JPH01196929A - Communication system for mobile body communication - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent tentative interruption during speech (communication) by devising the system such that a gate exchange comprising a channel control section and an ID identification storage section controlling a switch group connecting plural radio base stations and a telephone network and the plural radio base stations are made communicated simultaneously while they are moved within the service area. CONSTITUTION:The ID identification storage section 24 is provided respectively to the radio base stations 30-1, 30-2,-30-n and a gate change 20, and the location of a mobile radio equipment is registered in parallel based on the data of each radio base station. Then if there is a channel whose communication quality is deteriorated to a prescribed value or below amidst the communication between the plural radio base stations 30-1, 30-2,-30-n and the mobile radio equipment through plural channels for one and same communication content in parallel, other channel (new channel) satisfying the prescribed communication quality is selected, and the plural channels including the new channel are used to communicate one and same communication content without momentary interruption. Thus, uninterruptible channel switching during the talking (communication) between zones or within the zone is realized.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] [Industrial application field] The present invention relates to a communication system for mobile communication.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a communication system that can satisfy the communication quality when the communication quality deteriorates due to movement of a mobile terminal during communication in mobile communication using a small zone configuration.

More specifically, the aim is to provide a communication system with excellent frequency efficiency, communication quality, wireless line control ability, etc.

[Prior art] Generally, when performing mobile communication within a wide service area, one wireless base station covers the entire area and provides services.
The method for communicating with mobile objects within an area is called the large zone method. In contrast, the small zone method
An area is divided into multiple small areas, one wireless base station is installed in each divided area, and mobile wireless devices within each area communicate with these wireless base stations. It is.

The conventional small zone system is employed, for example, in the car telephone system of NTT (Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation), which is currently in commercial service. In this case, the mobile radio installed in the car moves away from the wireless base station of the other party as the car moves, and for example, if it becomes more than 5 to 7 touches from the wireless base station, the received electric field value of the radio wave decreases. Therefore, deterioration of call quality occurs. Therefore, in a small zone configuration, wireless base stations are installed within the service area at intervals of 10 to 12 touch points from each other, and therefore in the above case there is always another wireless base station near the current location of the vehicle (within 5 to 6 touch points). A station exists and uses another radio channel to continue the call between the new radio base station and the mobile radio. In the NTT system, a radio line control station is installed to control a large number of radio base stations and mobile radios, and the radio line control station controls the setting and cancellation of calls on radio lines. It is connected to the general telephone network via a barrier switch. When a deterioration in call quality occurs, the radio network control station makes multiple radio base stations around the mobile radio receive the radio waves transmitted by the mobile radio, and assigns a specific one of these radio base stations to communicate with the mobile radio. When it is determined that the desired call quality can be maintained by setting a new radio channel between the mobile radio and the radio base station, the new channel is set between the mobile radio and the radio base station.

FIG. 9 shows a conceptual diagram of the configuration of a conventional system that operates as described above, and will be described using this diagram.

In FIG. 9, each zone 14A, 14B, 14C, and 14D surrounded by four circles with a radius of about 5 to 7 touch points is the service area of the car telephone, and the mobile radio device 15 installed in the car is the zone. It is assumed that communication is in progress with the wireless base station 13A within the wireless base station 14A.

Since the automobile is traveling from zone 14A to zone 14C, the relative distance between radio base station 13A and mobile radio 15 is increasing.

Assuming that the communication is continuing and the car moves from zone 14A to zone 14C, the distance between the wireless base station 13A and the mobile wireless device 15 will be 5 to 7 touch points or more, and the input electric fields of mutually received radio waves will increase. The value decreases until the transmission quality falls below a certain level. This state of quality deterioration is constantly monitored by the radio network control station 12, and when the quality drops below a certain standard, the radio base stations 13B, 13C, and 13D in the vicinity of the radio base station 13A are Station 13A
and the mobile radio device 15 to measure the quality of the radio channel (assumed to be channel CH1) in use. The radio base stations 13B, 13C, and 13D that received this request each tune their own radio channel search receivers (not shown) to the channel CH1, receive the signal, and report the status to the radio network control station 12. Report to. Upon receiving this report, the radio network control station 12 sends the radio base station 13
Reception input electric field E8°E of B, 13C, and 13D,
Compare the values of and E and find that Eo>EB.

When CD Eo > E and EC confirms that a certain level of quality is ensured from the perspective of transmission quality, the radio network control station 12 considers the transition from zone 14A to zone 14C, and changes the zone. A procedure for disconnecting the wireless channel CH1 used by zone 14A and instead using an unused channel (assuming channel ct-+io) among the wireless channels available at wireless base station 13G in zone 14G. In other words, channel switching starts during a call.

Below are the references: Old and other "Car phone radio line control" Nippon Telegraph, Telephone and Telecommunications Research Institute Research and Practical Application Report VO1, 26,
No. 7 This will be explained with reference to page 1885.

(1) The channel switching signal uses a control line included in each transmission path 16 between the radio network control station 12 and each radio base station 13, and between each radio base station 13 and mobile radio device 15. This is a wireless communication channel.

(2) A channel switching signal is sent to the mobile radio 15 from the radio base station 13A with which communication was previously performed, and a radio continuity test tone is sent from the radio base station 13C, which is currently communicating with the mobile radio. It is sent to the mobile radio device 15.

(3) When the mobile radio 15 cannot receive the radio continuity test tone, it returns to the old communication channel set with the radio base station 13A and continues the communication.

The above (1) to (3) are the channel switching methods currently used by NTT during a call, but as is clear from these explanations, the caller, i.e., the car phone user, may experience the following noises during a call. It will be mixed in. That is, (a) the control signal for switching according to (1) above (in this case, a 300 bits/second digital signal) is inserted into the channel in progress after the other party's signal is disconnected; Since it appears in the output of the receiver, it is mixed into the call as an audible sound of about 300H2, and the call is interrupted during this time.

(b) During the call test described in (2) above, there is no noise, but there is no sound, and during this period, the other party's voice is not transmitted to you, and your own voice is not transmitted to the other party (call disconnection).

The duration of call interruption due to (a) and (b) above is C.7
~C, it is said to be 8 seconds. On the other hand, the radio network control station 12
Then, the wireless base station 13C is instructed to start a conversation with the mobile wireless device 15 using, for example, channel CHIO through the transmission path 16C between the two. Since this instruction is also carried out at the same time as the continuity test described above, from this moment on, the radio base station 13A ends communication with the mobile radio device 15, and the radio base station 13C instead communicates with the mobile radio device 15. start communication. Furthermore, the radio network control station 12 is connected to the telephone network 10.
For the barrier exchange 19 that forms the interface between
A request is made to switch the channel switch SW in the gateway exchange 19 for connecting each radio base station 13 to the telephone network 10 from the radio base station 13A to 130. That is, the A-4 switch is turned off (indicated by a blank triangle) using the communication path switch SW in FIG. 9), and the C-4 switch is turned on (indicated by a black triangle).

With the above operations, the mobile radio 15 can be used in the car to communicate with any telephone in the telephone network 10 and the car is in zone 1.
The call will continue no matter where the user moves to 4A, 14B, 14C, or 14D.

In this way, the user (caller) is given a technical guarantee that he or she can make a call anytime and anywhere within the service area while the car is in motion. That service is good.

Mobile communications that employ such a small zone configuration have become able to exhibit the following features that are not found in large zone systems.

(a) Effective use of frequencies through a so-called small zone configuration, in which the radio waves from one wireless base station are used only in a narrow area, and many wireless base stations are placed in the service area and the same frequency is used repeatedly. became possible.

(b) The advent of digital synthesizers has made it possible for mobile radios to switch between a large number of radio channels, up to several hundred. ! Since the technology for setting and controlling wireless links with base stations has been established, it has become possible to contribute to the effective use of frequencies (a>).

(C) The radio channel control technology necessary to efficiently control the settings of radio channels for making and receiving calls for a large number of mobile radio devices has been established. It is now possible to switch wireless channels during communication when changing zones during wireless communication.

[Problem to be solved by the invention] However, in the conventional method as illustrated in FIG.
The problem is that technical measures are insufficient or no measures have been taken, making users feel inconvenienced and unable to provide satisfactory services. It was necessary to promote effective use and improve service quality.

These problems will be explained below.

j) In order to make effective use of frequencies, it is necessary to reduce the zone radius of one zone in a small zone configuration, but if this becomes too small, mobile radios may
The probability of passing through two zones and moving to Haku's zone increases. As a result, it is frequently necessary to change the radio channel assigned to each zone during zone transition, and at this time, it is necessary to change the old radio channel to the new radio channel for both the radio base station and the mobile radio. Conventionally, this change was made by the radio network control station 12 (FIG. 9), but this change of channel caused a temporary interruption of communication, resulting in deterioration of communication quality.

11) There was an example in which mobile radio devices with different transmission powers were introduced into the same system and operated as devices within one system. This is, for example, a mobile radio installed in a car (in the case of an NTT car phone, the transmission output is 5W).
and a mobile phone that accesses a wireless base station for a car phone that users can carry outdoors (transmission output 1W in the case of Nchocho) are housed in the same system; Since the wireless equipment accommodated can be shared, it is possible to construct an economical system.

However, from the point of view of effective frequency use, it complicates the creation of rules for reusing the same frequency, which reduces the effectiveness of effective use, and the difference in transmission power levels The possibility of interference caused by other mobile radios increases. In order to prevent this, costs have increased and the effective use of frequencies has been compromised.

Reusing the same frequency can be dealt with by increasing the control capabilities, but there are limitations to this as well.
If the small zoning progresses beyond a certain point, it may become uncontrollable.
This results in a system that is not cost-effective at all.

Interference has not been solved by conventional methods and has been a major problem in conventional systems.

Therefore, from the standpoint of effective use of frequencies, there is a limit to the effective use of frequencies, and it has not been possible to meet the requirements in terms of utilization of limited radio wave resources.

iii) As the number of small zones progresses, there are many situations in which within a small zone served by one wireless base station, small zones served by an adjacent or the next adjacent wireless base station overlap, and conventional technology as a wireless line control technology When using
It could have gotten out of control.

This is because radio wave propagation characteristics are greatly affected (propagation loss) by topography and structures within one small zone. The effect of this is that in order to make effective use of frequencies, zones are becoming smaller, and the range of one small zone becomes smaller (radius of 1 KI).
! X or less), it becomes relatively large. In addition, relatively high-level transmitters are used in the radio base stations and mobile radios used to ensure good communication even in areas affected by terrain or structures. This means that in areas where there is no influence from terrain or structures, it becomes possible for a radio base station located far away to communicate with a mobile radio device located in another zone.

Therefore, the original concept that one small zone is managed by one wireless base station and that a wide plane that is the service area is covered by many small zones disappears, and many small zones are superimposed and one It was decided to form a service area.

As a result, in order to smoothly operate a small zone system in such a state, with the conventional technology, it is necessary to frequently set up, change, and cancel the wireless communication path, which reduces the capability of the wireless line control device. The result will be significantly higher. Therefore, it is practically impossible to secure a smooth communication path, and consideration has been given to the system configuration in order to avoid such a situation.

iv) In mobile communications, the communication quality changes greatly due to the influence of radio wave propagation characteristics as the mobile body moves, and in places where radio waves propagate poorly, communication quality is required for the system. There were problems such as the value falling below the specified value. In order to solve this problem, various measures have been taken by customers using the diapercity technology, but all of them have problems such as not only increasing the cost of the equipment but also impairing the effective use of frequencies.

Furthermore, call interruptions due to transition between zones during a call are considered to be a type of communication quality problem, and a solution was needed to ensure quality.

■) No measures were taken to deal with fluctuations in communication traffic within the system.

Communication traffic fluctuations within the system, for example, are usually extremely low in public communications late at night or early in the morning, during the day around 10 a.m. and between 2 to 3 p.m., and in car telephones.
A large pile of traffic can be seen between 5 and 6 o'clock, but if the system is designed to function satisfactorily even during the peak traffic hours, the system components will be idle during off-peak hours, resulting in high costs. If a system was constructed that was suitable for off-peak hours, the cost would be extremely low, but it would become unusable during peak hours, which would inevitably lead to a decline in serviceability.

In addition, when communication traffic is slow, idle facilities within the system are effectively used to provide high-quality services, and as traffic increases, the system is transitioned to regular service. They lacked the concept of using it. One reason for this is considered to be that the system cost would rise sharply if attempts were made to solve this problem using conventional techniques.

Furthermore, when all the transceivers of a radio base station are in use, conventional systems do not have the processing capacity to process even extremely short and regular signals such as device registration signals made up of mobile radios. This was a technical constraint on the progress of smaller zones.

vi) Conventionally, location registration of mobile units communicating was done by registering and processing only the data received at one wireless base station at the same time. In systems that are subject to frequent changes, or in systems where there are restrictions on the location registration method due to the effective use of frequencies, it may be impossible to receive a call to a mobile unit due to a defect in location registration.

This means that if the wireless transceiver installed at the wireless base station has only one channel, it must be used for control and communication in a time-sharing manner, and when communicating with a mobile wireless device, it must be used in the same zone. There was a significant negative impact when there was a location registration request from another mobile radio.

vii) The technology for providing mobile communication services using broadband signals was insufficiently mature and incomplete, causing inconvenience to users.

Conventionally, the mobile communication services that have been widely used have mainly been telephone, and those that use wide frequency bands, such as high-speed data signals, have rarely been used. This is because in mobile communication, the radio wave propagation characteristics change significantly as the mobile body moves, so there has been a lack of technology to properly receive wideband signals.

viii) Wireless line control ability and reliability were insufficient. Conventionally, wireless line settings, cancellations, and channel switching during a call were performed by a wireless line control station or wireless system control device that was installed to centralize control in one area within a certain area. Ta. Although this is effective in terms of unified management of line control through centralization, if a failure occurs in this system, it will cause a fatal accident in which the entire system will go down. Therefore, countermeasures such as duplication of hardware have been taken, but these have resulted in increased costs and have not produced satisfactory results.

ix) In conventional mobile communication on land, except in special cases, estimating the moving direction of a mobile object during communication has not been carried out due to technical difficulties. Therefore, it was not possible to obtain effective information such as the wireless line traffic situation in the area in the direction of movement, and problems remained in terms of effective frequency use and traffic management.

X) Momentary interruptions occurred when switching channels during calls between zones or within a zone, and this was also a major obstacle to creating smaller zones.

In the call channel switching method implemented by NTT, which was explained using FIG. It has the disadvantage that part of the signal (300 bits/second) is mixed in and is audible. If there is a temporary interruption in the call line or noise, it is not a big problem because it can be compensated for by listening again when the content of the call is voice, but it is not a big problem. When equipped with a facsimile terminal and used for sending and receiving,
If there is a channel change during operation, for example, in the case of a 1-minute facsimile, the C, 8/60 portion of the page will appear as a black line (or white line), indicating the received image.

The drawback was that the quality deteriorated significantly. Furthermore, in the case of data communication, for example, in a 1200 baud data signal, a signal of approximately iooo bits is lost, making it necessary to perform procedures such as retransmission.

In order to remove the annoying noise, there are methods such as silencing the channel while switching or using out-of-band signals, but even if the purpose of eliminating the annoying noise can be achieved, the line Since there is still a downtime, the problem remains that it is completely ineffective in eliminating the negative effects on facsimile and data signals.

[Means for Solving the Problems] A plurality of radio base stations including a radio transceiver and an ID identification storage unit, a group of switches connecting the plurality of radio base stations and a telephone network, and a call path control for controlling the group of switches. a gateway exchange including an ID identification storage unit and an ID identification storage unit, and a wireless reception device that simultaneously receives a plurality of channels in order to simultaneously communicate with a plurality of wireless base stations while moving within a service area covered by the plurality of wireless base stations. A system has been constructed that includes a mobile radio that includes a circuit and a radio transmission circuit that transmits multiple channels simultaneously.

[Operation] While multiple radio base stations and mobile radio devices are communicating the same communication content in parallel using multiple channels,
If a channel (old channel) whose communication quality falls below a certain value occurs, another channel that satisfies the certain communication quality
Communication with one wireless base station is switched to another channel (new channel), communication on the old channel is terminated, and the same communication content can be communicated without momentary interruption using multiple channels including the new channel. I made it. As a result, the following actions and effects could be obtained.

i) The reliability of location registration has been improved because each radio base station and barrier switch is equipped with an ID identification storage unit, and the location of mobile radio equipment is registered in parallel based on the data of each radio base station. .

ii) Since one channel among multiple channels whose communication quality has deteriorated is switched to a new channel, it is possible to achieve seamless channel switching during a call between zones or within a zone.

1ii) Ensuring good communication quality through the adoption of economical transmitting and receiving diversity, in other words reducing interference, and making new services using broadband signals technically possible.

iV) When traffic is slow, many channels are used for parallel communication, which makes effective use of radio equipment and improves communication quality.

V) Since each wireless base station is equipped with an ID identification storage unit and a function that enables simultaneous transmission and reception of multiple wireless channels through high-speed switching, it is possible to process location registration signals from mobile wireless devices even during peak traffic times. It became.

vi) Parallel communication of multiple channels improves the transmission characteristics of wideband signals, resulting in improved line quality.

vii) It became possible to estimate the direction and speed of movement of a mobile radio, making it possible to ensure communication in the destination zone and to carry out advance allocation of channels to be used in the mobile prospect zone.

viii) By distributing the functions of radio line control from the centralized system as in conventional systems to mobile radios or radio base stations, improved control processing ability and system reliability have been achieved.

[Embodiment] FIG. 1A, FIG. 1B, and FIG. 1C show an example of a system configuration for explaining an embodiment of the present invention.

In FIG. 1A, 10 is a general telephone network, which includes an exchange 11 for general telephones.

