JPH0397787A - Super-heavy oil emulsion fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the subject low-viscosity O/W type emulsion fuel stable for a long period by mixing a super-heavy oil with water, cationic, ampholytic and nonionic surfactants at a specified ratio and emulsifying the resultant mixture. CONSTITUTION:The objective fuel, containing (A) 100 pts.wt. super-heavy oil, (B) 30-80 pts.wt. water, (C) 0.005-4 pts.wt. (i) cationic surfactant composed of (i) an alkyl or/and alkenylamine salt, a quaternary ammonium salt, an alkylbetaine, an alkylamine oxide, an alkylalanine, a polyamiet and a polyamine salt and/or (ii) an imidazoline type or sulfobetaine type ampholytic surfactant and (D) a nonionic surfactant, having 9-19 (preferably 12-17) HLB and composed of an alkylene oxide adduct, etc., of a compound (condensate thereof with formalin) having phenolic hydroxyl group and obtained by mixing the components at a ratio so as to provide (1:99)-(75:25) [preferably (10:90)-(40:60)] ratio of the components (C):(D) and emulsifying the resultant mixture.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] The present invention relates to extra-heavy oil emulsigone fuel.

[Problems to be solved by conventional techniques and inventions] Petroleum,
Oil sands, bitumen, and other fossil fuel resources that are not included in coal and LNG are attracting a lot of attention because of their large reserves.

Furthermore, even in petroleum systems, there is a large surplus of asphalt or its heat treatment residues, excluding distillate oils such as naphtha. These extra-heavy oils are usually vacuum distillation residues of 420~
It is an oily substance containing about 60 to 70% or more of a heavy fraction of 450'C or more, and either does not flow as it is or has a high viscosity of tens of thousands of centiboids or more. Therefore, in order to use it as a fuel, it must be heated to a high temperature of 280 to 300'C, otherwise there are problems with handling and atomization, and it is also prone to clogging and trouble in pipes, making it a very difficult fuel to use. .

[Means for Solving the Problems] The present inventors have found that by using an appropriate surfactant, ultra-heavy oil (0
) is emulsified in water (W) to form ultra-heavy oil droplets in water (
We have discovered that it is possible to produce emulsion fuel (type 0). This emulsion fuel exhibits a viscosity relatively close to that of water,
For example, it can be sufficiently atomized at temperatures from room temperature to 90°C, and is a very easy-to-handle fuel. In the 0/W emulsion fuel, the lower the w (water) content, the lower the 0 (
The higher the oil) content, the better it is as a fuel and the lower the fuel loss. In order for emulsion fuel to be handled like normal liquid fuel oil, it must be stable for long periods of time to withstand transportation and storage.

Conventionally, there have been many reports on the use of emulsified oils with good fluidity, such as kerosene, double oil, 8 heavy oil, and C heavy oil, but the heavy There have been few reports of emulsifying ultra-heavy oil with high viscosity and using it as fuel.

The present inventors have discovered that a composition containing specific amounts of ultra-heavy oil, water, a specific cationic or/and amphoteric surfactant, and a specific nonionic surfactant is a 0-type ultra-heavy compound that has a low viscosity and is stable for a long time. They discovered that it could be used as a quality oil emulsion fuel, and brought the present invention to fruition.

That is, in the present invention, 100 parts (by weight, same hereinafter) of extra heavy oil, 30 to 80 parts of water, preferably 33 to 50 parts,
0.005 to 4 parts of a cationic or/and amphoteric surfactant selected from the group shown in (i) to (ix) below,
and a cationic or/and amphoteric surfactant:
The weight ratio of nonionic surfactant is 1:99 to 75:2
5, preferably 10:90 to 40:60, and emulsified to provide an ultra-heavy oil emulsion fuel.

Cationic or/and amphoteric surfactant> (1) Number of carbon atoms: 4
~18 alkyl or/and alkenyl atom with hydrochloric acid,
Alkyl and/or alkenyl amine salts neutralized with inorganic acids such as acetic acid or organic acids such as propionic acid.

(11) A quaternary ammonium salt represented by the following 2 (13 to (3)).

