JPH01252255A - Solid complete feed and solid feed - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a low-cost solid (complete) feed capable of preventing excess fats from establishing and providing meat of good quality without excess nutrition even in overeating, by containing a fibrous feed raw material containing a specific amount of crude fiber substances and bean-curd refuse, etc., in respective specified amounts, drying and forming the resultant mixture to provide a specific bulk density. CONSTITUTION:A solid complete feed obtained by containing >=5wt.% fibrous feed raw material with >=15wt.% crude fiber content (preferably chaff, etc.), and >=20wt.% one or more of bean-curd refuse, soybean cake, soybean milk refuse and brewer's grains, drying and forming the resultant mixture to <=500kg/m<3> bulk density. Furthermore, a solid feed, obtained by containing >=20wt.% fibrous feed raw material, >=50wt.% bean-curd refuse, etc., drying and forming the resultant mixture to provide 300-650-kg/m<3> bulk density and usable with other feeds in combination.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention "Technical Field" The present invention relates to a solid complete feed and a solid feed suitable for, for example, fattening cattle, and in particular, by feeding it to fattened cattle other than the Japanese Black cattle, such as dairy cattle, the feed is similar to that of Japanese cattle. Concerning feed that produces high-quality meat.

"Prior art and its problems" The price of beef products varies greatly depending on their quality. Beef obtained from Japanese Kuroge cattle is known to be of the highest quality, and is priced higher than beef obtained from other fattened cattle. However, on the other hand, there was a problem in that the cost of fattening Japanese black cattle was extremely high compared to other fattening cattle.

For example, dairy cows are raised primarily to obtain milk, but some newborn bulls and female cows are fattened as beef cattle. Although these dairy cows can be obtained relatively cheaply, the quality of their meat is inferior to that of Wagyu cattle such as the Japanese Kuroge breed, resulting in low product value. That is,
Meat obtained by fattening dairy cows has a high content of excess fat.
Meat yields were noticeably poor, and carcass prices were significantly different from those of Japanese black cattle.

Generally, beef cattle are fattened by using a combination of nutrient-rich concentrate feed and fiber-rich roughage so that the cattle can eat these foods satisfactorily. However, when a combination of concentrate feed and roughage is used, the cows tend to eat only the highly palatable concentrate feed, resulting in insufficient intake of roughage, and the resulting meat tends to have a high excess fat content. Ta.

In addition, complete feed containing a well-balanced combination of nutrients and fiber has also been proposed. For example, barley, oat, beet pulp, linseed oil meal, molasses, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, salt, vitamins, mineral preparations, etc.
Dry solid complete feed: 1 has been proposed. However, even with these complete feeds, cows tend to become satiated and overnourished, making it difficult to obtain high-quality meat, especially from dairy fattened cows. Furthermore, the above-mentioned complete feed had a problem in that the feed cost was very high.

``Object of the Invention'' In view of the above-mentioned problems of the conventional technology, the object of the present invention is to prevent cows from becoming overnourished even if they are satiated, to prevent excess fat from settling, and to obtain high-quality meat. To provide solid complete feed and solid feed that can be obtained at low cost by using unused resources.

"Structure of the Invention" The solid complete feed according to the present invention contains fibrous feed ingredients with a crude fiber content of 15% by weight or more (dry weight), 5% by weight or more (dry weight ratio), tofu cake, soybean cake, soymilk cake, and beer. Containing at least 20% by weight (dry weight ratio) of one or more selected from waste, dried to a bulk density of 500 kg/m' or less,
It is characterized by being molded.

In addition, the solid feed according to the present invention has a crude fiber content of 15% by weight (
20% by weight (dry weight ratio) or more of fibrous feed ingredients (based on dry weight), and 50% by weight (dry weight ratio) of one or more types selected from tofu lees, soybean lees, soy milk lees, and beer lees. or more, with a bulk density of 300 to 6150 kg/r
It is characterized by being dried and molded so that it becomes n'.

"Effect" Generally, cows have a fixed feeding period of about 8 hours in a day, and the amount of food they can eat in a day is determined by the amount of food they can eat during those 8 hours.

The feed of the present invention contains fibrous feed materials with a crude fiber content of 15% by weight or more (on a dry matter basis), and these fibrous components have a long residence time in the rumen of cattle. therefore,
The feed of the present invention can suppress the daily intake amount to an appropriate level even if the feed is satiated.