Reference numeral 20 denotes a gateway exchange for connecting the general telephone exchange 11 included in the telephone network 10 and the wireless system. The gateway switch 20 has a plurality of wireless base stations 30-1.
30-2. , 30-n and many mobile radios and telephones accommodated in the general telephone network 10, and transmits and receives control signals between each of the radio base stations 30-1 to 30-n. At the same time, the communication path control section 21 controls communication path setting cancellation, etc., and the connection between each wireless base station 30-1 to 30-n and the barrier exchange 20 and the exchange 11 is controlled by the communication path control section 21. It also includes a switch group 23 necessary for switching communication paths for making connections.

FIG. 1B shows a mobile radio 50 communicating with each radio base station 30-1, 30-2. The received signal received by the antenna section enters a radio reception circuit 68 that includes a reception mixer 63 and a reception section 53, and the output communication signal is inputted to a control section 58 and a telephone section 59. A communication signal output from the telephone section 59 is applied to a wireless transmission circuit 66 including a transmission mixer 61 and a transmission section 51, and the transmission signal is sent out from the antenna section and received by the wireless base station 30. Additionally, there is a communication quality monitoring unit 57 that constantly monitors the call quality during communication and reports it to the control unit 58 when it deteriorates, and a communication quality monitoring unit 57 that monitors the presence or absence of interference during communication and detects interference that exceeds a certain amount. If this happens, the interference detector 62 reports it to the control unit 58, the ID of the own mobile radio 50 is memorized, the ID/Roam An area information collation storage section 54 is provided with connections as shown.

This mobile radio device 50 includes a synthesizer 55-1.
．． 55-2. ..., 55-n and 56-1.56-
2. ..., 56-n, and selector switch 64-1.64
-2, and a reception switching controller 65C and a transmission switching controller 67C that generate signals for switching and controlling the changeover switches 64-1 and 64-2, respectively.
Synthesizers 55-1 to 55-n and 56-1 to 56-n
And, both cutting sound controllers 65C and 67C are controlled by the control section 58.
controlled by. Each synthesizer 55-1 to 5
A reference frequency is supplied from a reference crystal oscillator 71 to 5-n and 56-1 to 56-n.

FIG. 1C shows a radio base station 30 (for example, 30-1>) that communicates with the mobile radio a50, which has almost the same configuration as the mobile radio 50 shown in FIG. 1B, but has a different configuration. There are transmission and reception switching controllers 55-1 to 55-1.
55-n, 56-1 to 56-n, there is no changeover switch 64-1.64-2 for switching the synthesizer, and the ID
- There is no roam area information collation storage unit 54 (Fig. 1B), and the synthesizer is also used for reception and transmission 35-1.36-
1, and has an ID identification storage section 34 for identifying and storing ID numbers of the user and the called party, and has no telephone section 59 (FIG. 1B).
An interface 39 to the gateway exchange 20 that replaces
The point is that this is provided.

Each component corresponding to FIG. 1C and FIG. 1B will be listed below, and description of each function will be omitted. Here, the numbers in parentheses are the numbers of the corresponding components in FIG. 1B.

Transmitting section 31 (51) Receiving section 33 (53) Synthesizer 35-1 (55-1 to 55-n) Synthesizer 36-1 (56-1 to 56-n) Communication quality monitoring section 37
(57) Control unit 38 (5B> Reference crystal oscillator 40 (71) Transmission mixer 41 (61) Interference detector 42 (62) Reception mixer 43 (63) Radio transmission circuit 46 (66) Radio reception circuit 48 (68) FIG. 1D shows another embodiment 30B of the radio base station 30 (for example, 3O-1) that communicates with the mobile radio device 50, which has a configuration different from that of the mobile radio device 50 shown in FIG. 1B. They are almost the same, but the difference is that they do not have an ID/roam/area information collation storage unit 54 (FIG. 1B), but instead have an ID identification storage unit 34 for identifying and storing the ID numbers of the user and the called party. , there is no telephone section 59 (FIG. 1B), and an interface 39 to the gateway exchange 20 is provided instead of the telephone section 59.

Each component corresponding to FIG. 1D and FIG. 1B is listed below, and description of each function is omitted. Here, the numbers in parentheses are
1B is the number of each corresponding component in FIG. 1B.

Transmitting section 31 (51) Receiving section 33 (53) Synthesizers 35-1 to 35-n (55-1 to 55-n) Synthesizers 36-1 to 36-n (56-1 to 56-rl) Communication quality monitoring section 37 (57) Control unit 38B (58) Reference crystal excavator 40 (71) Transmission mixer 41 (61) Interference disturbance detector 42 (62) Reception mixer +) 43 (63) Radio transmission circuit 46 (66) Radio reception circuit 48 (68) FIG. 1E shows another embodiment of the radio base station 30, in which a radio base station 30C including a plurality of transceivers shares an antenna sharing device 96 and a radio base station controller 32. Transceivers 90-1 to 90-m for telephone calls, the wireless receiving circuit 48 and the communication quality monitoring unit 37 shown in FIG. 1D
m communication quality monitoring receivers 93-1 having both functions.
93-m and a control transceiver 94 dedicated to a control channel for control signals are shown, and are connected to the telephone network 10 via the barrier exchange 20.

Transmission/reception 1fi90-1 to 90-m used in Figure 1E
The configuration of one of the transmitter/receivers 90 is shown in FIG.
The connection relationship with is shown.

The transmitter/receiver 1fi 90 shown in FIG. 1F has almost the same configuration as the wireless base station 30B shown in FIG. The oscillator 40C is shared.

Since such a configuration is used for the transmitting/receiving devices 1190-1 to 90-m in FIG. 1E, the changeover switch 44-1
．． 44-2, if one specific synthesizer is selected from among the synthesizers 35-1 to 35-n and 36-1 to 36-n, the number of radio base stations 30C shown in FIG. 1E is m. channels can be transmitted and received simultaneously.

In addition, a changeover switch 44-1゜44 for transmitting and receiving 1490
-2 to chop the synthesizers 35-1 to 35-n and 36-1 to 36-n at high speed and repeatedly switch them, one transceiver 90 can simultaneously transmit and receive n channels. It is possible to do so. therefore,
The radio base station 30C in FIG. 1E can simultaneously transmit and receive up to mxn channels.

Another embodiment of the mobile radio 50 is shown in FIG. 1G.

The difference between the mobile radio device 50B shown in FIG. 1G and the mobile radio device 50 shown in FIG.
3, a reception mixer 73 and a C/N measuring reception section 52 are provided, and both reception mixers 63 and 73 have switching controlled by a reception switching controller 65C and a control section 58B, respectively. Switches 64-1 and 6
The outputs of the synthesizers 55-1 to 55-n are applied to the transmitter mixer 61 via the transmitter 4-3.
The point is that the outputs of the synthesizers 56-1 to 56-n are applied through the changeover switch 64-2 controlled by the switch 64-2.

The mobile radio device 50B shown in FIG. 1G has a function of having a particularly remarkable reception diversity effect. A part of the reception signal received by the antenna section of the mobile radio device 50 is added to the reception mixer 73. Outputs from synthesizers 55-1 to 55-n are added as local excavation frequencies to reception mixer 73 via changeover switch 64-3.

This changeover switch 64-3 is different from other changeover switches 64-
It is not necessary to switch at a high speed like 1 or 64-2, and a low switching speed of about 10H2 is sufficient, for example. The selector switch 64-3 changes the output of the synthesizer 55-1 to 1.
q, the C/N value (carrier-to-noise ratio value) of channel CH1 measured by the C/N measurement receiving section 52 is transmitted to the control section 58B. Then, selector switch 64-
3 is in a position to obtain the output of synthesizer 55-2, the C/N value of channel CH2 is measured. When the output of the synthesizer 55-n is turned on in the following cases, the C/N value of CHn is measured and transmitted to the control unit 58B. The control unit 58B uses these values to control the switching frequencies of the reception switching controller 65C and the transmission switching controller 67C so that they each operate at a speed inversely proportional to the C/N value, for example.

Next, a system for further increasing the receiving diversity effect will be described. FIG. 1H shows an example of the configuration of the mobile radio device 50C in this case.

In FIG. 1H, the input radio waves (input signals) to the mobile radio device 50C are divided into n equal parts by the antenna input section, and are divided into n equal parts by the radio receiving circuits 68-1, 68-2, . ....

68-n. Each radio receiving circuit 68-1 to 68-
receive mixers 63-1, 63-2 . ...
, 63-n, receiving section 53-1.53-2°..., 53
-n is provided, and reception mixers 63-1 to 63
-n respectively have synthesizers 55-1, 55-2.
..., the local oscillation frequency from 55-n is input.

Therefore, in the configuration shown in the same figure, there is no reception changeover switch 64-1 shown in FIG.
It is possible to receive and demodulate signals of 1, CH2°, . . . , CHn. In addition, these receiving sections 53-1 to 53-n
A part of the output signal is sent to the control unit 58C, and another part is added to the mixing circuit 69 and processed in the same way as in a normal diversity receiver (in this case, synthesis after detection). It is sent to the telephone section 59. In addition, each receiving section 53-1~
A part of the output of 53-n is sent to the communication quality monitoring unit 57, respectively.
-1 to 57n, and their outputs are applied to the control section 58C, respectively.

FIG. 1■ shows a mobile radio device 50D that is different from the mobile radio device 500 shown in FIG. 51-
1 to 51-n, and a signal to be transmitted is commonly connected and applied to each transmitting section 51-1 to 51-n, and a control section 58D The outputs from the synthesizers 56-1 to 56-n, each controlled to generate a designated frequency, are applied to the respective transmission mixers 61-1 to 61-n. This mobile radio device 50D can continuously transmit a plurality of radio channels without chopping them using the changeover switch 64-2, unlike the mobile radio device 50C (FIG. 1H).

By adopting the circuit configuration as shown in FIGS. 1H and 11, it is possible to obtain a large diversity effect.

Mobile radio equipment 50 (B, C, D) and radio base 830 (B
, C) For control signals with the gateway exchange 20, a control channel dedicated to control signals may be used, or a signal outside the speech signal band may be used.

In order to transmit this control signal outside the communication (speech) signal band, specifically, when the control signal is an analog signal, a second
As shown in figure (a), the communication channel band C, 3 to 3
．． Low frequency fDO outside 0KH2 (e.g. about 100H
2> or higher frequency fD1=fD2. fD3””D
8 (for example, 8 waves from 3.8 KHz to C, 4.5 KH2 at 1 Kl-IZ intervals).

When there are many items to be controlled, that is, many control data, the control frequency f. It is also possible to further increase the number of waves of 0" f08, or to adopt a subcarrier format. In this case, for example, frequency modulation may be applied to one or more waves of f.0" f08, Alternatively, more control data can be transmitted by applying amplitude modulation.

Furthermore, when a digital data signal is used as a control signal, it is also possible to digitally encode the audio signal and time-division multiplex the two to be transmitted.
Shown in Figure (b). FIG. 2(b) shows an example of a case where an audio signal is digitized by a digital encoding circuit 91, and the audio signal is multiplexed with a data signal by a multiplex conversion circuit 92, and then applied to the modulation circuit of the transmitter 31. A similar multiple transformation is
Of course, this is also possible in the mobile radio t150.

Below, the functions of the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>), the radio base station 30 (B, C), and the gateway exchange 20 will be sequentially explained.

(A>Mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D> First, among the functions provided by the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>), the function of the control unit 58 (B, C, D>) will be explained. Control unit 5
8 (B, C, D) has the following basic functions.

i) Commands the wireless transmission circuit 66 of the own mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D> to emit or stop radio wave transmission, and controls the transmission power level.

ii) Instruct the radio receiving circuit 68 of the own mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>) to receive radio waves or stop it.

1ii) Instructing the telephone unit 59 whether or not to send a dial signal and instructing the transmission/reception of voice.

iv) Synthesizer groups 55-1 to 55-n and 56-
Oscillation frequency (channel) designation, oscillation command and stop command for 1 to 56-n.

■) Control commands to the reception and transmission switching controllers 65C and 67G.

vi) Determining whether or not to change one or more channels to be used based on information from the communication quality monitoring unit 57.

vii) Determining whether or not to change the channel to be used based on information from the interference detector 62.

viii) Confirm the ID of the other party to communicate with and determine the channel to be used based on the information from the ID/roam area information verification storage unit 54.

ix) Transfer of a communication channel to a mobile radio device with a higher service type. In other words, VIP (important subscriber) is an ID
In addition to this, information is stored in order of VIP status, for example, in ascending order of numbers, and it is possible to distinguish it from other players. Also, in the case of IP comrades, priority will be given to the younger number.

×) For the reception (transmission) switching controllers 65C and 67C,
Determination of on/off duty conditions.

xi) being higher than the radio base station 30 in terms of control decisions; This means that when there is a disagreement with the radio base station 30 regarding control decisions, it is possible to exercise initiative over the radio base station 30.

×11) Mobile radio device 50 (movement direction of B, C, D>,
Estimation of movement speed.

Next, by using the functions i) to xii) in combination, the corresponding applied functions can be provided.

1) The ID roam area information collation storage unit 54 checks the radio channels used by other mobile radios and other radio base stations operating in the vicinity of the own mobile radio 50 (B, C, D>).
It is stored in the memory and used when making a call or switching communication channels.

2) As one application of the functions x) and xi), when call traffic is congested, the number of channels used for communication at the same time is eliminated, calls are suppressed, and channels in use are disconnected or recommended for early termination.

3) Using the functions of t), vi), and vii), set the optimum transmission level for the own mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D).

4) One application of the function in 3) is to determine the optimal signal speed for digital signal transmission.

5) Determine the optimal channel to use depending on the type of communication (telephone, fax data, etc.).

In addition, the control functions associated with transition to another zone include: 6) Selection of a new wireless base 830 after switching channels during communication.

At this time, the new radio base 830 is selected taking into consideration the moving direction of the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D).

7) For the gateway exchange 20, request the wireless base station 30 to open and close the switch group 23 of the communication path and to use the communication path in parallel.

To express the above control function in one word, it means that a part of the function of the radio network control station 12 in FIG. 9 used in the prior art is accommodated in the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>). This becomes possible only by using VLSI technology, which has recently made remarkable progress, and can be described as making mobile radio equipment intelligent.

However, even if mobile radios are made intelligent using conventional technology, there are limits to their effectiveness.
In particular, it has no effect on improving radio line control ability or eliminating instantaneous interruptions when switching channels during a call, and it is only through the use of the method of the present invention that it becomes intelligent in both name and reality.

(B) Wireless base station M30 (B, C) Devices each having the following functions are set in the wireless base station 30.

a) Each radio base station has a small number of dedicated radio transceivers (usually one) for transmitting and receiving control channels, and a number of dedicated communication channels corresponding to the number of communication channels assigned to that radio base station. A wireless transmitter/receiver is installed. For example, assume the wireless base station 30C in FIG. 1E. The number of communication channels to be allocated to one wireless base station 30C is:
Mobile radio 1N50 existing in the small zone it is responsible for
(B.

The optimum value is given by the call traffic in C).

If the area of the zone is large and there are many mobile radios in the area, the call traffic will inevitably increase, so at least one control channel and multiple call channels are required, and the transmitter/receiver 90 (Figure 1F)
Naturally, a plurality of numbers are required. NTT's car phone system provides two control channels and up to six
There is an example in which about 0 communication channels are allocated.

However, the size of the zone gradually became smaller, and finally the above-mentioned document, Ito "Proposal of Mobile Telephone System," Communications Society of Japan, Communication System Study Group Material C5-86-8B, 1986, 1
As shown in January, when it comes to a very small zone with a radius of about 25 meters, the wireless base station that handles this area as a service area has to choose the wireless channel installed there from the viewpoint of call traffic, method, and cost. In some cases, control and telephone calls are each handled as one function, and the radio equipment that covers these functions has one transmission and reception function.

In other words, one transmitter/receiver is used for both control and communication (see Figure 1D). What's more, this dual-purpose system is different from the conventional system in that when a call is made from a certain mobile radio, it is initially handled using the control channel, and after specifying a free call channel, it also changes to the call channel itself and repeats the same call. It is not a simple method of communicating with a mobile radio, but as will be explained later, it uses a communication channel with one mobile radio and does not interfere with the radio frequency signals being transmitted and received even during communication, as will be explained later. By repeatedly switching between the communication channel and the control channel at such a switching speed, it is possible to accept calls to and from mobile radios 50 (B, C, and D) that wish to make and receive new calls, and to make it possible to make and receive calls. A feature of the present invention is that it has additional functions.

As explained above, there are various possible configurations of the wireless base stations 30 (B, C), and the present invention is applicable to all of them.

However, in the radio base station 30 of FIG. 1A, only one set of transmitter/receiver is shown, and the rest are omitted.

b) The transmitter/receiver dedicated to communication channels installed in each radio base station 30 (B, C) is capable of receiving one channel out of a plurality of radio channels among the radio channels assigned to that radio base station. Of course, in zones with severe traffic fluctuations, one transmitter/receiver 119 installed in the wireless base station 30C (Fig. 1E')
0 has a configuration as shown in FIG. 1F. That is, the configuration of the portion that transmits and receives radio signals is substantially the same as that of the mobile radio device 50 shown in FIG. 1B. As a result, the call traffic in this ° zone increases, and even in the wireless base station 30C, where ml of transceivers 90 are installed to normally provide m-channel communication, due to the increase in call traffic, communication of m or more channels is not possible. If necessary, one transmitter/receiver 9 constituting the wireless base station 30C
0, the synthesizer 35-1.
In addition to 1, there are 35-2.35-3. ..., 35-n and 36-2.36-3. ..., 36-n and changeover switches 44-1 and 44-2 are operated. This allows the conventional m
What was previously possible to transmit and receive channels now becomes capable of transmitting and receiving up to mxn channels. The number of channels that can be used simultaneously increases dramatically.

