JPH0657268A - Ultraheavy oil emulsion fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain an O/W ultraheavy oil emulsion which has a low viscosity and a long term stability. CONSTITUTION:An ultraheavy oil emulsion is prepd. by emulsifying a mixture comprising 100 pts.wt. ultraheavy oil, 25-80 pts.wt. water, and 0.02-5 pts.wt. nonionic surfactant which is selected from the group consisting of an alkylene oxide adduct of or an alkylene oxide polymer mono- or/and diesterified with a tall oil fatty acid, a tall rosin acid, gum rosin, wood rosin, and their mixtures or selected from the group consisting of an alkylene oxide adduct of or an alkylene oxide polymer mono- or/and diesterified with an arom. cyclic compd. having at least one carboxyl group and derived from petroleum or coal. The emulsion may further contain an anionic surfactant in an amt. of 0.2--300 pts.wt. based on 100 pts.wt. the nonionic surfactant or/and a hydrophilic high-molecular substance in an amt. of 0.01-1 pt.wt. based on 100 pts.wt. the oil.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

FIELD OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to ultra heavy oil emulsion fuels.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Petroleum,
As fossil fuel resources not included in coal and LNG, oil sands, bitumens (Orinocotal, Athabasca bitumen), etc., are of great interest because of their large reserves. Also, in petroleum-based products, a large amount of asphalt or its heat-treatment residues, excluding distillate distillate such as naphtha, remains. These extra heavy oils are usually vacuum distillation residues
It is an oily substance containing about 60 to 70% or more of a heavy fraction at 420 to 450 ° C or more, and does not flow as it is or has a high viscosity of tens of thousands centipoise or more. Therefore, when it is used as fuel, it has problems such as handling and atomization unless it is heated to a high temperature of 280 to 300 ° C, and it is easy to cause problems such as clogging of pipes.

Conventionally, a super-heavy oil (O) is treated with water by using a surfactant.
An oil-in-water (O / W) emulsion fuel of super heavy oil emulsified in (W) has been proposed. Emulsion fuel has a viscosity that is relatively close to that of water, is capable of sufficient atomization at temperatures between room temperature and 90 ° C, and is a fuel that is very easy to handle. O / W
In type emulsion fuel, the lower the content of W (water),
That is, the higher the content of O (oil), the more preferable as a fuel, and the less the fuel loss. In order for emulsion fuels to be handled like ordinary liquid fuel oils, they must have long-term stability that can withstand transportation and storage. However, an emulsion fuel obtained by emulsifying an ultra-heavy oil that has a very high heavy fraction and does not flow or has a high viscosity of tens of thousands centipoise or higher is desired to be further improved in terms of long-term stability.

[0004]

[Means for Solving the Problems] As a result of various studies, the present inventors have found that by using a specific nonionic surfactant as a surfactant, an O / W type super heavy substance having a low viscosity and stable for a long period of time can be obtained. It has been found that an oil emulsion is obtained.

That is, the present invention uses 100 parts by weight of super heavy oil and 25 parts of water.
~ 80 parts by weight, (a) tall oil fatty acid, tall rosin acid,
Aromatic ring compounds having one or more carboxyl groups in the molecule derived from gum rosin, wood rosin and mixtures thereof with alkylene oxide adducts or alkylene oxide polymers and (b) petroleum or coal as raw materials. Nonionic surfactants selected from the alkylene oxide adduct of (1) and / or monoester and / or diester of alkylene oxide polymer 0.02
The present invention relates to an ultra heavy oil emulsion fuel obtained by mixing and emulsifying 5 to 5 parts by weight.

It is preferable to use efficient mechanical means for producing the composition.

Next, the nonionic surfactants (a) and (b) used in the present invention will be described in more detail.

(A) tall oil fatty acid, tall rosin acid,
Mono- and / or di-esterified products of gum rosin, wood rosin and mixtures thereof with alkylene oxide adducts or alkylene oxide polymers.

