JPH0119566B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPH0119566B2 JPH0119566B2 JP4406481A JP4406481A JPH0119566B2 JP H0119566 B2 JPH0119566 B2 JP H0119566B2 JP 4406481 A JP4406481 A JP 4406481A JP 4406481 A JP4406481 A JP 4406481A JP H0119566 B2 JPH0119566 B2 JP H0119566B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- graphite
- electrode
- substrate
- plate
- adhesive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 241000156978 Erebia Species 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N SnO2 Inorganic materials O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 manganese dioxide Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/153—Constructional details
- G02F1/1533—Constructional details structural features not otherwise provided for
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、裏基板に黒鉛製の電極を設けたエレ
クトロクロミツク（EC）素子に関するものであ
る。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an electrochromic (EC) device in which a graphite electrode is provided on a back substrate.
従来の黒鉛電極は、裏基板のIn2O3及びSnO2等
の透明電極上に、黒鉛の成形板を、トランスフア
ーとして黒鉛粉を適当に配して加圧して製造して
いるものであつた。 Conventional graphite electrodes are manufactured by pressing a molded graphite plate onto a transparent electrode of In 2 O 3 , SnO 2, etc. on the back substrate, and placing graphite powder as a transfer appropriately. Ta.
しかし、この方式によると基板の透明電極と、
黒鉛板とのトランスフアーをとることは可能であ
るが、黒鉛粉自体に接着性が無く、配置セル化
後、振動等による黒鉛板の移動、黒鉛粉の飛散を
生じやすく、80℃放置における信頼性試験におい
ても100時間程度で、かなりの導通不良の発生が
あるものであつた。 However, according to this method, the transparent electrode on the substrate,
Although it is possible to transfer with a graphite plate, the graphite powder itself has no adhesive properties, and after forming cells, the graphite plate tends to move due to vibrations, etc., and the graphite powder is easily scattered, making it unreliable when left at 80℃. In the performance test, a considerable amount of conductivity failure occurred after about 100 hours.
本発明は、前記認識に基づき種々検討を重ねた
結果、黒鉛粉自体に接着性をもたらすことに注目
し、黒鉛板の固定、裏基板透明電極とのトランス
フアーの信頼性向上、耐久性の向上、作業性の向
上を目的としたものであり、EC物質を設けた表
示電極と、黒鉛製の対向電極又は黒鉛製の第３電
極を有し、２枚の基板を周辺シール剤によつて接
着し、内部に電解液を封入してなるEC素子にお
いて、対向電極又は第３電極が、黒鉛の成形板を
電極上に黒鉛を混入した接着剤により接着したも
のであることを特徴とするEC素子である。 As a result of various studies based on the above recognition, the present invention focuses on the fact that graphite powder itself has adhesive properties, and improves the reliability of fixing the graphite plate, the transfer with the back substrate transparent electrode, and the durability. , which aims to improve workability, has a display electrode provided with an EC substance, a counter electrode made of graphite or a third electrode made of graphite, and two substrates are bonded together using a peripheral sealant. An EC element having an electrolyte sealed therein, wherein the counter electrode or the third electrode is formed by adhering a graphite molded plate onto the electrode with an adhesive containing graphite. It is.
本発明のEC素子では、黒鉛板が基板透明電極
と強固に固着し、製造工程乃至使用中に振動を与
えた場合においても、黒鉛板の移動、トランスフ
アーの破損、接着用黒鉛粉の電解液中への拡散等
の欠点を生じないものである。 In the EC element of the present invention, the graphite plate is firmly fixed to the substrate transparent electrode, and even if vibration is applied during the manufacturing process or use, the graphite plate may move, the transfer may be damaged, and the electrolyte of the graphite powder for adhesion may It does not cause drawbacks such as diffusion into the interior.