However, the transmission power of each channel will decrease depending on the number of switches unless a power amplifier is installed at the output of the transmission mixer 61, so it is necessary to pay attention to this point, and the total number of channels given to the system will decrease. It becomes the upper limit. Alternatively, if interference is to be caused to a channel that is communicating in another zone, the number of channels less than that is the limit.

The radio base station 30B in FIG.
0 (Even during communication using communication channels with B, C, D>, the communication channel and control channel are repeatedly switched at a switching speed that does not interfere with the transmitting/receiving radio frequency as described above. By doing so, it is possible to accept the call operation and make it possible to make and receive a call even for the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>) that newly requests to make and receive a call.

This will be further explained below using FIG. 1F.

The control unit 38C has the following basic functions.

:) Instruct the transmitter 31 of the transceiver 90 included in the own radio base station 30C to emit or stop transmitting radio waves, and control the transmission power level.

ii) Instructing the receiving unit 33 of the own radio base station 30C to receive or stop radio waves.

iii> Notification to the gateway exchange 20 of whether dialing signals can be sent or not, and notification of whether voice transmission/reception is possible.

iv) Synthesizer groups 35-1 to 35-n and 36-
Specify the emission frequency (channel), excavation command, and stop command for 1 to 36-n.

■) Control commands to the reception and transmission switching controllers 45 and 47.

vi) Judgment of suitability for changing channels to be used based on information from communication quality monitoring receivers 93-1 to 93-mhs, etc., and mobile radio 150 receiving quality information (B.

Determine whether or not to transmit to C, D>.

vii) Determining whether or not to change the used channel based on information from the interference detector 42.

viii) Confirmation of the ID of the other party to communicate with and determination of the channel to be used based on the information from the ID identification storage unit 34C.

ix) Based on a request from a mobile radio with a higher service type, the mobile radio 50 that is currently on a call (B.

Aim to end communications with C and D) early. Or terminate immediately.

X) Determination of on/off duty conditions for the reception and transmission switching controllers 45 and 47.

xi) Regarding control decisions, mobile radio 50 (B, C.

D) be of lower rank. This concerns control decisions;
When the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>) is different, the initiative is transferred to the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>. However, regarding xi), it is specified for convenience of explanation. In the actual system, the wireless base station 30
There is no problem in giving the initiative to the project (it is possible to implement it).

X1i) As already explained in a) and b), in the case of a radio device that serves both a communication channel and a control channel, the first D
As shown in the figure, a plurality of synthesizers 35-1 to 35-
A mobile radio device 50 that desires to make and receive new calls by repeatedly switching between a communication channel and a control channel at a switching speed that does not interfere with the radio frequencies for transmitting and receiving signals. (It must also have a function that allows calls to be made and received from B, C, and D> as well as to enable calls.

Next, by using the functions 1) to xii) in combination, the following applied functions are provided.

1) Store in the ID identification storage unit 34G the radio channels used by other radio base stations in operation or other mobile radios near your own radio base station 30 (B, C), and make a call or Used when switching channels during communication.

2) As an application of the functions x) and xi), when call traffic is congested, suppressing calls, disconnecting channels in use, or issuing recommendations for early termination.

3) Using the functions of i), vi), and vii), setting the optimum transmission level in the own radio base station 30.

4) One application of the function in 3) is to determine the optimal signal speed for digital signal transmission.

5) Determine the optimal channel to use depending on the type of communication (telephone, fax, data, etc.).

In addition, the control functions associated with transition to another zone include: 6) Mobile radio device 50 (B, C) that wishes to switch channels during communication.
, D>, communication of reception quality data and selection as the new wireless base station 30 (B, C),
Start of communication.

In this case, in order to check whether the channel that has been used between the radio base 830 and the mobile radio 50 can be used as the radio channel to be used, we cooperate with the mobile radio 50 to obtain the latest information. I will provide a. In other words, wireless base station 3
0, the status of wireless channels used in the surrounding area can always be investigated by scanning (sweeping) the frequency generated by the synthesizer of the wireless receiving circuit 48, and therefore empty channels can also be constantly updated. It is possible to do so.

Although it is naturally possible to use this technique in the mobile radio device 50, it may be omitted depending on the system, and in that case, the information from the radio base station 30 described above will be utilized.

Alternatively, depending on the system, if the wireless base station 30 does not store this investigation result and all information is left to the ID identification storage unit 24 of the barrier exchange 120, the barrier exchange 2
It is possible to reach the goal by issuing a request for information inspection to 0.

7) For the barrier switch 20, the mobile radio 50 (B,
Based on the request from C, D>, switch group 2 of the communication path
3 opening/closing and request for parallel use of communication paths.

8) After performing channel switching during a call, the ID and call channel number of the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D) with which communication has been performed is stored for a certain period of time.

9) Each radio base station 30 that received a location registration signal (using control channel) from mobile radio@50 (B, C, D>
Based on the report from (B, C), the mobile radio 50
The IDs (self-identification information) of (B, C, D) are stored in the ID identification storage unit 24 via the communication path control unit 21 included in the barrier switch 20. In this case, in the present invention, location registration requests are made from a plurality of wireless base stations 30 (B, C).
The quality (S/N) of the signal received by the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>).

Decibel values such as C/N are also stored.

10) Each radio base station 30 (which has received a calling signal (using a control channel) from the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>)
Based on the report from B, C), the radio base station with the best received signal quality or the next best radio base station 30 (B, C) or mobile radio device 50 (B.

By detecting the moving direction, speed, etc. of C, D>, a wireless base station 30 (B, C) of a new zone is selected in anticipation of the destination zone. The mobile radio device 50 (B, C
, D>, which is not used at that time. For wireless base stations with degraded communication quality, mobile wireless devices 50 (B, C, D>
Sends a command signal to stop communication with.

To express the above control functions in one word, some of the functions of the radio network control station 12 in FIG.
0 (B, C), it is possible to accommodate all the functions of the radio network control station 12, making it possible to abolish the radio network control station 12.

However, even if the wireless base station 30 is made intelligent using conventional technology, there is a limit to its effectiveness, especially when it comes to improving the ability of wireless line control or eliminating instantaneous interruptions when switching channels during a call. This means that it is not effective, and that it becomes intelligent in both name and reality only by using the method according to the present invention.

(C) Gateway Switch 20 The barrier switch 20 having the configuration shown in FIG. 1A is a mobile radio device 50 in the mobile communication system according to the present invention.
(B, C) - (Function of ID identification storage section 24), sets a communication path between the mobile radio devices 50 (B, C), and switches under the control of the communication path control section 21. The communication path control unit 2 executes opening/closing of the group 23 and sets communication paths for calls to and from the mobile radios 150 (B, C) in the mobile communication system and the telephone network 10 outside the system.
1 is in charge of opening and closing the switch group 23 under the control of the controller 1.

The functions of the barrier switch 20 will be explained in detail below.

a) The self-identification information of the mobile radio device 50 whose location is registered with the radio base station 30 existing in the V-bis area covered by the gateway switch 20 is managed.

As already explained, the location registration of the mobile radio device 50 is performed by
Not one wireless base station 30 but multiple wireless base stations 30
This is all done in the ID identification storage unit 2.
4 will be memorized. In addition, this ID identification storage unit 2
4 stores the self-identification information of each radio base station 30 including its topographical position, so when the moving direction and moving speed of the mobile radio device 50 are known, as will be described later, this information is used as a gateway. By transmitting to the exchange 20, information necessary for selecting a new wireless base station 30 is provided to the mobile wireless device 50 or the wireless base station 30 when it becomes necessary to switch channels during a call. becomes possible.

Therefore, the mobile radio device 50 that has received this information can quickly determine the radio base station 30 with which it should newly communicate.

Furthermore, depending on the system, if the ID identification storage unit 24 of the gateway exchange 20 has a capacity that can store the wireless channels used by all the wireless base stations 30 managed by the gateway exchange 20, Providing mobile radio device 50 or radio base station 30 with information on radio channels that are suitable for use in making and receiving calls, that is, without causing radio wave interference, and when switching channels during a call, providing information on the new radio base station 30 with which to communicate. Along with the selection information, it is also possible to provide new wireless channel information suitable for communication.

b> Execution of the operation of the switch group 23 to be opened and closed in connection with a call from the mobile radio 50 (B, C, D), and when the called party is included in the telephone network 10, the barrier Transfer of information necessary for setting up a call with the called party addressed to the exchange TFI 20.

C) When an incoming call signal to mobile radio 50 (B, C, D> is transmitted from a caller included in telephone network 10 via barrier switch 20, The called mobile radio device 50 (B,
Confirm the current position of C, D>.

d) In connection with an incoming call to a mobile radio 50 (B, C, D), a radio base station 30 (B, ,
An instruction to send a call signal to C). First, this calling signal is sent to all the radio base stations 30 (B, C) whose current locations of the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>) are registered, and each radio base station 30 ( In B, C), the mobile radio 50 (B, C, D) uses the downlink control channel.
Sends an incoming call signal to the destination at the same time. However, this transmission time does not necessarily have to be the same time, and each wireless base station 30
(B, C) may be transmitted sequentially in chronological order.

In other words, it is only necessary to take measures to avoid interference caused by signal time differences.

e) After mobile radio equipment 50 (B, C, D> starts talking, if the communication traffic situation within the system allows it, determines whether to implement transmit/receive diversity and instructs to perform the operation.

f) Mobile radio device 50 performing transmitting/receiving diversity (
Regarding B, C, and D), if the traffic increases, or if an important subscriber makes a call or a person requesting broadband signal service appears at that time, the multiplicity of transmitting and receiving diversity (the number of channels used) will decrease, or Determining and executing diapercity suspension.

q) Depending on the system, the mobile radio 1150, the radio base station 30, or both may memorize empty radio channels necessary for making and receiving calls, but may store empty radio channels that are in use or unused at nearby radio base stations 30. In some cases, the channel information is not stored, and in such a case, this information is stored in the mobile radio 1f 150 or the radio base station 30.
Since it is sent from , it is memorized and constantly updated. The latest information is then provided in response to requests from the mobile radio device 50 and the like.

h) According to items a) to g), the mobile radio device 50 (
B, C, D> may be within the same zone or change zones as they move from place to place, and the line base station 30 (
If the communication quality with B or C) deteriorates, it is determined whether to switch the channel during communication (busy) for that channel.

Note that in order to perform this operation, the opposing wireless base station 3
It is necessary to send a control signal to 0 (B, C), but this communication (control signal) uses the communication channel as shown in Fig. 2 (a) and uses the upper or lower frequency band of the communication signal frequency band. This is done using

i) By moving the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D), each radio base station 30 (B, C) that is communicating with the opposite
The measurement results of changes in reception quality of mobile radio [50 (B, C,
D), the mobile radio 50 (B,
The moving direction and moving speed of the mobile radios (B, C, D) were estimated, and the radio base station 30 (B.

C), and if necessary, the mobile radio equipment 50 (B, C) that is communicating with these radio base stations 30 (B, C).
, D> is determined and executed.

Next, the operation of the entire system will be explained in the order of the following items.

(1) Location registration (2) Call origination operation (3) Call reception operation (4) Application of diversity during times of low traffic (5) Explanation and rationale for channel switching during a call and the diversity effect.

(6) Estimation of moving direction and speed of mobile radio equipment and communication channel allocation method for traffic congestion countermeasures.

(7) Processing calls to and from mobile radios that are moving at high speed.

(1) In the home area where the location registration mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D) is permanently installed, or in the roam area which is an area within the service other than the home area, the gateway switch 20 and surrounding wireless While the base stations 30-1 to 30-n are operating, when the power switch of the mobile radio [50 (B, C, D) is turned on and starts operating, the first thing that is performed is a location registration operation] It is. The flow of this location registration operation is shown and explained in FIGS. 4A and 4B.

When the power switch of the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D> is turned on, a signal to start an operation for registering the current location is transmitted to nearby radio base stations, e.g., using an uplink control channel (CH). 30-1 to 3Q-n (S201, FIG. 4A).
, D> is received (3202>,
The radio base station 30 confirms that the mobile radio devices 50 (B, C, D) have started operating 3203>, and once confirmed (S203Y
ES) If the downlink control channel is off, it is turned on and permission to send a location registration signal is sent out using the downlink control channel (S204).

Upon receiving permission to send a location registration signal (S205>, the mobile radio devices 50 (B, C, D>) send out a location registration signal with their own ID (identification number) using the uplink control channel ( S206).Communication using this control channel is possible even in the wireless base station 30B shown in FIG. Even if the network is being used between multiple channels, multiple channels can be chopped at high speed and sent and received at the same time, so they are always secured.

Upon receiving the location registration signal (S207), the wireless base station 3
0 (B, C), the reception quality is inspected and the ID is stored in the ID identification storage section 34 (3208>. If the result of the reception quality inspection is above a certain value, ' is (S209YES)
, and FIG. 4B), and sends a location registration request signal to the gateway exchange 20 (3210). The gateway exchange 20 that has received this registration request signal (S21'1) registers that the reception quality and location are stored in the plurality of wireless base stations 30-1 to 30-n (3212>. This registration work When this is completed, a registration completion signal is sent (S213).

The wireless base station 30 (B, C
), the mobile radio device 50 (
Transfer to B, C, D>.

A registration completion signal was received (S215>Mobile radio 50
(3216
>.

With the above operations, the location registration operation is completed and the device enters a standby state for an incoming call.

Note that, as is clear from the above description, the mobile radio 150 (B, C) of the mobile communication system according to the present invention.

D) Location registration differs from conventional systems in that registration is performed at multiple locations (in units of wireless base stations).

This represents one feature of the present invention.

In addition, when storing location registration information, the radio base stations 30 (B, C) and the gateway exchange 20 measure the quality of the location registration signal sent from the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>). and store it including its value. Therefore,
For example, in the barrier exchange 120, the mobile radio device 30 (B,
To store the location registration signals of C and D), along with the ID of the wireless base station 30 (B and C) that had the highest reception quality,
For example, as shown below, they are stored in descending order of reception quality.

Table 1 Wireless base station Mobile radio equipment No. 1 Last release date, L! 2 Court S/N (C/N)
hours minutes seconds 30-1 50 50 1987
．． B, 1113, 24.56 30-2 50 45 1987. B,
1113, 24.56 30-3 50 35 1987. B,
1113, 24.56 30-4 50 30 1987. 'B
, 1113, 24.56 30-5 50 25 1987. B,
1113, 24.56 Similarly, each radio base station also stores not only information received by the radio base stations 30 (B, C), but also information received from surrounding radio base stations as shown in Table 1.

This occurs when a communication path is established between the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>).

D) Not only is this information useful when switching channels during calls as the mobile radio 50 moves, but also
(This is because it is necessary to estimate the moving direction, speed, etc. of B, C, D>.

For similar reasons as above, mobile radio 1150 (B, C
, D> also stores the same information as in Table 1.

Note that when the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D> performs a calling/terminating operation immediately after location registration, it is natural that the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>) shifts to the calling/receiving operation to be described later, but the calling channel) In preparation for the switching, the communication path control unit 21 and the switch group 23 are also designed to be able to start operating immediately.

In this case, cooperate with the request of the wireless base station 30 that needs to switch channels during a call, and provide the wireless base station 30 with information on the wireless channels currently in use in the surrounding wireless base stations 30, To enable smooth busy channel implementation.

Next, the mobile radio devices 50 (B, C, D) move from the zone where their location was registered while they are on standby (not talking),
Suppose that it has moved to an adjacent zone. For example, in a system where a control signal is constantly sent from the wireless base station 30' (B, C), this recognition of movement is done by using the ID of the wireless base station 30 (B, C) included in the received control signal. mobile radio 5
0 (B, C, D> can be identified by comparing it with the stored ID.

In a system in which control signals are not always sent from the wireless base stations 30 (B, C, D), the mobile wireless devices 50 (B, C, D) transmit signals from the surrounding wireless base stations 3 at predetermined time intervals.
0 (B, C) using the uplink control channel, and in response, each wireless base station 30
No Fj sent from (B, C)! Base station 30 (B
, C) and the ID information stored in the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D).

In any of the above systems, among the ID information of the radio base stations 30 (B, C) obtained as a result, the base station ID information previously stored in the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D) is If it is discovered that there is at least one new base station ID information that is different, the mobile radio 50
(B, C, D> are judged to have moved to the new zone,
The control unit 58 (B, C) (see FIG. 1B) updates the location registration in the ID roam area information verification storage unit 54. In other words, the mobile radio 5 uses the uplink control channel.
0 ID information of (B, C, D) is sent to the surrounding wireless base station 30.
Send to (B, C).

A plurality of wireless base stations 30 (B
, C), perform the same procedure as already explained,
The location registration signal of the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D) is sent to the gateway exchange 20. Gateway switch 2 that received this signal
0, the 10 identification storage section 24 in the own device is operated to rewrite the previous information to new information as the location registration information of the mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D>. 50 (B, C, D> location registration is updated.

The above update work is necessary because the mobile radio 1150 (B, C, D) is in standby mode, and if you move to a new zone during communication (talking), the update work is necessary because the mobile radio 1150 (B, C, D) is in standby mode. assigns new call channels to new wireless base stations (B, C
) and a mobile radio 50 (B.

C and D), the location registration is updated at the same time, so no special operation is required.

Note that in a system where the number of radio devices installed in the radio base stations 30 (B, C) is small and the radio devices for control channels are diverted to communication channels, the radio base stations 30 (
When B, C) is communicating with another mobile radio 50 (B, C, D>), if the conventional technology is used, there is no other radio on standby, so even if another mobile radio Even if a location registration request was issued from the mobile radio, the call was invalid. However, the configuration of the mobile radio equipment includes, for example, a plurality of synthesizers 55-1 to 55-n, 56-1 to 56- as shown in FIG. 1B. n
By providing a switch 64-1, 64-2, etc., the transmitting and receiving channel can be repeatedly switched while chopping, even if the mobile radio is already communicating with another mobile radio. It is possible to communicate with radio equipment via a control channel. Therefore, it becomes possible to accept location registration.