In addition, the feed used in the present invention contains one or more selected from tofu grounds, soybean grounds, soybean grounds, and beer grounds, and further contains other feeds as necessary, so it is suitable for fattening. You can also ensure that you get enough of the nutrients you need.

The feed of the present invention is provided as a solid complete feed or solid feed. Here, "complete solid feed" means food suitable for fattening with this feed alone without supplementing with other feeds, and "solid feed" means food suitable for fattening using this feed in combination with other feeds. means something.

In solid complete feed, since it is fattened without using other feed, it contains fibrous feed materials with crude fiber content of 15% by weight or more (dry weight), 5% by weight or more (dry weight ratio), tofu cake, soybean meal. The effects of the present invention can be obtained by containing at least 20% by weight (dry weight ratio) of one or more selected from the group consisting of soy milk dregs, soy milk dregs, and beer dregs. In addition, the solid complete feed of the present invention has a bulk density of 500 kg/m' or less and S
Because of this, even a relatively small amount can give you a feeling of fullness.

In addition, in the case of solid feed, since it is fattened in combination with other feeds, in order to obtain the effects of the present invention, it is necessary to add 20% by weight of fibrous feed materials with crude fiber content of 15% by weight or more (on a dry matter basis). (
50% by weight of one or more types selected from tofu dregs, soybean dregs, soy milk dregs, and beer dregs (dry weight ratio)
(dry weight ratio) or more. However, in order to ensure that the solid feed of the present invention is appropriately ingested in relation to other feeds used together, the bulk density is 300-300.
It can be set appropriately within the range of 1350 kg/rrf.

The solid complete feed and solid feed of the present invention are suitable as feed for fattened cattle, especially fattened cattle other than Japanese Black cattle such as dairy fattened cattle. From 6 months to 22 months of age for fattened cattle other than Japanese Black cattle
Feed the feed of the present invention during the fattening period of the month, and reduce the finishing weight to 6.
Dairy cows weighing between 00 and 80 kg are prevented from retaining excess fat, and can provide high-quality beef that can be said to be equivalent to Japanese Black cattle, with a good meat yield.

[Preferred Embodiment of the Invention] In the feed of the present invention, fibrous feed raw materials with a crude fiber content of 15% by weight or more (on a dry matter basis) are necessary to provide fiber to cattle, and these are necessary to provide fiber in the rumen of cattle. Since the residence time is long, it is effective in preventing overeating in cattle and preventing excess fat from settling.

The fibrous feed ingredients include rice husk, rice straw, wheat cane, hay, bark, sugarcane hay, sugarcane tips, vetch hay, bagasse, pineapple meal, cocoa shells, corn cobs, oil palm cake, and beets. One or more selected from pulp and soybean seed coat are preferably used.

In the above, rice hulls and barley cans are preferably treated with ammonia in advance to improve palatability. Ammonia treatment can be carried out, for example, by treating rice hulls and barley canes in ammonia gas for about 4 weeks in summer and about 8 weeks in winter. Note that rice hulls treated with ammonia are particularly preferred from the economic point of view.

In the feed of the present invention, these fibrous feed ingredients are contained at 5% by weight or more (dry weight ratio) in the case of a solid complete feed, and at least 20% by weight (dry weight ratio) in the case of solid feed. If the amount of these fibrous feed materials is less than the above, the effect of preventing overeating in cattle will not be sufficiently achieved. In addition, in the case of a solid complete feed, it is more preferable that the blending amount of these fibrous feed materials is 15% by weight or more (dry weight ratio). In addition, the above-mentioned fibrous feed materials may be supplementary fed to cattle together with the feed of the present invention.

Further, one or more selected from tofu grounds, soybean grounds, soy milk grounds, and beer grounds are components rich in nutritional value such as protein. In the present invention, these protein raw materials need to be contained at least 20% by weight (dry weight ratio) in the case of solid complete feed, and at least 50% by weight (dry weight ratio) in the case of solid feed. If the protein raw material is less than the above amount, the effects of the present invention cannot be sufficiently obtained. Note that since these protein raw materials are waste products generated in the food industry, the cost of feed can be reduced. Moreover, among these protein raw materials, tofu crumbs are particularly preferable.

