products (including microorganisms) are a group consisting of hydrophilic polymer substances or natural polymer derivatives derived from microorganisms, plants, or animals shown in (A) to (D) below. selected from. This hydrophilic polymer substance exhibits viscosity or gelling properties when dissolved or dispersed in water.

(A) Hydrophilic polymeric substances derived from microorganisms (polyvNs) (a
) Xanthan gum (b) Pullulan (C) Dextran (B) Hydrophilic polymeric substances derived from plants (class I!) (a)
Seaweed-derived (a) agar (b) carrageenan (c) farcerelan (d) alginic acid and its salts (Na, KI NH41C)
a, Mg) (b) Seed-derived (a) Locust bean gum (b) Guar gum (c) Tara gum (d) Tamarind gum (C) Tree (exudate) (a) Gum arabic (b) Gum karaya (c) Gum tragacanth ( d) Fruit-derived (a) Pectin (C) Animal-derived hydrophilic polymer substances (proteins) (a) Gelatin (b) Casein (D) Natural polymer derivatives (a) Cellulose derivatives (carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.) (b) ) The modified starch hydrophilic polymer substance is 0.0 parts per 100 parts of extra heavy oil.
It is better to use 0.03 to 1 part, preferably 0.01 to 0.1 part. If the amount added is large, the viscosity of the system will increase and it will also be economically disadvantageous, so it is preferable to exhibit the effect with as little amount as possible.

Among the above-mentioned hydrophilic polymer substances, xanthan gum (A) is particularly excellent, and shows excellent performance even when added in a small amount.

After producing ultra-heavy oil emulsion fuel, when transporting it by pipe or long distance by ship, the emulsion fuel must remain stable for at least one month, preferably three months or more, without thickening or separation. It is necessary. Extra-heavy oil emulsion fuel containing only the above surfactants and no hydrophilic polymer substances becomes very viscous within 2 to 3 weeks, forms hard sediments, and particles agglomerate. It may become larger or the oil may separate. When a hydrophilic polymer substance is added to such a system, an emulsion fuel becomes stable for one month or more to three months or more. In particular, when xanthan gum is used as a hydrophilic polymeric substance, an emulsion fuel that is stable for a long period of time can be obtained in a small amount.

The performance of nonionic surfactants is strongly affected by temperature, so systems that are emulsified at high temperatures will become less stable at lower temperatures.When emulsifying oils with extremely high viscosity, such as extra-heavy oils, Generally, it emulsifies at a temperature of 60°C or higher, and when it is stored, transported by ship, or transported through a pipe, it will be at the temperature of the area or season, so the temperature will be close to or below zero. When a hydrophilic polymer substance is added, the effect of imparting hydrophilicity is large, so it can compensate for the decrease in performance of the nonionic surfactant due to a decrease in temperature.

In the above nonionic surfactant-hydrophilic polymer substance system,
Furthermore, by adding an anionic surfactant, the ultra-heavy oil emulsion fuel becomes more stable for a longer period of time.

As the anionic surfactants, those listed in the following (I) to (VII) are representative of the present invention.

(I) A formalin condensate of a sulfonic acid or sulfonate of an aromatic ring compound such as naphthalene, alkylnaphthalene, alkylphenol, or alkylbenzene. However, the average degree of condensation of formalin is 1.2 to 100, preferably 2.
~20, the salts are lower amines such as ammonium, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, triethylamine, alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium.

(II) Lignosulfonic acid, lignosulfonic acid salts, derivatives thereof, formalin condensates of lignosulfonic acid and sulfonic acids of aromatic compounds such as naphthalene and alkylnaphthalene, and salts thereof. In any of the above cases, the salt is a lower amine such as ammonium, monoethanolamine, jetanolamine, triethanolamine, triethylamine, or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal such as sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium. The average degree of condensation of formalin is 1.2-50
, preferably 2-20. Among lignins, it is better to introduce modified lignins, for example, a small amount of carboxyl groups.
Shows excellent performance especially at high temperatures.