第１図は本発明のEC素子の基本的例の断面図
であり、透明電極１上にEC物質２を配した透明
基板３からなる表基板と、透明電極４上に黒鉛の
成形板５を黒鉛入り接着剤６で接着した基板７か
らなる裏基板とに中に背景板８を配してシール剤
９でシールし、電解液１０を注入し、封止剤１１
で封止してなるEC素子である。 FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a basic example of the EC element of the present invention, which includes a front substrate consisting of a transparent substrate 3 on which an EC substance 2 is placed on a transparent electrode 1, and a molded graphite plate 5 on a transparent electrode 4. A background plate 8 is arranged inside a back substrate consisting of a substrate 7 adhered with a graphite-containing adhesive 6, and sealed with a sealant 9. An electrolytic solution 10 is injected, and a sealant 11 is applied.
This is an EC element sealed with
表基板、裏基板はともにガラス、プラスチツク
等で良く、少なくとも表基板の基板は透明基板と
される。又、裏基板は、第１図のように凹型の基
板であつても良く、又、平面基板でシール部にス
ペーサーを介して使用しても良い。 Both the front substrate and the back substrate may be made of glass, plastic, etc., and at least the front substrate is a transparent substrate. Further, the back substrate may be a concave substrate as shown in FIG. 1, or it may be a flat substrate with a spacer interposed in the seal portion.
これらの基板上には、電極が設けられるが、こ
れも表基板の電極は少なくとも透明電極とされ、
全面乃至所望のパターンに成形されれば良い。こ
の電極としては代表的なものとして、In2O3と
SnO2を真空蒸着して形成したものが上げられる。 Electrodes are provided on these substrates, and the electrodes on the front substrate are at least transparent electrodes,
It may be formed on the entire surface or in a desired pattern. Typical examples of this electrode include In 2 O 3 and
Examples include those formed by vacuum evaporation of SnO 2 .
EC物質は、可視光域で着色消色変化するもの
であれれば使用でき、代表的なものとしては、
WO3があり、所望の厚さに真空蒸着され、表基
板の透明電極上に設けられ、表示電極とされる。 EC substances can be used as long as they change color and decolor in the visible light range; typical examples include:
WO 3 is vacuum-deposited to a desired thickness and provided on the transparent electrode of the front substrate to serve as the display electrode.
もちろん、表示目的以外の電極にEC物質を設
けても良いし、電極により複数種のEC物質を配
して、異なる着色状態とする。EC物質の厚みを
変化させて着色濃度を変えることも可能である。 Of course, the EC substance may be provided on electrodes other than those for display purposes, and a plurality of types of EC substances may be arranged depending on the electrode to give different colored states. It is also possible to change the color density by changing the thickness of the EC material.
裏基板では、その電極上に黒鉛の成形板を黒鉛
入り接着剤で接着するものであり、電極上に全面
乃至点付けして接着する。この電極は、EC素子
により異なるが対向電極であつても、第３電極で
あつても適用でき、もちろん、表基板に設けるこ
とも可能である。 On the back substrate, a molded graphite plate is bonded onto the electrode using a graphite-containing adhesive, and is bonded over the entire surface or in spots on the electrode. Although this electrode differs depending on the EC element, it can be applied as either a counter electrode or a third electrode, and of course, it can also be provided on the front substrate.
この黒鉛入り接着剤としては、黒鉛粉末を0.2
〜10wt％混入した接着剤が使用でき、接着性成
分としてはEC素子の電解液の影響を受けないも
のであれば良く、通常のプロピレンカーボネート
系の電解液の場合には、エポキシ樹脂、エポキシ
化ポリブタジエン樹脂、シリコン樹脂等がある。
一般的には、エポキシ樹脂が耐久性及び電解液、
EC物質への悪影響を生じにくいことにより好ま
しく、特に加熱硬化型のエポキシ樹脂が硬化時間
が短かく量産性に富み、かつ耐薬品性が高く好ま
しい。 This graphite-containing adhesive uses graphite powder at 0.2
An adhesive containing ~10wt% can be used, and the adhesive component should be one that is not affected by the electrolyte of the EC element. In the case of a normal propylene carbonate electrolyte, epoxy resin, epoxidized There are polybutadiene resins, silicone resins, etc.