(2) Calling operation The calling operation from the mobile radio 50 (B, C, D) will be explained.

It is assumed that the mobile radio devices 50 (B, C, D) are powered on and the location registration described in section (1) has been completed. The calling operation when calling from a mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D) to another mobile radio device in the same system or a telephone accommodated in the telephone network 10 shown in FIG. 1A is currently performed as follows. Dial operations are performed in the same way as making a call from an existing car phone.

Then, the user lifts up the handset (hang-off) of the telephone section 59 of the mobile radio 50 shown in FIG. 1B. In this state, the mobile radio 50 controls the timing at which the calling signal sent from the mobile radio 50 should be sent to the uplink control channel (from the mobile radio 4150 to the radio base station 30 (B, C)). Part 58 knows. In the call waiting state before the call origination state, the downlink control channel (from the radio base station 30 (B, C) to the mobile radio 5
This is because the mobile radio device 50 has captured the control signal 0) and recognizes the timing when the control signal contained therein allows the call to be made.

Also, in mobile radio 50, all functions shown in FIG. 1B are active. In particular, synthesizer 55-1.55-
2. . . , 55-n is made to prepare for local frequency oscillation, but the selector switch 64-1 is kept fixed at the position where the synthesizer 55-1 is selected. Further, the control unit 58 sends a control signal to the synthesizer 55-1 to oscillate a locally excavated frequency for receiving the downlink control channel. On the other hand, radio base stations 30-1, 30-2. ..., 30-n, if there is only one radio in the radio base station, depending on whether or not it is communicating with another mobile radio, the next operation will be performed to determine whether the radio from the mobile radio 50 is It is working on receiving uplink control signals.

First, at the wireless base station 30 (B, C) that is communicating with another mobile wireless device at that time, the wireless base station 30 (B, C)
) reception and transmission switching controllers 65C, 67C,
and synthesizer 55-1゜55-2.56-1.5
6-2 is in operation, of which 55-1 and 56-1 output the local excavation frequency necessary for communication with other mobile radios, and synthesizers 55-2 and 56-2 output the local excavation frequency necessary for communication with other mobile radios. It outputs the local oscillation frequency that requires communication. Therefore, a call from a mobile radio device 50 located near the radio base station 30 (B, C) can be answered immediately.

Next, at that time, the radio base stations 30 (B, C) that are not communicating with other mobile radios and are on standby on the control channel can receive the reception state of the radio reception circuit 68 on the control channel. This is how it is fixed. Therefore, the wireless transmitting circuit 66 and the like are inactive, and the wireless receiving circuit 68,
Only synthesizer 55-1 is in operation.

Now, under the above conditions, the mobile radio device 50 transmits a call request signal. This call request signal including the ID of the mobile radio device 50 is created by the control unit 58 in FIG. 1B,
The signal is sent to the wireless transmission circuit 66. The radio transmission circuit 66 modulates the signal, and after amplifying it to an appropriate level, transmits it to the transmission mixer 61.
The signal is added to the antenna and sent to the wireless base station 30-1, etc.

The radio base station 30-1, etc. that has successfully received this signal inspects the content of the received signal and sends the radio base station 30-1
After confirming that the call is from the mobile radio 50 that has been stored in the ID identification storage unit 34 of the mobile radio 50 and whose location registration has been completed, In addition, a reply is sent to the mobile radio device 50 that made the call, requesting the mobile radio device 50 to determine the communication channel number to be used. If the mobile radio is not stored in the memory BS 34 of the radio base station 30-1,
At this point, remember and transfer this added information to the mobile radio 50.
Reply to However, in this case, the timing of the reply is related to the reception quality as described above so as not to interfere with replies from other radio base stations.

On the other hand, these surrounding radio base stations 30-1, 30-2.・
..., the mobile radio device 5 that received the response signal from 30-n.
0, the number of radio base stations to which diversity transmission and reception should be performed is determined by considering the call traffic state at that time. That is, radio base stations 30-1, 30-2. −． 30
- inspect the contents of the response signal from n, and select mobile radio 1150 from among those whose call quality satisfies a certain standard.
The radio base station 30-1.3O -2,...,3
Suppose that it is decided to communicate with 0-n. In this case, the mobile radio device 50 uses the uplink control channel to notify the radio base stations 30-1, 30-2°, . . . , 30-n of the call channel number to be used, and Request to wait.

In this case, the status of the wireless channels in use in the wireless base stations 30 existing in the vicinity is searched, and each wireless base station 30-1.
30-2. , 30-n should be assigned separate radio channels, or whether some of them should be assigned the same radio channel and others separate radio channels. As will be clear from the theoretical analysis described later, even if the same radio channel is assigned to a plurality of radio base stations 30 and received by the mobile radio device 50, the design is such that the radio carrier frequencies are substantially the same. Therefore, there is no occurrence of beat noise and good reception is possible.

In particular, as explained in section (7) below, mobile radio equipment 5
If 0 makes a call while moving at high speed, the moving speed can be easily detected as explained in section (6) below. The same communication channel as the wireless base station 30 is used. If radio wave interference occurs in another mobile radio device 50, the radio channel used by the other mobile radio device 50 is changed.

Now, the radio bases 830-1, 30-2. ....

30-n reports that each of the wireless base stations 30-1 to 30-n is on standby in the designated communication channel at the timing designated by the control signal.

Reports (transmissions) to the mobile radio device 50 from the plurality of radio base stations 30-1 to 30-n described above may be transmitted at the same time. However, in this case, it is necessary to set different occupied frequency bands outside the band and to allow the mobile radio device 50 to identify which radio base station 30 has transmitted the signal.

The flow of the calling operation is shown and explained in FIGS. 58 to 5E. However, only one radio base station 30 (30-1>) that communicates with the mobile radio device 5o is shown as a representative.The gateway switch 20 and the radio base station 30-1 have already started operation, and the mobile radio device 5o The device also starts operating and completes the location registration work explained in Figures 4A and 4B.The handset is picked up (off-hook), and the uplink control channel (CH) - A hook signal and the ID (identification number) of mobile radio@50 are sent (S221,
Figure 5A).

The radio base station 30-1 that received this sends the mobile radio 150
, and confirms that it is already stored in the ID identification storage unit 34 (3222).

Therefore, the radio base station 30-1 adds the reception quality value received from the mobile radio device 50 and the current empty channel number, and sends it as a call response signal using the downlink control channel (S223>).

The mobile radio device 50 that has received such a call response signal from a plurality of radio base stations 30 examines the value of reception quality from each radio base station 30, and selects a radio base station 30-, which is capable of diversity transmission and reception, for example. 1 to 30-n and check for empty channels (S224).

Therefore, the communication quality monitoring section 57 built into the mobile radio device 50 measures the moving speed of the mobile radio device 50, and reports this to the control section 58, which determines whether it is less than or equal to a certain value. (3225>.

If the measured value is below a certain value, it is determined that the user is not moving at high speed (3225No), and the communication channel to be used is determined for the selected wireless base stations 30-1 to 30-n. The specified signal is sent (S226, FIG. 5B). Here, channel CH1 is sent to the radio base station 30-1. The radio base station 30-1 receives the call specified by the mobile radio 50. After confirming that the channel is free, switch to that channel (S227),
A channel switching completion report is sent using the downlink control channel (S228). Upon receiving this switching completion report (S22
9) The mobile radio 50 waits for a dial tone on the designated communication channel (3230).

On the other hand, the radio base station 30-1 sends a calling signal to the barrier switch 20 (S231). Upon receiving this, the gateway switch 20 inputs the ID of the mobile radio device 50 and the communication quality.
D identification is stored in the storage unit 24, and under the control of the communication path control unit 21, the switch group 23, for example 5W1-1, is turned on to connect the wireless base station 30-1 to the exchange 11 of the telephone network 10 (S232).

Therefore, a dial tone is sent from the exchange 11 side via the switch group 23 of the barrier exchange 20 (S23
3>.

This dial tone is transferred by the radio base station 30-1 through channel CH1 (downlink) (S234), and is received by the mobile radio 50, confirming that a call has been set up (S235>.Moving Wireless @50 sends out the destination dial signal using channel C11 (upstream).
236, FIG.
A communication path to the destination is set up (3238).

Thereafter, a call is made using call channels CH1 to CHn (3239>).

When the call is completed, the handset goes on-hook (3
240>, an on-hook signal and a call termination signal are sent from the mobile radio 50 using channel CH1 (upstream) (
3241>. As a result, the radio base station 30-1 confirms the end of the call (5242) and notifies the gateway exchange 20 of the end of the call. Therefore, in the barrier switch 20, switch 5 of the switch group 23
WI-1 is turned off and the call ends (3243>).

In step 5225, if it is determined that the mobile radio device 50 is moving at high speed (3225YES), the control unit 58 uses the control channel (CH) to transmit the same signal to all surrounding radio base stations 30. Sends a designated signal to notify that a communication channel will be allocated (S246, 5th D)
figure). Here, some of the wireless base stations 30 in the vicinity may have started communication using the specified communication channel.
There are cases where there is a possibility of causing radio wave interference to other mobile radio equipment, but even in such cases, this mobile radio equipment 5
0 can forcibly allocate the same communication channel. As a result, if a situation occurs in which radio interference occurs to other mobile radios, the communication channel of the other mobile radio will be changed.

The radio base station 30-1 etc. confirms that the communication channel specified by the mobile radio 50 is free, switches to that channel (3247>, and sends a channel switching completion report using the downlink control channel). (8248>.

Upon receiving this switching completion report (3249>, mobile radio 5
0, wait for dial tone on the specified call channel (3250>).

On the other hand, the radio base station 30-1 and the like sends a calling signal to the barrier switch 20 (3251>).

Upon receiving this, the gateway exchange 20 receives the ID of the mobile radio device 50.
and the communication quality are stored in the ID identification storage unit 24, and the communication path control unit 21 controls the switch group 23, for example, 5W.
1-1 to connect the wireless base station 30-1 to the exchange 11 of the telephone network 10 (3252>).

Therefore, a dial tone is sent from the exchange 11 side via the switch group 23 of the barrier exchange 20 (325
3>.

This dial tone is transferred by the radio base station 30-1 or the like via channel CH1 (downlink) (3254>) and received by the mobile radio 50, confirming that a call has been established (S255>).

Mobile radio 150 sends the destination dial signal to channel CH
1 (uplink) 3256, Fig. 5E), and is transferred by the wireless base station 30-1 etc. (S257>,
The exchange 11 operates and a communication path to the destination on the telephone network 10 is established (8258). Then call channel C
A call is made using H1 <3259>.

When the call is completed, the handset goes on hook (S
260>, an on-hook signal and a call termination signal are sent from the mobile radio 50 using channel C)-11 (uplink) (S261>. This causes the radio base station 30-1 to confirm the end of the call 5262 ), and transmits the end message to the barrier switch 20. Therefore, in the barrier switch 20, the switches SW1-1 to SW1-n of the switch group 23 are turned off, and the call is terminated (3
263> A specific method for determining that the mobile radio 50 is moving at high speed in step 5225 will be described.

Generally, in land mobile communications, a radio base station 30 and a mobile radio device 5
Since communication is performed by setting up a wireless communication line with 0, the radio wave propagation characteristics are significantly different from those of fixed communication. In other words, radio wave propagation in fixed communication is mainly characterized as free space propagation, whereas radio wave propagation in land mobile communication is influenced by buildings around the mobile radio device 50 and is characterized by multiple propagation. The reception level is characterized by large temporal fluctuations as the path is formed and the position of the mobile radio device 50 changes from moment to moment. Radio wave propagation characteristics in land mobile communications generally include the following three types of characteristics.

(1) Instantaneous fluctuation characteristics (2) Locational fluctuation characteristics (3) Characteristics relative to the distance from the wireless base station 30 (so-called propagation distance characteristics) Among these, instantaneous fluctuation characteristics (1) are used to measure the moving speed of the mobile wireless device 50. Take advantage of characteristics.

The instantaneous fluctuation characteristic is a temporal fluctuation characteristic of the instantaneous value of the reception level. In mobile communications, multiple propagation paths are formed when radio waves transmitted from the wireless base station 30 are reflected, diffracted, and scattered by buildings, terrestrial objects, and the like. therefore,
Radio waves arrive at the reception point of the mobile radio device 50 from various directions via multiple propagation paths. When the mobile radio device 50 receives this while traveling, the instantaneous value of the reception level fluctuates over time.

This phenomenon is explained as follows.

Assuming that each arriving wave arrives at an angle of 01 with respect to the traveling direction of the mobile radio device 50 via multiple propagation paths, each arriving wave is e= (t) =R・(t) cos [(ωc +w
Kasumi t0φi (t) ]. Here, Ri(t) and φ1(t) are the envelope and phase of the arriving wave, respectively. Moreover, there is a relationship of ω·=(2πV/λ) cos α1 between them. V/λ in this formula that represents ω1
is the maximum Doppler frequency, and in a system using radio waves of 900 MH7, a mobile radio transmits 50 MHz at a single speed of 48 km/h.
If the vehicle is running, it becomes 401-IZ.

As is clear from this equation, the Doppler angular frequency is proportional to the speed of the mobile radio 50, so by measuring ωi, it is possible to estimate the speed of the mobile radio 1150 from this.

From the above, it is clear that this can be achieved by determining the usage frequency given to the system, setting the normal moving speed of the mobile radio 50, and determining that it is moving at high speed when it exceeds that value. Ta.

As the speed detector included in the mobile radio device 50, for example, a simple amplitude detector may be inserted into the receiving intermediate frequency amplifying section included in the receiving section 53 in FIG. 1B, and the low frequency component of the detected output may be detected. All you have to do is measure 81.

Furthermore, the moving speed of the mobile radio device 50 can also be measured by the radio base station 30. This can be detected by an amplitude detector installed in the radio base station 30 that transmits waves from the mobile radio device 50 having the radio wave propagation characteristics as described above, and the period of the amplitude change can be measured. By measuring the moving speed of a particular mobile radio device 50 at the plurality of radio base stations 30,
Accurate moving speed (direction and absolute value) of mobile radio 50
can be estimated.

(3) Call Receiving Operation The present invention has been described above regarding the origination of a call from the mobile radio device 50, but the flow of the operation of receiving a call to the mobile radio device 50 will be explained below using FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B. . Here, among the many radio base stations 30, 30-1 is shown as a representative.

For example, a mobile radio device 50 or the like existing near the radio base station 30-1 is on standby on a control channel that is commonly used by all radio base stations 830.

In FIG. 1A, it is assumed that an incoming call signal addressed to the mobile radio 50 enters the barrier switch 20 from the telephone network 10. It is assumed that the TO identification storage unit 24 in the gateway exchange 20 inspects the incoming call signal, checks the ID of the called party, and finds the wireless base station 30 (plurality) whose current location is registered. . Then, the mobile radio device 50 simultaneously sends an incoming call signal to all the radio base stations 30 whose locations are registered via the communication control unit 21 (S271, FIG. 6A).

Each radio base station 30 that received this signal
[Identification storage unit 34 (C) is searched and the I of the mobile radio 50 is searched.
When confirming that D is stored there, it sends an incoming call and communication channel designation request signal to the mobile radio 50 using the downlink control channel, adding the ID of the radio base station 30-1.

A similar operation is performed for other radio base stations 30 to call the mobile radios 50 at substantially the same time or at different times if it is necessary to avoid radio interference (3272).

On the other hand, this incoming call signal is received by the mobile radio device 50 that is on standby on the control channel, and after searching the received signal quality and signal content and confirming that it is the incoming call signal addressed to the mobile radio device 50. (S273>, the mobile radio 150 selects each radio base station 30-1.3 in consideration of the nearby call traffic state.
0-2. ..., determines a communication channel that can communicate with 3Q-n, and uses the uplink control channel to communicate with radio base station 30-n.
1.30-2. −． Send to 30-n (3274>
.

At the same time, each synthesizer 55-1.55-2 and 56-1.56- in the mobile radio device 50 (FIG. 1B)
2. ..., 56-n and selector switch 64-1.64-
2 and reception and transmission switching controllers 65C and 67C, for example, the communication channel CH1 (wireless base station 3
0-1), communication channel CH2 (wireless base station 30-2),
for),······.

The communication channel n (for wireless base station 30-n) is brought into a state in which transmission and reception are possible. However, depending on the search results for wireless channels in use by wireless base stations 30 existing in the vicinity, all wireless base stations 30 may be given the same wireless channel, or some of them may be given the same wireless channel. It is also possible to provide the same radio channel and others separate radio channels. (However, as described above, the same radio channel is assigned to the mobile radio device 50 that is moving at high speed). Thus, each radio base station 30-1 to 30-3 that received the uplink control channel from the mobile radio 1150
At 0-n, the quality of the received signal is checked, the ID of the mobile radio device 50 that made the call is confirmed (3275>, and an incoming call response signal is sent to the barrier exchange 20 (3276>).

This incoming call response signal to the gateway exchange 20 also includes a signal to the switch group 23 for setting a communication path. Then, upon receiving this incoming call response signal, the barrier switch 20 will:
It is checked whether the ID of the mobile radio device 50 is already stored in the ID identification storage unit 24, and if it is not stored, the ID is stored in the ID together with the quality inspection data of the radio base station 30-1.
D is registered in the identification storage unit 24 (3277>), and a response confirmation signal including the stored ID is sent to the wireless base station 30-1 etc. (3278>).

Upon receiving this response confirmation signal, the radio base station 30-1 confirms that the ID of the mobile radio 50 has been correctly registered (5279) and checks whether the channel specified by the mobile radio 50 is free. Please consider whether or not to switch.
280, FIG. 6B), and sends the resulting switching approval/disapproval signal to the mobile radio 50 on the downlink control channel (32
81>.

If this switching approval/disapproval signal is received (3282>), the mobile radio 50 does not allow switching of the specified channel because there are no free channels (3283NO>
, returns to step 5274 and specifies another call channel (5274>. If the specified channel is an empty channel and switching is approved (3283 YES)
), switches to that channel, and sends a channel switching completion report using the uplink control channel (3284>).