Tall oil fatty acids and tall rosin made from raw materials such as logs are produced, for example, by the following processes. Chips made from raw wood with a chipper, NaOH,
Digest in a digester containing Na ₂ S and remove pulp with a filter. The pulp-free filtrate is stored, the black liquor separated is removed, and sulfuric acid is added. After removing the produced Glauber's salt solution, washing with warm water and dehydration with a centrifuge give crude tall oil. After removing the pitch, the crude tall oil fatty acid is obtained by topping, and the tall oil rosin is obtained from the distillation residue.
The nonionic surfactant of the present invention is produced from the above crude tall oil fatty acid, purified tall oil fatty acid, rosin alone or a mixture thereof by adding alkylene oxide or by esterification reaction with alkylene oxide polymer. To be done. Polymers of diesters and alkylene oxides are also included in the reaction product. The HLB (hydrophilic / lipophilic balance) of these nonionic surfactants is 11 to 19, preferably 14 to 19.

In addition to tall rosin, rosin is cut directly from pine trees to collect raw pine resin, and then gum rosin and pine root obtained by distilling turpentine oil from the raw pine resin are chipped, and the rosin component is extracted with a solvent, There is rod rosin obtained by distilling the solvent from this solution. Table 1 shows typical compositions of these three types.

[0011]

[Table 1]

The alkylene oxides to be added are ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide and styrene oxide. The number of moles added is not particularly limited, but it should be controlled so that HLB falls within a preferable range.

(B) A mono- and / or di-esterified product of an alkylene oxide adduct of an aromatic ring compound having one or more carboxyl groups in the molecule derived from petroleum or coal and an alkylene oxide polymer.

The aromatic ring compound having at least one carboxyl group in the molecule derived from petroleum or coal refers to all compounds containing a carboxyl group produced by distillation or decomposition of petroleum or coal. . Examples thereof include those having one or more carboxyl groups on each ring such as a benzene ring, naphthalene ring, and anthracene ring, and those containing an alkyl group, an aromatic ring, or a functional group on these rings. The nonionic surfactant of the present invention uses, as a raw material, an aromatic ring compound having the above-mentioned carboxyl group in the molecule,
It is formed by addition of alkylene oxide or esterification reaction of alkylene oxide with a polymer. The HLB of the nonionic surfactant of the present invention is 11 to 19, preferably 14 to 19. Alkylene oxides are ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide.

In carrying out the present invention, the stability can be further improved by mixing and using the anionic surfactant with the nonionic surfactant of (a) and / or (b). . Preferred anionic surfactants include those shown in the following (i) to (vii).

(I) naphthalene, alkylnaphthalene,
A sulfonate or a formalin condensate of a sulfonate of an aromatic ring compound such as alkylphenol or alkylbenzene. However, the average condensation of formalin is 1.2 to 100, preferably 2 to 20. The salts are lower amines such as ammonium, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and triethylamine, and alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium.

(Ii) Lignin sulfonic acid, lignin sulfonate, its derivatives, formalin condensates of lignin sulfonic acid and sulfonic acids of aromatic compounds such as naphthalene and alkylnaphthalene, and salts thereof. As the salt in any of the above cases, ammonium, monoethanolamine,
Lower amines such as ditanolamine, triethanamine, and triethylamine, and alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. The average degree of condensation of formalin is 1.2 to 50, preferably 2 to 20. Among the lignin, denatured lignin,
For example, when a small amount of a carboxyl group is introduced, excellent performance is exhibited especially at high temperatures.

(Iii) Polystyrene sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a copolymer of styrene sulfonic acid and another copolymerizable monomer, and a salt thereof. However, the molecular weight is 500 to 500,000, preferably 2000 to 100,000. Salts are lower amines such as ammonium, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and triethylamine, sodium,
It is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal such as potassium, calcium or magnesium. Examples of the copolymerizable monomer include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, vinyl acetate,
Typical examples thereof are acrylic acid ester, olefin, allyl alcohol and its ethylene oxide adduct, AMPS and the like.

(Iv) Dicyclopentadienesulfonic acid polymer or a salt thereof. The molecular weight of the polymer is 500 to 500,000, preferably 2000 to 100,000. Salts are ammonium, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine,
Lower amines such as triethylamine, alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium.

(V) A copolymer of maleic anhydride or / and itaconic anhydride with another copolymerizable monomer, and an acid or salt thereof. However, the molecular weight is 500 to 500,000, preferably 1500 to 100
In many cases. Salts are ammonium and alkali metals such as sodium and potassium. As the copolymerizable monomer, olefins (ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentene, hexene, heptene, octene, nonene, decene, undecene, dodecene, tridecene, tetradecene, pentadecene, hexadecene), styrene, vinyl acetate, acrylic ester, methacryl Acid, acrylic acid, etc.