(I[) Polystyrene sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a copolymer of styrene sulfonic acid and another copolymerizable monomer, and a salt thereof. However, the molecular weight is 500 to 500,000, preferably 20
00-100,000, the salt is a lower amine such as ammonium, monoethanolamine, jetanolamine, triethanolamine, triethylamine, or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium. Representative examples of the copolymerizable monomer include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl acetate, acrylic ester, olefin, allyl alcohol and its ethylene oxide adduct, and AMPS.

(IV) Dicyclopentadiene sulfonic acid polymer or salt thereof. The molecular weight of the polymer is 500 to 500,000, preferably 2,000 to 100,000. Salts include ammonium, monoethanolamine, jetanolamine, triethanolamine,
They are lower amines such as triethylamine, alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium.

(V) Copolymers of maleic anhydride or/and itaconic anhydride and other copolymerizable monomers, and acids and salts thereof. however,
Molecular weight is 500 to 500,000, preferably 1500 to 10
Ten thousand. Salts are ammonium or alkali metals such as sodium and potassium. Copolymerizable monomers include olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, undecene, dodecene, tridecene, tetradecene,
pentadecene, hexadecene), styrene, vinyl acetate, acrylic esters, methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, etc.

(VI) Liquid polybutadiene maleide and its salt. However, the molecular weight of the liquid polybutadiene is 500 to 200,000, preferably 1,000 to 50,000, and the degree of maleation is only necessary for dissolving in water, but preferably 40 to 7.
It is 0%. Salts include ammonium or alkali metals such as sodium and potassium.

(VII) The following anionic surfactant having one or two hydrophilic groups in the molecule.

(a) & Sulfate ester salt of alcohol with prime number 4 to 18. However, as salts, ammonium, monoethanolamine, jetanolamine, triethanolamine,
These include lower amines such as triethylamine, and alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium.

Representative examples include sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium octyl sulfate.

(b) Alkanes, alkenes and/or alkylarylsulfonic acids or salts thereof having 4 to 18 carbon atoms. however,
Examples of salts include lower amines such as ammonium, monoethanolamine, jetanolamine, triethanolamine, and triethylamine, and alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium.

Representative examples include sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, sodium butylnaphthalenesulfonate, and sodium dodecanesulfonate.

(C) Sulfated or phosphoric acid esterified products of alkylene oxide adducts of compounds having one or more active hydrogen atoms in the molecule, and salts thereof. Salts include ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium.

Polyoxyethylene (3 mol) Sodium sulfate ester of nonylphenyl ether, polyoxyethylene (3 mol)
A typical example is the phosphate ester sodium salt of dodecyl ether (mol).

(d) Sulfosuccinates which are esters of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids having 4 to 22 carbon atoms. However, the salts are ammonium, sodium, and potassium. Typical examples include dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt or ammonium salt, and dibutyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt.

(e) Alkyldiphenyl ether disulfonic acid or a salt thereof, the alkyl group is an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and the salt is ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, or calcium.

(f) Rosin acid or its salt. Salts include ammonium, sodium, and potassium. This includes tall oil mixed acid, which is a mixed acid of rosin acid and higher fatty acids, and its salts.

((to) Alkane or alkene fatty acids having 4 to 18 carbon atoms and their salts. The salts are ammonium, potassium, and sodium.

Among the above anionic surfactants, lignosulfonates, formalin condensates of ligninsulfonic acid and naphthalenesulfonic acid, their salts, and naphthalenesulfonate formalin condensates have overall superior performance. showed that. The action of the anionic surfactant is to adsorb to the interface of particles of extra-heavy oil, help the particles become smaller, and at the same time impart a charge to the particles and prevent them from re-agglomerating. Nonionic surfactants are strongly influenced by temperature, but adding anionic surfactants weakens the influence of temperature and improves the storage stability of emulsions. In addition, the action of the hydrophilic polymer substance is added, and the storage stability is further improved.