Confirmed that the channel was switched to a free channel (3285
>The wireless base station 30-1 switches to this channel and
A channel switching completion signal is sent to the barrier switch 20 (3286>).

When the barrier switch 20 receives the channel switching completion signal, it operates the call path control unit 21 and switches the switch group 23 in order to set up a call path to the telephone network 10 via the switch 11.
For example, by turning on 5W1-1, the wireless base station 30-
1 and the telephone network 10 (3287>. Then, a calling signal is sent from the telephone network 10 side via the barrier switch 20 (328B, FIG. 6C), and this is transmitted to the wireless base station 30-
1 (3289>. Then, a ringing bell signal is sent out on the set communication channel CH1, and the mobile radio 50 generates a ringing tone (3291>).

When the handset on the mobile radio 50 side is lifted (off hook) due to this ringing tone (S2921, channel C
An off-hook signal is sent at H1.

It is transferred by the wireless base station 30-1 (S293>), received by the gateway exchange 20 (S294), and a call is started between the telephone network 10 and the mobile wireless device 50 (8295).

When the call ends, the handset is put down and the on-hook signal and end-of-call signal are sent to the wireless base station 30 via channel CH1.
-1 (3296), and the wireless base station 30-1, which confirms the end of the call, transfers this signal (3297). The barrier exchange 82 that received this on-hook signal and end-of-call signal
0 operates the communication path control section 21 and switches the switch group 2.
Turn off 5W1-1 of 3 and end the call (3298>.

In the above explanation, even in a system in which the control transceiver installed in the radio base station 30-1 is diverted to a communication channel, the method of repeatedly switching the transmission and reception channels in time as explained in the configuration of the mobile radio device is also applicable. Therefore, it is possible to communicate with a newly called mobile radio using the control channel even if the mobile radio is already communicating with a third mobile radio (see Fig. 1D).

In the system exemplified in (2) call operation and (3) call reception operation described above, the wireless channels are clearly separated into a wireless channel dedicated to control and a wireless channel dedicated to calls. Ta. However, in some actual systems, this distinction is not clear. In such a system, it is possible to use a specific communication channel as the control channel described above and perform the same operation.

In the above explanation, the case where the moving speed of the mobile radio device 50 is below a certain speed determined by the system,
If this is not satisfied, the same radio channel will be allocated to a plurality of radio base stations 30 as already explained in the calling operation in section (2).

(4) Application of diversity during low traffic times Due to the calling/receiving operations described in (2) and (3>), the 1 mA of general telephones and mobile radios 5 in the telephone network 10
0 (or between two mobile radios in the system).

In this case, the number of radio bases 830 with which the mobile radio device 50 communicates is 1.
and the communication traffic state within the system, at least the traffic state in the vicinity of the mobile radio device 50, is as follows:
Assume that it is not the busy hour, that is, the busiest time (this can be similarly implemented even when the number of wireless base stations 30 is two or more).

Then, the mobile radio device 50 starts preparing to perform diversity transmission and reception. Therefore, the control section 58 in the mobile radio device 50 shown in FIG. 1B sends an operation start command signal to each of the transmission switching controller 67C and the reception switching controller 65C, and also sends an operation start command signal to the currently working synthesizer 55-
1 and 56-1, synthesizers 55-n and 5
6-n is requested to find a frequency so that the control channel CH30 can transmit and receive data. At the same time, the control unit 58 starts sending control signals to the wireless transmission circuit 66. This control signal includes the ID of the mobile radio device 5o, the type of communication (type of voice, data, etc.), and the channel number currently in use, and is transmitted to the nearby wireless base station 3o that is not currently in communication. request to start the diversity transmission/reception operation. However, the above conditions for the wireless base station 30 are such that if the M-less base station 30 has a configuration as shown in FIG. 1D, FIG. 1E, or FIG. 1F,
This condition can be relaxed because it is possible to talk to a new mobile radio even if the user is currently communicating with a third party's mobile radio.

As a result of the above operation, the output of the transmitting mixer 61 of the mobile radio 5o includes transmission by the control channel CH30 in addition to the currently communicating channel CH1, while the receiving mixer 6
3, it becomes possible to receive the control channel in addition to the reception of the communication channel Cl-11 currently in use. This is explained in detail in the operation of channel switching during a call in section (5).

The control signal transmitted from the m-machine 50 before moving is sent to the nearest plurality of wireless base stations 30-2, 30-3.・
..., 30-n. Then, the radio base station 30-2, which is one of them, inspects the quality of the received signal and the content of the signal, and finds that the quality of the signal received from the mobile radio device 50 is above a certain value, and immediately starts communication. When it is determined that the quality will not deteriorate and there is no possibility of interference, the ID of the radio base station 30-2 and the usable radio channel number (for example, CH2 > etc. is transmitted to the mobile radio 1150 to report that diversity transmission/reception is possible.

This signal is received by the radio receiving circuit 68 of the mobile radio device 50 and transmitted to the control section 58. The control unit 5 that received this
8, as a result of examining the signal sent from the radio base station 30-2, it is determined that it is appropriate to perform diversity transmission and reception, and the signal is sent to the synthesizers 55-2 and 56-2 on channel Cl-12. Communication to wireless base station 30-2
Requires the generation of a local oscillator frequency to start between.

In addition, to the radio base station 30-2, the switch group 23 is operated to cause the call path control unit 21 in the barrier exchange 20 to send the call signal currently being communicated to the radio base station 30-2 in parallel. request something.

Upon receiving this request, the gateway switch 20 sends the wireless base station 30
In accordance with the request of -2, audio signals, that is, audio signals from general telephones, are transmitted not only to the wireless base station 30-1 but also to the wireless base station 30-1.
Start sending the same signal to -2.

The radio base station 30-2 that has received this voice signal adds the ID of the radio base station 30-2, etc. to the mobile radio @50, and sends it out on the radio channel C[]2. On the other hand, since the mobile radio device 50 is in a state where it is possible to receive the radio channel CH2, the output of the radio reception circuit 68 that received this signal is inspected by the communication quality monitoring unit 57, and if the quality is good, The voice signal is transmitted to the telephone section 59, and the control signal is transmitted to the control section 58.

By performing the above operations, mobile radio device 50 enters a diversity transmission/reception state with radio base stations 30-1 and 30-2.

- In the above explanation, diversity transmission and reception was explained using channels separate from radio channels CH1 and CH2, but there is no need to use separate channels, and depending on the situation, it is possible to use the same channel. There is no problem. In other words, even if the mobile radio device 50 uses a radio channel that allows diversity communication from surrounding radio base stations and the same radio channel as the current radio channel, the mobile radio 50 may not be able to communicate with other radio base stations that are communicating with the surrounding radio base stations. If it is determined that there will be no interference with the call quality, it is decided to use channel CHI, which is the same radio channel that is communicating with the radio base station 430-1, for the radio base station 30-2 as well. It is also possible.

Roughly speaking, the diversity transmission/reception execution request signal transmitted from the mobile radio device 50 described above to the radio base stations 30 in the vicinity thereof is transmitted to radio stations 3 other than the radio base station 30-2.
0-3.30-4. . . , 30-n also received the same reception, and among these, the wireless base station that meets the conditions is 30-n.
-1 should have been transmitted to the mobile radio device 50.

Therefore, in the control unit 58 of the mobile radio device 50 or the barrier exchange t120, when it is desired to perform diversity transmission and reception with a large number of radio base stations, If you perform exactly the same operation as when transmitting and receiving diaperity, and all operations work normally,
For example, diversity transmission and reception is started with the wireless base station 30-3.

Hereinafter, by the same operation as above, the radio base station 30- which is closest to the mobile radio device 50, is not currently in communication, and whose communication quality satisfies a certain standard required for the system or higher.
3.30-4. . . , 30-n, diversity transmission and reception is similarly started. The multiplicity of diversity is the number of wireless base stations 30 that can communicate or the number of multiplicities that can be simultaneously transmitted and received in the mobile radio device 50, that is, in the case of FIG. 1B, the synthesizer 55
It depends on the number of n from -1 to 55-n or 56-1 to 56-n.

Furthermore, in the above explanation, it is assumed that the call traffic in the system is not busy, but the traffic status is measured at each wireless base station 30 or mobile radio@50, and if the traffic gradually increases, Restrictions are sequentially applied to the multiplicity of diversity, and at the busiest time, the state shifts to multiplicity 1, that is, no diversity. However, by differentiating the reduction of multiplicity depending on the type of communication being carried out (voice, data, facsimile, etc.), it becomes possible to perform systematic processing such as making broadband communication less susceptible to multiplicity restrictions. The present invention has features such as being able to ensure good communication regardless of the type of communication.

(5) Explanation and rationale for channel switching during a call and the diversity effect During communication, if the quality of communication in one of the channels falls below a certain value, the wireless base station 30 that satisfies the certain communication quality and is not currently communicating with another wireless base station 30, Prior to switching to one channel (fr channel) for communication, the switching receiving means and the switching transmitting means are switched at a speed that does not affect the communication signal, and the n-
The old channel and the new channel other than the two channels are temporarily sent and received in parallel, and during that time the quality of the new channel is investigated and if it is confirmed that it is above a certain level, the operation for channel switching is performed. The communication was completed using n-1 wireless channels including the new channel. Therefore, instantaneous communication interruptions due to channel switching are no longer caused. In addition, it is now possible to obtain transmitting and receiving diversity effects even when channel switching is not performed.

FIGS. 18 to 1-2 show system configurations for explaining an example of this operation. This will be explained below with reference to these figures.

The mobile radio device 50 (B, C, D> (hereinafter simply abbreviated as 50) has a synthesizer 55-1.55-2°..., 5
5- (n-1), wireless receiving circuit 68, and wireless transmitting circuit 6
6 using the wireless base station 30-1.30-2.・、30
- (n-1> and communication channels CH1, Cf-(2,・
, CH(n-1>). It is assumed that the mobile radio device 50 moves away from the radio base station 30-1 and approaches the radio base station 30-n. Then, the mobile radio device 5
As the relative distance between 0 and the radio base station 30-1 increases, the communication quality begins to deteriorate, and the communication quality monitoring unit 56 of the mobile radio 1150 detects this (when the level has decreased to 1 or less). ). In addition, level L
Even if it is 1, the line is set to exceed the required value.

The mobile radio 50 requests all radio base stations 30 in the vicinity to measure the quality of the signals transmitted by the mobile radio 50. In response to this request, each radio base station 30 that is not currently communicating with the mobile radio device 50 reports the measured value to the mobile radio device 50.

In this case, the signals transmitted from the transmitting antenna of the own mobile radio 1150 are transmitted from the radio base stations 30-1, 30-2, .
=z 30-(n-1>) While continuously transmitting a call signal addressed to
0) via the control channel (CH2O) to the base station 30-1.
．． 30-2. ..., 3O-(n-1>), if the reception condition is good for the nearby radio base station (for example, 3O-n), the downlink (from the radio base station 30 to the mobile radio 50) control channel (CH2O ) to request a response.

The contents of the control signal sent from the mobile radio device 50 include the signals shown below.

i) ID of mobile radio 50;

ii) Partner wireless base station 30-1, 30-2 that is currently being called
．． −． 30- (n-1> ID and reception quality.

111) Channel number currently in use.

iv) Type of communication (telephone, fax, data, etc.).

■) Service type.

A control signal including such content is received by a plurality of nearby wireless base stations 30.

That is, except when communicating with another mobile radio, these radio base stations 30 are on standby for reception on a control channel determined by each system (for example, CH30>), and each radio The communication quality is received by the base station 30. At the same time, the communication quality monitoring section 36 installed in each radio base station 30 that receives the communication quality is inspected, and if the quality is above a certain level, the communication quality is checked. ID to wireless base station 3
0 in the ID identification storage unit 34 and the control unit 3
Notify 8. The contents of this notification include the following:

a) ID of the mobile radio device 50 that transmitted the data.

b) The other party's radio base station 30-1, 30-2, with which the mobile radio device 50 is currently communicating. =, 30- (n-1) ID
.

C) Channel number in use.

d) Type of communication.

e) Reception status (S/N or C/N (carrier-to-noise ratio) or average bit error rate in the case of digital signals).

f) Service type.

Upon receiving this signal, the control unit 38 inspects the contents and
Searches for a communicable empty channel stored in its own wireless base 830-n. As a result, if the mobile radio device 50 determines that there is an empty channel that satisfies the type of service desired and that the required communication quality can be secured for a certain period of time even after channel switching, the mobile radio device 50 3
It is decided to notify the mobile radio device 50 of the reception status from 0-n. To do this, first, the communication path control unit 21 of the gateway exchange 20 is asked to identify its own ID, the ID of the mobile radio 150 that sent the data, and the radio base station 3 of the other party with which it is communicating.
0-1.30-2. ..., 3O-(n-1) ID etc. are transmitted, and the switch 5W1-1.1 of the switch group 23
-2. Turn on 1-n at the same time, and
0-n as well, the wireless base stations 30-1, 30-2.・
..., 3O-(n-1> (hereinafter abbreviated as 30-1 etc.)
request to send out the same call signal. However, as will be described later, this operation can be omitted if the modulation format of the signal used in the wireless transmission path is an amplitude modulated wave, or if shallow frequency modulation is used.

Next, the wireless base station 30-1 for the wireless base station 30-n
Regarding the transmission timing of the call signal in response to the same call signal transmission request, etc., the timing of transmission is determined depending on the receiving state of e). In other words, the reception condition is extremely good,
For example, if C/N=40d3 or more, transmit immediately,
When C/N=39~30dB, after 2 seconds, C/N=29
The received C/N (according to a.
The replies are sent to the mobile radio device 50 at different timings. The reason for taking this timing is to prevent interference caused by simultaneous υI double signal transmission with other radio base stations 30, and to ensure that the mobile radio device 50 receiving the control signal is connected to a radio base station with good reception condition. This is to make it easier to select 30-n, etc.

Now, the signal transmitted from the radio base station 30-n to the mobile radio device 50 includes the following contents.

11 Call signal: A downlink call signal (from a telephone in the telephone network 10 to the mobile radio 50) obtained from the barrier exchange 20.

This is a change from the current wireless base stations 30 to 1 to mobile wireless devices 5
This is exactly the same as the call signal being sent to 0. Furthermore, the modulation level of the signal wave performed by the modulator included in the transmitter 31 of the wireless base station 30-n is also set to be the same as that of the wireless base station 30-1 and the like.

21 control signal...This includes the following signals.

2-1) ID of mobile radio device 50 received by own radio base station 30-n.

2-2) ID of own wireless base station 30-n.

2-3) A communication channel number that can be used by the own radio base station 30-n (without interference) and matches the service distinction and type of communication.

2-4) Reception status (reception C/N value, etc.).

The control signal containing such information transmitted by the wireless base station 30-n is received by the mobile wireless device 50.

The control unit 58 of the mobile radio device 50 has thus obtained information such as the C/N value sent from each radio base station 30-n, etc.
Now, when comparing these multiple pieces of information, wireless base station 3
If it is confirmed that the measurement result of 0-n has the best value and the quality standard level is 2 or higher, but satisfies L2>Ll, then the mobile radio device 50
-n is judged to have approached the vicinity of the communication zone (zone n), and decides to switch channels.

Then, as a result of checking the ID and roam area information collation storage unit 54 to check the available call channels in zone n, it was found that the channel CHn was available for use as requested from the wireless base station 30-n. I know something. Therefore, using the uplink control channel, the wireless base station 30-
n to perform transmission and reception on channel CI-(n, and also sends an instruction to the gateway switch 20 via the wireless base station 30-n to the switches 5W1-1, 5W1-2, 5W1-( n-1>, 5WI-ports are turned on at the same time, and the wireless base stations 30-1, 30-2°..., 3O-(n
-1> to request to start transmitting the same call signal.

In response to these requests, the gateway switch 20 also turns on 5W1-n of the switch group 23, and switches on the wireless base station 30-n.
n starts transmitting a voice signal using communication channel n.

In this case, it goes without saying that the modulation depth of the modulator of the radio base station 30-n is also the same as that of the other radio base stations 30-1, 30-2.
30-3. ....

Same as 30-(n-1).

In order to realize the transmission of this control signal, specifically, when the control signal is an analog signal, as shown in Fig. 2 (
As shown in a), the communication channel band C is 3 to 3.0.
Low frequency f outside KH2. .

(e.g. about 100Hz) or high frequency fD1゜I
D2. ID3"" ID8 (for example, 8 waves from 3.8KH2 to 4.5KH2 at 0°1KH2 intervals, when n=8) is used.

When there are many items to be controlled, that is, many control data, the number of waves of the control frequency f[)0'' ID8 may be increased roughly, or a subcarrier format may be used.

At this time, more control data can be transmitted by, for example, applying frequency modulation or amplitude modulation to one or more waves of fDO"DB.

Furthermore, when a digital data signal is used as the control signal, it is also possible to digitally encode the audio signal and time-division multiplex the two to be transmitted. Do as shown below.

Figure 3 shows the timing before and after channel switching of this system shown in Figures 1A, 1B, and 1C.
Show chart.

In FIG. 3 illustrating the channel switching operation, the wireless base station 30-1 indicates that the quality of the channel CHI used between the wireless base station 30-1 and the mobile wireless device 50 has decreased to level 1 or below. Alternatively, the communication quality monitoring section 37 of the mobile radio device 50. Alternatively, the radio base station 57 detects this and starts preparations to enable parallel reception of transmitted radio waves from the radio base station 30-n on the channel CHn through the process described above.