(Vi) Maleates of liquid polybutadiene and salts thereof. However, the molecular weight of liquid polybutadiene is 500
.About.200,000, preferably 1,000 to 50,000, and the degree of maleation is only required to be dissolved in water, but is preferably 40 to 70%. Examples of the salt include ammonium and alkali metals such as sodium and potassium.

(Vii) The following anionic surfactants having one or two hydrophilic groups in the molecule. (a) Sulfate ester salt of an alcohol having 4 to 18 carbon atoms. However, examples of the salt include lower amines such as ammonium, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and triethylamine, and alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium. Sodium dodecyl sulfate,
A typical example thereof is sodium octyl sulfate.

(B) Alkanes, alkenes and / or alkylaryl sulfonic acids having 4 to 18 carbon atoms or salts thereof. However, examples of the salt include lower amines such as ammonium, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and triethylamine, and alkali metals or alkaline earth metals such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium. Typical examples are sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium butylnaphthalene sulfonate, and sodium dodecane sulfonate.

(C) Sulfates or phosphates of alkylene oxide adducts of compounds having one or more active hydrogens in the molecule, and salts thereof. Salts include ammonium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium. Representative examples thereof include sulfuric acid ester sodium salt of polyoxyethylene (3 mol) nonylphenyl ether and phosphoric acid ester sodium salt of polyoxyethylene (3 mol) dodecyl ether.

(D) A sulfosuccinate which is an ester of a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 4 to 22 carbon atoms. However, the salt is ammonium, sodium or potassium. Typical examples thereof are dioctylsulfosuccinic acid sodium salt, ammonium salt, dibutylsulfosuccinic acid sodium salt and the like.

(E) Alkyl diphenyl ether disulfonic acid or a salt thereof. The alkyl group is an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and salts are ammonium, sodium, potassium,
Magnesium or calcium.

(F) Rosin acid or a salt thereof. The salt is ammonium, sodium or potassium. Tall oil mixed acid, which is a mixed acid of rosin acid and higher fatty acid, and its salt are also included in this.

(G) Alkane or alkene fatty acid having 4 to 18 carbon atoms and salts thereof. The salt is ammonium, potassium or sodium.

(H) α-Sulfo fatty acid ester salt or its derivative.

Among the above anionic surfactants, in particular,
The lignin sulfonate, the formalin condensate of lignin sulfonic acid and naphthalene sulfonic acid, their salts, and the naphthalene sulfonate formalin condensate generally showed excellent performance among them. The action of the anionic surfactant is to adsorb at the interface of the particles of the superheavy oil, helping the particles to become smaller, while at the same time imparting a charge to the particles and preventing reaggregation of the particles. Nonionic surfactants are strongly affected by temperature, but the addition of anionic surfactants weakens the effect of temperature and improves the storage stability of emulsions. Further, the action of the hydrophilic polymer substance is added, and the storage stability is further improved.

The anionic surfactant alone lowers the viscosity of the system, but the storage stability is poor, and the nonionic surfactant alone is strongly affected by temperature, so it thickens with time and is stable for a long time. Emulsion fuel is not possible. When a nonionic surfactant and an anionic surfactant are used in combination, a stable emulsion fuel can be obtained. The addition amount of the anionic surfactant exhibiting excellent performance is 0.5 to 300 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the nonionic surfactant.

In the practice of the present invention, if a hydrophilic polymer substance is further added to the super heavy oil emulsion, the super heavy oil emulsion fuel can be stabilized for a longer period of time due to its strong protective action. Examples of such hydrophilic polymer substances include the following.

<Hydrophilic polymer substance derived from natural product> The hydrophilic polymer substance derived from a natural product (including a microorganism) is
It is selected from the group consisting of microorganism-derived, plant-derived or animal-derived hydrophilic polymer substances or natural polymer derivatives represented by the following (A) to (D). This hydrophilic polymer substance exhibits a viscous or gelling property when dissolved or dispersed in water.