Anionic surfactants alone can reduce the viscosity of the system, but storage stability is poor, and nonionic surfactants alone are strongly affected by temperature, resulting in increased viscosity over time, making it impossible to create emulsion fuels that are stable for long periods of time. . A stable emulsion fuel can be produced by using a nonionic surfactant and an anionic surfactant together. Weight ratio of anionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant showing excellent performance (anionic surfactant 7
FIJ/nonionic surfactant) from 2/98 to 75/25
, preferably 10/90 to 40/60. The amount of anionic surfactant added to 100 parts of Emulsigon fuel is preferably 0.005 to 2.2 parts, more preferably 0.
．． 06 to 0.61 parts. When the strong protective effect of hydrophilic polymer substances is added to the effects of anionic surfactants and nonionic surfactants, ultra-heavy oil emulsion fuel becomes a stable system with low viscosity for a long period of time.

The systems that use anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and hydrophilic polymer substances as well as the systems that use nonionic surfactants and hydrophilic polymer substances may be used pre-blended or used separately. You may do so. Further, although it may be added to either water or oil, it is easier to handle when added to water.

As the mechanical means for producing the emulsion fuel, any efficient stirring means may be used, or a combination of two or more methods may be used. In particular, a high shear type stirring device is preferred. For example, line mixer,
These include fletching turbine blades, Flobella blades, pull margin type paddle blades, etc.

The oils referred to as extra-heavy oils in the present invention include the following oils that do not flow unless heated to high temperatures.

(I) Petroleum-based asphalts and mixtures of their oils.

(2) Various processed products of petroleum-based asphalt, intermediate products thereof,
residues, and oil mixtures thereof.

(3) High pour point oil or crude oil that does not flow at high temperatures.

(4) Petroleum-based tar pitch and its oil mixture.

(5) Bitumens (orinocotar, athabascabitumen).

Generally, naphthenic asphalt is hexcrystalline in emulsification, and it is said that asphalt derived from paraffin base oil or mixed base oil is difficult to emulsify. In addition, naphthenes also sufficiently distill off volatile components, making it difficult to emulsify in asphalt with a high heavy fraction.

Although many recent asphalts have sufficiently distilled volatile components, the asphalt of the present invention is mainly targeted at asphalts for which it is difficult to produce a stable emulsion for a long period of time using conventional methods.

The oil of bitumens such as orinocotar is extracted using methods such as steam injection. In this step, the above-mentioned anionic surfactant-nonionic surfactant-hydrophilic polymer substance or nonionic surfactant-hydrophilic polymer substance can be used, and after extraction, sand and other solid particles may be removed. , after desalination, it may be used to produce emulsion fuel.

〔Example〕

Examples of the present invention are shown below, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

Examples Middle East petroleum-based asphalt (penetration 60-80) or Athabasca bitumen (softening temperature 12.5°C).

(produced in Canada), water, surfactant, and hydrophilic polymer substance in a total of 300 g, put them into an 80 Otnl centrifuge tube, and heat them to 75°C. After reaching a certain temperature, use the TK homo mixer (low viscosity stirring blade material) made by Tokushu Kikako.
Stir by stirring to prepare emulsion fuel and keep warm at 60°C. After reaching a certain temperature, the viscosity was measured. A portion of the emulsion fuel was kept at 50°C and its condition was observed after 1 day, 7 days, 21 days, 1 month, and 3 months. A portion was taken out and the amount passing through a 100 mesh sieve was measured. did. The viscosity was measured using a Vismetron vS-AI model manufactured by Shibaura System ■, Nn 2 + rotor 6 Orpm, and the amount of the sample passing through the sieve was measured by placing about 10 g of the sample on a 100 mesh stainless steel sieve with a diameter of 70 mm in an atmosphere of 50"C, and after 10 minutes. The amount remaining on the sieve was calculated.

The results are shown in Tables 1 and 2.

The comprehensive evaluation was made by comprehensively evaluating the viscosity of the emulsion, the amount of the emulsion passing through the sieve, and the visual observation of the dispersion state after the emulsion was left to stand.

The results are good in the order of ◎〉○〉Δ〉×, and those with Δ or higher are systems in which the effect can be recognized.

However, the dispersion state after standing is determined by observing the conditions of the three layers, surface layer 1, intermediate layer 2, and sediment layer 3, as shown in Figure 1, and dividing them into the surface layer, intermediate layer, and sediment layer. evaluated.

In the surface layer 1, the size of the oil droplets on the surface and the thickness (
The size of the oil film formed was observed. The dispersion state is favorable in the following order: no oil droplets, small amount of oil droplets, small amount of oil film, and large amount of oil film.