That is, the control unit 58 of the mobile radio device 50 has previously controlled the synthesizers 55-1, 55-2, . ..., 55-(n-
1) using the radio base station 30 using channel CH1.
-1 transmission wave, radio base station 3 with channel Cl-12
Radio base station 30- (from the state of receiving the transmission wave of n-1, the synthesizer 55-n is also activated, and the radio base station 30- by channel CHn-1 A frequency synthesizer 55 is configured to generate a frequency that can also receive transmission waves of channel CHn transmitted from the station 30-n.
−n.

Thus, when communication with the radio base station 30-1 is about to be stopped due to the quality deterioration of the channel CH1 being transmitted from the radio base station 30-1, the radio base station 30-1
Communication with channel CHn is started. That is, in the mobile radio device 50, the repetitive switching of the selector switch 64-1 receiving the switching drive input signal from the reception switching controller 65G is continued. At the same time, the synthesizer "Iza 56-1.56-2..., 56- (n-1)
), and from the state in which the radio base stations 30-1 to 30-(n-1) were transmitting using channels CH1 to CHn-1, the synthesizer 55-n is also operated,
The wireless base station 30-n is brought into a state where it can transmit on channel CHn. Synthesizers 56-1, 56-2..., 56-n used for this transmission
The output is repeatedly switched by the changeover switch 64-2 using a switching drive input signal from the transmission switching controller 67C.

During this switching transmission/reception period in which channels CI-II and CH2, . . .
This continues until the mobile radio device 50 confirms that the above is true, after which channel CH1 is released and the radio base station 30
-2.30-3. . . , 30-n and the mobile radio 50 are transmitted through channels Cl-12, CH3, .
It continues without momentary interruption only by CHrl.

Note that while the above channel switching has been described as switching to a new channel that has not been used up until now, it is not necessarily necessary to use a different channel, and depending on the situation, the same channel may be used. In other words, even if the mobile radio device 50 uses the same radio channel as the one currently in use, and the radio channels available for communication from the surrounding radio base stations 30, other For example, if it is determined that there is no interference with the quality of the communication of the wireless base station 30-n,
It is also possible to decide to use channel CHI, which is the same radio channel in communication with radio base station 30-1. In particular, when the speed of the mobile radio device 50 is higher than a certain speed determined by the system, the same radio channel is allocated as much as possible.

Furthermore, as will be described in detail below, during the above switching period, it is possible to shift without any adverse effect on the communication signal, but the changeover switch 64-
The switching frequency f1 of 1.64-2 is set to be, for example, 2n times or more the highest frequency included in the signal. This will be explained in detail below.

The optimum value of the switching frequency is determined by considering the following conditions.

1) Modulation format of the signal to be transmitted 2> Signal frequency band to be transmitted 3) Control frequency band to be transmitted 4) Band characteristics of the transmitter/receiver section, especially the band characteristics of the high frequency filter installed at the antenna input end 5) Waveform characteristics of the switching controller 6) Response characteristics of the frequency synthesizer 7) Wave number for W1 transmission and channels used in the system 8) Radio wave propagation characteristics of the transmission path 9) From the gateway switch 20 to the wireless base station 3o-1 A signal transmission path to the mobile radio device 50 via the radio system control device 20
For example, if 1) is frequency modulation and 2) is an audio signal, then
, 3 to 3.0 KHz, 3) When using an out-of-band control signal shown in FIG. 2 (a), C, 3 KHz.
Below (fDo) or 3.8~4°5KH7 (fol, fo
2...fo8). The characteristics of 4) should be that the passband width is 16KH2 (or 8 -KHz), and the characteristics of 5) should be selected while keeping in mind that the response characteristics of the synthesizer in 6) are good and the output waveform is good. Therefore, the synthesizer used is desired to have an urgently rapid response characteristic according to the input of the switching controller in 5).

Items 7) to 9) are items to be considered from the system design perspective. In the car phone system described as an embodiment of the present invention, item 7) is a 900 MH2, 6OO channel, so the frequency bandwidth used is 15 MH2 (or , 1200 channels at 15 MHz>, 8) are known in many documents, and 9) is about C, 03 ms.

Taking the above into consideration, for example, in a car telephone system, the switching frequency of the changeover switch 64-2 of the mobile radio 50 is selected to be approximately 20XnMH2.

The case of reception will be explained below. If the audio signal or control signal is digitized as shown in FIG. 2(b), it is appropriate to use a faster frequency as the switching frequency, and a value of about nX20KHz to 30KH2 may be used.

Also, the channel CHI seen from the input section of the reception mixer 63
, 2, 3.・, n-1, n(7) carrier frequency ω1
．． ω2. ..., ω. −1, ω. , also synthesizer 5
5-1.55-2. ..., 55-(n-1), 55-
Let the output frequencies of n be ω, 1 . ω, 2ω,. -1
,ω,. Then, the wireless base stations 30-1, 30-2,
The frequencies of the carrier waves at the output of the intermediate frequency amplifier included in the receive mixer 63 from 30-(n-1) and 30-n are respectively: Ω1=ω1-ωL1 (11)Ω2=02
-″)12 (12)Ωn-1=″n-
1” Ln−1n−10=ω −ω[.
(1o)n That is, by the operation of the changeover switch 64-1, the intermediate frequency is sent to the receiving section 53 as follows: Ω1 = "1-c') Signal waves having carrier frequencies such as Ω = ω - ωLn n are sequentially input. Then, (11) and (12)...

Equation (1) is: Ω →Ω →・・・・・・〒Ω =Ω (2)1
The relationship is 2n-1n. Such a signal is amplified by the receiving section and then demodulated by the demodulation circuit, but if there is a frequency difference between n intermediate frequencies ω1-11 ω2-'')[2 ωn-1-b ωn-Ln, Distortion noise may or may not occur in the demodulated output signal.In other words, in the case of frequency modulation or phase modulation, if there is no frequency difference, no distortion noise will occur, but if there is a frequency difference, distortion noise will not occur. It occurs if the frequency difference (beat frequency) includes the same component as the signal frequency, and does not occur if it does not.

On the other hand, in the case of amplitude modulation, no distortion noise occurs even if there is a frequency difference. However, even in the case of amplitude modulation, if an intermediate frequency amplifier or the like has nonlinear characteristics, nonlinear distortion will occur due to harmonics, so it is necessary to use an amplifier with good linearity.

Reception mixer 63 of mobile radio device 50 as described above
CHI, CH2,-, C)-1,i and UCH at the input of
Even if the local oscillation frequency for n is cyclically added and received, there is no abnormality in communication, and the transition from channel CH1 to channel CHn can be performed without any momentary interruption (1!, no sound is mixed in, and reception is possible. Explain theoretically that there is a diapersity effect.

First, a case where an angle modulated wave is used will be explained.

A data or audio signal (for signals in analog or digital format) can be expressed as:

In addition, the control signal that exists outside the band is: where al is the width of the channel, ωi is the angular frequency of the signal,
θ1 represents the phase when 1=0. m.

n represents a positive integer.

Next, the case of frequency modulation will be explained, but the present invention is similarly applicable to phase modulation. When the carrier wave is frequency modulated using equation (3) or equations (3) and (4), the resulting modulated wave is: I= I□ sin f (ω0μ(t)>dt= I
□ 5l11 (ωt+5(t)> (5
) or I=IQSinf(ω+μ(1)+μC(t))dt=
IoSill (ωt+5(t)+5C(t))(5
') However, m・=aH/ωH<r=1.2.3...n)? For simplicity, θi = O(i = 1.2.3...n
). As a result, 5(t)+5o(t) represents the transmission signal in the -shell form.

Now, using equation (5) or (5'), radio base stations 30-1, 30-2 . −． 30- (n-1), 30-
The signal transmitted from n is input to the reception mixer 63 via the antenna of the mobile radio 1150, and the local oscillator output (
In the case of FIG. 1B, synthesizer 55-1.55-2.・
..., 55-(n-1), 55-n),
The input to the receiving unit 53 can be expressed as in the following equation using the same symbols as in equations (1) and (2). (However, the changeover switch 64-1 is in a stopped state).

I-=I□HSin (Ω, t+5(t) +SoH
(t))<i=1.2. ..., n) Next, assume that the changeover switch 64-1 starts the changeover operation. In addition, wireless base station 3O-i (i=1.2...
, n), the audio signal sB) and the control signal S. ,(1)
As an input to the receiving section 53 of the mobile radio device 50, I= (I01/n) [1+
2i1(n/mπ) )xsin (myr/n)c
osmptlxsin (Ω1 i + S m +
S C1(1))+(I02/n) [1+2 El
(n/mπ))xsin (mπ/n)xcos mp (t-2yr/ (np))koxs
in (Ω2↑+5(t) +5o2(t) )+(I
03/n> [1+2Σ(n/mπ)) m=1 XSin (mπ/n) XCO3mp(t-4π/ (np))] xsin (
Ω3t+5(t) +5o3(t) )+・・・・・・ + (I□o/n) [1+2i1(n/mx> )x
sin (mπ/n) xcos mp (t -2(n-1) yr, / (
r+p) ) ]xsin (Ω. t+5(1) ten S.

, (t)) where p is the switching angular frequency, m is a positive odd number, and the switching times for n input waves are equally spaced.

When the right side of equation (7) is transformed, it becomes the following equation.

I= (I01/n) [sin (Qt t +U
1 (t) )+(n/π)Sin(π/n) x[cos((Qt C1) t+U1 ([) )
−cos((Ω1+p)t+LJ1(t
) ) ] + (n/3π) sin (3π/n)x
[cos[(Ω1-3p)t+U1(t))-cos(
(Ω1 +3p)t+u1(t))]+ (n15π)
sin (5π/n)x[cos((Ω1-5p>
t+LJ1 (t) )-cos((Ω1 +5 p)
i + Lll m) ]+・・・・・・
] + (Io2/ n >
[sin (Ω2 t+U2 (t) )+(n/π
) sin(π/n> x[cos((Ω2-p)t+tJ2(t))-cos
((Ω2 +p) t+U2 (t) ) ]+ (n
/3,1sin (3π/n)x[cos((Ω2-
3p) j+lJ2 (t) )-cosHΩ2 +3
p> t+U2 (t)) ]+ (n15π) sin
(5π/n)x[cos((Ω2 5p)i+U2
(t))-cos ((Ω2 +5p) 1:+LI
2 (t) )ko+・・・・・・
]+ (10n/n) [sin (Ω
, t+LIn(t) )+(n/π) sin(π/n
> x[cos((Ω −p)t+U,(t))−cos(
(Ω 10p)t+Un(t)) ]] + (n/3π) sin (3π/n>x[cos[
(Ω −3p)t+U, (t))−cos ((Ω +
3p)t+Un(t))]] +(n15yr)sin (5yr/n)x[cos(
(Ω −5p) t+LI, (t) )−cos((
Ω +5p)t+U, (t) )]] +・・・・・・]
However, U・(t) =s(t) +5CH(t)(i
=1.2. ..., n) Here, looking at equation (8), it is a combination of many carrier waves, so if it is demodulated after being amplified with an intermediate frequency amplifier, it will generally result in distortion due to cross modulation (interference). There is a possibility that noise may be generated.

Also, the amplitude of the input wave expressed by equation (8) Io1゜l02
=..., Ioo does not necessarily have the same amplitude, but when the time occupancy rate of switching is made equal (duty 100/
n%), the wireless base station 30-2 is higher than the wireless base station 30-1.
Because it is closer, it is usually ■. 2. Io3.・
..., Ioo is larger. IOl.

If the sizes of the signals, such as 102, are different, cross modulation may occur. There are two types of cross-modulation causes: one is due to the combination of many carrier waves as shown in equation (8) above, and the other is due to differences in IO1, IO2, etc.

Now, regarding cross-modulation caused by combining many carrier waves as shown in equation (8), distortion noise can be removed by the following method.

That is, there is a method of increasing the switching speed (period) of the changeover switch 64-1 to drive it out of the bandpass characteristic of the intermediate frequency amplifier. However, as already mentioned, in many cases where the switching frequency is set to 2n times or more the highest frequency of the signal, there is no need to make it any faster. By increasing the speed, m = 1 on the right side of equation (7).
As can be seen from equation (8), the term 3゜5... can be ignored in the intermediate frequency amplification stage, and (8)
The formula can be expressed as below.

I = Iol sin (Ω1 t+5(t) 10s
. 1(t) )+102 S! n (Ω2t+5(t)
+5C2(t))+・・・・・・ 10I o, S! n (Ωn-1t+5(t) 10s.

, (t) ) In equation (9), Ω = Ω =...Ω = Ω = Ω (10
)1 2 n-1n 5o2(t) =...=SCo-1(t) =
Suppose that it is possible to set S, o(t) = 0. In fact, equation (10) is technically possible using the means described later, and equation (11) can only be obtained from the wireless base station 30-1 (or from the wireless base station 30-n in the latter half of channel switching) as described above. ) Equation (1) holds true if only the control signal to be transmitted is considered. Then, equation (9) can be transformed as follows.

I=Io1sin(Ωt+5(t) +5oi(t)
)+(I O2+ I O3+ −”°+roo>xs
in(Ωt+5(t)> (12)(12
) is transformed into the following equation.

xsin(Ωt + S (t) + β(t))
(13)'n ='02+103+°"""Ion(
13"> (13), (13'), I 01 << I n (14
) sc (t) << 1 (1
4'), so equation (13) becomes approximately as follows.

I=-Isin (Ωt+5(t) +s.(t))(
Looking at Equation 15), this is a switching reception diversity method with n-branch antenna inputs, and after the signals are switched and received, the result is so-called linear synthesis, in which they are combined as they are.
Low input electric field I. 1 is ignored and synthesis is performed using an input signal with a high input electric field. therefore,
It has been revealed that the present invention has a receiving diversity effect.

In the above explanation, the case where the radio channels of NG are all different, that is, they all have different carrier frequencies, but the same explanation can be applied to the case where two or more of these radio channels are the same. It should be obvious. That is, in this case, for example, if channel CH2 and channel CH3 are the same as channel CH1, this means that the relationship Ω1=Ω2=Ω3 in equation (10) holds from the beginning. It is.

From equation (14), the output of the frequency discrimination circuit (radio receiving circuit 6
8) is expressed by the following equation.

E=d/dt (s(t) +5c-(t) )=μ(
1)+μC(t) Here, μ(1) and μC(1) are each (3)
and (4).

Note that equation (14) is always satisfied in normal mobile communication systems and is not a particularly limiting condition.

It applies deep modulation to the main audio signal compared to the control signal, and shallow modulation to the control signal, and the depth of modulation added to the audio has recently changed to the equivalent tone (IKt-!
z) signal with 3.5 radians (25 KHz carrier spacing, and if the carrier spacing is 12°5 KHz, the same <
This is because the depth is relatively shallow (1.75 radians).

From the above, it has been clarified that equations (10) and (14) are sufficient conditions for no distortion in the case of frequency modulation. The technical conditions for establishing equation (10) will be described below.

Technically, to do this, the radio base station 30-1.30
-2. . , 30-n transmitting units 31-1, 31-2.・
..., 31-n is achieved by increasing the frequency stability of the reference crystal oscillator which determines the stability of the carrier frequency. For example, in the car phone system example described below,
The stability of the reference crystal oscillator installed in the base station is currently C, 5 to lppm.

(055 to lX1O-6), so the frequency fluctuation of the carrier wave is lX1O-6X 900) IH2 = 900
It is H2.

In this case, noise is just mixed into the audio signal band.

However, if technological progress has made C, 01 ppm possible, then lx 1O-8x 900MHz=
9H2, and even if there is a harmonic of the noise, there is less possibility that its large energy will mix into the signal band. Alternatively, in a wireless system using a carrier wave frequency of 9 MH2, with carrier wave fluctuation of 1 ppm, no noise will be mixed in even with the current technology.

The case where the mobile radio device 50 receives is explained above, but the case where the mobile radio device 50 transmits will be explained below.

In FIG. 1B, the radio signals switched by the changeover switch 64-2 are, for example, radio channels CH'l, CH2.
, . . . CHn are sequentially switched, but the receiving side is the radio base station 30-1 (CHl).

30-2 (CH2>, ..., or wireless base station 3O
-n (CHn) and mixed together as in the case of reception on the mobile radio 50 side, there is no cross-modulation problem at all. However, as is clear from Equation 8, there are components of the carrier angular frequency (Ω±rD) as sidebands, so these are emitted into space and are used for communication in other channels or other systems. In order to prevent interference, it is necessary to provide a bandpass filter at the transmission output section for filtering.

For this purpose, it is necessary to spread the equation (Ω±np) outside the frequencies of all channels transmitted by the mobile radio 50 as a switching frequency, and the mobile phone system shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B used in the example Then, D/ (2π)>15xnM)−
It needs to be 1z.

This will be explained below using formulas. However, the characters used in the formula are the same as above unless otherwise specified. for example,
The transmission signal appearing at the output of the transmission mixer 61 in FIG. 1H is expressed by the following equation.

I= I□ [1+2 Y, 1(n/rr+yr) )
XSin (m7r/n)CO3ml)t]xsin
(Ω1t+5(t) +s.(t))+I□ [1+
2i1(n/ml) xsin (mπ/n) xcos mp (t-2yr/ (np)) ]x
sin (Ω2t+5(t)+5o(t))−No[1
+2Σ (rl/mπ)) m=1 xsin (mπ/n> xcos mp (t-4π/ (rl)) ]xs
in (Ω3t+5(t)+5o(t))+I□ [
1+ 2 F, (n/rnW) )xsin (
myr/n) XCO5mp (t-2(n-1> 7m/ (rl)
)xsin (Ω, t+5(t) +5o(t)
)m=1.2,5. ...... However, p is the switching angular frequency, m is a positive odd number, and the switching times for n input waves are set at equal intervals.

When equation (13) is transformed, an equation similar to equation (8) is obtained. When the obtained equation is passed through a bandpass filter having the function as explained above, the following equation is obtained as an output signal.