(A) Microorganism-derived hydrophilic polymer substance (polysaccharide) (a) Xanthan gum (b) Plan (c) Dextran (B) Plant-derived hydrophilic polymer substance (polysaccharide) (a) Seaweed-derived (A) Agar (b) Carrageenan (c) Farceleran (d) Alginic acid and its salts (Na, K, NH ₄ , Ca, Mg) (b) Seed derived (a) Locust bean gum (b) Guar gum (c) Taragum (D) Tamarind gum (c) Tree (exudate) (a) Gum arabic (b) Karaya gum (c) Tragacanth gum (d) Fruit origin (a) Pectin (c) Animal-derived hydrophilic polymer (protein) ( (A) Gelatin (b) Casein (D) Natural polymer derivative (b) Cellulose derivative (carboxymethyl cellulose etc.) (b) Modified starch Among the above hydrophilic polymer substances, (A) xanthan gum is particularly excellent. , Shows excellent performance with a small amount of addition.

<Water-soluble synthetic polymer> (a) A homopolymer of acrylic acid and its derivative represented by the following formula, and a copolymer with another monomer.

[0036]

[Chemical 1]

However, R ': H, a methyl group or an ethyl group M ₁ : H, Na, K, Li, NH ₄

[0038]

[Chemical 2]

A divalent group derived from its salt (NH ₄ , Na, K, Li), for example, (anhydrous) maleic acid, (anhydrous) itaconic acid, α-olefin, acrylamide, vinyl sulfonic acid, Allylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid, acrylamidomethylpropylsulfonic acid or its salts (NH
₄ , Na, K), dialkyl (methyl or ethyl) ethylaminomethacrylate and salts thereof (chlorine, diethylsulfate, dimethylsulfate). n: 50 to 100,000.

(B) Homopolymers of acrylamide and its derivatives represented by the following formula, and copolymers with other copolymerizable monomers.

[0041]

[Chemical 3]

However, R ": H, C ₂ H ₄ OH

[0043]

[Chemical 4]

Is a divalent group derived from its salt (NH ₄ , Na, K, Li), such as vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, methallyl sulfonic acid, acrylamidomethylpropyl sulfonic acid, dialkyl (methyl or Ethyl) ethylaminomethacrylate and salts thereof (chlorine, dimethylsulfate, diethylsulfate, etc.), styrene, α-olefin (C ₂ -C ₁₈ ), vinylallyl alcohol. n: 50-100,00
0.

(C) A homopolymer of maleic anhydride or itaconic anhydride, and a copolymer represented by the following formula.

[0046]

[Chemical 5]

However, M ₂ : maleic anhydride or itaconic anhydride residue Z ₃ : α-olefin (ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene, octene, decene, dodecene, etc.) or styrene residue n: 50 to 100,000.

(D) A homopolymer of vinyl alcohol and a copolymer represented by the following formula.

[0049]

[Chemical 6]

However, Z ₄ : vinyl acetate or styrene residue n ′: 30 to 100,000.

(E) A homopolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and a copolymer represented by the following formula.

[0052]

[Chemical 7]

However, Z ₅ : a divalent group derived from a monomer copolymerizable with vinylpyrrolidone or a salt thereof (NH ₄ , Na, K, Li), for example, acrylamide, vinylsulfonic acid, methallylsulfonic acid , Maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, styrene,
α-Olefin (C ₂ -C ₁₈ ), etc. n: 50 to 100,000.

(F) Polyalkylene oxide having a molecular weight of 10,000 to 5,000,000 (provided that ethylene oxide is 95% or more). 5%
The following block polymers of propylene oxide, butylene oxide and styrene oxide, and those having alkylallyl or alkyl groups in the molecule are also included.

After producing the super heavy oil emulsion fuel,
In the case of pipe transportation and further long-distance transportation by ship, it is necessary that the emulsion fuel is stable and does not thicken or separate for at least one month, preferably three months or more. In the super heavy oil emulsion fuel containing only the above-mentioned surfactant and no hydrophilic polymer substance, the viscosity becomes very high within 2 to 3 weeks, a hard sediment is formed, or particles are aggregated. It may grow or oil may separate. When a hydrophilic polymer substance is added to such a system, it becomes a stable emulsion fuel for 1 month or more to 3 months or more.

Since the performance of the nonionic surfactant is strongly influenced by temperature, the stability of the emulsion emulsified at a high temperature becomes poor at a low temperature. When emulsifying very viscous oil such as super heavy oil, it is common to emulsify at 60 ° C or higher, and when storing, shipping, or pipe transporting the land or season. Since the temperature becomes, the temperature may be close to zero degree or lower. Since adding a hydrophilic polymer substance has a great effect of imparting hydrophilicity,
It is possible to compensate for the decrease in performance due to the temperature decrease of the nonionic surfactant.