(However, R is an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group, R6 is II or a methyl group, and X has the same meaning as above.) (iii) An alkyl betaine represented by the following formula.

(However, R+, RZ. R3, R4 have 1 to 1 carbon atoms
In the alkyl or alkenyl group of 8, X is a halogen ion such as chlorine, bromine, or iodine, or a counter anion such as ethyl sulfate ion or acetate ion. ) (However, R+, R2, R:l and X have the same meanings as above.) O (However, R is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms.) (1■) Represented by the following formula alkyluane ξ oxide.

C}If RN→0 CL (However, R has the same meaning as above.) (V) Alkylalanine represented by the following formula.

\Clh (However, R has the same meaning as above.) (vi) Boria ξ represented by the following formula (4) or (5).

RN}IC, II, NHY (4) Y (However, R has the same meaning as above, and Y and Y each have the formula {C t H 4 0 ) TI (m is 1 to 5
o, preferably 3 to 10). ) (VII) A borian salt represented by the following formula (6) or (7).

RN}ICJJtlX (6)
RNII (C3lbNH) zX'
(7) (However, R has the same meaning as above, and X is an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid or acetic acid, or an organic acid such as probionic acid.) (viii) Imidazoline type amphoteric interface represented by the following formula Activator.

○ CI, COO However, R has the same meaning as above. ) (ix) A sulfohetaine type amphoteric surfactant represented by the following formula.

C}I, Oi+ (However, R has the same meaning as above.) <Hl, 89
-19 Nonionic Surfactants>(i) Alkylene oxide adducts of compounds having phenolic hydroxyl groups such as phenol, cresol, butylphenol, nonylphenol, dinonylphenol, dodecylphenol, baramylphenol, bisphenol A, etc. {Anolekylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/and brobylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide.

(II) Alkylene oxide adducts of formalin condensates of compounds having phenolic hydroxyl groups such as alkylphenols, phenols, metacresols, styrenated phenols, and henzylated phenols. The average degree of condensation is 1.
2 to 100, preferably 2 to 20, the alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/and brobylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide.

(III) Alkylene oxide adducts of monovalent aliphatic alcohols and/or aliphatic amines having 2 to 50 carbon atoms. The alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/and propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide.

(IV) Ethylene oxide and brobylene oxide or/
and block or random addition polymers of butylene oxide and styrene oxide.

(■) Glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sucrose, polyglycerin,
Polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol, or these polyhydric alcohols and carbon atoms 8 to 1
Alkylene oxide adduct of ester with fatty acid of No. 8.

The alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/and propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide.

(Vl) Ethylene diamine, tetraethylene diamine,
An alkylene oxide adduct of a polyvalent amine having multiple active hydrogens such as polyethyleneimine (molecular weight 600 to 10,000). Alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/
and propylene oxide, butylene oxide, and styrene oxide.

(VII) 1 mole of triglyceride type fat, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol,
Sorbitol, sucrose, ethylene glycol, molecular weight 10
Alkylene is added to a mixture with 0.1 to 5 moles of water and/or one or more polyhydric alcohols selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight of 0.00 or less, propylene glycol, and polypropylene glycol having a molecular weight of 1000 or less. A raw material that undergoes an addition reaction with oxides. The alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/and brobylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide.

Furthermore, in addition to the above-mentioned cationic or/and amphoteric surfactants and nonionic surfactants, microorganism-derived, plant-derived, or animal-derived hydrophilic polymer substances shown in (A) to (D) in f. A hydrophilic polymer substance derived from a natural product (including microorganisms) selected from the group consisting of natural polymer derivatives is added in an amount of 0.003 to 1 part, preferably 0.01 to 1 part, per 100 parts by weight of extra-heavy oil. When 1 part is added, a more preferable extra-heavy oil emulsion fuel can be obtained.

