JPH01274362A - Separate plate with groove for fuel cell - Google Patents
Separate plate with groove for fuel cellInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01274362A JPH01274362A JP63102250A JP10225088A JPH01274362A JP H01274362 A JPH01274362 A JP H01274362A JP 63102250 A JP63102250 A JP 63102250A JP 10225088 A JP10225088 A JP 10225088A JP H01274362 A JPH01274362 A JP H01274362A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- plate
- grooved
- separate plate
- grooves
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910021397 glassy carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0223—Composites
- H01M8/0228—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
この発明はバイポーラ型燃料’ｉｔａの溝付セパレート
板（バイポーラ板とも呼ぶ）、ことにその水素ガスの透
過防止構造に関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a grooved separate plate (also referred to as a bipolar plate) for bipolar fuel 'ita', and particularly to its hydrogen gas permeation prevention structure.
第２図はりん酸形燃料電池のセルスタックを展開して示
す斜視図であり、リプ付セパレータ方式またはパイボー
２形と呼ばれる燃料電池の従来構造ｔ−９１ｊに示した
ものである。図において、１は単電池であシ、電解質と
してのりん酸液を保持したマトリックス３を挟んでその
両側にガス透過性の４￥を性基材に電極触媒を担持させ
た水素電極２および空気電極４を積層配置するよう構成
される。FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing a cell stack of a phosphoric acid fuel cell, and is shown in a conventional structure T-91J of a fuel cell called a lipped separator type or Pibo 2 type. In the figure, 1 is a single cell, with a matrix 3 holding a phosphoric acid solution as an electrolyte sandwiched between the hydrogen electrode 2, which has a gas-permeable electrode catalyst supported on a gas-permeable base material, and air on both sides. The electrodes 4 are arranged in a stacked manner.
また、５はガス不浸透性のカーボン板からなる溝付セパ
レート板であり、その両面に互いに直交する形で溝６お
よび７が形成される。燃料電池のセルスタックは、単電
池１と溝付セパレート板５とを交互に複数層重ね合わせ
、積層面に所定の面圧を加えることによシ形成され、水
素電極２の表面上には溝６による燃料ガスの供給通路Ｆ
が形成され、空気電極４の表面には溝７による酸化剤と
しての反応空気の供給通路Ａが形成される。したがって
、構付セパレート板５はｆｔｊｔ６および７を流れる燃
料ガスおよび空気の混合を防ぐためにガス不浸透性であ
ることを求められるとともに、各層重電池１で発生した
電流が流れる導電体としての機能が求められ、かつ２０
０℃に近い燃料電池の作動幅度で極めて強い腐食性を示
すりん酸液に耐える耐腐食性が求められるので、はとん
どの金属材料の適用が不可能であり、結合材としてのフ
ェノールとカーボン粉末を数１００℃程度の高温で圧縮
成形することによって得られるガス不浸透性の溝付カー
ボン板が用いられる。Further, 5 is a grooved separate plate made of a gas-impermeable carbon plate, and grooves 6 and 7 are formed on both sides of the plate so as to be perpendicular to each other. A cell stack of a fuel cell is formed by alternately stacking a plurality of single cells 1 and grooved separate plates 5 and applying a predetermined surface pressure to the laminated surfaces. Grooves are formed on the surface of the hydrogen electrode 2. Fuel gas supply passage F by 6
is formed, and a supply passage A for reaction air as an oxidizing agent is formed by grooves 7 on the surface of the air electrode 4. Therefore, the structure separate plate 5 is required to be impermeable to gas in order to prevent the fuel gas and air flowing through the ftjts 6 and 7 from mixing, and also to function as a conductor through which the current generated in each layered battery 1 flows. wanted and 20
Since corrosion resistance is required to withstand the extremely corrosive phosphoric acid solution at the operating temperature of fuel cells close to 0°C, it is impossible to use most metal materials, and phenol and carbon as binders are required. A gas-impermeable grooved carbon plate obtained by compression molding powder at a high temperature of about several hundred degrees Celsius is used.