I=Iosin(Ω1t+5(t) +s.(t))+
IoSin(Ω2 t+5(t) +s.(t) ) 10...+I 03In(Ω.↑+5(t) +s((t)
) In the above equation, the first term on the right side is for the wireless base station 30-1, the second term is for the wireless base station 30-2, and the first term is for the wireless base station 30-1, and each signal is transmitted using normal frequency modulation. The formula is the same as in the case of .

The uplink signal of channel CH1 is transmitted from the radio base station 30-1.
．． The upstream signal of channel CH2 is received at 30-2, and the upstream signal of channel CHn is received at 30-n. These received signals are demodulated and transmitted to necessary devices such as the barrier exchange 120.

Alternatively, the wireless base station 30-1 is
In the case of having the configuration shown in the figure, the uplink signal of channel CH1 is sent to the transceiver 90-1 of the radio base station 30-1. Channel C
The uplink signal of H2 is transmitted and received by the same 30-1 190-2. In the following order, the uplink signal of channel CHn is transmitted and received by 30-1.
190-n, the signals may be received and demodulated, and then mixed and transmitted to a necessary device such as the barrier switch 20.

As is clear from the above description, by using the multiplex transmission method and apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to obtain a signal diversity effect in the receiving section.

In the barrier switch 20, the wireless base stations 30-1, 30-2.
. . , 30-n, the audio signals are transmitted from the radio base stations 30-1, 30-2. ..., 3
Mix signals from 0-n. When mixing, the signals from the radio base stations 30-2, 30-3°..., 30-n have better transmission quality than the signals from 30-1, so they can be mixed as is, or the S/N may be mixed with an output proportional to .

In other words, a reception diversity effect is obtained.

The transmitting/receiving diversity effect of the present invention has been described above, and a method for increasing the effect will be described in detail below.

First, regarding reception diversity, in the sequential switching method described above, each synthesizer 55- of the changeover switch 64-1
1.55-2. ..., 55-n have the same connection duration (duty time). However, this is not always necessary, and the diversity effect will increase if the wireless channel is connected for a relatively long time to a radio channel that provides a reception input with a good S/N ratio. For this purpose, a part of the reception section is synchronized with the changeover switch 64-1, detects the signal-to-noise ratio at that time, and transmits this to the control section 58, thereby changing the frequency of the output of the reception switching controller 65C. This makes it possible to achieve the above objectives. This is also possible with the configuration shown in Figure 1B, but
In order to facilitate technical explanation, the following explanation will be made using the configuration shown in FIG. 1G.

The difference in this figure from FIG. 1B is that the radio receiving circuit 68
Apart from this, a C/N measurement receiving section 52, a receiving mixer 73,
and a changeover switch 64-3 are installed, and a changeover switch 64-3 is installed.
The control of 4-3 is performed by the control section 58B. The operation shown in FIG. 1G will be explained below.

In the figure, a reception mixer 73 is installed at the front stage to operate the C/N measuring reception section 52. A part of the reception signal received by the mobile radio lff 150B is added to this reception mixer 73. The output from the changeover switch 64-3 is added as the local oscillation frequency to the reception mixer 73. However, this changeover switch 64-3 does not need to be switched at a high speed like the other changeover switches 64-1 and 64-2, and a low speed of, for example, about 10 Hz is sufficient.

When the selector switch 64-3 is in the position to turn on the output of the synthesizer 55-1, the C/N measurement receiving section 5
The CZN value of channel CH1 measured in step 2 is transmitted to the controller 58B.
to communicate. Next, when the selector switch 64-3 is in a position to turn on the output of the synthesizer 55-2, the C/N of the channel CH2 is measured. Synthesizer 55 in the following order
- When in position to turn on output of n, channel CH
The C/N of n is measured and transmitted to the control unit 58B. The control unit 58B uses these values to control the switching frequencies of the reception switching controller 65C and the transmission switching controller 67C so that they each operate at a speed inversely proportional to C/N -, for example.

In order to enable the above operation, it is necessary to make some changes to the method of transmitting signals from each radio base station 30, which will be explained below.

Ru.

Now, if we reproduce the above equation (9), r=, i Io, 5in(Ω, 1 1=1 +5(t)+s ・(t)> (9) I <r=1.2. , n) In equation (9), the control signal transmitted from each radio base station 30 includes the ID of the radio base station 30, and this ID is required to change the duty of the above-mentioned changeover switch. Therefore, as in the above-mentioned equation (11), 561=O <i=1.2. ..., n) I can't leave it alone. Therefore, in this case (10
Although the equation (12) holds true, the equation corresponding to equation (12) is as follows.

1=M IHS! n(Ωt +sB)+s ・(t)> (17) Each S in equation (17). , (1) is a sufficient rate compared to 1, so
Approximately, the following equation is used as an equation corresponding to equation (15).

The signal expressed by equation (18) is demodulated, and each wireless base station 3
In order to extract the control signal transmitted from 0, 5oH
By making the frequency components of the signals included in (t) different, it is possible to filter them using a filter.

Therefore, by measuring the C/N of each radio channel, adding the ID of the radio base station 30 that sent the signal, and sending it to the control unit 58B, the control unit 58B measures the C/N for each radio channel, that is, for each radio base station. The duty time for receiving (or transmitting) every 30 seconds can be determined in relation to the C/N value.

In order to achieve the above effects with the configuration shown in FIG. 1B, each radio base station 30-1, 30-2. ...
, 30-n, the control signal 5C1(t) transmitted from
, 5(2(i)..., 5oo(t)), each of which is equipped with communication quality monitoring means such as measuring the signal-to-noise ratio. All that is required is to report this measured value to the control unit 58 and operate the selector switch 64-1 at a switching duty according to the signal-to-noise ratio.

By operating the receiving section 53 of the mobile radio device 50 as detailed above, it is possible to increase the transmitting and receiving diversity effect.

Next, a method for further increasing the reception diversity effect will be explained. Figure 1H shows the mobile radio device 5 in this case.
An example of the configuration of 0C is shown.

In Fig. 1H, the input radio wave (input signal) to the mobile radio device 50C is divided into n+1 equal parts at the antenna input section, and each is divided into radio reception circuits 6B-1, 68-2°..., 68-n and interference detection. It arrives at the container 62. Each radio receiving circuit 6
8-1 to 68-n, each receive mixer 63-1.
63-2. ..., 63-n, receiving section 53-1.53-
2. ..., 53-n, and each of the reception mixers 53-1 to 53-n is equipped with a synthesizer 55-n.
1.55-2. ..., the local oscillation frequency from 55-n is input. Therefore, in the configuration shown in FIG.
It is possible to receive and demodulate the signals of CH2, . . . , CHn.

Moreover, the output signals of these receiving sections 53-1 to 53-n are as follows.
A part is sent to the control unit 58G, and a part is sent to the communication quality monitoring unit 58G.
7-1.57-2. . . , 57-n, the communication quality of each wireless channel is monitored, and the results are sent to the control unit 5.
8C, and the outputs of the receiving sections 53-1 to 53-n are sent to the signal mixing circuit 62, where they are subjected to processing similar to that of a normal diversity receiver (in this case, synthesis after detection). and is sent to the telephone section 59.

By adopting a circuit configuration as shown in FIG. 1H, it is possible to obtain a large diversity effect.

As is clear from the above description, the operation of the present invention is to predict the frequency shift after switching to a new communication channel by measuring the transmission frequency of the mobile radio device 50 at the radio base station 30, and to predict the frequency shift after switching to a new communication channel. By setting and using the transmission channel of the wireless base station that communicates after channel switching at an appropriate frequency, the system eliminates noise caused by call interruptions and cross-modulation that occur due to channel switching.

Next, the method of using the control signal, which plays an important role in channel switching during a call according to the present invention, will be explained.

In the following description, it is assumed that the configuration shown in FIG. 1B is used.

Wireless base station 30-1.30-2. , 30-n to the mobile radio device 50 using channels CH1, CH2, . . . , CHn will be described.

When the above-mentioned channel switching preparation operation is completed, the radio receiving circuit 6B of the mobile radio device 50 receives the radio base station 30-1.3.
0-2.・, channels CHI, CH2 from 30-n
.

Furthermore, since the changeover switch 64-2 also starts operating, the transmission wave from the mobile radio device 50 also starts to be switched and transmitted.

Here, from the barrier switch 20 to each wireless base station 30-1 to 30-3,
The difference (1
(within 0107+), the delay time difference is at most C,0
Since the time is 3 msec or less, there is no problem with the operation and it can be ignored. In addition, wireless base station 30-2.30-3
．． −． The downlink signal from 30-(n-1) includes only the audio signal, but the downlink signal from the wireless base stations 30-1 and 30-n includes the controller @ (wireless base station An identification signal for identifying 30-18 and 30-n,
Since the switching command signal) is inserted in the form of an out-of-band signal as shown in FIG.

The control unit 58 identifies this signal and, under the control of the control unit 58, initially uses the channel switching response signal from the wireless base station 30-1 and the subsequent communication signal layer using the channel CHn from the wireless base station 30-n. To confirm that the ID signal has been sent and that the signal quality is good, the wireless transmission circuit 68 is used to transmit the confirmation information to the communication channel CHn for the wireless base station 30-n using a signal outside the uplink communication signal band. According to
Contact the barrier exchange@20 via the wireless base station 30-n.

In the gateway switch 20, the radio base station 30-n and the mobile radio 1
50, the communication path control unit 21 switches the switches 5W1-1.1-2. ....

Among 1-n, only 5WI-1 is turned off. - On the other hand, the mobile radio device 50 stops transmission to the radio base station 30-1, stops the operation of the synthesizer 55-1 of the mobile radio device 50, and stops the operation of the switch 64-1 (see FIG. 1B). )
Synthesizer 55-2゜55-3. ..., 55-n
to perform a cyclic switching operation.

These conditions are illustrated in FIG.

Next, channels CH1, CH2, .
. . , wireless base stations 30-1, 30-2, using CHn.
. . , 30-n will be explained.

In the mobile radio device 50, the reception switching controller 65C and the transmission switching controller 6
7C is activated, switching switch, Ittsuchi 64-1
and 64-2 are the synthesizer 55 in operation.
-1.55-2. ..., the output of 55-n and 56-
1.56-2. . . , 56-n, and the channels CH1, CH2° . . . , CHn are being sequentially switched for transmission and reception (Fig. 1B). During this operation, the signals sent to the communication channels include the states of the channels used by the mobile radio 50 (channels CH1, CH2, . . . ..., C
Hn to channels CH2, CH3, . . . , CHn), the identification ID of the mobile radio 50, etc.
(May be combined with D3 etc.) has been added.

The uplink signal of channel c++ received at radio base station 30-i (i=1.2. . . , n>) is transmitted to radio base station 30-i.
1, and after it is confirmed that there is no abnormality in the demodulated voice signal or out-of-area signal, the gateway exchange 20
will be forwarded to. In the barrier switch 20, the wireless base station 30-
1.30-2. ....

Among the n signals from the wireless base stations 30-1, 30-2, . . . , 30-n, the audio signals are mixed. At the barrier switch 20, wireless base #3
0-1.30-2. −． Of the n signals from radio base stations 30-1, 30-2. ..., 30-n
30-2, 30-2, 30-1, 30-2, 30-1, 30-2, 30-1, 30-2, 30-2, 30-1, 30-2, 30-2, 30-2, 30-2, 30-2, 30-2, 30-2, 30-1, 30-2, 30-1, 30-2, 30-1, 30-2, and 30-2.
, Channel C)-11,CH2, , from 30-n
Confirm that the signal is from CHn.

In the barrier exchange 1120, it is confirmed that the channel switching operation during the call is progressing smoothly, and the controller 3 of the mobile radio 50
8 via the radio base station 30-n, the channel CH
n, communication with radio base station 30-1 via channel CHI is stopped, and radio base stations 30-2, 30-3. −．
I would like to report that I am able to concentrate on communicating with 30-n.

In the mobile radio@50 that received this control signal, the control unit 5
8, synthesizers 55-1 and 56-1
The operation of the synthesizer 55-2, 55-3, .
. ..., 56-n to continue the cyclic switching operation.

As a result, the mobile radio device 50 changes the channel CH
Communication with the radio base station 30-1 using the radio base station 30-2, 30-3. ....

30-n and channels CH2, CH3゜...
, CHn to communicate. With this, channel switching is completed, and a state in which communication is being performed using the new wireless channel group is realized. The uplink channel and downlink channel switching operations described above are performed in parallel and end at approximately the same time.

As is clear from the above description, there is no momentary interruption during channel switching, and noise can be kept to a low level that poses no problem in practical use.

If a malfunction or non-operation occurs during any of the above operations, the operation must be restarted from the previous operation. In addition, when the operational failure is large, the control unit 58
There is also an operation for returning to the communication channel before the switching operation, which is stored in the memory section built into the device.

78 through 7E are flow charts showing the flow of operation of the system shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 1C.

Gateway switch 2C, wireless base station 30-1, 30-2,...
, 30-n and the mobile radio 50 start operating, and the switch 5W of the switch group 23 included in the barrier exchange 20
1-1.1-2. -, 1- (n-1) is on,
Wireless base station 30-1.30-2. −． 30- (n-1
> is communicating with the mobile radio device 50. For this communication, channels CH1, CH2, .
Downlink frequency F1. F2. ...” n-i and upstream frequencies f1, f2..., fo-1 are used (81
01, Figure 7A).

Radio base station 30-1, 30-2. ....

3O-(n-1) constantly issues reception status reports from the mobile radio device 50, and when deterioration in communication quality is discovered, it is immediately reported to the mobile radio device 50 (S102>).

The communication quality monitoring unit 57 of the mobile radio device 50 receives this (S103) and monitors whether the call quality has deteriorated below level L1 (S104). If the call quality has deteriorated below level L1 (3104YES)
, from the control unit 58 to the wireless base stations 30-2, 30-3, . −． 30-n, etc., whereas the wireless base stations 30-1.30-2.30-3.・、
30- (n-1> and the mobile radio device 50.
Figure B).

Each of the surrounding wireless base stations 30 (for example, 3O-n) that has received the monitor reception instruction monitors and receives the signal of frequency f1 (5106), and reports the result to the communication quality monitoring unit 57 of the mobile radio device 50 (3107). .5108), the monitor reception quality from each radio base station 30 is measured and compared, and the call quality of radio base station 3Q-n is determined to be a certain standard level L2, for example.
(S109YES).

If the communication quality is not good (NO in 3109), the process returns to step 5105 and other radio base stations 30' are made to perform monitor reception.

Therefore, the control unit 58 controls whether the mobile radio device 50 is connected to the radio base station 30 or
311C.
In order to switch to communication with the wireless base station 30-n, the wireless base station 30-n searches for an empty channel that can be used (5111), and as a result, the channel CHn
(S112>. The control unit 58 determines the mobile radio device 5
The base station 30-n instructs the radio base station 30-n to prepare for communication on the channel CHn through the transmitter 51-n and the receiver 53-n of the base station 0 (S113).

A communication preparation command for using this channel CHn is sent to the radio base station 30-n, and preparations for communication using channel C)-1n are made (S114). The mobile radio device 50 prepares to enable communication using the channel CHn, that is, the control section 58 makes preparations to enable communication using the channel CHn.
-n, receive frequency F and frequency f. The switching controller 65 then enters the switching operation (S115, FIG. 7D).

When ready to communicate using channel CHn, the wireless base station 30-n notifies the mobile wireless device 50 of completion of preparation using channel CHn (3116), and at the same time, the wireless base station 30-n -n reports to the barrier exchange 1120 that preparations for communication between the radio base station 30-n and the mobile radio 50 via channel CHn have been completed (8116).

When the gateway exchange 20 confirms the completion of communication preparation between the radio base station 30-n and the mobile radio device 50 using the channel CHn (3117), the switch 5 of the switch group 23
W1-1.1-2. ..., 1-(n-1> remains on, and switch 5W1-n is also turned on (3118
). Therefore, the communication path control unit 21 included in the barrier exchange 120
reports to the mobile radio device 50 that it is possible to start communication with the mobile radio device 50 using channel CHn (3119).

Upon receiving the communication start possibility report, the radio base station 30-n sends a communication start signal to the mobile radio device 50 using channel CHn.
It is sent to the addressee (S123). The mobile wireless device 50 confirms the start of communication using the channel CHn using an ID signal which is an identification signal for identifying the wireless base station 30-n.
24) At the same time, the communication quality monitoring unit 57 of the mobile radio device 50 measures the quality level of the communication between the mobile radio device 50 and the radio base station 30-n, and determines that the quality level is 2 or more above a certain quality level. When detected (S125YES, FIG. 7E), the channel CH between the wireless base station 30-1 and the mobile wireless device 50
Wireless base station 30-1 stops the communication that was being performed using I.
(S126>. As a result, the wireless base station 30-1 turns off communication using channel CH1 (3
127).

The mobile radio 5 stops communication using this channel Cl-11.
0 is confirmed (S129), the operation of the synthesizers 55-1 and 56-1 is stopped, the changeover switch 64-1 stops switching to the output terminal - of the synthesizer 55-1, and the changeover switch 64-2 stops the operation of the synthesizer 55-1 and the output terminal - of the synthesizer 55-1. 56-1 to the output terminal (although this operation is not necessarily required), the channels CH2, Cl-13, . . .
, CHn.

The communication path control unit 21 of the gateway exchange 20 confirms that the channel CH1 communication has stopped, and switches the switch 5W1- of the switch group 23.
2.1-3. −． Leave 1-n on and switch 5
Turn off W1-1 (S128).

This ends the period of channel switching operation and switches 5W1-2.1-3. −． 1-n in the on state, channels CH2, CH3, . . . , CHn downlink frequency F2.
F3. ..., Fo up frequency f2, f3. ..., f
, the mobile radio device 50 connects to the radio base station 30-2.3.
0-3. −． 30-n, it is possible to continue high-quality communication without instantaneous disconnection or noise, and with the transmission/reception diversity effect (5130).