<Hydrophilic polymer substances derived from natural products> (A) Hydrophilic polymer substances derived from microorganisms (14 types) (a) Xanthan gum (b) Bull run (C) Dextran (B) Hydrophilic polymers derived from plants Substance (Tatsuki class) (a)
Derived from seaweed (a) Agar (mouth) Carrageenan (c) Farseleran (d) Alginic acid and its salts (Na, K, NH4, C
a, phylum g) (1)) Seed-derived (a) Locust bean gum (mouth) Guar gum (c) Tara gum (ii) Tamarind gum (C) Tree (exudate) (a) Gum arabic (b) Gum karaya (c) Gum tragacanth (d) Fruit-derived (a) Vectin (C) Animal-derived hydrophilic polymer substances (proteins) (a) Gelatin (mouth) Casein (D) Natural polymer derivatives (a) Cellulose derivatives (carboxymethyl cellulose, etc.) (1) Processed starch The above (i) to (ix) used in the present invention
The action of the cationic and/or amphoteric surfactant selected from the group shown is that it adsorbs to the interface of extra heavy oil particles, helps reduce the particle size, and at the same time gives charge to the particles and promotes particle regeneration. The goal is to prevent agglomeration. Among the above cationic and/or amphoteric surfactants, the alkyl betaines described in (iii) exhibit particularly excellent performance.

In addition, the action of the nonionic surfactants shown in (I) to (VII) above is that they adsorb to the interface of particles of extra-heavy oil, helping to reduce the particle size, and at the same time, have a protective effect that re-agglomerates the particles. It is to prevent The viscosity of extra-heavy oil is very high, so it generally has a viscosity of 40 to 60
Emulsion fuel is produced by emulsifying at a high temperature of ℃ or higher. The higher the viscosity of the oil, the higher the temperature required. The B value of the nonionic surfactant used in the present invention varies depending on the emulsification temperature, but is 9 to 19, preferably 12 to 17.
It is. Among the above nonionic surfactants, (VII)
The surfactants described in 1. showed overall excellent performance.

A mixture of two or more of these surfactants may be used.

Further, the hydrophilic polymeric substances represented by (A) to (D) above used in the present invention exhibit viscosity or gelling properties when dissolved or dispersed in water.

Hydrophilic polymer! I! It is better to use quality 7I in an amount of 0.003 to 1 part, preferably 0.01 to 0.1 part, per 100 parts of extra heavy oil. When the amount added increases,
Since the viscosity of the system becomes high and it is also economically disadvantageous, it is preferable to exhibit the effect with as little amount as possible.

Among the above-mentioned hydrophilic polymer substances, xanthan gum (A) is particularly excellent, and shows excellent performance even when added in a small amount.

After producing ultra-heavy oil emulsion fuel, when transporting it by vibrator or even long distances by ship, the emulsion fuel must remain stable for at least one month, preferably three months or more, and will not swell, dry up, or separate. It is necessary that this does not happen. Emulsigon fuel, which is a very heavy oil containing only the above surfactant and no hydrophilic polymer substances, becomes very viscous within 2 to 3 weeks, forms hard sediments, and particles agglomerate. It may become thick or the oil may separate. When a hydrophilic polymer substance is added to such a system, 1
It becomes a stable emulsion fuel for more than 3 months. In particular, when xanthan gum is used as a hydrophilic polymeric substance, an emulsion fuel that is stable for a long period of time can be obtained in a small amount.

Since ultra-essential oil has a very high viscosity, it is generally emulsified at a temperature of 40°C or higher to produce emulsion fuel. The higher the viscosity, the higher the temperature required. The surfactant is water,
Although it may be added to any oil, it is easier to handle when added to water.

Preferably, efficient mechanical means are used to produce the emulsion fuel of the present invention. As the mechanical means used in the present invention, any efficient stirring means may be used, or a combination of two or more methods may be used. In particular, a high shear type stirring device is preferred. For example, a line mixer, fletching turbine blade, propeller blade, bull margin type blade, paddle blade, etc. can be used.

Here, high shear force refers to a shear force of 1100/sec or more.

The oils referred to as extra-heavy oils in the present invention include the following oils that do not flow unless heated to high temperatures.

(1) Petroleum-based asphalt i and its oil mixture. (2
) Various processed products of petroleum-based asphalt, their intermediate products, residues, and their oil mixtures.