The hydrophilic polymer is preferably used in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1 part with respect to 100 parts of super heavy oil. If the amount added is large, the viscosity of the system will be high and it will be economically disadvantageous. Therefore, it is preferable to exert the effect in the smallest possible amount.

The anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, hydrophilic polymer substance three-use system and nonionic surfactant, hydrophilic polymer substance two-use system should be pre-blended. May be used or may be used separately. Further, it may be added to either water or oil, but it is easier to handle when added to water.

As the mechanical means for producing the emulsion fuel, any efficient stirring means may be used, or a combination of two or more methods may be used. In particular, a high shear type stirring device is preferable. For example, a line mixer, an arrow blade turbine blade, a propeller blade, a bull margin blade, a paddle blade, and the like.

The oils called super heavy oils in the present invention include the following oils that do not flow unless heated to a high temperature. (1) A mixture of petroleum-based asphalt and its oil. (2) Various processed products of petroleum-based asphalt, intermediate products, residues, and oil mixtures thereof. (3) High pour point oil or crude oil that does not flow at high temperatures. (4) Petroleum tar pitch and its oil mixture. (5) Bitumens (Orinoco tar, Athabasca bitumen).

It is generally said that naphthenic asphalt is easy to emulsify, and asphalt derived from paraffinic base oil or mixed base oil is difficult to emulsify. In addition, naphthenic compounds sufficiently distill off volatile components, making it difficult to emulsify asphalt having a high heavy fraction. Although many of the recent asphalts are those in which the volatile components have been sufficiently distilled off, the asphalt of the present invention is mainly targeted at asphalts for which it is difficult to produce a long-term stable emulsion by the conventional method.

Bitumens such as orinocotar extract oil by a steam injection method or the like. In this step, the above-mentioned anionic surfactant-nonionic surfactant-hydrophilic polymer substance or nonionic surfactant-hydrophilic polymer substance can be used, and after extraction, sand or other solid particles. After removing or desalting, it may be used to produce an emulsion fuel.

The super heavy oil is limited to those having a volatile content of 12% or less at 340 ° C. Therefore, the molecular weight is higher than that of common oil components, for example, asphaltene (MW 1500-250).
Examples thereof include resin components (aromatics), oil components, and the like, and include, for example, polycyclic aromatic rings and alkyl chains added as shown below.

[0064]

[Chemical 8]

Therefore, the surfactants having a polycyclic aromatic ring and those having an alkyl chain have a structure similar to that of oil, and thus have a good affinity and an excellent performance as an emulsifier.

[0066]

EXAMPLES Examples of the present invention will be shown below, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.

Example 1 Middle East petroleum-based asphalt (penetration of 60 to 80) or Athabasca bitumen (softening temperature 12.5 ° C., produced in Canada), water, and a surfactant were weighed in predetermined amounts so as to be 300 g in total, 8
Place in a 00 ml centrifuge tube and heat to 75 ° C. After reaching a certain temperature, the emulsion fuel is prepared by stirring with a TK homomixer (with low-viscosity stirring blade) manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kako, and kept at 60 ° C. After reaching a certain temperature, the viscosity was measured. Viscosity VS-Al type manufactured by Shibaura System Co., Ltd., No.2,
Measured at a rotor of 60 rpm. Part of emulsion fuel
The sample was kept at 50 ° C. for 1 day, 3 days, and 9 days, and 1 part was taken out and the amount passed through a 100-mesh sieve was measured. The passing amount of the sieve is 100 ℃ of φ70mm in the atmosphere of 50 ℃.
About 10 g of the sample was placed on the mesh stainless steel sieve, and the remaining amount of the sieve after 10 minutes was measured and calculated. The results of using petroleum-based asphalt are shown in Tables 2 to 6, and the results of using Athabasca bitumen are shown in Tables 7 and 8. The comprehensive evaluation was conducted by comprehensively observing the viscosity of the emulsion, the amount passed through the sieve, and the macroscopic observation of the dispersed state after 9 days of leaving the emulsion. Good in order of ○>△> ×. The system from × to Δ or more is a system in which the effect is recognized.