In general, epoxy resin is durable and electrolyte,
It is preferable because it is less likely to have an adverse effect on the EC substance, and heat-curable epoxy resins are particularly preferable because they have a short curing time, are easy to mass-produce, and have high chemical resistance.
この添加する黒鉛としては、粉末乃至短い繊維
状のものであれば使用でき、0.1〜10wt％混入さ
れ、黒鉛板と電極とのトランスフアーの役割をは
たす。特に細長い形状の粉末である膨脹黒鉛が好
ましく、少量で確実なトランスフアーをとること
ができる。 The graphite to be added can be in the form of powder or short fibers, and is mixed in an amount of 0.1 to 10 wt% to serve as a transfer between the graphite plate and the electrode. Expanded graphite, which is a powder with an elongated shape, is particularly preferable, and reliable transfer can be achieved with a small amount.
この黒鉛入りの接着剤は、基板の電極上に全面
乃至点付けし、黒鉛の成形板、もちろん黒鉛と他
の物質、例えば二酸化マンガンの混合物であつて
も良いが、を載置し、100〜200℃程度に加熱して
接着すれば良い。もちろんこの加熱前乃至同時に
加圧しても良く、加熱をこの段階では行なわず、
後述のシール剤の硬化工程で兼用としても良い。 This graphite-containing adhesive is applied over the entire surface or dotted onto the electrode of the substrate, and a molded graphite plate, which may of course be a mixture of graphite and other substances such as manganese dioxide, is placed on it, and All you have to do is heat it to about 200℃ and bond it. Of course, pressure may be applied before or at the same time as this heating, but heating is not performed at this stage,
It may also be used in the curing process of the sealant, which will be described later.
背景板は、反射型EC素子として使用する場合
にセル内部に設けるものであり、Al2O3等の多孔
質セラミツク板、フツ素樹脂の多孔質プラスチツ
ク板等が使用でき、セル内壁に適宜係止されるよ
うにすれば良い。又、必要に応じて背景板上に所
望の着色、文字、図形等を印刷しても良い。 The background plate is provided inside the cell when used as a reflective EC element, and can be made of a porous ceramic plate such as Al 2 O 3 or a porous plastic plate made of fluororesin, and is attached to the inner wall of the cell as appropriate. All you have to do is make it stop. Further, desired colors, characters, figures, etc. may be printed on the background board as necessary.
表基板と裏基板は、次いでシール剤でシールさ
れる。 The front and back substrates are then sealed with a sealant.
このシールは第１図に示す如くシール剤のみに
よるシールに限られなく、スペーサーを介してシ
ールする、ギヤツプ調整用の粒子、繊維を混入し
てシールする等しても良い。又、必要に応じて基
板間のトランスフアーを設けても良い。 This seal is not limited to sealing using only a sealant as shown in FIG. 1, but may also be achieved by sealing through a spacer or by mixing particles or fibers for gap adjustment. Further, a transfer between the substrates may be provided as necessary.
このシール剤としては、公知のEC素子用のシ
ール剤が使用可能であり、例えば、エポキシ樹
脂、シリコン樹脂、フツ素樹脂等の電解液、EC
物質に悪影響を生じないものが使用され、周辺に
塗布後硬化せしめられる。 As this sealant, known sealants for EC elements can be used, such as electrolytes such as epoxy resins, silicone resins, and fluorine resins, and EC
A material that does not have an adverse effect on the material is used and is cured after being applied to the surrounding area.
電解液としては、公知のEC素子用の電解液が
使用可能であり、例えばプロピレンカーボネイト
に過塩素酸リチウムを溶解したものが使用されれ
ば良い。 As the electrolytic solution, a known electrolytic solution for EC elements can be used, and for example, one obtained by dissolving lithium perchlorate in propylene carbonate may be used.
又、封止も、公知のEC素子用の封止が使用可
能であり、金属、樹脂等適宜選択して使用されれ
ば良い。 Also, for the sealing, known sealing for EC elements can be used, and metals, resins, etc. may be appropriately selected and used.