(3) High pour point oil or crude oil that does not flow at high temperatures. (4
) Petroleum-based tar pinch and its oil mixtures.

(5) Bitumen.

[Examples] Examples of the present invention are shown below, but the present invention is not limited to these Examples.

Example 1 Predetermined amounts of Middle East petroleum-based asphalt (softening temperature 50"C), water, and various surfactants shown in Table 1 were weighed out to a total of 300g, placed in an 800aZ centrifuge tube, and heated to 75°C. After reaching a certain temperature, stir with a TK homo mixer (with low viscosity stirring blade) made by Tokushu Kikako to prepare emulsigon fuel, put it in a constant temperature bath at 60 ° C, and after reaching a certain temperature, The viscosity was measured. A portion of the emulsion fuel was kept at 50°C and its condition was observed after 1, 3 and 7 days, and a portion was taken out and the stars passing through a 100 mesh sieve were measured.Viscosity Vismetron V manufactured by Shibaura System■
Measured with S~^I type, Nα2, rotor 60 rpm, and the amount passing through the sieve was 10 mm of φ70III1 in an atmosphere of 50°C.
Place about 10 g of sample on a 0 mesh stainless steel sieve,
The amount remaining on the sieve after 0 minutes was measured and calculated.

The results are shown in Table 1.

The comprehensive evaluation was made by comprehensively evaluating the viscosity of the emulsion, the amount of the emulsion passing through the sieve, and the visual observation of the dispersion state after the emulsion was left to stand.

The results are good in the order of ◎〉○〉Δ〉×, and those with Δ or higher are systems in which the effect can be recognized.

However, the dispersion state after standing is evaluated by observing the condition of the three layers, surface layer 1, intermediate layer 2, and sedimented N3, as shown in Figure 1, and dividing them into the surface layer, intermediate layer, and sedimented layer. did. In the surface layer 1, the size of the oil droplets on the surface and the size of the oil film formed by the oil droplets were observed. The dispersion state is good: no oil droplets, small amount of oil droplets, small amount of oil film, and +1lI of large amount of oil film.

In the intermediate layer 2, the quality of the emulsification state was observed.

The emulsification state was good in the following order: good emulsification, slightly creamy, creamy, separation, high degree of separation, and complete separation.

In Sedimentation Layer 3, the order of preference is no sediment, soft sediment, and hard sediment. Soft sediments are soft sediments that are easy to redisperse, and hard sediments are solid sediments that are difficult to redisperse.

Example 2 Athabasca cavitumen (softened fffffl2.5°C
(produced in Canada), water, and various surfactants shown in Table 2 in total.
Weigh out a predetermined amount to make it 300g, 800 rIL!
Place in a centrifuge tube and warm to 40°C. After reaching a certain temperature, it was stirred using a TX homomixer (with low viscosity stirring blades) manufactured by Tokushu Kikako to prepare emulsigon fuel, and heated to 40"C.
was placed in a constant temperature bath, and after reaching a certain temperature, the viscosity was measured. Part of the emulsion fuel was kept warm at 40'C, and its condition was observed after 1 day, 3 days, and 7 days, and a portion was taken out and the amount passing through a 100 mesh sieve was measured. The viscosity was measured using a Bismetron VS-AJ model manufactured by Shibaura System■, Nα2, and a rotor of 60 rpm.The amount passing through the sieve was measured by placing about 10 g of the sample on a φ70 O+N+ 100 mesh stainless steel sieve in an atmosphere of 40°C, and after 10 minutes. The amount remaining on the sieve was measured and calculated.

The results are shown in Table 2.

The comprehensive evaluation and observation of the dispersion state were performed in the same manner as in Example 1.