In the intermediate layer 2, the emulsification state was observed.

The emulsification state was good in the following order: good emulsification, slightly creamy, creamy, separation, high degree of separation, and complete separation.

In Sedimentation Layer 3, the order of preference is no sediment, soft sediment, and hard sediment. A soft sediment is a sediment that is soft and easy to redisperse, and a hard sediment is a sediment that is hard and difficult to redisperse.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a centrifuge tube used to evaluate the dispersion state after standing. 1: Surface layer 2: Intermediate layer 3: Sedimentation layer Applicant Kaoru Furuya Figure 1

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1 100 parts by weight of extra heavy oil, 30 to 80 parts by weight of water, and a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value of 14 to 19 selected from the group shown in (i) to (vii) below. 0.05 to 4 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant, and the following (A) to (D)
0.003 to 1 part by weight of a hydrophilic polymeric substance derived from a natural product (including microorganisms) selected from the group consisting of hydrophilic polymeric substances derived from microorganisms, plants, or animals, or natural polymer derivatives shown in Super heavy oil emulsion fuel consisting of. <Nonionic surfactant with HLB 14 to 19> (i) Alkylene oxide adduct of a compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group such as phenol, cresol, butylphenol, nonylphenol, dinonylphenol, dodecylphenol, paracumylphenol, bisphenol A, etc. However, alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/
and propylene oxide, butylene oxide, and styrene oxide. (ii) Alkylene oxide adducts of formalin condensates of compounds having phenolic hydroxyl groups, such as alkylphenols, phenols, metacresols, styrenated phenols, and benzylated phenols. The average degree of condensation is 1.
2 to 100, the alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/and propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide. (iii) Alkylene oxide adducts of monovalent aliphatic alcohols and/or aliphatic amines having 2 to 50 carbon atoms. Alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/and propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide. (iv) ethylene oxide and propylene oxide or/
and block or random addition polymers of butylene oxide and styrene oxide. (v) Glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sucrose, polyglycerin,
Polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, or these polyhydric alcohols and carbon atoms 8 to 1
Alkylene oxide adduct of ester with fatty acid of No. 8. Alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/and propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide. (vi) ethylenediamine, tetraethylenediamine,
An alkylene oxide adduct of a polyvalent amine having multiple active hydrogens such as polyethyleneimine (molecular weight 600 to 10,000). Alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/
and propylene oxide, butylene oxide, and styrene oxide. (vii) 1 mol of triglyceride type fat, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol,
Sorbitol, sucrose, ethylene glycol, molecular weight 10
Alkylene oxide is added to a mixture with 0.1 to 5 moles of water and/or one or more polyhydric alcohols selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 0.00 or less, propylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol with a molecular weight of 1000 or less. Product of addition reaction. Alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/and propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide. <Hydrophilic polymeric substances derived from natural products> (A) Hydrophilic polymeric substances derived from microorganisms (polysaccharides) (a) Xanthan gum (b) Pullulan (c) Dextran (B) Hydrophilic polymeric substances derived from plants (Polysaccharide) (a) Derived from seaweed (a) Agar (b) Carrageenan (c) Farcelleran (d) Alginic acid and its salts (Na, K, NH_4, Ca
, Mg) (b) Seed-derived (a) Locust bean gum (b) Guar gum (c) Tara gum (d) Tamarind gum (c) Tree (exudate) (a) Gum arabic (b) Gum karaya (c) Gum tragacanth (d) ) Fruit-derived (a) Pectin (C) Animal-derived hydrophilic polymer substances (proteins) (a) Gelatin (b) Casein (D) Natural polymer derivatives (a) Cellulose derivatives (carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.) (b) Processed starch 2 In addition to the nonionic surfactant according to claim 1 and the hydrophilic polymer substance derived from natural products, the following (I) ~