(6) Estimation of moving direction and speed of mobile radio equipment and communication channel allocation method for traffic congestion countermeasures Mobile radio equipment 5
It is possible to detect the traveling direction and speed of the mobile radio device 50 by measuring and comparing changes in received electric fields or communication quality received by a plurality of radio base stations 30 communicating with the mobile radio device 50.

These will be explained below using FIG. 8.

In FIG. 8, 16 circles each indicate small zones 71 to Z16 within the service area, and radio base stations 30-1, 30-2, . ..., 30
-16 etc. indicate the areas where communication is possible. The mobile radio device 50 currently communicating is within zone Z6 and is connected to the radio base station 30-2.30-3.30-5.30-
Suppose that communication is being performed with seven stations, 6.30-7.30-1C and 30-11, applying diversity. Assuming that the mobile radio device 50 is moving in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 8, the seven radio base stations that are receiving the transmission signal from the mobile radio device 50 are each measuring the received electric field or reception quality. and these values are collected into the mobile radio 50. By comparing these measurement results, mobile radio t150 estimates the moving direction and speed of mobile radio 50 using the following method.

First, it can be estimated that the direction of movement is toward the wireless base 8 (3O-7 in FIG. 8) where the observed input reception electric field level changes in the direction where it increases most rapidly. In order to obtain reliable results, it is important to choose the measurement duration appropriately. However, this is largely related to the speed of the mobile radio 50. In other words, since the radio wave propagation characteristics change from moment to moment, it will take a certain amount of time (in the case of a car, 3
By dividing the measurement time into intervals of 10 seconds) and measuring between them, it is possible to eliminate variations in the measured values. In FIG. 8, when the measurement results obtained in this way are expressed in order from the wireless base station 30 with the largest increase in the input electric field, for example, 30-7>30-11>30-3, and the input electric field decreases. If expressed in order from the radio base station 30 with the largest number, it would be as follows: 30-6>30-10>30-2>36-5.

Furthermore, the moving speed can be estimated by comparing it with the radio wave propagation curve obtained from the radio wave propagation characteristics.

By using the above measurement results, it is possible to estimate the destination of mobile radio 150. Note that the moving direction and speed information of this mobile radio device 50 is shown below for reference.
It can be sent to the ID identification storage section 24 of the gateway exchange 20. By doing this, not only is it helpful to reduce the storage capacity of the mobile radio device 50 and the radio base station 3o, but also it becomes possible for other mobile radio devices 5° and the radio base station 30 to obtain the information as necessary. Wireless channels can be used more appropriately.

Next, the communication traffic situation of the wireless base station 30 at the destination is investigated, and if it is in a congested state, the wireless base station with which to communicate is determined according to the type of communication of the mobile wireless device 50 currently communicating at the wireless base station 30. It becomes possible to reduce the number of 30. Next, when traffic congestion does not span one zone but spans multiple zones, wide-area congestion countermeasures are required. This is a phenomenon that occurs in car phone systems, etc. in the city center of Obekai, and is shown at 30-6 in Figure 8.
゜30-7. and 30-11 are in a traffic congestion state. Application of the present invention in this regard will be explained in detail.

Assume that a mobile radio 50a is present in zone Z11, moving in the direction of the arrow, and transmitting a calling signal. This calling signal is collected by the mobile radio 50a, and the communication channel to be assigned is determined. However, when there is no traffic congestion, the radio base station 30-6.30-7.
C, 30-11°30-12.30-14.30-15
etc. (diaperity transmission and reception is performed). However, if traffic is congested in the three zones (Z6, 7.11), channels 30-6, 30-7 and 30-11 are not allocated. In this case, the wireless base station 30 with the best call quality as a communication partner is naturally 30-11, but it is not assigned for the above-mentioned reason. If the multiplicity of diversity is the above fourfold (30-10, 30-12, 30-
14°30-15> is insufficient, since the mobile radio device 50a can estimate the moving direction and moving speed of the mobile radio device 50a, the mobile radio device 50a can estimate the moving direction and moving speed of the mobile radio device 50a, so
Assign channels to be used in 8 and 30-16. Therefore, although mobile radio 150a is in zone Z11, it starts communicating with radio base stations 30-8 and 30-16, which are somewhat far away.

Roughly speaking, as a result of speed measurement, if the moving speed of mobile radio 1150 is higher than a certain speed determined by the system, the radio channel used by this mobile radio @50 is changed to simplify the control procedure when switching channels during a call. all on the same channel.

By applying the channel allocation described above, it becomes possible to take measures against congestion in high-traffic areas, which could not be solved using conventional system technology, and to switch channels during calls during high-speed movement.

(7) Processing calls to and from a mobile radio while moving at high speed □ When the mobile radio 50 is mounted on a car or the like and is moving at high speed, if a call is continued, in the microcell system, one radio base Since the serviceable area of the station 30 is narrow, channel switching occurs frequently during a call. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the control capability by communicating control signals for this purpose, otherwise there is a possibility that the system will go down. However, by the following method of the present invention,
It is possible to eliminate the need for additional control capability, or to minimize it even if it is necessary.

Regarding the operation in such a case, see Figures 7F to 7J.
This will be explained using the flow chart shown in the figure.

The mobile radio device 50 is moving at high speed and is connected to the barrier switch 2C.
, the wireless base stations 30-1.30-2.30-n and the mobile wireless device 50 start operating, and the switches 5W1-1.1-2. of the switch group 23 included in the barrier exchange 1120 are activated. −．
1-(n-1) is on, and wireless base station 30-1.
30-2. ..., 30- (n-1> and mobile radio 5
Communication is in progress with 0. For this communication, the mobile radio 5
Channel C instructed by the control unit 58 included in
The HI downlink frequency F and uplink frequency f1 are used (S151, Fig. 7F).

The mobile radio @50 is moving away from the zone covered by the radio base station 30-1 and into the zone covered by the radio base station 30-n.

Radio base station 30-1, 30-2. ....

3O-(n-1> constantly issues a reception status report from the mobile radio device 50, and if deterioration in communication quality is discovered, it is lazily reported to the mobile radio device 50 (3152>).

Communication quality monitoring unit 5 of mobile radio 1ff 150 that received this
7 (3153), it is monitored whether the call quality has deteriorated below level L1 (S154). If the call quality has deteriorated below level L1 (3154Y
ES), from the control unit 58 to the wireless base stations 30-2, 30-3, . , 30-n, etc., whereas the wireless base stations 30-1.30-2.30-3.
−． 30- (n-1>) and the mobile radio device 50 to monitor and receive the signal of the up frequency f1 used for communication (3155, Fig. 7G).

Each surrounding wireless base station 30 that has received an instruction to monitor reception (for example, for 30-n>, monitor reception of the signal of frequency f1 5156), and report the result to the communication quality monitoring unit 57 of the mobile radio device 50 8157 .3158), the monitor reception quality of each wireless base station 30 is measured and compared, and the call quality of the wireless base station 30-n is set to a certain standard level L2, for example.
(S159YES).

If the communication quality is not good (NO in 3159), the process returns to step 3105 and other wireless base stations 3° are made to perform monitor reception.

Therefore, the control unit 58 controls whether the mobile radio device 5o is connected to the radio base station 30 or
3160, and the seventh
Although the traffic around the mobile radio 5o is congested in order to switch to communication with the radio base station 30-n (8161), this mobile radio 50 is a VIP (important person). If the traffic is congested (S161 YES>) and the subscriber is a VIP subscriber (3162 YES), or if the traffic is not congested, it is determined whether the subscriber is a VIP subscriber or not. Regardless of whether (3161NO>), the control unit 58
The wireless base station 30-n is instructed to prepare for communication on the channel CH1 via the transmitter 51-1 and the receiver 53-1 (3163, FIG. 71)).

A communication preparation command for using channel CH1 is sent to the radio base station 30-n using the control channel, and preparations for communication using channel CH1 are made (S164). The radio base station 30 makes preparations to enable communication using channel CH1, that is, the control section 38 makes preparations to enable communication using the channel CH1.
5-1. t> and 36-1, it transmits the frequency F1 and instructs it to receive at the frequency f1.

When the radio base station 30-n is ready to communicate using the channel CH1 in this way, the radio base station 30-n notifies the mobile radio 50 of the preparation completion using the channel CHI (3165), and at the same time The base station 30-n transmits the wireless base station 30 via channel CH1 to the barrier exchange @20.
-n and the mobile radio @50 to report that communication preparations have been completed (S165).

The gateway exchange 2 confirms that the preparation for communication between the radio base station 30-n and the mobile radio 50 using channel C)-11 is completed.
0 confirms (3166), the switches 5W1-1.1-2. ..., 1- (keep n-1> on and turn on switch 5W1-n (S
167). Therefore, the communication path control unit 21 included in the barrier exchange 20 reports to the mobile radio@50 that it is possible to start communication with the mobile radio 50 using the channel CHI (S168).

Upon receiving the communication start possibility report, the radio base station 30-n sends a communication start signal to the mobile radio device 50 using channel CH1.
(3172). The mobile radio 50t confirms the start of communication via channel CH1 using the ID signal, which is an identification signal for identifying the radio base station 30-n (5173), and at the same time, the communication quality monitoring unit 5 of the mobile radio 50
7 measures the quality level of the communication between the mobile radio device 50 and the radio base station 30-n, and when it detects that the quality level is 2 or more above a certain quality level (S174YES, FIG. 7J),
The radio base station 3 stops communication between the radio base station 30-1 and the mobile radio 50 using the channel CH1.
0-1 (S175).

Here, in steps 5161 and 5162, the traffic is congested (S161YE-s>,
If the subscriber is not a vrp subscriber (3162 NO), the process moves to step 5175, and immediately commands to stop the communication that was being performed with the wireless base station 30-1 using channel CH1 (S175).

As a result, the wireless base station 30-1 uses channel Cl-1.
1 is turned off (S176). The mobile radio device 50 confirms that communication via channel CH1 has stopped (3
17B>.

After confirming that communication with the wireless base station 30-1 via channel CH1 has been stopped, the communication path control unit 21 of the gateway exchange 200 switches the switches 5W1-2, 1-3, . ..., 1
-n remains on and switch 5W1-1 is turned off (S177).

As a result, the switch 5W1-2.1-3°...,
1-n on state, channel CH1, downlink frequency F1
, the mobile radio device 50 uses the uplink frequency f1 to access the radio base stations 30-2, 30-3 . ..., 30-n, -
High-quality communication can be continued without momentary disconnections or noise mixing, and with a transmitting/receiving diversity effect of 1q (3179).

As explained above, the mobile radio device 50 (
(during a call) means that all wireless base stations in communication 3o = <i
=1.2. Since communication will be performed using the same communication channel CH1 as -, n>, there is no need for complex control such as specifying another communication channel, and this will occur frequently, such as once every few seconds. Channel switching during a call (for example, switching from wireless base station 30-1 to 30-n) can also be continued without any problem.

Furthermore, if there happens to be another mobile radio device communicating using communication channel CH1 in the vicinity of the radio base station 30-n, radio wave interference will be detected and countermeasures will be required. . However, the probability that it is moving at high speed is extremely low, and it can easily switch to another radio channel for other mobile radios.

If this mobile radio is also moving at high speed, the lower mobile radio will switch to another channel depending on whether it is a VIP or not.

[Effects of the Invention] As is clear from the above explanation, by applying the present invention to a mobile communication system using a small zone configuration, it is possible to eliminate temporary interruptions when changing zones during a call, as in conventional systems. This problem has been completely eliminated in facsimile signals and data signals due to image quality deterioration and burst signal errors, even if the frequency of channel switching during communication increases. This will improve communication quality by adopting economical transmission and reception diversity, improve frequency efficiency by reducing interference, and make new services using wideband signals technically possible. became. In addition, it is possible to improve communication quality by effectively using wireless equipment during times when traffic is slow, to substantially increase the number of usable channels when traffic suddenly increases in a small zone, and to improve communications quality by effectively using wireless equipment during times when traffic is at its peak. In addition to being able to process location registration signals from mobile radios, it is also possible to effectively specify a communication channel by detecting the moving direction and speed of a moving object, which is economical and allows for the use of frequencies. Since it has become possible to construct a highly efficient mobile communication system, the effects of the present invention are extremely large.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1A, 1B and 1C are system configuration diagrams showing one embodiment of the present invention; FIGS. 1D and 1E are circuit configuration diagrams showing other embodiments of the wireless base station of the present invention; Figure 1F is a circuit configuration diagram showing one embodiment of the transmitter/receiver, Figures 1G, 1H, and 11 are circuit diagrams showing other embodiments of the mobile radio device, and Figures 2 (a) and (b). ) is a spectrum diagram and a circuit configuration diagram for explaining an example of the configuration of a control signal used in the present invention; FIG. 3 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the system shown in FIGS. 18 to 1C; FIGS. 4A and 4B are flowcharts showing the flow of the location registration operation of the present invention, FIGS. 5A and 5B, respectively.
5C, 5D, and 5E are flowcharts showing the flow of call origination operations from a mobile radio device, and FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 6C are flowcharts showing the flow of call reception operations from a mobile radio device. Flowcharts shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B
7C, 7D, and 7E are flow charts showing the flow of channel switching operations of the system shown in FIGS. 18 to 1C, and FIGS. 7F, 7G, and 7H. Figures, Figures 7■ and 7J
The figure is a flowchart showing the call processing for a mobile radio that is moving at high speed. Figure 8 is a conceptual diagram of the operation to explain the traveling direction and speed detection of the mobile radio. Figure 9 is an example of a conventional system. It is a conceptual diagram of a system configuration for explanation. 10...Telephone network -11...Exchange 12...Radio line control station 13A-D...Radio base station 14A-D.
...Zone 15...Mobile radio equipment 16A-D...
Transmission path 19.20...Gateway exchange 21...Call path control section 23...Switch group 24...ID identification storage section 3C, 30B, 30C. 30-1. ~30-n...Radio base station 31.31-1
~31-n...Transmitter 32...Radio base station control device 33.33-1~33-n...Receiver 34.34C,
34-1 to 34-n...ID identification storage units 35-1 to 35-n, 36-1 to 36-ry'...Synthesizer 37...Communication quality monitoring units 3B, 38B, 38C... Control unit 39...Interfaces 4C, 40C...Reference crystal oscillator 41...Transmission mixer 42...Interference detector 43...Reception mixer 45...Reception switching controller 46...Wireless Transmission circuit 47...Transmission switching controller 48...Radio reception circuits 5C, 50B, 50C...Mobile radio 51...Transmission section 53.53-1 to 53-n...Reception section 54 ...ID
-Roam area information verification storage unit 55-1 to 55-n, 5
6-1 to 56-n...Synthesizer 57...Communication quality monitoring section 5B, 58B, 58C, 58D...Control section 59...
Telephone unit 61.61-1 to 61-n... Transmission mixer 62...
Interference detectors 63.63-1 to 63-n...reception mixer 64-1.
64-2.64-3...Selector switch 65C...Reception switching controller 66.66-1 to 66-n...Radio transmitter circuit 67C.
...Transmission switching controller 6B, 68-1 to 68-n...Radio receiving circuit 69...
-Mixing circuit 71...Reference crystal oscillator 91...Digital encoding circuit 92...Multiple conversion circuits 93-1 to 93-m...Communication quality monitoring receiver 94.
. . . Control transceiver 96 . . . Antenna sharing device 71 to Z16 . . . Zone.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Each radio base means (30-1 to 30
-n, 30B, 30C) exists in the service area and communicates with the wireless base means, registers its own location and identification information as the ID information in the ID identification means, and registers its own location and identification information as the ID information in the ID identification means. Based on the stored ID information, it is determined whether or not the communication quality during communication between the wireless base means and another person is interfered with, and if the communication quality is not interfered with, the ID information is transmitted to a plurality of the wireless base means. , mobile radio means (50, 50B, 50C, 50D) to which the same radio channel can be assigned, each of the radio base means and the general telephone network (10) are connected, and the mobile radio means and the mobile registering identification information of at least one said radio base means that can communicate well with the radio means; setting up and releasing a communication path between said at least one radio base means and said mobile radio means; barrier exchange means (20) for updating and registering identification information of the radio base means with which communication is possible as the radio means moves, and for making and receiving calls to the mobile radio means via the plurality of registered radio base means; Mobile communications communication systems including: 2. Each radio base means (30-1 to 30-n, 3
0B, 30C), and ID roam area verification storage means (54) for storing and verifying ID information that exists within the service area and includes its own location and identification information;
Based on the ID information stored in the roam area verification storage means, it is determined whether or not the communication quality during communication between the wireless base means and another person is interfered with, and if no interference is caused, multiple a mobile radio means (50, 50B, 50C, 50D) capable of allocating the same radio channel to the radio base means and communicating with the radio base means; and a communication between each of the radio base means and a general telephone network ( 10) registering identification information of at least one radio base means that can communicate well with the mobile radio means and the mobile radio means, As the mobile radio means moves, the identification information of the radio base means with which communication is possible is updated and registered, and the mobile radio A communication system for mobile communications, comprising a barrier exchange means (20) for making and receiving calls to and from the means. 3. Each radio base means (30-1 to 30-n, 3
0B, 30C) exists in the service area and collates ID information including its own location and identification information to interfere with the quality of communication between the radio base means and another party. If there is no interference, mobile radio means (50, 50B
, 50C, 50D), and identification information of at least one of the radio base means that connects each of the radio base means and the general telephone network (10) and is capable of communicating well with the mobile radio means and the mobile radio means. and an ID identification storage means (24) capable of registering the ID information and transmitting the registered ID information in response to a request of the mobile radio means, the at least one radio base means and the mobile Setting and canceling a communication path with the wireless means, updating and registering the identification information of the wireless base means with which communication is possible as the mobile wireless means moves, and transmitting information via the plurality of registered wireless base means. A communication system for mobile communication, comprising: barrier exchange means (20) for making and receiving calls to and from the mobile radio means.