Example 3 Weighed a predetermined amount of Middle East petroleum-based asphalt (softening temperature 50°C), water, surfactant, and hydrophilic polymer substance to a total of 300g, put it in an 800 centrifuge tube, and heated it at 75°C. Warm to. After reaching a certain temperature, it was stirred using a TK homomixer (with low viscosity stirring blades) manufactured by Tokushu Kikako to prepare emulcidin fuel and kept at 60"C. After reaching a certain temperature, the viscosity was measured. .A part of the emulsion fuel is 5
The temperature was kept at 0°C, and the conditions were changed after 1 day, 7 days, 21 days, and 1 day.
Observe after several months, then after three months, take out some and
The amount that passed through the mesh sieve was measured. The viscosity is Bismetron vs-+U type made by Shibaura System ■, k2, rotor 6
Measured at 0 rpm, and the amount passing through the sieve was φ7 in an atmosphere of 50°C.
Approximately 10 g of the sample was placed on a 0 mm 100 mesh stainless steel sieve, and the amount remaining on the sieve after 10 minutes was calculated.

The results are shown in Table 3. In addition, the comprehensive evaluation and observation of the dispersion state after standing were conducted in Example 1.
I did it in the same way. However, while in Example 1, a comprehensive evaluation was performed for one week after leaving the room, in Example 3, three
A comprehensive evaluation was performed after several months. Therefore, the evaluation criteria for Example 3 are stricter.

Example 4 Athabas force bitumen (softening temperature 12.5°C)
, Weigh out a predetermined amount of water, surfactant, and hydrophilic polymer substance for a total of 300 g, and place them in an 800 centrifuge tube.
Heat to 0"C. After reaching a certain temperature, stir with a TK homo mixer manufactured by Tokushu Kikako to prepare an emulsion fuel. Place it in a constant temperature bath at 40°C. After reaching a certain temperature, the viscosity Some of the emulsion fuel was heated to 40°C.
After tS, the condition was observed after 7 days, 21 days, 1 month, and 3 months. A portion was taken out and the amount passing through a 100 mesh sieve was measured. The viscosity is Vismetron VS-AI type manufactured by Shibaura System■, NO. 2, rotor 6
Measured at 0 rpm, the amount passing through the sieve was measured at 40°C, and φ
Approximately 1 on a 70llIn+ 100 mesh stainless steel sieve
A 0 g sample was placed on the sieve, and the amount remaining on the sieve after 10 minutes was calculated.

Yuri is shown in Table 4.

The comprehensive evaluation and observation of the dispersion state after standing were performed in the same manner as in Example 3. Example 4 has stricter evaluation criteria than Example 2.

-706- 4.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a centrifuge tube used for evaluating the dispersion state after standing still. 1 2 3: Surface layer: Intermediate layer: Sedimentation layer