上述のように構成された燃料電池スタックは、発電運転
時に電気化学反応によって空気電極上に水が生成され、
この水が水蒸気となって空気通路７に放出されるが、こ
の水蒸気の放出に伴りてマトリックス６に保持されたり
ん酸液が突気通路７に癩散する現象が起こり易く、飛散
したりん酸液の飛沫が溝付セパレート板の表面に付着す
る。また、単電池１に所定レベルを超える差圧が加わる
とマトリックス６に保持された電解液がガス圧の低い１
１１１１の４６または７に吹き抜は発電性能が低下する
不都合を生ずるので、両ガスの差圧は所定レベル以下に
抑さえるようｌ！ＩＪ？Ｉｌｌ！ｌされるが、時にはシ
ん酸液の小規模な吹き抜けが生ずる０］能性があり、こ
の場合にも溝付セパレート板の表面にりん酸液が付層す
る。溝付セパレート板５には僅かながら未反応の７エノ
ールが残っていることがあり、この残存フェノールが高
温のりん酸液と接触することＫよって腐食され、本来ガ
ス不浸透性であるべき溝付セパレート板の水素ガス透過
量が増加するという問題が発生し、時にはその量が数１
０から１００ｄ／”−一を超える値にまで達することが
ある。In the fuel cell stack configured as described above, water is generated on the air electrode by an electrochemical reaction during power generation operation.
This water becomes water vapor and is released into the air passage 7, but as this water vapor is released, the phosphoric acid solution held in the matrix 6 is likely to splatter into the air passage 7, and the scattered phosphorus Splashes of acid solution adhere to the surface of the grooved separate plate. Furthermore, when a differential pressure exceeding a predetermined level is applied to the unit cell 1, the electrolyte held in the matrix 6
Since a stairwell in 46 or 7 of 1111 will cause the inconvenience of reducing power generation performance, the differential pressure between both gases should be kept below a predetermined level! IJ? Ill! However, there is a possibility that a small-scale blow-through of the phosphoric acid solution may occur, and in this case also, the phosphoric acid solution forms a layer on the surface of the grooved separate plate. A small amount of unreacted 7-enol may remain in the grooved separate plate 5, and this residual phenol corrodes when it comes into contact with the high-temperature phosphoric acid solution, and the grooved separate plate 5, which should originally be gas-impermeable, corrodes. A problem arises in that the amount of hydrogen gas permeated through the separate plates increases, and sometimes the amount is several orders of magnitude.
Values from 0 to more than 100 d/''-1 can be reached.
多数の単［池の積層体からなる燃料電池スタックにおい
ては電極延べ面積も大きく、溝付セパレート板のガスう
過量の増加は燃料ガスの利用効率の低下をもたらすとと
もに、燃料ガスと空気の混合による爆発の危険性を高め
る可能性があシ、その改善が求められている。In a fuel cell stack consisting of a stack of many cells, the total area of the electrodes is large, and an increase in the amount of gas in the grooved separate plates leads to a decrease in the efficiency of fuel gas utilization. There is a possibility of increasing the risk of explosion, and improvements are required.
この発明の目的は、ガス不浸透性に優れ、かつその経年
劣化の少い溝付セパレート板を得ることにある。An object of the present invention is to obtain a grooved separate plate that has excellent gas impermeability and is less likely to deteriorate over time.
上記峰題を解決するために、この発明によれば、ガス不
浸透性のカーボン板の両面に燃料ガスおよび酸化剤ガス
それぞれの通路となる溝が互いに直父する方向に形成さ
れた溝付セパレート板と単電池とを父互に配して積層体
とした燃料電池において、前記溝付セパレート板が燃料
ガス通路側および酸化ガス通路側の２層に分割形成され
、その層間に高度にガス不浸透性の導電材からなるガス
透過防止層が設けられてなるものとする。In order to solve the above-mentioned problem, the present invention provides a grooved separate plate in which grooves, which serve as passages for fuel gas and oxidizing gas, are formed on both sides of a gas-impermeable carbon plate in directions facing each other. In a fuel cell in which a plate and a cell are mutually arranged to form a stacked structure, the grooved separate plate is divided into two layers, one on the fuel gas passage side and the other on the oxidizing gas passage side, and there is a high degree of gas impurity between the layers. A gas permeation prevention layer made of a permeable conductive material is provided.