この他、基板表面に印刷層、カラーフイルター
層等を設けても良く、表基板側に非表示電極であ
る対向電極又は第３電極を設ける場合にはその表
面部分に着色マスクを設けて見えなくすることも
できる。 In addition, a printed layer, a color filter layer, etc. may be provided on the surface of the substrate, and if a counter electrode or a third electrode that is a non-display electrode is provided on the front substrate side, a colored mask is provided on the surface part so that it cannot be seen. You can also.
次いで本発明の実施例を説明する。 Next, examples of the present invention will be described.
基本的には第１図と同様の構造のセルを製造し
た。 A cell having basically the same structure as that shown in FIG. 1 was manufactured.
ガラスの平面基板上にIn2O3−SnO2を真空蒸着
し、さらにWO3を真空蒸着して表示電極を形成
した表基板を製造した。次いでガラスの平面基板
をプレスにより凹型基板とし、かつ注入口を形成
し、該基板上にIn2O3−SnO2を真空蒸着して透明
電極を形成した裏基板を製造した。 In2O3 -SnO2 was vacuum-deposited on a glass flat substrate, and WO3 was further vacuum-deposited to produce a front substrate on which display electrodes were formed. Next, the glass flat substrate was pressed into a concave substrate, an injection port was formed, and In 2 O 3 --SnO 2 was vacuum-deposited onto the substrate to produce a back substrate on which a transparent electrode was formed.
膨脹黒鉛粉（日本黒鉛社製）と二酸化マンガン
粉末を１：１に混合し、厚さ0.3mmにプレス成形
して黒鉛板を得た。 Expanded graphite powder (manufactured by Nippon Graphite Co., Ltd.) and manganese dioxide powder were mixed at a ratio of 1:1 and press-molded to a thickness of 0.3 mm to obtain a graphite plate.
次いで裏基板の透明電極上に、膨脹黒鉛粉（日
本黒鉛社製）を2wt％添加したエポキシ樹脂（四
国化成社製「ウルトラダイン3110−４」）を４箇
所点付けし、黒鉛板を載置し、150℃に40分加熱
して接着固定した。 Next, on the transparent electrode of the back substrate, epoxy resin ("Ultradyne 3110-4", manufactured by Shikoku Kasei Co., Ltd.) containing 2 wt% of expanded graphite powder (manufactured by Nippon Graphite Co., Ltd.) was dotted at 4 locations, and the graphite plate was mounted. Then, it was heated to 150°C for 40 minutes and fixed with adhesive.
この表基板と裏基板を間にAl2O3製の背景板を
介して、周辺にエポキシ樹脂（アデカアーガス社
製「エポキシ化ポリブタジエンBF−1000」）を塗
布し、140℃で30分加熱してシールした。 Epoxy resin ("Epoxidized Polybutadiene BF-1000" manufactured by Adeka Argus) was applied around the front and back substrates with an Al 2 O 3 background plate in between, and heated at 140°C for 30 minutes. I sealed it.
次いで過塩素酸リチウム1mol／混入したプ
ロピレンカーボネイトからなる電解液を注入し、
あらかじめ封止孔の周りに設けられた３mmφの蒸
着膜に共晶半田で封止してセル化した。 Next, an electrolytic solution consisting of propylene carbonate mixed with 1 mol of lithium perchlorate was injected.
A vapor-deposited film with a diameter of 3 mm previously provided around the sealing hole was sealed with eutectic solder to form a cell.
このようにして製造したEC素子は、作業中に
黒鉛板の脱落移動又は導通不良を生じなく、80℃
300時間高温放置試験においても剥離、導通不良
を全く生じなかつた。 The EC element manufactured in this way does not cause the graphite plate to fall off or move during operation, or conductivity failure occurs, and can be heated up to 80°C.
Even in a 300-hour high-temperature storage test, no peeling or conduction failure occurred.