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. 100 parts by weight of extra heavy oil, 30 to 80 parts by weight of water,
0.005 to 4 parts by weight of a cationic or/and amphoteric surfactant selected from the group shown in (i) to (ix) below;
and H selected from the group shown in (I) to (VII) below.
Nonionic surfactants with LB (hydrophilic/lipophilic balance) 9 to 19 are mixed in an amount such that the weight ratio of cationic or/and amphoteric surfactant:nonionic surfactant is 1:99 to 75:25 and emulsified. Super heavy oil emulsion fuel. <Cationic or/and amphoteric surfactant> (i) An alkyl or/and alkenylamine salt obtained by neutralizing an alkyl or/and alkenylamine having 4 to 18 carbon atoms with an inorganic acid or an organic acid. (ii) Quaternary ammonium salts represented by the following formulas (1) to (3). ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼(1) (However, R_1, R_2, R_3, R_4 have carbon numbers of 1 to
The alkyl or alkenyl group of 18, X^■, is a counter anion. ) ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼(2) (However, R_1, R_2, R_3 and X^■ have the same meanings as above.) ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼(3) (However, , R_5 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, R_6 is H or a methyl group, and X^■ has the same meaning as above.) (ii) An alkyl betaine represented by the following formula. ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼ (However, R is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms.) (iv) Alkylamine oxide represented by the following formula. ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼ (However, R has the same meaning as above.) (v) Alkylalanine represented by the following formula. ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼ (However, R has the same meaning as above.) (vi) Polyamite represented by the following formula (4) or (5). RNHC_3H_6NHY(4) ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼(5) (However, R has the same meaning as above, and Y and Y' are each formula ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼(m is 1-50
) is an oxyethylene chain represented by ) (vii) A polyamine salt represented by the following formula (6) or (7). RNHC_3H_6NHX'(6) RNH(C_3H_6NH)_2X'(7) (However, R
has the same meaning as above, and X' is an inorganic or organic acid. ) (viii) An imidazoline type amphoteric surfactant represented by the following formula. ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼ (However, R has the same meaning as above.) (ix) Sulfobetaine type amphoteric surfactant represented by the following formula. ▲There are mathematical formulas, chemical formulas, tables, etc.▼ (However, R has the same meaning as above.) <Nonionic surfactant with HLB 9 to 19> (I) Alkylene oxide adduct of a compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group. However, alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, butylene oxide, and styrene oxide. (II) An alkylene oxide adduct of a formalin condensate of a compound having a phenolic hydroxyl group. The average degree of condensation is 1.2 to 100, and the alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/and propylene oxide, butylene oxide, or styrene oxide. (III) An alkylene oxide adduct of a monovalent aliphatic alcohol and/or aliphatic amine having 2 to 5 carbon atoms. Alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/and propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide. (IV) A block or random addition polymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide or/and butylene oxide or styrene oxide. (V) Alkylene oxide adducts of polyhydric alcohols or esters of these polyhydric alcohols and fatty acids having 8 to 18 carbon atoms, the alkylene oxide being ethylene oxide or/and propylene oxide, butylene oxide, and styrene oxide. (VI) Alkylene oxide adduct of polyvalent amine having multiple active hydrogens. Alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/and propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide. (VII) 1 mol of triglyceride type oil and fat selected from the group consisting of glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sucrose, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 1000 or less, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol with a molecular weight of 1000 or less A product obtained by adding an alkylene oxide to a mixture of one or more polyhydric alcohols and/or 0.1 to 5 moles of water. Alkylene oxide is ethylene oxide or/and propylene oxide, butylene oxide, styrene oxide. 2. In addition to the cationic or/and amphoteric surfactant and nonionic surfactant according to claim 1, the following (A) to (
A hydrophilic polymer substance derived from a natural product (including microorganisms) selected from the group consisting of microorganism-derived, plant-derived or animal-derived hydrophilic polymer substances or natural polymer derivatives shown in D) is added to ultra-heavy oil 100. 0.003 to 1 part by weight
The extra-heavy oil emulsion fuel according to claim 1, wherein part by weight is added. <Hydrophilic polymeric substances derived from natural products> (A) Hydrophilic polymeric substances derived from microorganisms (polysaccharides) (a)
Xanthan gum (b) Pullulan (c) Dextran (B) Plant-derived hydrophilic polymer substances (polysaccharides) (a) Seaweed-derived (a) Agar (b) Carrageenan (c) Farcelleran (d) Alginic acid and its salts (Na ,K,NH_4,Ca
, Mg) (b) Seed-derived (a) Locust bean gum (b) Guar gum (c) Tara gum (d) Tamarind gum (c) Tree (exudate) (a) Gum arabic (b) Gum karaya (c) Gum tragacanth (d) ) Fruit-derived (a) Pectin (C) Animal-derived hydrophilic polymer substance (protein) (i) Gelatin (b) Casein (D) Natural polymer derivative (a) Cellulose derivative (b) Modified starch 3, nonionic interface The extra-heavy oil emulsion fuel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the activator has an HLB of 12 to 17. 4. The super heavy oil emulsion fuel according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the cationic or/and amphoteric surfactant to the nonionic surfactant is 10:90 to 40:60. 5. The extra-heavy oil emulsion fuel according to claim 1, wherein the nonionic surfactant is (VII) according to claim 1. 6. The extra-heavy oil emulsion fuel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the cationic or/and amphoteric surfactant is (iii) according to claim 1. 7. The ultra-heavy oil emulsion fuel according to claim 2, wherein the hydrophilic polymer substance derived from a natural product is xanthan gum. 8. The amount of water added is 33 to 100 parts by weight of extra heavy oil.
The extra-heavy oil emulsion fuel according to claim 1, wherein the amount is 50 parts by weight.