上記手段において、溝付セパレート板をその厚み方向に
２層に分割し、その層間にガス透過防止層として例えば
グラッシーカーボンシートヲ介装し、３ＲｊＩ構造の溝
付セパレート板を構成し九ことにより、非晶質カーボン
シートを２０００℃前後の高温で長時間焼成して得られ
るグラッシーカーボンシートが黒鉛構造化することによ
って高度のガス不浸透性を示すとともに１未反応のフェ
ノール寺を含まず優れたＩＩＩＩｔシん酸性を有するこ
とＫより、逆に溝付きであるが故に圧縮成形歪みが大き
く、前記グラッシーカーボン材の使用が困難なために、
ガス不浸透性および耐シん酸性にやや欠けた面を有する
溝付セパレート板の欠点をカバ−１高度のガス不浸透性
が得られるとともに、りん酸液の腐食作用によるガス不
浸透性の経年劣化を防止することができる。In the above means, the grooved separate plate is divided into two layers in the thickness direction, and a glassy carbon sheet, for example, is interposed between the layers as a gas permeation prevention layer to form a grooved separate plate with a 3RjI structure. The glassy carbon sheet obtained by firing an amorphous carbon sheet at a high temperature of around 2000°C for a long time has a graphite structure, which shows a high degree of gas impermeability and also contains no unreacted phenol, making it an excellent IIIt. On the contrary, since it has a phosphoric acid property, compression molding distortion is large due to the grooved structure, making it difficult to use the glassy carbon material.
Covers the disadvantages of grooved separate plates, which have a surface that is somewhat lacking in gas impermeability and phosphoric acid resistance.1 High degree of gas impermeability is obtained, and gas impermeability is maintained over time due to the corrosive action of phosphoric acid solution. Deterioration can be prevented.
以下この発明を実施例に基づいてａ明する。 The present invention will be explained below based on examples.
第１図はこの発明の実施例を示す溝付セパレート板の斜
視図であり、溝付セパレート板１５はその厚み方向に２
層に分割され、燃料通路となる溝６を一方の面に有する
分割されたセパレート板１６と、反応突気の通路となる
溝７を一方の面に有する分割されたセパレート板１７と
、２層に分割されたセパレート板１６および１７それぞ
れの平滑な面に挟まれたガス透過防止層２０との３層構
造として構成される。FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a grooved separate plate showing an embodiment of the present invention, and the grooved separate plate 15 has two parts in the thickness direction.
A divided separate plate 16 that is divided into layers and has a groove 6 on one side that serves as a fuel passage, and a divided separate plate 17 that has a groove 7 on one side that serves as a passage for reaction air, and two layers. It has a three-layer structure with a gas permeation prevention layer 20 sandwiched between the smooth surfaces of separate plates 16 and 17.
ガス透過防止層２０としてのグラッシーカーボン’ｙ−
トは、非晶質カーボンシー）１２０００℃前後の高温で
長時間焼成して得られる膨張黒鉛シートとも呼ばれるち
密な導電性シートであシ、水素ガスに対して高度のガス
不浸透性を有し、かつ未反応の結合剤を宮まないので高
温のりん酸液によシ腐食されず、その水素ガス透過量は
溝付セパレート板５のそれに比べて数百分の一以下と極
めて高度なガス不浸透性を有する。Glassy carbon 'y- as gas permeation prevention layer 20
Amorphous carbon sheet) is a dense conductive sheet, also called an expanded graphite sheet, obtained by firing at a high temperature of around 12,000°C for a long time, and has a high degree of gas impermeability to hydrogen gas. , and since it does not contain unreacted binder, it will not be corroded by high-temperature phosphoric acid solution, and its hydrogen gas permeation rate is less than a few hundredths of that of the grooved separate plate 5, which is an extremely high level of gas permeability. Impermeable.
上述のように′ｍ成された溝付セパレート板１５におい
ては、燃料ガス通路としての溝６を有する分割されたセ
パレート板１６を透過した水素はガス透過防止層２０に
よって反応空気側のセパレート板１７側への透過が遮断
されるので、水素ガスの透過損失と、水素ガスが反応空
気忙混合することＫよって生ずる爆発の危険性をほぼ完
全に防止することができる。In the grooved separate plate 15 constructed as described above, hydrogen that has permeated through the divided separate plate 16 having grooves 6 as fuel gas passages is transferred to the reaction air side separate plate 17 by the gas permeation prevention layer 20. Since permeation to the side is blocked, permeation losses of hydrogen gas and the risk of explosion caused by mixing of hydrogen gas with reaction air can be almost completely prevented.
また、分割されたセパレート板１６および１７は一万の
面が平滑であり、両面に溝を有する従来のセパレート＆
５に比べてその成形加工が容易化され、これに基づいて
燃成時に生ずる熱応力も小さくなるので、ガス不浸透性
の向上が期待できる。In addition, the divided separate plates 16 and 17 have 10,000 smooth surfaces, unlike conventional separate plates and grooves on both sides.