A super-heavy oil emulsion fuel obtained by adding 0.005 to 4 parts of an anionic surfactant selected from the group represented by (VII) to 100 parts by weight of super-heavy oil. (I) Formalin condensates of sulfonic acids or sulfonates of aromatic ring compounds such as naphthalene, alkylnaphthalenes, alkylphenols, and alkylbenzenes. However, the average degree of condensation of formalin is 1.2 to 100, and salts include lower amines such as ammonium, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and triethylamine, and alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium. It is a kind. (II) Lignosulfonic acid, lignosulfonic acid salts, derivatives thereof, formalin condensates of ligninsulfonic acid and sulfonic acids of aromatic compounds such as naphthalene and alkylnaphthalene, and salts thereof. In any of the above cases, salts include ammonium, lower amines such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, triethylamine, sodium, potassium, calcium,
Alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as magnesium. The average degree of condensation of formalin is 1.2-50. (III) Polystyrene sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a copolymer of styrene sulfonic acid and another copolymerizable monomer, and a salt thereof. However, the molecular weight is 500,000 to 500,000, and the salt is a lower amine such as ammonium, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, or triethylamine, or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal such as sodium, potassium, calcium, or magnesium. (IV) Dicyclopentadiene sulfonic acid polymer or its salt, the molecular weight of the polymer is 500 to 500,000, salts include ammonium, lower amines such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, triethylamine, sodium, potassium, calcium, Alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as magnesium. (V) Copolymers of maleic anhydride or/and itaconic anhydride and other copolymerizable monomers, and acids and salts thereof. However, the molecular weight is from 500 to 500,000, and the salt is ammonium or an alkali metal such as sodium or potassium. (VI) Maleated liquid polybutadiene and its salt. However, the molecular weight of liquid polybutadiene is 500 to 200,000,
Salts include ammonium or alkali metals such as sodium and potassium. (VII) The following anionic surfactant having one or two hydrophilic groups in the molecule. (a) Sulfate ester salt of alcohol having 4 to 18 carbon atoms. However, the salts include lower amines such as ammonium, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and triethylamine, and alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium. (b) Alkane, alkene or/and alkylarylsulfonic acid having 4 to 18 carbon atoms or a salt thereof. However, the salts include lower amines such as ammonium, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, and triethylamine, and alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium. (c) Sulfated or phosphoric acid esterified products of alkylene oxide adducts of compounds having one or more active hydrogen atoms in the molecule, and salts thereof. Salts include ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium or calcium. (d) A sulfosuccinate which is an ester of a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, provided that the salt is ammonium, sodium or potassium. (e) Alkyldiphenyl ether disulfonic acid or a salt thereof, the alkyl group is an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and the salt is ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium or calcium. (f) Rosin acid or its salt. Ammonium as a salt,
This includes tall oil mixed acids, which are sodium or potassium mixed acids of rosin acid and higher fatty acids, and their salts. (g) Alkane or alkene fatty acids having 4 to 18 carbon atoms and salts thereof, the salts being ammonium, potassium or sodium. 3. Claim 1 or 2, wherein the hydrophilic polymer substance derived from a natural product is xanthan gum, and the amount added is 0.01 to 0.1 part by weight per 100 parts by weight of the emulsion fuel.
Very heavy oil emulsion fuel as described. 4. The super heavy oil emulsion fuel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nonionic surfactant has an HLB of 15 to 17. 5. The super heavy oil emulsion fuel according to claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of anionic surfactant/nonionic surfactant is 10/90 to 40/60. 6. The extra-heavy oil emulsion fuel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nonionic surfactant is (vii) according to claim 1. 7. The extra-heavy oil emulsion fuel according to claim 2, wherein the anionic surfactant is (I) or/and (II) according to claim 2. 8 The anionic surfactant is (I) or/and (II) according to claim 2, the nonionic surfactant is (i) or/and (vii) or (iii) according to claim 1, and the natural 3. The ultra-heavy oil emulsion fuel according to claim 2, wherein the hydrophilic polymer substance derived from xanthan gum is xanthan gum. 9 The amount of water added is 33 to 100 parts by weight of extra heavy oil.
The extra-heavy oil emulsion fuel according to claim 1 or 2, which contains 50 parts by weight. 10 The nonionic surfactant is (vii) according to claim 1.
or (i) or (iii), and the hydrophilic polymer substance derived from a natural product is xanthan gum.
Very heavy oil emulsion fuel as described.