In addition to the above-mentioned raw materials, the feed used in the present invention may further contain various nutrients, vitamins, salt, etc., as necessary. In addition, fibrous feed materials, protein materials, etc. other than those mentioned above may be added. In particular, in the case of a complete solid sample, it is possible to fatten it by itself, so other feeds containing soluble nitrogen-free substances (mainly carbohydrates) and supplementary materials such as calcium, vitamins, minerals, and salt can be added to provide nutrients. It is preferable to strike a balance. On the other hand, in the case of solid feed, nutritional deficiencies can be supplemented by combining it with other feeds. In this case, other feeds include feeds containing soluble nitrogen-free substances (mainly carbohydrates), calcium, vitamins, minerals, salt, etc. as mentioned above. In addition, soluble nitrogen-free substances (
Examples of feed containing mainly carbohydrates include Nikon, Char mackerel, etc.

Further, the solid complete feed of the present invention needs to have a bulk density of 500 kg/m' or less. If the bulk density exceeds 500 kg/rn'', the cow will be overnourished when it is satiated, and excess fat will accumulate, making it impossible to obtain high-quality meat.

On the other hand, in the solid feed of the present invention, the bulk density can be appropriately set in the range of 300 to 650 kg/m'. This is to ensure that the solid feed of the present invention is appropriately ingested in relation to other feeds used in combination, as described above. In addition, when used in combination with other feeds such as Nikon and Chara mackerel, the bulk density becomes 500 kg/m' or less when the solid feed is mixed with other feeds, so the same effect as above can be obtained. can.

Note that the moisture content of the final product is preferably 15% by weight or less; if the moisture content is higher than this, good storage stability will not be obtained. In addition, from the point of view of drying cost, the moisture content is 1
More preferably, the content is about 0-15% by weight.

The production of the feed used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but
For example, by mixing the above-mentioned fibrous feed raw materials and protein raw materials in a predetermined ratio, further adding and mixing various nutrients and subcomponents such as vitamins as necessary, shaping this into a desired shape, and drying. can be manufactured.

In this case, in order to make the solid complete feed of the present invention have a bulk density of 500 kg/rn' or less, the water content of the raw material mixture during molding is an important point. In other words, in the production of conventional solid feed, the moisture content of the raw material mixture is reduced to 20 to 20%.
Although the bulk density was adjusted to about 25% by weight and molded, it is difficult to achieve a bulk density of 500 kg/rn' or less using this method. In producing the solid complete feed of the present invention, it is preferable to adjust the water content of the raw material mixture to 40 to 65% by weight, mold it, and then dry it to remove only the water content to form a porous structure. If the moisture content of the raw material mixture during molding is less than 40% by weight, the bulk density will become high and
If it exceeds 5% by weight, molding becomes difficult.

Adjustment of the moisture content of the above-mentioned raw material mixture during molding involves, for example, using raw materials with a low moisture content of about 10 to 20% by weight, such as rice husk, rice straw, barley can, hay, and bark, and tofu dregs, soy milk dregs, Water content such as beer grounds 60-90% by weight
This can be easily done by mixing raw materials with a moderately high moisture content and averaging the moisture content. However, it may be adjusted by a method such as adding and mixing water to the raw material mixture.

Further, drying can be performed by various means such as ventilation drying and far infrared rays. This is the same for both solid complete feed and solid feed. Note that it is preferable that the drying temperature does not exceed 100° C. in order to prevent the destruction of nutrients such as vitamins.

By controlling the moisture content to preferably 15% by weight or less, the feed of the present invention can be obtained.

"Embodiments of the invention" Example 1 (Preparation of feed) Feed (A); ammonia-treated rice hulls, tofu dregs,
Beat Valve, Nikon (two kinds of mixed corn), Charasaba, salt, and Premix (product name) are mixed in a mixer, formed into granules with a diameter of approximately 8 mm using an extrusion molding device, and heated and dried with hot air to reduce the moisture content to 14. A solid complete feed expressed as % by weight was obtained. This feed contained 18.7% by weight of ammonia-treated rice hulls and 30.0% by weight of tofu dregs in terms of dry weight.
The composition is 5.7% by weight of Beat Valve, 37.0% by weight of Nikon, 5.0% by weight of Charasaba, 1.0% by weight of salt, and 2.6% by weight of premix, and the bulk density is 400% by weight.
kg/m'. Note that the premix is a commercially available feed additive containing Moneran F20, Zembitan F, sodium hydrogen carbonate, calcium carbonate, and dicalcium phosphate.