However, the dispersion state after standing was observed by observing the three layers of the surface layer 1, the intermediate layer 2 and the sedimentation layer 3 as shown in FIG. It was divided and evaluated. In the surface layer 1, the size of the oil droplet on the surface and the size of the oil film that increased were observed. The dispersed state is good in the order of no oil drops> small amount of oil drops> small amount of oil film> large amount of oil film. In the mid layer 2, good and bad emulsified state was observed. The emulsified state is good in the order of good emulsification> slightly creamy>creamy> separated state> large degree of separation> complete separation. No sediment in the sedimentation layer 3> Soft sediment>
The order of hard sediments is good. A soft sediment is a sediment that is soft and easy to redisperse, and a hard sediment is a sediment that is hard and difficult to redisperse.

[0069]

[Table 2]

[0070]

[Table 3]

[0071]

[Table 4]

[0072]

[Table 5]

[0073]

[Table 6]

[0074]

[Table 7]

[0075]

[Table 8]

Example 2 Middle East petroleum-based asphalt (penetration: 60 to 80) or Athabasca bitumen (softening temperature 12.5 ° C., produced in Canada), water, a surfactant, and a hydrophilic polymer substance were adjusted to a total of 300 g. Weigh a fixed amount, put it in an 800 ml centrifuge tube, and heat to 75 ° C. After reaching a certain temperature, the emulsion fuel is prepared by stirring with a TK homomixer (with low-viscosity stirring blade) manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kako, and kept at 60 ° C. After reaching a certain temperature, the viscosity was measured. A part of the emulsion fuel was kept warm at 50 ° C., and the state was observed after 1 day, 9 days, and 6 months. A part of the emulsion fuel was taken out and the passing amount through a 100-mesh sieve was measured. Viscosity VS-Al type manufactured by Shibaura System Co., Ltd., No.
2. The rotor was measured at 60 rpm, and the amount of passing through the sieve was calculated by placing about 10 g of the sample on a 100 mesh stainless steel sieve having a diameter of 70 mm in an atmosphere of 50 ° C. and calculating the remaining amount of the sieve after 10 minutes. The results are shown in Table 9 to Table 11.
It was shown to. In addition, the comprehensive evaluation was conducted by comprehensively observing the viscosity of the emulsion, the amount passed through the sieve, and the macroscopic observation of the dispersed state after the emulsion was left for 6 months. Good in order of ○ ＞ △ ＞ ×, and × ～ △
The above is the system in which the effect is recognized for the time being.

However, the dispersed state after standing was observed by observing the three layers of the surface layer 1, the intermediate layer 2 and the sedimentation layer 3 as shown in FIG. It was divided and evaluated. In the surface layer 1, the size of the oil droplet on the surface and the size of the oil film that increased were observed. The dispersed state is good in the order of no oil drops> small amount of oil drops> small amount of oil film> large amount of oil film. In the mid layer 2, good and bad emulsified state was observed. The emulsified state is good in the order of good emulsification> creamy state> separated state> large degree of separation> complete separation. In the sedimentation layer 3, the order of no sediment> soft sediment> hard sediment is good. A soft sediment is a sediment that is soft and easy to redisperse, and a hard sediment is a sediment that is hard and difficult to redisperse.

[0078]

[Table 9]

[0079]

[Table 10]

[0080]

[Table 11]

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a centrifuge tube used for evaluation of a dispersed state after standing in an example.

[Explanation of symbols] 1 surface layer 2 intermediate layer 3 precipitation layer

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Akio Kai 5-717-1, Fukahori-cho, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki Sanryo Heavy Industries Ltd. Nagasaki Research Institute

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. Super heavy oil 100 parts by weight, water 25 to 80 parts by weight,
An ultra-heavy oil emulsion fuel obtained by mixing and emulsifying 0.02 to 5 parts by weight of a nonionic surfactant selected from the groups shown in (a) and (b) below. (A) tall oil fatty acid, tall rosin acid, gum rosin,
Mono- or / and alkylene oxide adducts of wood rosins and their mixtures with alkylene oxide polymers
And diesters. (B) A mono- and / or di-esterified product of an alkylene oxide adduct of an aromatic ring compound having one or more carboxyl groups in the molecule derived from petroleum or coal and an alkylene oxide polymer. 2. The super heavy oil emulsion fuel according to claim 1, wherein 0.5 to 300 parts by weight of an anionic surfactant is mixed with 100 parts by weight of the nonionic surfactant. 3. The hydrophilic polymer substance is contained in an amount of 0.01 to 1 part by weight per 100 parts by weight of the super heavy oil emulsion fuel.
Alternatively, the super heavy oil emulsion fuel described in 2 above.