Compared to No. 5, the molding process is easier, and based on this, the thermal stress generated during combustion is also smaller, so an improvement in gas impermeability can be expected.
なお、ガス透過防止層としては、グラッシーカーボンシ
ートの朋に、ｒＭジん散性の優れたステンレス鋼やニッ
ケル合金の薄板の使用も可能である。As the gas permeation prevention layer, it is also possible to use a thin plate of stainless steel or nickel alloy, which has excellent rM dispersibility, in place of the glassy carbon sheet.
この発明は前述のように、溝付セパレート板をその厚み
方向に２層に分割し、その層間にガス透過防止層として
例えばグラッシーカーボンシートを介挿した６層構造と
するよう構成した。その給米、溝付セパレート板を透過
した水素ガスは高度にガス不浸透性のガス透過防止層に
よシ遮断さへ従来の溝付セパレート板で問題となった水
素ガスが反応空気側に漏れることによって生ずる燃料ガ
スの無駄な消費や爆発の危険性が排除されるとともに、
グラッシーカーボンシートの優れた耐りん酸液性によっ
てガス不浸透性の低下が阻止されるので、信頼性が高く
優れた総合発電効率を有する燃料電池を提供することが
できる。As described above, the present invention has a six-layer structure in which the grooved separate plate is divided into two layers in the thickness direction, and a glassy carbon sheet, for example, is inserted between the layers as a gas permeation prevention layer. During rice feeding, the hydrogen gas that permeates through the grooved separate plate is blocked by a highly gas-impermeable gas permeation prevention layer.Hydrogen gas leaks into the reaction air side, which was a problem with conventional grooved separate plates. The wasteful consumption of fuel gas and the risk of explosion caused by this are eliminated, and
The excellent phosphoric acid liquid resistance of the glassy carbon sheet prevents deterioration in gas impermeability, making it possible to provide a fuel cell with high reliability and excellent overall power generation efficiency.
第１図はこの発明の実施例を示す溝付セパレート板の斜
視図、第２図はリブ付セパレータ方式のりん酸型燃料電
池スタックの従来構造を示す展開した斜視図である。
１・・・単電池、５．１５・・・溝付セパレート板、６
・・・溝（燃料ガス側）、７・・・溝（反応空気側）、
１６．１７・・・分割されたセパレート板、２０・・・
ガス透過防止層。FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a grooved separate plate showing an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing the conventional structure of a ribbed separator type phosphoric acid fuel cell stack. 1... Single battery, 5.15... Grooved separate plate, 6
...Groove (fuel gas side), 7...Groove (reaction air side),
16.17...Divided separate plate, 20...
Gas permeation prevention layer.
Claims (1)
酸化剤ガスそれぞれの通路となる溝が互いに直交する方
向に形成された溝付セパレート板と単電池とを交互に配
して積層体とした燃料電池において、前記溝付セパレー
ト板が燃料ガス通路側および酸化ガス通路側の２層に分
割形成され、その層間に高度にガス不浸透性の導電材か
らなるガス透過防止層が設けられてなることを特徴とす
る燃料電池の溝付セパレート板。1) A laminate is created by alternately arranging grooved separate plates in which grooves, which serve as passages for fuel gas and oxidizing gas, are formed in directions perpendicular to each other on both sides of a gas-impermeable carbon plate and single cells. In the fuel cell, the grooved separate plate is divided into two layers, one on the fuel gas passage side and the other on the oxidizing gas passage side, and a gas permeation prevention layer made of a highly gas-impermeable conductive material is provided between the layers. A grooved separate plate for a fuel cell, which is characterized by:
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63102250A JPH01274362A (en) | 1988-04-25 | 1988-04-25 | Separate plate with groove for fuel cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63102250A JPH01274362A (en) | 1988-04-25 | 1988-04-25 | Separate plate with groove for fuel cell |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01274362A true JPH01274362A (en) | 1989-11-02 |
Family
ID=14322356
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63102250A Pending JPH01274362A (en) | 1988-04-25 | 1988-04-25 | Separate plate with groove for fuel cell |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH01274362A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100731329B1 (en) * | 2006-02-10 | 2007-06-21 | 두산중공업 주식회사 | Separate plate having fuel reforming chamber for mcfc and manufacturing method thereof |
-
1988
- 1988-04-25 JP JP63102250A patent/JPH01274362A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR100731329B1 (en) * | 2006-02-10 | 2007-06-21 | 두산중공업 주식회사 | Separate plate having fuel reforming chamber for mcfc and manufacturing method thereof |
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