Feed (B): On the other hand, for comparison, a commercially available concentrate feed and hay were prepared and tested together with the above feed. Does this concentrated feed have a bulk density? 90 kg/rn".

(Cow fattening) The above feed (A
) every day and were fattened until they were 20 to 22 months old. Feed was given to the cows until they were satiated, and the cows were kept tethered to suppress movement. As a result, cows with a finishing weight (average) of 872 kg were obtained at 21 months of age.

On the other hand, three cows of the same bloodline born at the same time were given a feed (B) consisting of commercially available concentrate feed and hay as control cows.
The animals were fattened under the same conditions. As a result, a cow with a finishing weight (average) of 714 kg was obtained after 20 months.

In addition, the amount of feed eaten by one cow per day is 8.18 kg/day in the case of feed (A), on average throughout the entire fattening period.
1 head per day, and 10.15 k for feed (B)
g/day/1 head.

(Evaluation of meat quality) The evaluation of meat quality is carried out by graders at the strata field, and the grading is as follows:
It is based on two grading standards: the Japan Meat Association and major mass retailers. The grading standards are based on carcass appearance evaluation for uniformity, meatiness, fat adhesion, and finish, and meat quality evaluation for marbling, fat adhesion, and finish.
Flesh color, texture, and lipid color are evaluated for each item, and the total of these evaluations is 100 points, with 58 points or less being average, and 60 ~
A score of 74 was evaluated as medium, and a score of 75 or higher was evaluated as high. The results are shown in the table below.

(See the margins below) As is clear from the table, the meat from cows fattened using feed (A) has less wasted intermuscular fat, and conversely, high-value intramuscular fat, so-called marbling, is observed. The meat quality was also evaluated as good. On the other hand, in the cattle fattened using feed (B), no marbling was observed and the meat quality was not evaluated very well.

Example 2 By the same method as in Example 1, various complete solid feeds having the following compositions, bulk densities, and moisture contents were prepared. When cattle were fattened using these feeds in the same manner as in Example 1, evaluations similar to those of feed (A) were obtained in both cases.

Feed (C); ・Rice straw 5.0% by weight・Soybean milk cake 44.0% by weight・Nikon
33.0% by weight Φ beet pulp
1.4% by weight, soybean meal
13.0% by weight/salt
1.0% by weight/premix 2.6
Weight%/Bulk density 380 kg
/ m"ΦMoisture 14% Feed (D); - Ammonia-treated barley can 8.0% by weight - Soybean milk cake 40.0% by weight eBeet pulp 28.4% by weight - Nikon
16.5% by weight, soybean meal
3.5% by weight/salt
i, o weight%・Premix 2.6% by weight・Bulk density 440kg/m'
・Moisture 14% Feed (E); ・Hay 5.0% by weight ・Beer grounds 40.0% by weight ・Nikon
36.0% by weight, soybean meal
15.4% by weight/salt
1.0% by weight/premix 2
．． 8% by weight, bulk density 390kg
/mゝ・moisture 12% feed (F
); ・Bark 19.0% by weight ・Tofu dregs 30.0% by weight Fist Nikon
37.0% by weight φ beat valve 5.4% by weight・Chara mackerel
5.0% by weight/salt
1.0% by weight/premix 2.6
Weight% bulk density 410kg/m
'・Moisture 12% Example 3 (Preparation of feed) Feed (G): Ammonia-treated rice hulls and tofu dregs were mixed in a mixer, formed into granules with a diameter of about 8 cm using an extrusion molding device, and heated with warm air. Moisture 14% by weight when dried
A closed solid feed was obtained. This feed consisted of 35.0% by weight of ammonia-treated rice hulls and 6% tofu dregs on a dry weight basis.
It has a composition of 5.0% by weight and a bulk density of 600kg/rn
'Met.

(Cow fattening) The above feed (
In addition to G), beet pulp, challah mackerel, Nikon, salt, and Premix (trade name) were supplemented and fed daily, and the rats were fattened until they were 20 to 22 months old. Feed was given to the cows until they were satiated, and the cows were kept tethered to suppress movement. As a result, the finished weight in 22 months (average)
A cow weighing 880 kg was obtained.

When the meat quality of the beef thus obtained was evaluated, it was evaluated to be as good as feed (A) in Example 1.

Example 4 By the same method as in Example 3, various complete solid feeds having the following compositions, bulk densities, and moisture contents were prepared. Beet pulp, key to these feeds? When cattle were fattened in the same manner as in Example 3 by supplementing Nikon, salt and Premix (trade name), the same evaluations as feed (A) were obtained in both cases.