このように本発明では、対向電極又は第３電極
用の黒鉛板の固定及びトランスフアーが容易に信
頼性良く行えるものであり、EC素子の耐久性、
信頼性を向上させることができ、今後種々のEC
素子に反射型、透通型をとわず応用可能なもので
ある。 As described above, in the present invention, the graphite plate for the counter electrode or the third electrode can be easily and reliably fixed and transferred, and the durability of the EC element can be improved.
It can improve reliability and will be used in various EC in the future.
It can be applied to both reflective and transparent elements.
第１図は、本発明のEC素子の基本例の断面図。
２……EC物質、３，４……透明電極、５……
黒鉛の成形板、６……黒鉛入りの接着剤。
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a basic example of the EC element of the present invention. 2... EC material, 3, 4... Transparent electrode, 5...
Graphite molded plate, 6...Adhesive containing graphite.
Claims (1)
と、黒鉛製の対向電極又は黒鉛製の第３電極を有
し、２枚の基板を周辺シール剤によつて接着し、
内部に電解液を封入してなるエレクトロクロミツ
ク素子において、対向電極又は第３電極が、黒鉛
の成形板を電極上に黒鉛を混入した接着剤により
接着したものであることを特徴とするエレクトロ
クロミツク素子。 ２ 黒鉛が膨脹黒鉛であることを特徴とする特許
請求の範囲第１項記載のエレクトロクロミツク素
子。[Claims] 1. A display electrode provided with an electrochromic substance and a counter electrode made of graphite or a third electrode made of graphite, two substrates bonded together with a peripheral sealant,
An electrochromic element having an electrolyte sealed therein, wherein the counter electrode or the third electrode is formed by adhering a graphite molded plate onto the electrode using an adhesive containing graphite. Tsuku Motoko. 2. The electrochromic device according to claim 1, wherein the graphite is expanded graphite.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4406481A JPS57158831A (en) | 1981-03-27 | 1981-03-27 | Electrochromic element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4406481A JPS57158831A (en) | 1981-03-27 | 1981-03-27 | Electrochromic element |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS57158831A JPS57158831A (en) | 1982-09-30 |
| JPH0119566B2 true JPH0119566B2 (en) | 1989-04-12 |
Family
ID=12681188
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4406481A Granted JPS57158831A (en) | 1981-03-27 | 1981-03-27 | Electrochromic element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS57158831A (en) |
-
1981
- 1981-03-27 JP JP4406481A patent/JPS57158831A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS57158831A (en) | 1982-09-30 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US4640583A (en) | Display panel having an inner and an outer seal and process for the production thereof | |
| US7666049B2 (en) | Electrodeposition display panel manufacturing method, electrodeposition display panel, and electrodeposition display device | |
| KR900005221B1 (en) | Sheet type electrode for use in measurement of ions | |
| JPH0119566B2 (en) | ||
| JPH0517534B2 (en) | ||
| JPS6026321A (en) | Manufacture of liquid crystal display device | |
| JPS6327695B2 (en) | ||
| JPH0723943B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display | |
| JPS60247619A (en) | Liquid crystal display body | |
| JPS6069634A (en) | Liquid crystal display body | |
| JPS5916908Y2 (en) | liquid crystal display device | |
| JPS5960421A (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| JP2004286884A (en) | Electrodeposition image display apparatus | |
| JPS6332168B2 (en) | ||
| JPH03269520A (en) | Production of liquid crystal display panel | |
| JP3206725B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| JPS5880295A (en) | Method of producing el element | |
| JPS60121421A (en) | Electrochromic display device sealed with epoxy resin | |
| JPS60232531A (en) | Manufacture of liquid crystal display element | |
| CN1095823A (en) | Used for liquid crystal display device sealant and encapsulating method | |
| JPS597346A (en) | Electrochromic display device | |
| JPH0433013B2 (en) | ||
| JPS6029726A (en) | Liquid crystal display body | |
| JP2000214493A (en) | Electrochromic device and its production | |
| JPS62240938A (en) | Electrochromic display element |