Feed (H); ・Rice straw 30.0% by weight・Soybean milk cake 70.0% by weight・Bulk density
550kg/m” own moisture
14% feed (■): - Barley can 30.0% by weight - Soybean milk cake 70.0% by weight - Bulk density
550 kg/m”・Moisture 14% Feed (J);・Hay 30.0% by weight・Beer grounds 70.0% by weight・Bulk density
550 kg/nf Moisture 14% feed (K); Bark (white birch) '35.0% by weight
・Tofu scraps 65. o Weight % fist bulkiness degree B OOkg / m'・
Moisture 14% feed (L); ・Sugar cane (hay) 35.0% by weight・
Tofu dregs 65.0% by weight, bulk density 550kg/m', moisture
14% feed (M); ・Vetch (hay) 35.0% by weight・
Tofu dregs 65.0% by weight, bulk density 550kg/m', moisture
14% feed (N); fist bagasse 30.0% by weight/tofu dregs 70. O weight% skewer bulk density
BOOkg/m'・Moisture
14% feed (0); ・Corn cob 30.0% by weight・Tofu meal 70.0% by weight・Bulk density 600 kg/m'・Moisture 14% feed (P); ・Pineable meal 35.0% by weight・Tofu dregs 65.0% by weight, bulk density 850kg/rn3 moisture
14% feed (Q); Cocoa shell 35.0% by weight, tofu cake 65.0% by weight, bulk density
850kg/rn'・Water
14% feed (R); ・Oil e-palm cake 35.0% by weight・Tofu cake 65.0% by weight・Bulk density
f150kg/rn'・Water
14% feed (S); ・Beet pulp 35.0% by weight ・Tofu cake 65.0% by weight ・Bulk density
f150kg/rn'・Water
14% Feed (T); - Hay 30.0% by weight - Tofu cake 70.0% by weight - Bulk density
550kg/m'・Water
14% feed (U); ・Soybean seed coat 30.0% by weight ・Tofu cake 70.0% by weight Bulk density
800kg/rn3・Water
14% feed (V); ・Cane top (tip of sugar cane) 30.0% by weight ・Tofu cake 70.0% by weight ・Bulk density
550 kg/m'・Moisture 14% ``Effects of the Invention'' As explained above, the feed of the present invention prevents cows from overeating and becoming overnourished, thereby reducing excess fat content. You can get less good meat. Furthermore, raw material costs can be reduced by using unused resources that are industrial waste.

Patent applicant: Morton Design Co., Ltd.

Claims (7)

[Claims] (1) A fibrous feed material with a crude fiber content of 15% by weight or more (dry matter equivalent) of 5% by weight or more (dry matter weight ratio), one or two selected from tofu grounds, soybean grounds, soy milk grounds, and beer grounds.
A solid complete feed characterized by containing 20% by weight (dry weight ratio) of seeds or more, and dried and molded to a bulk density of 500 kg/m^3 or less. (2) In claim 1, the fibrous feed materials include rice husk, rice straw, barley cane, hay, bark, sugarcane hay, sugarcane tips, vetch hay,
A solid complete feed comprising one or more types selected from bagasse, pineapple meal, cocoa shell, corn cob, oil palm cake, beet pulp, and soybean seed coat. (3) The solid complete feed according to claim 2, wherein the fibrous feed material is ammonia-treated rice hull or barley husk. (4) In claim 1, 2, or 3, the fibrous feed material is 15% by weight (dry weight ratio).
Solid complete feed containing the above. (5) A fibrous feed material with a crude fiber content of 15% by weight or more (dry weight) of 20% by weight or more (dry weight), one or two types selected from tofu residue, soybean residue, soymilk residue, and beer residue. A solid feed characterized by containing 50% by weight or more (dry weight ratio) of the above, and dried and molded to have a bulk density of 300 to 650 kg/m^3. (6) In claim 5, the fibrous feed materials include rice husk, rice straw, barley cane, hay, bark, sugarcane hay, sugarcane tips, vetch hay,
A solid feed containing one or more types selected from bagasse, pineapple meal, cocoa shell, corn cob, oil palm cake, beet pulp, and soybean seed coat. (7) The solid feed according to claim 6, wherein the fibrous feed material is ammonia-treated rice hull or barley husk.